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Yang L, Song X, Ma Y, Gong L, Zhao Z. Soil Water Movement and Groundwater Recharge Under Different Land Uses in a Flood-Irrigated Area. GROUND WATER 2024; 62:212-225. [PMID: 37254684 DOI: 10.1111/gwat.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The water shortage in agriculture area in China requires to reduce the consumption of excessive water in flood irrigation. Therefore, the dynamics of soil water regime is needed to investigate and water-saving irrigation is necessary to alleviate water shortage. This study investigated the impact of flood irrigation on soil water movement and recharge to groundwater in the Yellow River irrigation area of Yinchuan Plain, China. Combining comprehensive field observation, stable isotopic techniques and water balance simulation, we described the soil water mechanism in vadose zone covered with bare soil in 2019 and planted with maize in 2020. The soil layers affected by precipitation infiltration and evaporation were mainly 0-50 cm, while the soil influenced by irrigation was the entire profile in the mode of piston flow. The maize root took up the soil water up to the depth of 100 cm during the tasseling period. The infiltration and capillary rise in 2020 were similar with those in 2019. However, the total deep percolation was 156.5 mm in 2020 which was about 50% of that in 2019 because of the maize root water uptake. The leakage of ditch water was the major recharge resource of groundwater for the fast water table rise. Precise irrigation is required to minimize deep percolation and leakage of ditch water and reduce excessive unproductive evapotranspiration. Therefore, understanding the soil water movement and groundwater recharge is critical for agricultural water management to improve irrigation efficiency and water use efficiency in arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Geographic Environment Comprehensive Observation and Simulation, Xiongan Institute of Innovation, Xiongan, People's Republic of China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianfang Song
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Geographic Environment Comprehensive Observation and Simulation, Xiongan Institute of Innovation, Xiongan, People's Republic of China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxue Ma
- Department of Basic Geological Environment Investigation, Ningxia Geological Survey Institute, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Gong
- Department of Basic Geological Environment Investigation, Ningxia Geological Survey Institute, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Zhao
- Department of Ecological Geological Investigation, Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology of Ningxia, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
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Du B, Ye S, Gao P, Ren S, Liu C, Song C. Analyzing spatial patterns and driving factors of cropland change in China's National Protected Areas for sustainable management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169102. [PMID: 38056649 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Farming in protected areas frequently challenges ecological conservation goals while supporting local livelihoods. To balance protection and agriculture, a comprehensive understanding of cropland dynamics in protected areas is of paramount importance. However, studies addressing this trade-off are relatively scarce, especially considering explicit Chinese government regulations on population relocation and cropland retirement in National Protected Areas (NPAs). Our study examined the spatial and temporal pattern of cropland in NPAs and explored the covariance between cropland density and species richness. Concurrently, the driving factors of cropland development in NPAs were analyzed using Multiple Linear Regression. The results indicate that the cropland area in NPAs continued to expand, growing from 1.93 to 2.34 million hectares in 2000-2020, with a cropland density of approximately 0.4. Cropland expansion in the northern NPAs, particularly in the resource-rich Northeast (28.12 %) and the Northwest with high marginal agricultural returns (38.26 %), have encroached upon species habitats and aggravated biodiversity loss. Moreover, cities with higher cropland densities in NPAs are usually located at borders, possibly due to decentralized management. The Multiple Linear Regression results show that high cropland density is usually associated with a high population density (β = 0.156) and lower levels of rural education (β = -0.101) and income (β = -0.122). To mitigate the issue of cropland development in NPAs, it is crucial to avoid one-size-fits-all management strategies, strengthen regional legal supervision, adjust fiscal incentives, and promote eco-friendly agriculture. In the north regions, the expansion of cropland in NPAs should be strictly controlled. For the southwest, the positive role of preserving cropland in NPAs for alleviating human-nature conflict and maintaining social stability should be emphasized. This study provides research support for China's exploration of geographically suitable strategies for controlling cropland in NPAs. Moreover, the findings could serve as a reference for the governance of NPAs in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Du
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Sijing Ye
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Peichao Gao
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shuyi Ren
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chenyu Liu
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Changqing Song
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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3
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Wang Y, Zhang L, Zhang S, Zhu S, Zhang F, Zhang G, Duan B, Ren R, Zhang H, Han M, Xu Y, Li Y. Regulating pathway for bacterial diversities toward improved ecological benefits of thiencarbazone-methyl·isoxaflutole application: A field experiment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 352:120037. [PMID: 38194872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Herbicide abuse has a significantly negative impact on soil microflora and further influences the ecological benefit. The regulating measures and corresponding mechanisms mitigating the decreased bacterial diversity due to herbicide use have rarely been studied. A field experiment containing the application gradient of an efficient maize herbicide thiencarbazone-methyl·isoxaflutole was performed. The relationship between soil bacterial community and thiencarbazone-methyl·isoxaflutole use was revealed. Modified attapulgite was added to explore its impacts on soil microflora under the thiencarbazone-methyl·isoxaflutole application. Based on the analytic network process-entropy weighting method-TOPSIS method model, the ecological benefit focusing on microbial responses was quantitatively estimated along with technical effectiveness and economic benefit. The results showed that the diversity indices of soil microflora, especially the Inv_Simpson index, were reduced at the recommended, 5 and 10 times the recommended dosages of thiencarbazone-methyl·isoxaflutole use. The Flavisolibacter bacteria was negatively correlated with the residues in soils based on the random forest model and correlation analysis, indicating a potential degrader of thiencarbazone-methyl·isoxaflutole residues. The structural equation model further confirmed that the high soil water content and soil pH promoted the function of Flavisolibacter bacteria, facilitated the dissipation of thiencarbazone-methyl·isoxaflutole residues and further improved the diversity of soil microflora. In addition, the presence of modified attapulgite was found to increase the soil pH, which may improve bacterial diversity through the regulating pathway. This explained the high ecological benefits of the treatment where the thiencarbazone-methyl·isoxaflutole was applied at the recommended dosage rates in conjunction with modified attapulgite addition. Therefore, the comprehensive benefits of thiencarbazone-methyl·isoxaflutole application with a focus on ecological benefits can be improved by regulating the soil pH with modified attapulgite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Northern Urban Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shumin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shiliang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Fengsong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Zhongke-Ji'an Institute for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Ji'an, 343000, China.
| | - Guixiang Zhang
- School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Bihua Duan
- Key Laboratory for Northern Urban Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Rui Ren
- School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Meng Han
- Key Laboratory for Northern Urban Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory for Northern Urban Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yuyang Li
- Key Laboratory for Northern Urban Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
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Ma C, Feng Y, Wang J, Zheng B, Wang X, Jiao N. Integrative Physiological, Transcriptome, and Proteome Analyses Provide Insights into the Photosynthetic Changes in Maize in a Maize-Peanut Intercropping System. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:65. [PMID: 38202373 PMCID: PMC10780508 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Intercropping is a traditional and sustainable planting method that can make rational use of natural resources such as light, temperature, fertilizer, water, and CO2. Due to its efficient resource utilization, intercropping, in particular, maize and legume intercropping, is widespread around the world. However, the molecular details of these pathways remain largely unknown. In this study, physiological, transcriptome, and proteome analyses were compared between maize monocropping and maize-peanut intercropping. The results show that an intercropping system enhanced the ability of carbon fixation and carboxylation of maize leaves. Apparent quantum yield (AQY), the light-saturated net photosynthetic rate (LSPn), the light saturation point (LSP), and the light compensation point (LCP) were increased by 11.6%, 9.4%, 8.9%, and 32.1% in the intercropping system, respectively; carboxylation efficiency (CE), the CO2 saturation point (Cisat), the Rubisco maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax), the maximum electron transfer rate (Jmax), and the triose phosphate utilization rate (TPU) were increased by 28.5%, 7.3%, 18.7%, 29.2%, and 17.0%, respectively; meanwhile, the CO2 compensation point (Γ) decreased by 22.6%. Moreover, the transcriptome analysis confirmed the presence of 588 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and the numbers of up-regulated and down-regulated genes were 383 and 205, respectively. The DEGs were primarily concerned with ribosomes, plant hormone signal transduction, and photosynthesis. Furthermore, 549 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in the maize leaves in both the maize monocropping and maize-peanut intercropping systems. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that 186 DEPs were related to 37 specific KEGG pathways in each of the two treatment groups. Based on the physiological, transcriptome, and proteome analyses, it was demonstrated that the photosynthetic characteristics in maize leaves can be improved by maize-peanut intercropping. This may be related to PS I, PS II, cytochrome b6f complex, ATP synthase, and photosynthetic CO2 fixation, which is caused by the improved CO2 carboxylation efficiency. Our results provide a more in-depth understanding of the high yield and high-efficiency mechanism in maize and peanut intercropping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (C.M.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Yalan Feng
- College of Life Science, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan 430223, China;
| | - Jiangtao Wang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (C.M.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Bin Zheng
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (C.M.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (C.M.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Nianyuan Jiao
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (C.M.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (X.W.)
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Huang Z, Ming B, Hou L, Xue J, Wang K, Xie R, Hou P, Wang Z, Ma D, Gao J, Li S. Improving maize quality from mechanical grain harvesting by matching maize varieties with accumulated temperature in northeast China. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:5061-5069. [PMID: 36990972 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global warming has led to methods of planting late-maturing maize varieties in northeast China that have hindered the development of physiological maturity (PM) at harvest and the use of mechanical grain harvesting (MGH). Under these conditions it is difficult to balance the drying characteristics of maize varieties and to make full use of accumulated temperature resources in such a way as to reduce grain moisture content (GMC) at harvest. RESULTS The effective accumulated temperature (AcT) and the drying rates of different varieties vary. In northeast China, with a GMC of 25%, the growth periods of a fast-drying variety (FDV) and a slow-drying variety (SDV) were 114-192 days and 110-188 days respectively. After PM, the FDV needed 47 days and the SDV needed 51 days to reduce the GMC to be ready for MGH. Harvested with a GMC of 20%, the growth period for the FDV was 97-175 days and for the SDV it was 90-171 days. After PM, the FDV required 64 days and the SDV needed 70 days to reduce the GMC to be ready for MGH. CONCLUSION Matching cultivars with AcT can help farmers to choose suitable varieties. Promoting MGH may boost maize production, thus ensuring China's food security. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofu Huang
- Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Bo Ming
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Liangyu Hou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jun Xue
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Keru Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ruizhi Xie
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Peng Hou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Daling Ma
- Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Julin Gao
- Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shaokun Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China
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Zhang G, Ming B, Xie R, Chen J, Hou P, Xue J, Shen D, Li R, Zhai J, Zhang Y, Wang K, Li S. Reducing plastic film mulching and optimizing agronomic management can ensure food security and reduce carbon emissions in irrigated maize areas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 883:163507. [PMID: 37059139 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Increasing crop yields to ensure food security while also reducing agriculture's environmental impacts to ensure green sustainable development are great challenges for global agriculture. Plastic film, widely used to improve crop yield, also creates plastic film residue pollution and greenhouse gas emissions that restricts the development of sustainable agriculture. So, one of those challenges is to reduce plastic film use while also ensuring food security, and thus promote green and sustainable development. A field experiment was conducted during 2017-2020 at 3 farmland areas, each with different altitudes and climate conditions, in northern Xinjiang, China. We investigated the effects on maize yield, economic returns, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of plastic film mulching (PFM) versus no mulching (NM) methods in drip-irrigated maize production. We also chose maize hybrids with 3 different maturation times and used 2 planting densities to further investigate how those differences more specifically affect maize yield, economic returns, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions under each mulching method. We found that by using maize varieties with a utilization rate of accumulated temperature (URAT) <86.6 % with NM, and increasing the planting density by 3 plants m-2, yields and economic returns improved and GHG emissions reduced by 33.1 %, compared to those of PFM maize. The maize varieties with URATs between 88.2 % to 89.2 %, had the lowest GHG emissions. We discovered that by matching the required accumulated temperatures of various maize varieties to environmental accumulated temperatures, along with filmless and higher density planting, and modern irrigation and fertilization practices, yields increased and residual plastic film pollution and carbon emissions reduced. Therefore, these advances in agronomic management are important steps toward reducing pollution and achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bo Ming
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ruizhi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianglu Chen
- Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Division 6 of XPCG, Wujiaqu 831300, China
| | - Peng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jun Xue
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dongping Shen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rongfa Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Juan Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuanmeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Keru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Shaokun Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Guo Y, Wang Q, Zhao X, Li Z, Li M, Zhang J, Wei K. Field irrigation using magnetized brackish water affects the growth and water consumption of Haloxylon ammodendron seedlings in an arid area. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:929021. [PMID: 36092431 PMCID: PMC9453590 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.929021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater resources in arid areas are scarce, while there are abundant brackish water reserves that have great application potential for the irrigation of desert plants. However, brackish water irrigation will lead to soil salinization, which will inhibit plant growth. Magnetized water is a new technology that makes the use of brackish water feasible. The present study assessed the effects of irrigation using three water types (fresh, brackish, and magnetized brackish water) and five irrigation amounts (W1, 81 mm; W2, 108 mm; W3, 135 mm; W4, 162mm; and W5, 189 mm) on soil salinity and Haloxylon ammodendron seedling growth. Compared with fresh water, brackish water irrigation inhibited the growth of H. ammodendron and reduced water consumption. Irrigation with magnetized brackish water effectively improved the effect of soil salt leaching, promoted the growth and water absorption of H. ammodendron roots, and stimulated the growth of plant height, basal diameter, shoot length, and crown width. Based on the principal component analysis, the first three treatments of H. ammodendron comprehensive growth state were FW4, FW3, and MBW4, respectively. This showed that magnetized brackish water combined with an appropriate irrigation amount was helpful to optimize the growth of H. ammodendron seedlings on the basis of fresh water saving. Therefore, magnetized brackish water irrigation is an effective strategy for ensuring the establishment and growth of H. ammodendron seedlings in arid and water-deficient areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulic in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
- School of Water Resource and Hydropower, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Quanjiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulic in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
- School of Water Resource and Hydropower, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulic in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
- School of Water Resource and Hydropower, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Zongyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulic in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
- School of Water Resource and Hydropower, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulic in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
- School of Water Resource and Hydropower, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Jihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulic in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
- School of Water Resource and Hydropower, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulic in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
- School of Water Resource and Hydropower, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
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Lu J, Ma L, Hu T, Geng C, Yan S. Deficit drip irrigation based on crop evapotranspiration and precipitation forecast improves water- use efficiency and grain yield of summer maize. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:653-663. [PMID: 34146410 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited and erratic precipitation with inefficient irrigation scheduling often leads to an unstable crop yield and low water-use efficiency (WUE) in semi-arid and semi-humid regions. A 2-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of three irrigation strategies (conventional irrigation (CK), full-drip irrigation (FI), based on crop evapotranspiration and precipitation forecast, and deficit drip irrigation (DI) (75% FI)) on photosynthetic characteristics, leaf-to-air temperature difference (∆T), grain yield, and the WUE of summer maize. RESULTS The results showed that the daily average net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of DI and FI increased by 25.4% and 25.8% at jointing stage in 2018, and 26.3% and 26.5% at grain-filling stage in 2019 compared with CK, respectively. At jointing stage in 2018 and grain-filling stage in 2019, the transpiration rate (Tr) of DI was significantly lower than that of FI (P < 0.05) but there was insignificant difference in Pn value (P > 0.05). The ∆T between 12:00-14:00 of DI and FI was significantly lower than that of CK at jointing stage in 2018 and grain-filling stage in 2019 (P < 0.05). The 2-year average grain yields of DI and FI were 11.4 and 11.5 t ha-1 , which increased by 32.4% and 32.8% compared with CK, respectively. The WUE of DI was 2.82 kg m-3 , which was 17.9% and 33.8% higher than that of FI and CK, respectively. CONCLUSION Deficit drip irrigation based on crop evapotranspiration and precipitation forecast improves crop WUE and maintains high grain yields in semi-arid and semi-humid regions. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsheng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lihui Ma
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tiantian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chenming Geng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shicheng Yan
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Zhao M, Feng Y, Shi Y, Shen H, Hu H, Luo Y, Xu L, Kang J, Xing A, Wang S, Fang J. Yield and quality properties of silage maize and their influencing factors in China. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:1655-1666. [PMID: 35122623 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-2023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Silage maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important forages in the world, and its yield and quality properties are critical parameters for livestock production and assessment of forage values. However, relationships between its yield and quality properties and the controlling factors are not well documented. In this study, we collected 5,663 observations from 196 publications across the country to identify the relationships between yield and quality properties of silage maize and to assess the impact of management practices and climatic factors on its yield and quality in China. The average dry matter yield of silage maize was (19.98±6.93) Mg ha-1, and the average value of crude protein, ether extract, crude ash, crude fiber, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, nitrogen-free extract, and relative feed value was 7.86%±1.71%, 2.53%±1.01%, 5.05%±1.66%, 23.97%±6.34%, 27.62%±7.12%, 51.60%±9.85%, 59.68%±7.72%, and 131.17±31.49, respectively. In general, its nutritive value decreased as its yield increased. Increasing planting density could increase the yield but inhibit the nutritive values, while increasing fertilization could benefit the nutritive values. Geographically, the yield increased and the nutritive value decreased from warm (south) to cold (north) regions. The length of growth duration was a major controlling factor for the patterns of these properties. Our findings provide insights for police-makers to make strategy for achieving high yield and good quality of silage maize and help local people to implement better management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yinping Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yue Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haihua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huifeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yongkai Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Longchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jie Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Aijun Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China. .,College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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10
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Maxent Modeling for Identifying the Nature Reserve of Cistanche deserticola Ma under Effects of the Host (Haloxylon Bunge) Forest and Climate Changes in Xinjiang, China. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cistanche deserticola Ma is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant exclusively parasitizing on the roots of Haloxylon ammodendron (C. A. Mey.) Bunge and H. Persicum Bunge ex Boiss and the primary cultivated crop of the desert economy. Its wild resources became scarce due to over-exploitation and poaching for economic benefits. To protect the biological diversity of the desert Haloxylon–Cistanche community forest, the optimal combination of desert ecology and economy industry, and their future survival, this paper examines the conservation areas of wild C. deserticola from the perspective of hosts’ effects and climate changes. To identify conservation areas, the potential distributions generated by MaxEnt in two strategies (AH: abiotic and hosts factors; HO: hosts factors only) compare the model’s performance, the niche range overlap, and the changing trend in climate changes. The results show the following: (1) The HO strategy is more suitable for prediction and identifying the core conservation areas in hosts and climate changes (indirectly affected by host distributions) for C. deserticola. (2) The low-suitable habitat and the medium-suitable habitat are both sensitive to the climate changes; the reduction reaches 48.2% (SSP585, 2081–2100) and 26.6%(SSP370, 2081–2100), respectively. The highly suitable habitat is always in growth, with growth reaching 27.3% (SSP585, 2081–2100). (3) Core conservation areas and agriculture and education areas are 317,315.118 km2 and 319,489.874 km2, respectively. This study developed a predictive model for Maxent under climate change scenarios by limiting host and abiotic factors and inverted the natural habitat of C. deserticola to provide scientific zoning for biodiversity conservation in desert Haloxylon–Cistanche community forests systems, providing an effective reference for decision makers.
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11
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Gao J, Xu C, Luo N, Liu X, Huang S, Wang P. Mitigating global warming potential while coordinating economic benefits by optimizing irrigation managements in maize production. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 298:113474. [PMID: 34364244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
China is the second largest irrigated country in the world. Increasing irrigation intensity costs more water and energy, and produces more greenhouse gas (GHG). In the present study, the responses of maize economic and environmental benefits to different irrigation managements were analyzed in a 2-year field study. A purposely designed tube-study was conducted to explore mechanism underlying effects of irrigation managements in detail. Three treatments, rainfed (RF), flood irrigation (FI), and drip irrigation (DI) were included in the field. Five treatments, no irrigation, flood irrigation, irrigation in 0-30, 30-60, and 0-90 cm depth were conducted in the tube study. Compared to RF, grain yields of FI and DI significantly increased by 22.1 % and 35.7 %, respectively, the net ecosystem economic budget significantly increased by 34.2 % and 35.6 %, and carbon footprint decreased by 7.0 % and 12.7 % in the field study. The irrigation treatments in the tube study increased the global warming potential by 12.0-32.8 % and grain yield by 44.5-203.9 %, and reduced GHG intensity by 24.3-57.4 %, compared with no irrigation treatment. Water content at the top soil layer had the greatest impact on GHG emissions. In conclusion, the differences in grain yield and GHG emissions among irrigation managements are mainly due to the soil water content in space and time. Drip irrigation decreases GHG intensity by producing more grain yield due to the optimized soil water distribution in the root zone. Irrigation management with appropriate amount and frequency can increase economic benefit and reduce environmental cost in maize production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Gao
- China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, PR China.
| | - Chenchen Xu
- China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, PR China.
| | - Ning Luo
- China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, PR China.
| | - Xiwei Liu
- China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, PR China.
| | - Shoubing Huang
- China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, PR China.
| | - Pu Wang
- China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, PR China.
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12
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Li R, Zhang G, Liu G, Wang K, Xie R, Hou P, Ming B, Wang Z, Li S. Improving the yield potential in maize by constructing the ideal plant type and optimizing the maize canopy structure. Food Energy Secur 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rongfa Li
- Agricultural College Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot China
- Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology Ministry of Agriculture Beijing China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology Ministry of Agriculture Beijing China
| | - Guangzhou Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology Ministry of Agriculture Beijing China
| | - Keru Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology Ministry of Agriculture Beijing China
| | - Ruizhi Xie
- Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology Ministry of Agriculture Beijing China
| | - Peng Hou
- Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology Ministry of Agriculture Beijing China
| | - Bo Ming
- Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology Ministry of Agriculture Beijing China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Agricultural College Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot China
| | - Shaokun Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology Ministry of Agriculture Beijing China
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13
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Gao J, Yan Y, Hou X, Liu X, Zhang Y, Huang S, Wang P. Vertical distribution and seasonal variation of soil moisture after drip-irrigation affects greenhouse gas emissions and maize production during the growth season. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 763:142965. [PMID: 33498109 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Providing enough food for the increasing global population is difficult due to water shortages, which can be partially resolved by regulating soil moisture. Soil moisture influences soluble nutrient uptake and microbial activity, which determine crop growth, but also affects greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Farming is increasingly contributing to GHG emission, but little is known about the effects of the vertical soil moisture distribution on GHG or maize (Zea mays L.) yield over the growth season. In this study, there were five irrigation treatments: no irrigation (NI), and irrigation of the top (0-30 cm) (TI), middle (30-60 cm) (MI), bottom (60-90 cm) (BI), and all (0-90 cm) (AI) soil layers. The results showed that TI, MI, BI, and AI increased CO2 (25-60%), CH4 (80-270%), and N2O (17-96%) emissions, and the global warming potential (25-63%), while also increasing grain yield (13-119%) and reducing GHG intensity by 12-27%. While higher soil moisture in the shallow soil layer increased grain yield and GHG emissions, GHG intensity was lowest. Subsurface irrigation or control of the "drip irrigation interval" improve grain yield and resource use efficiency with lower environmental costs contributing agricultural sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Gao
- China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, PR China
| | - Ye Yan
- China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, PR China.
| | - Xinfang Hou
- China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, PR China
| | - Xiwei Liu
- China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, PR China
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, PR China
| | - Shoubing Huang
- China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, PR China.
| | - Pu Wang
- China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, PR China.
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