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Hu B, Zhang X, Zhu S, Wang C, Deng Z, Wang T, Wu Y. Identification and validation of an individualized metabolic prognostic signature for predicting the biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer based on the immune microenvironment. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:92. [PMID: 38297388 PMCID: PMC10829481 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01672-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent genitourinary malignancy in men, with a significant proportion of patients developing biochemical recurrence (BCR) after treatment. The immune microenvironment and metabolic alterations have crucial implications for the tumorigenesis and progression of PCa. Therefore, identifying metabolic genes associated with the immune microenvironment holds promise for predicting BCR and improving PCa prognosis. METHODS In this study, ssGSEA and hierarchical clustering analysis were first conducted to evaluate and group PCa samples, followed by the use of the ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms to characterize the immunophenotypes and tumor microenvironment. The differential metabolic genes (MTGs) between groups were utilized to develop a prognostic-related signature. The predictive performance of the signature was assessed by principal component analysis (PCA), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, survival analysis, and the TIDE algorithm. A miRNA-MTGs regulatory network and predictive nomogram were constructed. Moreover, the expression of prognostic MTGs in PCa was detected by RT‒qPCR. RESULTS PCa samples from the TCGA cohort were separated into two groups: the immune-low group and immune-high group. Forty-eight differentially expressed MTGs between the groups were identified, including 37 up-regulated and 11 down-regulated MTGs. Subsequently, CEL, CYP3A4, and PDE6G were identified as the genes most strongly associated with the BCR of PCa patients and these genes were utilized to establish the MTGs-based prognostic signatures. PCA, ROC curves analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and the nomogram all showed the good predictive ability of the signature regardless of clinical variables. Furthermore, the MTGs-based signature was indicated as a potential predictive biomarker for immunotherapy response. Nine miRNAs involved in the regulation of prognostic MTGs were determined. In addition to the CEL gene, the PDE6G and CYP3A4 genes were expressed at higher levels in PCa samples. CONCLUSIONS The MTGs-based signature represents a novel approach with promising potential for predicting BCR in PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bintao Hu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shiqing Zhu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chengwei Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiyao Deng
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Pérez-Gómez JM, Montero-Hidalgo AJ, Fuentes-Fayos AC, Sarmento-Cabral A, Guzmán-Ruiz R, Malagón MM, Herrera-Martínez AD, Gahete MD, Luque RM. Exploring the role of the inflammasomes on prostate cancer: Interplay with obesity. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:1165-1187. [PMID: 37819510 PMCID: PMC10697898 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09838-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a weight-related disorder characterized by excessive adipose tissue growth and dysfunction which leads to the onset of a systemic chronic low-grade inflammatory state. Likewise, inflammation is considered a classic cancer hallmark affecting several steps of carcinogenesis and tumor progression. In this regard, novel molecular complexes termed inflammasomes have been identified which are able to react to a wide spectrum of insults, impacting several metabolic-related disorders, but their contribution to cancer biology remains unclear. In this context, prostate cancer (PCa) has a markedly inflammatory component, and patients frequently are elderly individuals who exhibit weight-related disorders, being obesity the most prevalent condition. Therefore, inflammation, and specifically, inflammasome complexes, could be crucial players in the interplay between PCa and metabolic disorders. In this review, we will: 1) discuss the potential role of each inflammasome component (sensor, molecular adaptor, and targets) in PCa pathophysiology, placing special emphasis on IL-1β/NF-kB pathway and ROS and hypoxia influence; 2) explore the association between inflammasomes and obesity, and how these molecular complexes could act as the cornerstone between the obesity and PCa; and, 3) compile current clinical trials regarding inflammasome targeting, providing some insights about their potential use in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M Pérez-Gómez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), IMIBIC Building, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio J Montero-Hidalgo
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), IMIBIC Building, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio C Fuentes-Fayos
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), IMIBIC Building, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - André Sarmento-Cabral
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), IMIBIC Building, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rocio Guzmán-Ruiz
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), IMIBIC Building, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - María M Malagón
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), IMIBIC Building, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Aura D Herrera-Martínez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), IMIBIC Building, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, HURS/IMIBIC, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), IMIBIC Building, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), IMIBIC Building, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain.
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3
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Saha A, Kolonin MG, DiGiovanni J. Obesity and prostate cancer - microenvironmental roles of adipose tissue. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:579-596. [PMID: 37198266 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00764-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is known to have important roles in driving prostate cancer aggressiveness and increased mortality. Multiple mechanisms have been postulated for these clinical observations, including effects of diet and lifestyle, systemic changes in energy balance and hormonal regulation and activation of signalling by growth factors and cytokines and other components of the immune system. Over the past decade, research on obesity has shifted towards investigating the role of peri-prostatic white adipose tissue as an important source of locally produced factors that stimulate prostate cancer progression. Cells that comprise white adipose tissue, the adipocytes and their progenitor adipose stromal cells (ASCs), which proliferate to accommodate white adipose tissue expansion in obesity, have been identified as important drivers of obesity-associated cancer progression. Accumulating evidence suggests that adipocytes are a source of lipids that are used by adjacent prostate cancer cells. However, results of preclinical studies indicate that ASCs promote tumour growth by remodelling extracellular matrix and supporting neovascularization, contributing to the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells, and inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition through paracrine signalling. Because epithelial-mesenchymal transition is associated with cancer chemotherapy resistance and metastasis, ASCs are considered to be potential targets of therapies that could be developed to suppress cancer aggressiveness in patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achinto Saha
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Dell Paediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Mikhail G Kolonin
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Disease, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - John DiGiovanni
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Dell Paediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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4
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Saha A, Hamilton-Reeves J, DiGiovanni J. White adipose tissue-derived factors and prostate cancer progression: mechanisms and targets for interventions. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:649-671. [PMID: 35927363 PMCID: PMC9474694 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10056-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Obesity represents an important risk factor for prostate cancer, driving more aggressive disease, chemoresistance, and increased mortality. White adipose tissue (WAT) overgrowth in obesity is central to the mechanisms that lead to these clinical observations. Adipose stromal cells (ASCs), the progenitors to mature adipocytes and other cell types in WAT, play a vital role in driving PCa aggressiveness. ASCs produce numerous factors, especially chemokines, including the chemokine CXCL12, which is involved in driving EMT and chemoresistance in PCa. A greater understanding of the impact of WAT in obesity-induced progression of PCa and the underlying mechanisms has begun to provide opportunities for developing interventional strategies for preventing or offsetting these critical events. These include weight loss regimens, therapeutic targeting of ASCs, use of calorie restriction mimetic compounds, and combinations of compounds as well as specific receptor targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achinto Saha
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78723, USA
- Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78723, USA
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78723, USA
| | - Jill Hamilton-Reeves
- Departments of Urology and Dietetics & Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - John DiGiovanni
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78723, USA.
- Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78723, USA.
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78723, USA.
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX, 78723, USA.
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5
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Bunnell BA, Martin EC, Matossian MD, Brock CK, Nguyen K, Collins-Burow B, Burow ME. The effect of obesity on adipose-derived stromal cells and adipose tissue and their impact on cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:549-573. [PMID: 35999486 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The significant increase in the incidence of obesity represents the next global health crisis. As a result, scientific research has focused on gaining deeper insights into obesity and adipose tissue biology. As a result of the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue, obesity results from hyperplasia and hypertrophy within the adipose tissue. The functional alterations in the adipose tissue are a confounding contributing factor to many diseases, including cancer. The increased incidence and aggressiveness of several cancers, including colorectal, postmenopausal breast, endometrial, prostate, esophageal, hematological, malignant melanoma, and renal carcinomas, result from obesity as a contributing factor. The increased morbidity and mortality of obesity-associated cancers are attributable to increased hormones, adipokines, and cytokines produced by the adipose tissue. The increased adipose tissue levels observed in obese patients result in more adipose stromal/stem cells (ASCs) distributed throughout the body. ASCs have been shown to impact cancer progression in vitro and in preclinical animal models. ASCs influence tumor biology via multiple mechanisms, including the increased recruitment of ASCs to the tumor site and increased production of cytokines and growth factors by ASCs and other cells within the tumor stroma. Emerging evidence indicates that obesity induces alterations in the biological properties of ASCs, subsequently leading to enhanced tumorigenesis and metastasis of cancer cells. As the focus of this review is the interaction and impact of ASCs on cancer, the presentation is limited to preclinical data generated on cancers in which there is a demonstrated role for ASCs, such as postmenopausal breast, colorectal, prostate, ovarian, multiple myeloma, osteosarcoma, cervical, bladder, and gastrointestinal cancers. Our group has investigated the interactions between obesity and breast cancer and the mechanisms that regulate ASCs and adipocytes in these different contexts through interactions between cancer cells, immune cells, and other cell types present in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are discussed. The reciprocal and circular feedback loop between obesity and ASCs and the mechanisms by which ASCs from obese patients alter the biology of cancer cells and enhance tumorigenesis will be discussed. At present, the evidence for ASCs directly influencing human tumor growth is somewhat limited, though recent clinical studies suggest there may be some link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Bunnell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
| | - Elizabeth C Martin
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Margarite D Matossian
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of Chicago, IL, Chicago, USA
| | - Courtney K Brock
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Khoa Nguyen
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Bridgette Collins-Burow
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Matthew E Burow
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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6
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La Civita E, Liotti A, Cennamo M, Crocetto F, Ferro M, Liguoro P, Cimmino A, Imbimbo C, Beguinot F, Formisano P, Terracciano D. Peri-Prostatic Adipocyte-Released TGFβ Enhances Prostate Cancer Cell Motility by Upregulation of Connective Tissue Growth Factor. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111692. [PMID: 34829922 PMCID: PMC8615771 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) has emerged as a key player in the prostate cancer (PCa) microenvironment. In this study, we evaluated the ability of PPAT to promote PCa cell migration, as well as the molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS We collected conditioned mediums from in vitro differentiated adipocytes isolated from PPAT taken from PCa patients during radical prostatectomy. Migration was studied by scratch assay. RESULTS Culture with CM of human PPAT (AdipoCM) promotes migration in two different human androgen-independent (AI) PCa cell lines (DU145 and PC3) and upregulated the expression of CTGF. SB431542, a well-known TGFβ receptor inhibitor, counteracts the increased migration observed in presence of AdipoCM and decreased CTGF expression, suggesting that a paracrine secretion of TGFβ by PPAT affects motility of PCa cells. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our study showed that factors secreted by PPAT enhanced migration through CTGF upregulation in AI PCa cell lines. These findings reveal the potential of novel therapeutic strategies targeting adipocyte-released factors and TGFβ/CTGF axis to fight advanced PCa dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina La Civita
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.L.C.); (A.L.); (M.C.); (P.L.); (F.B.)
| | - Antonietta Liotti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.L.C.); (A.L.); (M.C.); (P.L.); (F.B.)
| | - Michele Cennamo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.L.C.); (A.L.); (M.C.); (P.L.); (F.B.)
| | - Felice Crocetto
- Department of Neurosciences, Sciences of Reproduction and Odontostomatology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (C.I.)
| | - Matteo Ferro
- Division of Urology, European Institute of Oncology, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Pasquale Liguoro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.L.C.); (A.L.); (M.C.); (P.L.); (F.B.)
| | - Amelia Cimmino
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysic, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Ciro Imbimbo
- Department of Neurosciences, Sciences of Reproduction and Odontostomatology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (C.I.)
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.L.C.); (A.L.); (M.C.); (P.L.); (F.B.)
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.L.C.); (A.L.); (M.C.); (P.L.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence: (P.F.); (D.T.)
| | - Daniela Terracciano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.L.C.); (A.L.); (M.C.); (P.L.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence: (P.F.); (D.T.)
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Su X, Chen X, Wang B. Pathology of metabolically-related dyslipidemia. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 521:107-115. [PMID: 34192528 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that overweight/obesity is closely associated with multiple health problems. Among these, dyslipidemia is the most important and main driving force behind pathologic development of cardio-metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, atherosclerotic-related cardiovascular disease and hypertension. Notably, a subtype of dyslipidemia, metabolic related dyslipidemia, is now recognized as a vital link between obesity and multiple different cardiovascular diseases. This condition is characterized by increased low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) as well as decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in serum. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of metabolic related dyslipidemia and the potential mechanisms which lead to the pathogenesis of obesity/overweight. We focus on several novel lipid biomarkers such as pro-protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and their potential use as biomarkers of metabolic related dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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8
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Csizmadi I, Aronson WJ. Is body composition linked to prostate cancer survival? Nat Rev Urol 2021; 18:135-136. [PMID: 33442050 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-021-00427-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Csizmadi
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - William J Aronson
- Department of Urology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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9
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Di Bella CM, Howard LE, Oyekunle T, De Hoedt AM, Salama JK, Song H, Freedland SJ, Allott EH. Abdominal and pelvic adipose tissue distribution and risk of prostate cancer recurrence after radiation therapy. Prostate 2020; 80:1244-1252. [PMID: 32767683 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fat distribution varies between individuals of similar body mass index (BMI). We hypothesized that visceral obesity is more strongly associated with poor prostate cancer outcomes than overall obesity defined by BMI. MATERIALS AND METHODS We quantified abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat area (VFA and SFA), and pelvic periprostatic adipose tissue area (PPAT), using computed tomography scans from radiation-treated prostate cancer patients at the Durham North Carolina Veterans Administration Hospital. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression examined associations between each adiposity measure and risk of recurrence, overall and stratified by race and receipt of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). RESULTS Of 401 patients (59% black) treated from 2005 to 2011, 84 (21%) experienced recurrence during 9.3 years median follow-up. Overall, obesity defined by BMI was not associated with recurrence risk overall or stratified by race or ADT, nor was any measure of fat distribution related to the risk of recurrence overall or by race. However, higher VFA was associated with increased risk of recurrence in men who received radiation only (hazard ratio [HR], 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87-3.66), but inversely associated with recurrence risk in men treated with radiation and ADT (HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.24-1.03; P-interaction = .002), though neither association reached statistical significance. Similar patterns of ADT-stratified associations were observed for PPAT and SFA. CONCLUSIONS Associations between abdominal and pelvic adiposity measures and recurrence risk differed significantly by ADT receipt, with positive directions of association observed only in men not receiving ADT. If confirmed, our findings suggest that obesity may have varying effects on prostate cancer progression risk dependent on the hormonal state of the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Di Bella
- Division of Urology, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC
| | - Lauren E Howard
- Division of Urology, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Taofik Oyekunle
- Division of Urology, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Amanda M De Hoedt
- Division of Urology, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC
| | - Joseph K Salama
- Division of Urology, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC
| | - Haijun Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Division of Urology, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Emma H Allott
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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10
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Gwak J, Jeong H, Lee K, Shin JY, Sim T, Na J, Kim J, Ju BG. SFMBT2-Mediated Infiltration of Preadipocytes and TAMs in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2718. [PMID: 32971847 PMCID: PMC7565541 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Infiltration of diverse cell types into tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in cancer progression including metastasis. We previously reported that SFMBT2 (Scm-like with four mbt domains 2) regulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and migration and invasion of cancer cells in prostate cancer. Here we investigated whether the down-regulation of SFMBT2 regulates the infiltration of preadipocytes and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in prostate cancer. We found that the down-regulation of SFMBT2 promotes the infiltration of preadipocytes and TAMs through up-regulation of CXCL8, CCL2, CXCL10, and CCL20 expression in prostate cancer. Expression of CXCL8, CCL2, CXCL10, and CCL20 was also elevated in prostate cancer patients having a higher Gleason score (≥8), which had substantially lower SFMBT2 expression. We also found that the up-regulation of CXCL8, CCL2, CXCL10, and CCL20 expression is dependent on NF-κB activation in prostate cancer cells expressing a low level of SFMBT2. Moreover, increased IL-6 from infiltrated preadipocytes and TAMs promoted migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells expressing a low level of SFMBT2. Our study may suggest that SFMBT2 a critical regulator for the infiltration of preadipocytes and TAMs into the prostate tumor microenvironment. Thus, the regulation of SFMBT2 may provide a new therapeutic strategy to inhibit prostate cancer metastasis, and SFMBT2 could be used as a potential biomarker in prostate cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bong-Gun Ju
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea; (J.G.); (H.J.); (K.L.); (J.Y.S.); (T.S.); (J.N.); (J.K.)
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11
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Su X, Peng D. Emerging functions of adipokines in linking the development of obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7991-8006. [PMID: 32888125 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05732-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that obesity is the critical factor in shaping cardio-metabolic phenotypes. However, the pathogenic mechanisms remain incompletely clarified. According to the published reports, adipose tissue communicates with several diverse organs, such as heart, lungs, and kidneys through the secretion of various cytokines named adipokines. The adipocytes isolated from obese mice or humans are dysfunctional with aberrant production of pro-inflammatory adipokines, which subsequently induce both acute and chronic inflammatory reaction and facilitate the process of cardio-metabolic disorder complications. Furthermore, the microenvironment within adipose tissue under obese status also influence the secretion of adipokines. Recently, given that several important adipokines have been completely researched and causally involved in various diseases, we could make a conclusion that adipokines play an essential role in modulating the development of cardio-metabolic disorder diseases, whereas several novel adipokines continue to be explored and elucidated. In the present review, we summarized the current knowledge of the microenvironment of adipose tissue and the published mechanisms whereby adipocytes affects obesity and cardiovascular diseases. On the other hand, we also provide the evidence to elucidate the functions of adipokines in controlling and regulating the inflammatory reactions which contribute to obesity and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Daoquan Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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12
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Su X, Peng D. Adipokines as novel biomarkers of cardio-metabolic disorders. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 507:31-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Serum Omentin Levels in Patients with Prostate Cancer and Associations with Sex Steroids and Metabolic Syndrome. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041179. [PMID: 32326011 PMCID: PMC7230956 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms linking obesity and prostate cancer (PC) include increased insulin signaling, persistent inflammation, and altered adipocytokines secretion. Previous studies indicated that omentin may play a potential role in cancerogenesis of different sites, including the prostate. In this study, we focused on the hormonal and metabolic characteristics of men recruited for prostate biopsy. We evaluated serum concentrations of adipocytokines and sex steroids where concentrations are related to the adiposity: omentin, leptin, testosterone, estradiol, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the concentration of serum omentin in men with PC. We also investigated relationships between omentin, leptin, sex steroids, SHBG, age, and metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods: Our study was conducted on 72 patients with PC and 65 men with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Both groups were compared for body mass index. Results: Comparing men with PC to subjects with BPH there were significantly higher serum concentrations of omentin, estradiol, and prostate specific antigen (PSA) in the former. Estradiol/testosterone ratio, which is a marker of testosterone to estradiol conversion, was also significantly higher in the PC group. MS was diagnosed in 47 men with PC and in 30 men with BPH, the prevalence was significantly higher in the PC group. When the subjects with PC were subdivided into two subgroups, the serum omentin did not differ between those with MS and without MS. In the overall sample serum, omentin was positively associated with age, SHBG, and leptin. A positive correlation was also found between omentin and estradiol/testosterone ratio, and negatively with testosterone/SHBG ratio. Positive correlations were noted between age and SHBG, PSA and estradiol/testosterone ratio. In our study, a drop of total testosterone and testosterone/SHBG ratio, due to age, was also demonstrated. Conclusions: In patients with prostate cancer, serum omentin may be a diagnostic indicator. Omentin levels do not correlate with estradiol or testosterone concentrations but they are related to the testosterone/SHBG ratio. Omentin is not associated with an increased likelihood of having metabolic syndrome in men with prostate cancer.
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14
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Pre-treatment ratio of periprostatic to subcutaneous fat thickness on MRI is an independent survival predictor in hormone-naïve men with advanced prostate cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2019; 25:370-376. [PMID: 31617025 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-019-01559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have shown an association between obesity and prostate cancer (PCa) aggressiveness. However, little is known about periprostatic fat (PPF) and its relationship with overall fat deposition in PCa. PPF is thought to contribute to PCa growth and migration via secreted factors and induction of chronic inflammation. We investigated if pre-treatment PPF thickness correlates with overall survival (OS). METHODS We reviewed 85 hormone-naïve men with advanced PCa who had received androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). PPF thickness was measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and compared with subcutaneous fat (SCF) thickness as an internal control. Visceral fat (VF) area measured by computed tomography served as an additional control. We evaluated the relationship between laboratory data, pathology results, and obesity parameters and OS. RESULTS Median follow-up was 50.6 months. Thirty-six patients died during follow-up. Univariate analysis revealed that nadir PSA titer, Gleason score, N stage, M stage, extent of disease by bone scan grade, hemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and PPF/SCF ratio were associated with OS. Multivariate analysis revealed that nadir PSA titer, N stage, and PPF/SCF ratio were independent prognostic factors for survival. The 5-year OS in the patients with higher PPF/SCF ratio (≥ 1) and lower PPF/SCF ratio (< 1) was 49.5% and 66.5%, respectively (P = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS Pre-treatment ratio of PPF-to-SCF thickness on MRI is an independent predictor of survival in hormone-naïve men with advanced PCa. This could be useful for predicting which patients are more likely to develop castration-resistant PCa.
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15
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Sabol RA, Giacomelli P, Beighley A, Bunnell BA. Adipose Stem Cells and Cancer: Concise Review. Stem Cells 2019; 37:1261-1266. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.3050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Sabol
- Center for Stem Cell Research; Tulane University School of Medicine; New Orleans Louisiana USA
| | - Paulina Giacomelli
- Center for Stem Cell Research; Tulane University School of Medicine; New Orleans Louisiana USA
| | - Adam Beighley
- Center for Stem Cell Research; Tulane University School of Medicine; New Orleans Louisiana USA
| | - Bruce A. Bunnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research; Tulane University School of Medicine; New Orleans Louisiana USA
- Department of Pharmacology; Tulane University; New Orleans Louisiana USA
- Division of Regenerative Medicine; Tulane National Primate Research Center; Covington Louisiana USA
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16
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Gabriele C, Cantiello F, Nicastri A, Crocerossa F, Russo GI, Cicione A, Vartolomei MD, Ferro M, Morgia G, Lucarelli G, Cuda G, Damiano R, Gaspari M. High-throughput detection of low abundance sialylated glycoproteins in human serum by TiO 2 enrichment and targeted LC-MS/MS analysis: application to a prostate cancer sample set. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 411:755-763. [PMID: 30483857 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1497-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycopeptide enrichment can be a strategy to allow the detection of peptides belonging to low abundance proteins in complex matrixes such as blood serum or plasma. Though several glycopeptide enrichment protocols have shown excellent sensitivities in this respect, few reports have demonstrated the applicability of these methods to relatively large sample cohorts. In this work, a fast protocol based on TiO2 enrichment and highly sensitive mass spectrometric analysis by Selected Reaction Monitoring (SRM) has been applied to a cohort of serum samples from prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia patients in order to detect low abundance proteins in a single LC-MS/MS analysis in nanoscale format, without immunodepletion or peptide fractionation. A peptide library of over 700 formerly N-glycosylated peptides was created by data dependent analysis. Then, 16 medium to low abundance proteins were selected for detection by single injection LC-MS/MS based on selected-reaction monitoring. Results demonstrated the consistent detection of the low-level proteins under investigation. Following label-free quantification, four proteins (Adipocyte plasma membrane-associated protein, Periostin, Cathepsin D and Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2) were found significantly increased in prostate cancer sera compared to the control group. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Gabriele
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Campus "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Cantiello
- Urology Unit, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Campus "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Nicastri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Campus "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Fabio Crocerossa
- Urology Unit, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Campus "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giorgio Ivan Russo
- Urology Section, Department of Surgery, University of Catania, 95131, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Cicione
- Urology Unit, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Campus "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mihai D Vartolomei
- Department of Urology, European Institute of Oncology, 20141, Milan, Italy.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540139, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Matteo Ferro
- Department of Urology, European Institute of Oncology, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Morgia
- Urology Section, Department of Surgery, University of Catania, 95131, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lucarelli
- Urology, Andrology & Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency & Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70121, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cuda
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Campus "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Damiano
- Urology Unit, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Campus "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marco Gaspari
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Campus "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
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17
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Massillo C, Dalton GN, Porretti J, Scalise GD, Farré PL, Piccioni F, Secchiari F, Pascuali N, Clyne C, Gardner K, De Luca P, De Siervi A. CTBP1/CYP19A1/estradiol axis together with adipose tissue impacts over prostate cancer growth associated to metabolic syndrome. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:1115-1127. [PMID: 30152543 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MeS) increases prostate cancer (PCa) risk and aggressiveness. C-terminal binding protein 1 (CTBP1) is a transcriptional co-repressor of tumor suppressor genes that is activated by low NAD+ /NADH ratio. Previously, our group established a MeS and PCa mice model that identified CTBP1 as a novel link associating both diseases. We found that CTBP1 controls the transcription of aromatase (CYP19A1), a key enzyme that converts androgens to estrogens. The aim of this work was to investigate the mechanism that explains CTBP1 as a link between MeS and PCa based on CYP19A1 and estrogen synthesis regulation using PCa cell lines, MeS/PCa mice and adipose co-culture systems. We found that CTBP1 and E1A binding protein p300 (EP300) bind to CYP19A1 promoter and downregulate its expression in PC3 cells. Estradiol, through estrogen receptor beta, released CTBP1 from CYP19A1 promoter triggering its transcription and modulating PCa cell proliferation. We generated NSG and C57BL/6J MeS mice by chronically feeding animals with high fat diet. In the NSG model, CTBP1 depleted PCa xenografts showed an increase in CYP19A1 expression with subsequent increment in intratumor estradiol concentrations. Additionally, in C57BL/6J mice, MeS induced hypertrophy, hyperplasia and inflammation of the white adipose tissue, which leads to a proinflammatory phenotype and increased serum estradiol concentration. Thus, MeS increased PCa growth and Ctbp1, Fabp4 and IL-6 expression levels. These results describe, for the first time, a novel CTBP1/CYP19A1/Estradiol axis that explains, in part, the mechanism for prostate tumor growth increase by MeS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Massillo
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular y Nuevos Blancos Terapéuticos, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Nicolás Dalton
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular y Nuevos Blancos Terapéuticos, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juliana Porretti
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular y Nuevos Blancos Terapéuticos, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Georgina Daniela Scalise
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular y Nuevos Blancos Terapéuticos, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Lucía Farré
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular y Nuevos Blancos Terapéuticos, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Flavia Piccioni
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular y Nuevos Blancos Terapéuticos, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Secchiari
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Pascuali
- Laboratorio de Estudios de la Fisiopatología del Ovario, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Colin Clyne
- Cancer Drug Discovery Laboratory, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin Gardner
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Paola De Luca
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular y Nuevos Blancos Terapéuticos, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana De Siervi
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular y Nuevos Blancos Terapéuticos, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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18
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Klymenko Y, Nephew KP. Epigenetic Crosstalk between the Tumor Microenvironment and Ovarian Cancer Cells: A Therapeutic Road Less Traveled. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E295. [PMID: 30200265 PMCID: PMC6162502 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic dissemination of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) predominantly occurs through direct cell shedding from the primary tumor into the intra-abdominal cavity that is filled with malignant ascitic effusions. Facilitated by the fluid flow, cells distribute throughout the cavity, broadly seed and invade through peritoneal lining, and resume secondary tumor growth in abdominal and pelvic organs. At all steps of this unique metastatic process, cancer cells exist within a multidimensional tumor microenvironment consisting of intraperitoneally residing cancer-reprogramed fibroblasts, adipose, immune, mesenchymal stem, mesothelial, and vascular cells that exert miscellaneous bioactive molecules into malignant ascites and contribute to EOC progression and metastasis via distinct molecular mechanisms and epigenetic dysregulation. This review outlines basic epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNA regulators, and summarizes current knowledge on reciprocal interactions between each participant of the EOC cellular milieu and tumor cells in the context of aberrant epigenetic crosstalk. Promising research directions and potential therapeutic strategies that may encompass epigenetic tailoring as a component of complex EOC treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Klymenko
- Cell, Molecular and Cancer Biology Program, Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, USA.
| | - Kenneth P Nephew
- Cell, Molecular and Cancer Biology Program, Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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19
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Xu L, Shen M, Chen X, Zhu R, Yang DR, Tsai Y, Keng PC, Chen Y, Lee SO. Adipocytes affect castration-resistant prostate cancer cells to develop the resistance to cytotoxic action of NK cells with alterations of PD-L1/NKG2D ligand levels in tumor cells. Prostate 2018; 78:353-364. [PMID: 29330929 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity affects prostate cancer (PCa) progression, and the periprostatic adipose tissue adjacent to the prostate is considered a driving force of disease progression. Adipocytes are the main cell population in adipose tissues and their paracrine role contributes to PCa progression, however its implication in modulating immune reactions remains largely unknown. We investigated the adipocyte role in controlling the susceptibility of castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) cells to the cytotoxic action of natural killer (NK) cells. METHODS Using primary NK cells as the NK cell source, NK cell cytotoxicities to CRPC cells, either control media treated or adipocyte-conditioned media (CM) treated, were tested in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release-based assays. The levels of programmed death receptor ligand (PD-L1) and NK group 2D (NKG2D) ligands in adipocyte CM-treated CRPC cells were analyzed in qPCR analyses. Effects of blocking adipocyte action on altering PD-L1/NKG2D ligand levels and the susceptibility of CRPC cells to NK cell cytotoxicity were investigated. RESULTS We found NK cell cytotoxicity to CRPC cells decreases when tumor cells are treated with adipocyte CM associated with PD-L1 and NKG2D ligand level alterations. Further, we discovered that the JAK/Stat3 signaling pathway was responsible for the adipocyte CM effect. Two adipokine molecules, IL-6 and leptin, were shown to be important in activation of the JAK/Stat3 signaling in CRPC cells to modulate the PD-L1/NKG2D ligand level alteration. Adding the inhibitors of JAK/Stat3 signaling or neutralizing antibodies of IL-6 or leptin increased the susceptibility of CRPC cells to NK cell action. CONCLUSIONS Blocking the adipocyte effect by inhibiting the IL-6/leptin-JAK/Stat3 signaling axis may enhance NK cell mediated immunity to CRPC cells and this strategy may help to develop future therapeutics to treat obese PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
- Dep, artment of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Mingjing Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
- Dep, artment of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Rongying Zhu
- Dep, artment of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Rong Yang
- Dep, artment of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Ying Tsai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Peter C Keng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Yuhchyau Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Soo Ok Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
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20
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The combination of prostate imaging reporting and data system version 2 (PI-RADS v2) and periprostatic fat thickness on multi-parametric MRI to predict the presence of prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:44040-44049. [PMID: 28476042 PMCID: PMC5546460 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the auxiliary effectiveness of periprostatic fat thickness (PPFT) on multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) to Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2 (PI-RADS v2) in predicting the presence of prostate cancer (PCa) and high-grade prostate cancer (HGPCa, Gleason Score ≥ 7). RESULTS Overall, there were 371 patients (54.3%) with PCa and 292 patients (42.8%) with HGPCa. The mean value of PPFT was 4.04 mm. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, prostatic specific antigen (PSA), volume, PI-RADS score, and PPFT were independent predictors of PCa. All factors plus abnormal digital rectal exam were independent predictors of HGPCa. In addition, the PPFT was the independent predictor of PCa (Odds ratio [OR] 2.56, p = 0.004) and HGPCa (OR 2.70, p = 0.014) for subjects with PI-RADS grade 3. The present two nomograms based on multivariate analysis outperformed the single PI-RADS in aspects of predicting accuracy for PCa (area under the curve: 0.922 vs. 0.883, p = 0.029) and HGPCa (0.919 vs. 0.873, p = 0.007). Decision-curve analysis also indicated the favorable clinical utility of the present two nomograms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The clinical data of 683 patients who received transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy and prior mp-MRI were reviewed. PPFT was measured as the shortest perpendicular distance from the pubic symphysis to the prostate on MRI. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the independent predictors of PCa and HGPCa. We also constructed two nomograms for predicting PCa and HGPCa based on the logistic regression. CONCLUSION The PPFT on mp-MRI is an independent predictor of PCa and HGPCa, notably for patients with PI-RADS grade 3. The nomograms incorporated predictors of PPFT and PI-RADS demonstrated good predictive performance.
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21
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Boibessot C, Toren P. Sex steroids in the tumor microenvironment and prostate cancer progression. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:R179-R196. [PMID: 29317479 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is uniquely dependent on androgens. Despite years of research on the relationship between androgens and prostate cancer, many questions remain as to the biological effects of androgens and other sex steroids during prostate cancer progression. This article reviews the clinical and basic research on the influence of sex steroids such as androgens, estrogens and progesterone within the prostate tumor microenvironment on the progression of prostate cancer. We review clinical studies to date evaluating serum sex steroids as prognostic biomarkers and discuss their respective biological effects within the prostate tumor microenvironment. We also review the link between genomic alterations and sex steroid levels within prostate tumors. Finally, we highlight the links between sex steroid levels and the function of the immune system within the tumor microenvironment. As the context of treatment of lethal prostate cancer evolves over time, an understanding of this underlying biology remains central to developing optimal treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clovis Boibessot
- Department of SurgeryLaval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paul Toren
- Department of SurgeryLaval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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22
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Ding Q, Xia Y, Ding S, Lu P, Sun L, Liu M. An alternatively spliced variant of CXCR3 mediates the metastasis of CD133+ liver cancer cells induced by CXCL9. Oncotarget 2018; 7:14405-14. [PMID: 26883105 PMCID: PMC4924724 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis of liver cancer is closely linked to tumor microenvironment, in which chemokines and their receptors act in an important role. The CXCR3, the receptor of chemokine CXCL9, belongs to a superfamily of rhodopsin-like seven transmembrane GPCRs and CXCR subfamily. In HCC tissues, CXCR3 was frequently upregulated and correlated with tumor size, tumor differentiation, portal invasion and metastasis. In the study, CXCR3-A isoform that was bound by CXCL9 was found to cause significant change of ERK1/2 phosphorylation level in the MAPK signaling pathway, consequently upregulating the MMP2 and MMP9 expression and promoting invasion and metastasis of CD133+ liver cancer cells. Also, CXCR3-A suppressed the adhesion ability of CD133+ liver cancer cells that stimulated by CXCL9 for 24h. These findings suggest that CXCR3 and its ligand CXCL9 could promote the metastasis of liver cancer cells and might be a potential target for the intervention of liver cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yujia Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shuping Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Panpan Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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23
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Zhai L, Fan Y, Sun S, Wang H, Meng Y, Hu S, Wang X, Yu W, Jin J. PI-RADS v2 and periprostatic fat measured on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging can predict upgrading in radical prostatectomy pathology amongst patients with biopsy Gleason score 3 + 3 prostate cancer. Scand J Urol 2018; 52:333-339. [PMID: 30895901 DOI: 10.1080/21681805.2018.1545799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE An underestimated biopsy Gleason score 3 + 3 can result in unfounded optimism amongst patients and cause physicians to miss the window for prostate cancer (PCa) cure. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) version 2 as well as periprostatic fat (PPF) measured on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) at predicting pathological upgrading amongst patients with biopsy Gleason score 3 + 3 disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of 56 patients with biopsy Gleason score 6 PCa who underwent prebiopsy mp-MRI and radical prostatectomy (RP) between November 2013 and March 2018 was conducted. Two radiologists performed PI-RADS v2 score evaluation and different fat measurements on mp-MRI. The associations amongst clinical information, PI-RADS v2 score, different fat parameters and pathologic findings were analyzed. A nomogram predicting upgrading was established based on the results of logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 38 (67.9%) patients were upgraded to Gleason ≥7 disease on RP specimens. Prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) (p < .001), positive core (p < .001), single-core positivity (p = .039), PI-RADS score (p < .001), front PPF area (p = .007) and front-to-total ratio (the ratio of front PPF area to total contour area) (p < .001) were risk factors for upgrading. On multivariate analysis, Epstein criteria (p = .02), PI-RADS score >3 (p = .024), and front-to-total ratio (p = .006) were independent risk factors for pathologic upgrading. The AUC value of the nomogram was 0.893 (95% CI, 0.787-0.999). CONCLUSION The combination of PI-RADS v2 and periprostatic fat measured on mp-MRI can help predict pathologic upgrading amongst patients with biopsy Gleason score 3 + 3 PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Zhai
- a Department of Urology , Peking University First Hospital , Beijing , China.,b Institute of Urology , Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center , Beijing , China
| | - Yu Fan
- a Department of Urology , Peking University First Hospital , Beijing , China.,b Institute of Urology , Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center , Beijing , China
| | - Shaoshuai Sun
- c Department of Radiology , Peking University First Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Huihui Wang
- c Department of Radiology , Peking University First Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Yisen Meng
- a Department of Urology , Peking University First Hospital , Beijing , China.,b Institute of Urology , Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center , Beijing , China
| | - Shuai Hu
- d Department of Genitourinary Pathology , Peking University First Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- c Department of Radiology , Peking University First Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Wei Yu
- a Department of Urology , Peking University First Hospital , Beijing , China.,b Institute of Urology , Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center , Beijing , China
| | - Jie Jin
- a Department of Urology , Peking University First Hospital , Beijing , China.,b Institute of Urology , Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center , Beijing , China
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24
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Abstract
Solid tumor growth and metastasis require the interaction of tumor cells with the surrounding tissue, leading to a view of tumors as tissue-level phenomena rather than exclusively cell-intrinsic anomalies. Due to the ubiquitous nature of adipose tissue, many types of solid tumors grow in proximate or direct contact with adipocytes and adipose-associated stromal and vascular components, such as fibroblasts and other connective tissue cells, stem and progenitor cells, endothelial cells, innate and adaptive immune cells, and extracellular signaling and matrix components. Excess adiposity in obesity both increases risk of cancer development and negatively influences prognosis in several cancer types, in part due to interaction with adipose tissue cell populations. Herein, we review the cellular and noncellular constituents of the adipose "organ," and discuss the mechanisms by which these varied microenvironmental components contribute to tumor development, with special emphasis on obesity. Due to the prevalence of breast and prostate cancers in the United States, their close anatomical proximity to adipose tissue depots, and their complex epidemiologic associations with obesity, we particularly highlight research addressing the contribution of adipose tissue to the initiation and progression of these cancer types. Obesity dramatically modifies the adipose tissue microenvironment in numerous ways, including induction of fibrosis and angiogenesis, increased stem cell abundance, and expansion of proinflammatory immune cells. As many of these changes also resemble shifts observed within the tumor microenvironment, proximity to adipose tissue may present a hospitable environment to developing tumors, providing a critical link between adiposity and tumorigenesis. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:237-282, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa J. Cozzo
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ashley M. Fuller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Liza Makowski
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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25
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Taussky D, Barkati M, Campeau S, Zerouali K, Nadiri A, Saad F, Delouya G. Changes in periprostatic adipose tissue induced by 5α-reductase inhibitors. Andrology 2017; 5:511-515. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Taussky
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Hôpital Notre-Dame; Montréal QC Canada
- CRCHUM-Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Montréal QC Canada
| | - M. Barkati
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Hôpital Notre-Dame; Montréal QC Canada
- CRCHUM-Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Montréal QC Canada
| | - S. Campeau
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Hôpital Notre-Dame; Montréal QC Canada
| | - K. Zerouali
- Department of Physics; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Montréal QC Canada
| | - A. Nadiri
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Hôpital Notre-Dame; Montréal QC Canada
- CRCHUM-Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Montréal QC Canada
| | - F. Saad
- CRCHUM-Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Montréal QC Canada
- Section of Urology; Department of Surgery; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Montréal QC Canada
| | - G. Delouya
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Hôpital Notre-Dame; Montréal QC Canada
- CRCHUM-Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; Montréal QC Canada
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26
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Gu C, Qu Y, Zhang G, Sun L, Zhu Y, Ye D. A single nucleotide polymorphism in ADIPOQ predicts biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy in localized prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:32205-11. [PMID: 26320190 PMCID: PMC4741670 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin has been implicated in prostate cancer (PCa) aggressiveness. However, the role of genetic variations in the adiponectin (ADIPOQ) gene in PCa progression remains unknown. To determine whether genetic variants in ADIPOQ are associated with the risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP). We evaluated three common ADIPOQ polymorphisms in 728 men with clinically localized PCa who underwent RP. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan–Meier analysis were used to assess their prognostic significance on BCR. The plasma adiponectin concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ADIPOQ rs182052 variant allele was associated with both increased risk of BCR [HR: 2.44; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.57–3.79, P = 6×10−5] and decreased adiponectin level (β = −0.048, P = 0.004). Stratified analyses demonstrated that the association was more pronounced in men with higher visceral adipose tissue. Our data support that the ADIPOQ rs182052 SNP may be a predictive biomarker for BCR after RP by a possible mechanism of altering the adiponectin level. If validated, genetic predictors of outcome may help individualizing treatment for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Gu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guiming Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - LiJiang Sun
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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27
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Datta D, Aftabuddin M, Gupta DK, Raha S, Sen P. Human Prostate Cancer Hallmarks Map. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30691. [PMID: 27476486 PMCID: PMC4967902 DOI: 10.1038/srep30691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human prostate cancer is a complex heterogeneous disease that mainly affects elder male population of the western world with a high rate of mortality. Acquisitions of diverse sets of hallmark capabilities along with an aberrant functioning of androgen receptor signaling are the central driving forces behind prostatic tumorigenesis and its transition into metastatic castration resistant disease. These hallmark capabilities arise due to an intense orchestration of several crucial factors, including deregulation of vital cell physiological processes, inactivation of tumor suppressive activity and disruption of prostate gland specific cellular homeostasis. The molecular complexity and redundancy of oncoproteins signaling in prostate cancer demands for concurrent inhibition of multiple hallmark associated pathways. By an extensive manual curation of the published biomedical literature, we have developed Human Prostate Cancer Hallmarks Map (HPCHM), an onco-functional atlas of human prostate cancer associated signaling and events. It explores molecular architecture of prostate cancer signaling at various levels, namely key protein components, molecular connectivity map, oncogenic signaling pathway map, pathway based functional connectivity map etc. Here, we briefly represent the systems level understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with prostate tumorigenesis by considering each and individual molecular and cell biological events of this disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipamoy Datta
- Department of Biotechnology, Siksha Bhavana, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Md Aftabuddin
- Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, Salt Lake, Sector-I, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Gupta
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474011, India
| | - Sanghamitra Raha
- Department of Biotechnology, Siksha Bhavana, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Prosenjit Sen
- Biological Chemistry Division, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
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28
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Periprostatic fat thickness on MRI: correlation with Gleason score in prostate cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2015; 204:W43-7. [PMID: 25539273 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.14.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the relationship between periprostatic fat thickness on MRI and Gleason score of prostate cancer using radical prostatectomy as the reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 190 patients (mean age [± SD], 66.9 ± 7.0 years) who underwent MRI before radical prostatectomy. Two radiologists measured the subcutaneous and periprostatic fat thickness on midsagittal T2-weighted MR images as the shortest perpendicular distance from the pubic symphysis to the skin and prostate, respectively. Subcutaneous and periprostatic fat along with age, height, weight, body mass index, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were correlated with Gleason score by using Pearson (r) or Spearman (ρ) correlation coefficients and compared between low- (Gleason score = 6) and high- (≥ 7) grade prostate cancer by using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The mean subcutaneous and periprostatic fat thicknesses were 24.0 ± 8.4 mm and 5.0 ± 2.0 mm, respectively. The Gleason score was significantly correlated with age (ρ = 0.181, p = 0.012), PSA (ρ = 0.345, p < 0.001), and periprostatic fat thickness (ρ = 0.228, p = 0.002). Multivariate analysis revealed that age, height, PSA level, and periprostatic fat thickness (odds ratio, 1.331; 95% CI, 1.063-1.666) were independently predictive of high-grade (p ≤ 0.013) disease. CONCLUSION Periprostatic fat thickness on MRI showed a mild to modest but significant correlation with Gleason score of prostate cancer with radical prostatectomy as the reference standard and was an independent predictive factor for high-grade prostate cancer.
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29
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Den Hollander PP, Rademakers KLJ, van Roermund JGH. Is periprostatic adipose tissue associated with aggressive tumor biology in prostate cancer? World J Clin Urol 2014; 3:320-324. [DOI: 10.5410/wjcu.v3.i3.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity and their health-related problems have been increasing. Obesity is increasingly recognized as a risk factor in different types of cancer in humans. The mechanisms supporting the link between obesity and cancer development have not been fully understood. Leptin, a circulating cytokine produced by adipocytes, may influence prostate cancer (PCa) progression in different ways. Body mass index seems to be an unreliable predictor for the development of PCa, but its influence on progression and poor oncological outcomes seems to be clear. Given the fact that abdominal fat is the most metabolically active fat, with different metabolic and paracrine effects, related anthropometric measurements may lead to a better estimation of PCa risk. Metabolically active periprostatic abdominal fat may also play an important role in releasing cytokines and growth factors that may promote tumor cell proliferation or even create a favorable environment for aggressive tumor biology. Different imaging measurements, e.g., periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) thickness, may be significant predictors of PCa. Several genes in the PPAT of obese men have been identified to contribute to chronic immuno-inflammatory responses which eventually lead to cell cycle alteration with oncological potential. In vitro studies showed the importance of PCa and its interaction with its microenvironment particularly in patients with aggressive PCa. Different types of cytokines, such as interleukin-6, may promote a tumorigenic microenvironment. This article endeavors to review the current literature on the association of PPAT with aggressive tumor biology in PCa.
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30
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Allott EH, Howard LE, Song HJ, Sourbeer KN, Koontz BF, Salama JK, Freedland SJ. Racial differences in adipose tissue distribution and risk of aggressive prostate cancer among men undergoing radiotherapy. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:2404-12. [PMID: 25146088 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although elevated body mass index (BMI) has been associated with increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer, the importance of adipose tissue distribution is not well understood. We examined associations between overall and visceral obesity and aggressive prostate cancer risk. Moreover, given racial differences in adipose tissue distribution, we examined whether race modified these associations. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 308 radiotherapy-treated patients with prostate cancer within the Durham VA from 2005 to 2011. Multivariable logistic regression examined the association between BMI categories and tertiles of waist circumference (WC), visceral fat area (VFA), and periprostatic adipose tissue area (PPAT) with high-grade prostate cancer risk (Gleason score ≥7 vs. ≤6). Models stratified by race examined whether these associations differed between black and nonblack men. RESULTS Both elevated BMI (Ptrend = 0.054) and WC (Ptrend = 0.040) were associated with increased high-grade prostate cancer risk, with similar results between races, although the association with BMI was not statistically significant. In contrast, elevated VFA was associated with increased aggressive prostate cancer risk in black men (Ptrend = 0.002) but not nonblack men (Ptrend = 0.831), with a significant interaction between race and VFA (Pinteraction = 0.035). Though similar patterns were observed for PPAT, none was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Among men undergoing radiotherapy for prostate cancer, visceral obesity is associated with increased aggressive prostate cancer risk, particularly among black men. If confirmed in future studies, these results suggest that adipose tissue distribution differences may contribute to prostate cancer racial disparity. IMPACT These findings highlight the need to elucidate mechanisms contributing to racial differences in the association between visceral obesity and aggressive prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma H Allott
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina. Cancer Prevention, Detection and Control Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina. Division of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center Durham, North Carolina. Departments of
| | - Lauren E Howard
- Division of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center Durham, North Carolina. Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics and
| | - Hai-Jun Song
- Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina. Department of Radiation Oncology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center Durham, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Katharine N Sourbeer
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina. Division of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center Durham, North Carolina. Departments of
| | - Bridget F Koontz
- Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joseph K Salama
- Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina. Department of Radiation Oncology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center Durham, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina. Division of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center Durham, North Carolina. Departments of Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
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