1
|
Abstract
ALDHbright cells in human tumor cells lines, xenografts and lesions have been shown to have characteristics of cancer stem cells (CSC). We have shown that these cells are recognized by ALDH1A1-specific CD8+ T cells in vitro and in vivo. The results support the potential of ALDH1A1-based immunotherapy to target CSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert B Deleo
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and Department of Pathology; School of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, PA USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Activation and propagation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from malignant pleural effusion and ascites with engineered cells for costimulatory enhancement. Cell Immunol 2018; 331:1-8. [PMID: 29903664 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) of autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has shown an effect on mediating tumor regression in some patients with highly advanced, refractory metastatic malignancy. Here, the in vitro generation of TILs isolated from malignant pleural effusion and ascites was compared with which using engineered cells for costimulatory enhancement (ECCE) and 3 common γ-chain cytokines, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-7, and IL-15, alone or in combination. We showed the robust clinical-scale production of TILs with a less differentiated 'young' phenotype by expansion in the presence of ECCE combined with IL-2/7/15. Furthermore, a major fraction of the TILs generated in this fashion was shown to produce much more IFN-γ and TNF-α, and displayed cytolytic activity against target cells expressing the relevant antigens. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the combination of ECCE and IL-2/7/15 has been applied for the generation of TILs isolated from malignant pleural effusion and ascites.
Collapse
|
3
|
Shao J, Xu Q, Su S, Meng F, Zou Z, Chen F, Du J, Qian X, Liu B. Engineered cells for costimulatory enhancement combined with IL-21 enhance the generation of PD-1-disrupted CTLs for adoptive immunotherapy. Cell Immunol 2017; 320:38-45. [PMID: 28935250 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Blockade of the immune cell checkpoint inhibitors programmed death 1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has become a powerful tool in cancer treatment, which is effective across various solid cancer types and hematologic malignancies. Our previous studies showed that by reducing immune tolerance, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) modified cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) rank highly in terms of immune responses and cytotoxicity. In this study, a genetically modified K562 cell line with surface expression of 4-1BBL was developed to expand PD-1-disrupted CTLs in vitro for further adoptive immunotherapy against cancer. Our findings demonstrate that after a long-term, up to 28days, engineered cells for costimulatory enhancement (ECCE) combined with IL-21 promote the expansion of PD-1-disrupted CTLs with a less differentiated "young" phenotype, enhanced immune response and superior cytotoxic effector characteristics. These new in vitro conditions represent a nimble and cost-effective approach to developing PD-1-disrupted CTLs with improved therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shao
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qiuping Xu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Shu Su
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Fanyan Meng
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhengyun Zou
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Fangjun Chen
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Juan Du
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiaoping Qian
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Baorui Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Co-Expansion of Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells and Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells for CAR T-Cell Therapy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161820. [PMID: 27598655 PMCID: PMC5012695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma delta (γδ) T cells and cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells, which are a heterogeneous population of T lymphocytes and natural killer T (NKT) cells, have been separately expanded ex vivo and shown to be capable of targeting and mediating cytotoxicity against various tumor cells in a major histocompatibility complex-unrestricted manner. However, the co-expansion and co-administration of these immune cells have not been explored. In this study we describe an efficient method to expand simultaneously both CIK and Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, termed as CIKZ cells, from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using Zometa, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin 2 (IL-2), anti-CD3 antibody and engineered K562 feeder cells expressing CD64, CD137L and CD86. A 21-day culture of PBMCs with this method yielded nearly 20,000-fold expansion of CIKZ cells with γδ T cells making up over 20% of the expanded population. The expanded CIKZ cells exhibited antitumor cytotoxicity and could be modified to express anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), anti-CEA CAR, and anti-HER2 CAR to enhance their specificity and cytotoxicity against CD19-, CEA-, or HER2-positive tumor cells. The tumor inhibitory activity of anti-CD19 CAR-modified CIKZ cells was further demonstrated in vivo in a Raji tumor mouse model. The findings herein substantiate the feasibility of co-expanding CIK and γδ cells for adoptive cellular immunotherapy applications such as CAR T-cell therapy against cancer.
Collapse
|
5
|
Augmented CD3+CD8+ and CD3+CD56− cells in cytokine-induced killer cells cultured with engineered cells for costimulatory enhancement from heavily pretreated patients with solid tumor. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:581-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
6
|
Cho HW, Kim SY, Sohn DH, Lee MJ, Park MY, Sohn HJ, Cho HI, Kim TG. Triple costimulation via CD80, 4-1BB, and CD83 ligand elicits the long-term growth of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in low levels of IL-2. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 99:521-9. [PMID: 26561569 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1hi0814-409rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human γδ T cells play important roles in the regulation of infection and cancer. To understand the roles of costimulatory signals in activation and expansion ex vivo, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells were grown with artificial APCs that express CD83, 4-1BB ligand, and/or CD32, which allowed a loading of αCD3 and αCD28 antibodies. The costimulatory signals through CD80, 4-1BB, and CD83 ligand in low levels of IL-2 triggered an explosive ex vivo proliferation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells capable of secreting high levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. Moreover, the triple-costimulatory signals cause augmented cell viabilities for long-term growth of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, resulting in phenotypic changes to CD27(-)CD45RA(+) effector memory-like cells. Notably, we observed that CD83 ligand signaling is crucial to promote ex vivo expansion, survival, and cytolytic effector functions of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. In contrast, 4-1BB signaling is moderately important in up-regulating surface molecules on Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Consequently, γδ T cells stimulated in the presence of triple-costimulatory signals have diverse cytolytic effector molecules, including perforin, granzyme A, granzyme B, and Fas ligand, eliciting potent cytolytic activities against tumor cells. Overall, our results provide insights into the roles of costimulatory signals in manufacturing long-lived and fully functional Vγ9Vδ2 T cells that could be useful against cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Woo Cho
- *Department of Microbiology, Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, and Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Kim
- *Department of Microbiology, Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, and Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae-Hee Sohn
- *Department of Microbiology, Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, and Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Ji Lee
- *Department of Microbiology, Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, and Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-Young Park
- *Department of Microbiology, Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, and Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Sohn
- *Department of Microbiology, Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, and Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Il Cho
- *Department of Microbiology, Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, and Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tai-Gyu Kim
- *Department of Microbiology, Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, and Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
van den Hout MFCM, Sluijter BJR, Santegoets SJAM, van Leeuwen PAM, van den Tol MP, van den Eertwegh AJM, Scheper RJ, de Gruijl TD. Local delivery of CpG-B and GM-CSF induces concerted activation of effector and regulatory T cells in the human melanoma sentinel lymph node. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:405-15. [PMID: 26935057 PMCID: PMC4826413 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1811-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Impaired immune effector functions in the melanoma sentinel lymph node (SLN) may allow for early metastatic events. In an effort to determine the optimal way to strengthen immune defenses, 28 clinical stage I-II melanoma patients were randomized in a 3-arm Phase II study to receive, prior to excision and sampling of the SLN, i.d. injections of saline or low-dose CpG-B (CpG), alone or combined with GM-CSF (GM), around the melanoma excision site. We previously described the combined administration of these DC-targeting agents to result in activation and recruitment of potentially cross-presenting BDCA3(+) DCs to the SLN. In this report we describe the effects on effector and regulatory T and NK cell subsets. Local low-dose CpG administration resulted in lower CD4/CD8 ratios, Th1 skewing, increased frequencies of melanoma-specific CD8(+) T cells and possible recruitment of effector NK cells, irrespective of GM co-administration. These immune-potentiating effects were counterbalanced by increased IL-10 production by T cells and significantly higher levels of FoxP3 and CTLA4 in regulatory T cells (Tregs) with correspondingly higher suppressive activity in the SLN. Notably, CpG ± GM-administered patients showed significantly lower numbers of SLN metastases (saline: 4/9, CpG + GM: 1/9, CpG: 0/10, p = 0.04). These findings indicate that i.d. delivery of low-dose CpG ± GM potentially arms the SLN of early-stage melanoma patients against metastatic spread, but that antitumor efficacy may be further boosted by counteracting the collateral activation of Tregs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mari F C M van den Hout
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit (VU) University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Berbel J R Sluijter
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit (VU) University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia J A M Santegoets
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit (VU) University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Room CCA 2.44, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul A M van Leeuwen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit (VU) University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Petrousjka van den Tol
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit (VU) University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alfons J M van den Eertwegh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit (VU) University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Room CCA 2.44, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rik J Scheper
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit (VU) University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit (VU) University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Room CCA 2.44, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Perica K, Kosmides AK, Schneck JP. Linking form to function: Biophysical aspects of artificial antigen presenting cell design. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2015; 1853:781-90. [PMID: 25200637 PMCID: PMC4344884 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPCs) are engineered platforms for T cell activation and expansion, synthesized by coupling T cell activating proteins to the surface of cell lines or biocompatible particles. They can serve both as model systems to study the basic aspects of T cell signaling and translationally as novel approaches for either active or adoptive immunotherapy. Historically, these reductionist systems have not been designed to mimic the temporally and spatially complex interactions observed during endogenous T cell-APC contact, which include receptor organization at both micro- and nanoscales and dynamic changes in cell and membrane morphologies. Here, we review how particle size and shape, as well as heterogenous distribution of T cell activating proteins on the particle surface, are critical aspects of aAPC design. In doing so, we demonstrate how insights derived from endogenous T cell activation can be applied to optimize aAPC, and in turn how aAPC platforms can be used to better understand endogenous T cell stimulation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Nanoscale membrane organisation and signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karlo Perica
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute of Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alyssa K Kosmides
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute of Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan P Schneck
- Institute of Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tanimoto K, Muranski P, Miner S, Fujiwara H, Kajigaya S, Keyvanfar K, Hensel N, Barrett AJ, Melenhorst JJ. Genetically engineered fixed K562 cells: potent "off-the-shelf" antigen-presenting cells for generating virus-specific T cells. Cytotherapy 2013; 16:135-46. [PMID: 24176543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS The human leukemia cell line K562 represents an attractive platform for creating artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPC). It is readily expandable, does not express human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II and can be stably transduced with various genes. METHODS In order to generate cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigen-specific T cells for adoptive immunotherapy, we transduced K562 with HLA-A∗0201 in combination with co-stimulatory molecules. RESULTS In preliminary experiments, irradiated K562 expressing HLA-A∗0201 and 4-1BBL pulsed with CMV pp65 and IE-1 peptide libraries failed to elicit antigen-specific CD8⁺ T cells in HLA-A∗0201⁺ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or isolated T cells. Both wild-type K562 and aAPC strongly inhibited T cell proliferation to the bacterial superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and OKT3 and in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Transwell experiments suggested that suppression was mediated by a soluble factor; however, MLR inhibition was not reversed using transforming growth factor-β blocking antibody or prostaglandin E2 inhibitors. Full abrogation of the suppressive activity of K562 on MLR, SEB and OKT3 stimulation was only achieved by brief fixation with 0.1% formaldehyde. Fixed, pp65 and IE-1 peptide-loaded aAPC induced robust expansion of CMV-specific T cells. CONCLUSIONS Fixed gene-modified K562 can serve as effective aAPC to expand CMV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes for therapeutic use in patients after stem cell transplantation. Our findings have implications for broader understanding of the immune evasion mechanisms used by leukemia and other tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Tanimoto
- Stem Cell Allogeneic Transplantation Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | - Pawel Muranski
- Stem Cell Allogeneic Transplantation Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Samantha Miner
- Stem Cell Allogeneic Transplantation Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hiroshi Fujiwara
- Department of Bioregulatory Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kajigaya
- Stem Cell Allogeneic Transplantation Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Stem Cell Allogeneic Transplantation Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nancy Hensel
- Stem Cell Allogeneic Transplantation Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - A John Barrett
- Stem Cell Allogeneic Transplantation Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - J Joseph Melenhorst
- Stem Cell Allogeneic Transplantation Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chacon JA, Pilon-Thomas S, Sarnaik AA, Radvanyi LG. Continuous 4-1BB co-stimulatory signals for the optimal expansion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes for adoptive T-cell therapy. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e25581. [PMID: 24319633 PMCID: PMC3850170 DOI: 10.4161/onci.25581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-stimulation through members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family appears to be critical for the generation of T cells with optimal effector-memory properties for adoptive cell therapy. Our work suggests that continuous 4–1BB/CD137 co-stimulation is required for the expansion of T cells with an optimal therapeutic profile and that the administration of 4–1BB agonists upon adoptive cell transfer further improves antitumor T-cell functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ann Chacon
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA ; The Immunology Program of the University of Texas Health Science Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chacon JA, Wu RC, Sukhumalchandra P, Molldrem JJ, Sarnaik A, Pilon-Thomas S, Weber J, Hwu P, Radvanyi L. Co-stimulation through 4-1BB/CD137 improves the expansion and function of CD8(+) melanoma tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes for adoptive T-cell therapy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60031. [PMID: 23560068 PMCID: PMC3613355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive T-cell therapy (ACT) using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) can induce tumor regression in up to 50% or more of patients with unresectable metastatic melanoma. However, current methods to expand melanoma TIL, especially the “rapid expansion protocol” (REP) were not designed to enhance the generation of optimal effector-memory CD8+ T cells for infusion. One approach to this problem is to manipulate specific co-stimulatory signaling pathways to enhance CD8+ effector-memory T-cell expansion. In this study, we determined the effects of activating the TNF-R family member 4-1BB/CD137, specifically induced in activated CD8+ T cells, on the yield, phenotype, and functional activity of expanded CD8+ T cells during the REP. We found that CD8+ TIL up-regulate 4-1BB expression early during the REP after initial TCR stimulation, but neither the PBMC feeder cells in the REP or the activated TIL expressed 4-1BB ligand. However, addition of an exogenous agonistic anti-4-1BB IgG4 (BMS 663513) to the REP significantly enhanced the frequency and total yield of CD8+ T cells as well as their maintenance of CD28 and increased their anti-tumor CTL activity. Gene expression analysis found an increase in bcl-2 and survivin expression induced by 4-1BB that was associated with an enhanced survival capability of CD8+ post-REP TIL when re-cultured in the absence or presence of cytokines. Our findings suggest that adding an agonistic anti-4-1BB antibody during the time of TIL REP initiation produces a CD8+ T cell population capable of improved effector function and survival. This may greatly improve TIL persistence and anti-tumor activity in vivo after adoptive transfer into patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ann Chacon
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The Immunology Program of the University of Texas Health Science Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Richard C. Wu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The Immunology Program of the University of Texas Health Science Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Pariya Sukhumalchandra
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey J. Molldrem
- The Immunology Program of the University of Texas Health Science Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Amod Sarnaik
- Donald A. Adam Comprehensive Melanoma Research Center, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Shari Pilon-Thomas
- Donald A. Adam Comprehensive Melanoma Research Center, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Weber
- Donald A. Adam Comprehensive Melanoma Research Center, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The Immunology Program of the University of Texas Health Science Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Laszlo Radvanyi
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The Immunology Program of the University of Texas Health Science Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Santegoets SJAM, Turksma AW, Suhoski MM, Stam AGM, Albelda SM, Hooijberg E, Scheper RJ, van den Eertwegh AJM, Gerritsen WR, Powell DJ, June CH, de Gruijl TD. IL-21 promotes the expansion of CD27+ CD28+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes with high cytotoxic potential and low collateral expansion of regulatory T cells. J Transl Med 2013; 11:37. [PMID: 23402380 PMCID: PMC3626797 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adoptive cell transfer of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes has shown clinical efficacy in the treatment of melanoma and is now also being explored in other tumor types. Generation of sufficient numbers of effector T cells requires extensive ex vivo expansion, often at the cost of T cell differentiation and potency. For the past 20 years, IL-2 has been the key cytokine applied in the expansion of TIL for ACT. However, the use of IL-2 has also led to collateral expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and progressive T cell differentiation, factors known to limit in vivo persistence and activity of transferred TIL. The use of alternative T cell growth factors is therefore warranted. Here, we have compared the effects of IL-2, -15 and −21 cytokines on the expansion and activation of TIL from single-cell suspensions of non-small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer and melanoma. Methods We applied the K562-based artificial APC (aAPC) platform for the direct and rapid expansion of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes isolated from primary cancer specimens. These aAPC were engineered to express the Fc-γ receptor CD32 (for anti-CD3 antibody binding), the co-stimulatory molecule 4-1BBL, and to secrete either IL-2, IL-15 or IL-21 cytokine. Results Although IL-2 aAPC induced the greatest overall TIL expansion, IL-21 aAPC induced superior expansion of CD8+ T cells with a CD27+CD28+ “young” phenotype and superior functional cytotoxic effector characteristics, without collateral expansion of Tregs. Conclusion Our data rationalize the clinical application of IL-21-secreting aAPC as a standardized cell-based platform in the expansion of “young” effector TIL for ACT.
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
4-1BB (CD137), a member of the TNF receptor superfamily, is an activation-induced T-cell costimulatory molecule. Signaling via 4-1BB upregulates survival genes, enhances cell division, induces cytokine production, and prevents activation-induced cell death in T cells. The importance of the 4-1BB pathway has been underscored in a number of diseases, including cancer. Growing evidence indicates that anti-4-1BB monoclonal antibodies possess strong antitumor properties, which in turn are the result of their powerful CD8+ T-cell activating, IFN-γ producing, and cytolytic marker-inducing capabilities. In addition, combination therapy of anti-4-1BB with other anticancer agents, such as radiation, has robust tumor-regressing abilities against nonimmunogenic or poorly immunogenic tumors. Furthermore, the adoptive transfer of ex vivo anti-4-1BB-activated CD8+ T cells from previously tumor-treated animals efficiently inhibits progression of tumors in recipient mice that have been inoculated with fresh tumors. In addition, targeting of tumors with variants of 4-1BBL directed against 4-1BB also have potent antitumor effects. Currently, a humanized anti-4-1BB is in clinical trials in patients with solid tumors, including melanoma, renal carcinoma, and ovarian cancer, and so far seems to have a favorable toxicity profile. In this review, we discuss the basis of the therapeutic potential of targeting the 4-1BB-4-1BBL pathway in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dass S Vinay
- Section of Clinical Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
The discovery of the CpG motif in 1995 led to a change in the perception of the immune stimulatory effects of oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) from an unwanted nonspecific effect to a highly evolved immune defense that can be selectively triggered for a wide range of therapeutic applications. Over the last decade dozens of human clinical trials have been conducted with different CpG ODN in thousands of humans for applications ranging from vaccine adjuvant to immunotherapies for allergy, cancer, and infectious diseases. Along with many positive results have come some failures showing the limitations of several therapeutic approaches. This review summarizes these results to provide an overview of the clinical development of CpG ODN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur M Krieg
- RaNA Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Augmented lymphocyte expansion from solid tumors with engineered cells for costimulatory enhancement. J Immunother 2012; 34:651-61. [PMID: 21989413 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0b013e31823284c3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of patients with adoptive T-cell therapy requires expansion of unique tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) cultures from single-cell suspensions processed from melanoma biopsies. Strategies which increase the expansion and reliability of TIL generation from tumor digests are necessary to improve access to TIL therapy. Previous studies have evaluated artificial antigen presenting cells for their antigen-specific and costimulatory properties. We investigated engineered cells for costimulatory enhancement (ECCE) consisting of K562 cells that express 4-1BBL in the absence of artificial antigen stimulation. ECCE accelerated TIL expansion and significantly improved TIL numbers (P=0.001) from single-cell melanoma suspensions. TIL generated with ECCE contain significantly more CD8CD62L and CD8CD27 T cells then comparable interleukin-2-expanded TIL and maintained antitumor reactivity. Moreover, ECCE improved TIL expansion from nonmelanoma-cell suspensions similar to that seen with melanoma tumors. These data demonstrate that the addition of ECCE to TIL production will enable the treatment of patients that are ineligible using current methods.
Collapse
|
16
|
Visus C, Wang Y, Lozano-Leon A, Ferris RL, Silver S, Szczepanski MJ, Brand RE, Ferrone CR, Whiteside TL, Ferrone S, DeLeo AB, Wang X. Targeting ALDH(bright) human carcinoma-initiating cells with ALDH1A1-specific CD8⁺ T cells. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:6174-84. [PMID: 21856769 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer-initiating cells (CIC) are considered to represent the subpopulation of tumor cells that is resistant to conventional cancer treatments, highly tumorigenic in immunodeficient mice, and responsible for tumor recurrence and metastasis. Based on an elevated aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity attributable to ALDH1/3 isoforms, ALDH(bright) cells have been identified and isolated from tumors and shown to have characteristics of CIC. The ALDH1A1 isoform was previously identified as a tumor antigen recognized by CD8(+) T cells. This study examines the ability of ALDH1A1-specific CD8(+) T cells to eliminate ALDH(bright) cells and control tumor growth and metastases. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN ALDH(bright) cells were isolated by flow cytometry using ALDEFLUOR from HLA-A2(+) human head and neck, breast, and pancreas carcinoma cell lines and tested for their tumorigenicity in immunodeficient mice. ALDH1A1-specific CD8(+) T cells were generated in vitro and tested for their ability to eliminate CICs in vitro and in vivo by adoptive transfer to immunodeficient mice bearing human tumor xenografts. RESULTS ALDH(bright) cells isolated by flow cytometry from HLA-A2(+) breast, head and neck, and pancreas carcinoma cell lines at low numbers (500 cells) were tumorigenic in immunodeficient mice. ALDH(bright) cells present in these cell lines, xenografts, or surgically removed lesions were recognized by ALDH1A1-specific CD8(+) T cells in vitro. Adoptive therapy with ALDH1A1-specific CD8(+) T cells eliminated ALDH(bright) cells, inhibited tumor growth and metastases, or prolonged survival of xenograft-bearing immunodeficient mice. CONCLUSIONS The results of this translational study strongly support the potential of ALDH1A1-based immunotherapy to selectively target CICs in human cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Visus
- Division of Basic Research, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Weng X, Kuang Y, Liu X, Chen Z, Zhu H, Chen H, Jiang B, Shen H. Construction of a recombinant adenovirus co-expressing truncated human prostate-specific membrane antigen and mouse 4-1BBL genes and its effect on dendritic cells. Braz J Med Biol Res 2011; 44:186-92. [PMID: 21243315 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2011007500002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to construct a recombinant adenovirus co-expressing truncated human prostate-specific membrane antigen (tPSMA) and mouse 4-1BBL genes and to determine its effect on dendritic cells (DCs) generated from bone marrow suspensions harvested from C57BL/6 mice for which the effect of 4-1BBL on DCs is not clear, especially during DCs processing tumor-associated antigen. Replication deficient adenovirus AdMax™ Expression System was used to construct recombinant adenovirus Ad-tPSMA-internal ribosome entry site-mouse 4-1BBL (Ad-tPSMA-IRES-m4-1BBL) and Ad-enhanced green fluorescent protein. Day 7 proliferating DC aggregates generated from C57BL/6 mice were collected as immature DCs and further mature DCs were obtained by lipopolysaccharide activated immature DCs. After DCs were exposed to the recombinant adenovirus with 250 multiplicity of infection, the expression of tPSMA and m4-1BBL proteins were detected by Western blot, and the apoptosis and phenotype of DCs were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytokines (IL-6 and IL-12) in the supernatant were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Proliferation of T cells was detected by allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions. The tPSMA and m4-1BBL proteins were expressed correctly. The apoptosis rate of DCs transfected with Ad-tPSMA-IRES-m4-1BBL was 14.6%, lower than that of control DCs. The expression of co-stimulatory molecules [CD80 (81.6 ± 5.4%) and CD86 (80.13 ± 2.81%)] up-regulated in Ad-tPSMA-IRES-m4-1BBL-pulsed DCs, and the level of IL-6 (3960.2 ± 50.54 pg/mL) and IL-12 (249.57 ± 12.51 pg/mL) production in Ad-tPSMA-IRES-m4-1BBL-transduced DCs were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those in control DCs. Ad-tPSMA-IRES-m4-1BBL induced higher T-cell proliferation (OD(450) = 0.614 ± 0.018), indicating that this recombinant adenovirus can effectively enhance the activity of DCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Weng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|