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Mondal S, Saha S, Sur D. Immuno-metabolic reprogramming of T cell: a new frontier for pharmacotherapy of Rheumatoid arthritis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2024; 46:330-340. [PMID: 38478467 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2024.2330636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a persistent autoimmune condition characterized by ongoing inflammation primarily affecting the synovial joint. This inflammation typically arises from an increase in immune cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells (TC). TC is recognized as a major player in RA pathogenesis. The involvement of HLA-DRB1 and PTPN-2 among RA patients confirms the TC involvement in RA. Metabolism of TC is maintained by various other factors like cytokines, mitochondrial proteins & other metabolites. Different TC subtypes utilize different metabolic pathways like glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation for their activation from naive TC (T0). Although all subsets of TC are not deleterious for synovium, some subsets of TC are involved in joint repair using their anti-inflammatory properties. Hence artificially reprogramming of TC subset by interfering with their metabolic status poised a hope in future to design new molecules against RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Mondal
- Division of Pharmacology, Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Panihati, Kolkata, India
| | - Sarthak Saha
- Division of Pharmacology, Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Panihati, Kolkata, India
| | - Debjeet Sur
- Division of Pharmacology, Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Panihati, Kolkata, India
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2
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Pitaksalee R, Parmar R, Hodgett R, Emery P, Ponchel F. DNA Hypomethylation in the TNF-Alpha Gene Predicts Rheumatoid Arthritis Classification in Patients with Early Inflammatory Symptoms. Cells 2023; 12:2376. [PMID: 37830590 PMCID: PMC10571942 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and particularly for anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA)-negative patients, remain an important hurdle for the early initiation of treatment. Taking advantage of DNA-methylation patterns specific to early RA, quantitative methylation-specific qPCR (qMSP) offers a robust technology for the development of biomarkers. We developed assays and established their value as RA classification biomarkers. METHODS DNA-methylation data were screened to select candidate CpGs to design qMSP assays. Eight assays were developed and tested on two early inflammatory arthritis cohorts. Logistic regression and bootstrapping were used to demonstrate the added value of the qMSP assays. RESULT Differentially methylated CpG data were screened for candidate CpG, thereby meeting the qMSP assay requirements. The top CpG candidate was in the TNF gene, for which we successfully developed a qMSP assay. Significantly lower DNA-methylation levels were observed in RA (p < 4 × 10-9), with a high predictive value (OR < 0.54/AUC < 0.198) in both cohorts (n = 127/n = 157). Regression using both datasets showed improved accuracy = 87.7% and AUC = 0.944 over the model using only clinical variables (accuracy = 85.2%, AUC = 0.917). Similar data were obtained in ACPA-negative patients (n = 167, accuracy = 82.6%, AUC = 0.930) compared to the clinical variable model (accuracy = 79.5%, AUC = 0.892). Bootstrapping using 2000 datasets confirmed that the AUCs for the clinical+TNF-qMSP model had significant added value in both analyses. CONCLUSION The qMSP technology is robust and can successfully be developed with a high specificity of the TNF qMSP assay for RA in patients with early inflammatory arthritis. It should assist classification in ACPA-negative patients, providing a means of reducing time to diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujiraporn Pitaksalee
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Rekha Parmar
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Richard Hodgett
- Leeds University Business School, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Paul Emery
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS1 9LF, UK
| | - Frederique Ponchel
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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3
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Sommer AJ, Okonkwo J, Monteiro J, Bind MAC. A permutation-based approach using a rank-based statistic to identify sex differences in epigenetics. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14838. [PMID: 37684282 PMCID: PMC10491832 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41360-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic sex differences and their resulting implications for human health have been studied for about a decade. The objective of this paper is to use permutation-based inference and a new ranked-based test statistic to identify sex-based epigenetic differences in the human DNA methylome. In particular, we examine whether we could identify separations between the female and male distributions of DNA methylation across hundred of thousands CpG sites in two independent cohorts, the Swedish Adoption Twin study and the Lamarck study. Based on Fisherian p-values, we set a threshold for methylation differences "worth further scrutiny". At this threshold, we were able to confirm previously-found CpG sites that stratify with respect to sex. These CpG sites with sex differences in DNA methylation should be further investigated for their possible contribution to various physiological and pathological functions in the human body. We followed-up our statistical analyses with a literature review in order to inform the proposed disease implications for the loci we uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice J Sommer
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jude Okonkwo
- Columbia Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Monteiro
- Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marie-Abèle C Bind
- Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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4
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Ozaki M, Glasgow A, Oglesby IK, Ng WL, Kelly S, Greene CM, Durcan L, Hurley K. Sexual Dimorphism in Interstitial Lung Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123030. [PMID: 36551792 PMCID: PMC9775147 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are a group of heterogeneous progressive pulmonary disorders, characterised by tissue remodelling and/or fibrotic scarring of the lung parenchyma. ILD patients experience lung function decline with progressive symptoms, poor response to treatment, reduced quality of life and high mortality. ILD can be idiopathic or associated with systemic or connective tissue diseases (CTD) but idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common form. While IPF has a male predominance, women are affected more greatly by CTD and therefore associated ILDs. The mechanisms behind biological sex differences in these progressive lung diseases remain unclear. However, differences in environmental exposures, variable expression of X-chromosome related inflammatory genes and sex hormones play a role. Here, we will outline sex-related differences in the incidence, progression and mechanisms of action of these diseases and discuss existing and novel cellular and pre-clinical studies. Furthermore, we will highlight how sex-differences are not adequately considered in pre-clinical disease models, how gender bias exists in clinical diagnosis and how women are underrepresented in clinical trials. Future action on these observations will hopefully shed light on the role of biological sex in disease development, identify potential targets for intervention and increase female participant numbers in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Ozaki
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, D09 YD60 Dublin 9, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Arlene Glasgow
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D09 YD60 Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Irene K. Oglesby
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, D09 YD60 Dublin 9, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Wan Lin Ng
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, D09 YD60 Dublin 9, Ireland
- Department of Rheumatology, Beaumont Hospital, D09V2N0 Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Sile Kelly
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, D09 YD60 Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Catherine M. Greene
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D09 YD60 Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Laura Durcan
- Department of Rheumatology, Beaumont Hospital, D09V2N0 Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Killian Hurley
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, D09 YD60 Dublin 9, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin 2, Ireland
- Correspondence:
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5
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Zhao J, Wei K, Chang C, Xu L, Jiang P, Guo S, Schrodi SJ, He D. DNA Methylation of T Lymphocytes as a Therapeutic Target: Implications for Rheumatoid Arthritis Etiology. Front Immunol 2022; 13:863703. [PMID: 35309322 PMCID: PMC8927780 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.863703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that can cause joint damage and disability. Epigenetic variation, especially DNA methylation, has been shown to be involved in almost all the stages of the pathology of RA, from autoantibody production to various self-effector T cells and the defects of protective T cells that can lead to chronic inflammation and erosion of bones and joints. Given the critical role of T cells in the pathology of RA, the regulatory functions of DNA methylation in T cell biology remain unclear. In this review, we elaborate on the relationship between RA pathogenesis and DNA methylation in the context of different T cell populations. We summarize the relevant methylation events in T cell development, differentiation, and T cell-related genes in disease prediction and drug efficacy. Understanding the epigenetic regulation of T cells has the potential to profoundly translate preclinical results into clinical practice and provide a framework for the development of novel, individualized RA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Zhao
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wei
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cen Chang
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingxia Xu
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- Computation and Informatics in Biology and Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Steven J Schrodi
- Computation and Informatics in Biology and Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Dongyi He
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Arthritis Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western medicine, Shanghai Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China
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6
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Liu X, Lin J, Wu H, Wang Y, Xie L, Wu J, Qin H, Xu J. A Novel Long Noncoding RNA lincRNA00892 Activates CD4 + T Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Regulating CD40L. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:733902. [PMID: 34707498 PMCID: PMC8543062 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.733902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The mechanism of CD4+ T-cell dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has not been fully understood. Increasing evidence show that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can regulate immune responses and take part in some autoimmune diseases, while little is known about the lncRNA expression and function in CD4+ T of SLE. Here, we aimed to detect the expression profile of lncRNAs in lupus CD4+ T cells and explore the mechanism that how lincRNA00892 in CD4+ T cells is involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. Methods: The expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in CD4+ T cells from SLE patients and healthy controls were detected by microarray. LincRNA00892 and CD40L were chosen for validation by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Coexpression network was conducted to predict the potential target genes of lincRNA00892. Then lincRNA00892 was overexpressed in normal CD4+ T cells via lentivirus transfection. The expression of lincRNA00892 was detected by qRT-PCR. The expression of CD40L was detected by qRT-PCR, western blotting, and flow cytometry, respectively. The expression of CD69 and CD23 was measured by flow cytometry. The secretion of IgG was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The proteins targeted by lincRNA00892 were measured by RNA pulldown and subsequent mass spectrometry (MS). The interaction between heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) and lincRNA00892 or CD40L was detected by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Results: A total of 1887 lncRNAs and 3375 mRNAs were found to be aberrantly expressed in CD4+ T cells of SLE patients compared to healthy controls. LincRNA00892 and CD40L were confirmed to be upregulated in CD4+ T cells of SLE patients by qRT-PCR. The lncRNA-mRNA coexpression network analysis indicated that CD40L was a potential target of lincRNA00892. Overexpression of lincRNA00892 enhanced CD40L protein levels while exerting little influence on CD40L mRNA levels in CD4+ T cells. In addition, lincRNA00892 could induce the activation of CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, lincRNA00892 led to the activation of B cells and subsequent secretion of IgG in a CD4+ T-cell-dependent manner. Finally, hnRNP K was found to be among the proteins pulled down by lincRNA00892, and hnRNP K could bind to lincRNA00892 or CD40L directly. Conclusion: Our results showed that the lncRNA expression profile was altered in CD4+ T cells of SLE. LincRNA00892 possibly contributed to the pathogenesis of SLE by targeting hnRNP K and subsequently upregulating CD40L expression to activate CD4+ T and B cells. These provided us a potential target for further mechanistic studies of SLE pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinran Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinfeng Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihong Qin
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhua Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Chadha S, Behl T, Kumar A, Khullar G, Arora S. Role of Nrf2 in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Res Transl Med 2020; 68:171-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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8
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Vordenbäumen S, Rosenbaum A, Gebhard C, Raithel J, Sokolowski A, Düsing C, Chehab G, Richter JG, Brinks R, Rehli M, Schneider M. Associations of site-specific CD4 +-T-cell hypomethylation within CD40-ligand promotor and enhancer regions with disease activity of women with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2020; 30:45-51. [PMID: 33081589 DOI: 10.1177/0961203320965690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To comprehensively assess associations of site-specific CD4+-T-cell hypomethylation of the CD40-Ligand gene (CD40L) with disease activity of women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS CpG-sites within the DNA of the promotor and two enhancer regions (n = 22) of CD40L were identified and numbered consecutively. The rate of methylated DNA in isolated CD4+-T-cells of women with SLE were quantified for each methylation site by MALDI-TOF. Disease activity was assessed by SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Associations of site-specific methylation rates with the SLEDAI scores were assessed by linear regression modelling. P values were adjusted according to Bonferroni-Holm as indicated. RESULTS 60 female SLE patients participated in the study (age 45.7 ± 11.1 years, disease duration 17.0 ± 8.3 years). Significant associations to the SLEDAI were noted for CpG22 hypomethylation of the promotor (β = -40.1, p = 0.017, adjusted p = 0.027), trends were noted for CpG17 hypomethylation of the promotor (β = -30.5, p = 0.032, adjusted p = 0.6), and for CpG11 hypermethylation of the second enhancer (β = 15.0, p = 0.046, adjusted p = 0.8). CONCLUSION Site-specific hypomethylation of the CD40L promotor in CD4+-T-cells show associations with disease activity in female SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Vordenbäumen
- Medical Faculty, Department & Hiller Research Unit for Rheumatology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Rheinisches Rheuma-Zentrum St. Elisabeth-Hospital, Meerbusch-Lank, Germany
| | - Anna Rosenbaum
- Medical Faculty, Department & Hiller Research Unit for Rheumatology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claudia Gebhard
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Raithel
- Rheinisches Rheuma-Zentrum St. Elisabeth-Hospital, Meerbusch-Lank, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Sokolowski
- Medical Faculty, Department & Hiller Research Unit for Rheumatology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Düsing
- Medical Faculty, Department & Hiller Research Unit for Rheumatology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gamal Chehab
- Medical Faculty, Department & Hiller Research Unit for Rheumatology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jutta G Richter
- Medical Faculty, Department & Hiller Research Unit for Rheumatology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ralph Brinks
- Medical Faculty, Department & Hiller Research Unit for Rheumatology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Rehli
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schneider
- Medical Faculty, Department & Hiller Research Unit for Rheumatology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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9
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Rahat B, Ali T, Sapehia D, Mahajan A, Kaur J. Circulating Cell-Free Nucleic Acids as Epigenetic Biomarkers in Precision Medicine. Front Genet 2020; 11:844. [PMID: 32849827 PMCID: PMC7431953 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The circulating cell-free nucleic acids (ccfNAs) are a mixture of single- or double-stranded nucleic acids, released into the blood plasma/serum by different tissues via apoptosis, necrosis, and secretions. Under healthy conditions, ccfNAs originate from the hematopoietic system, whereas under various clinical scenarios, the concomitant tissues release ccfNAs into the bloodstream. These ccfNAs include DNA, RNA, microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), fetal DNA/RNA, and mitochondrial DNA/RNA, and act as potential biomarkers in various clinical conditions. These are associated with different epigenetic modifications, which show disease-related variations and so finding their role as epigenetic biomarkers in clinical settings. This field has recently emerged as the latest advance in precision medicine because of its clinical relevance in diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive values. DNA methylation detected in ccfDNA has been widely used in personalized clinical diagnosis; furthermore, there is also the emerging role of ccfRNAs like miRNA and lncRNA as epigenetic biomarkers. This review focuses on the novel approaches for exploring ccfNAs as epigenetic biomarkers in personalized clinical diagnosis and prognosis, their potential as therapeutic targets and disease progression monitors, and reveals the tremendous potential that epigenetic biomarkers present to improve precision medicine. We explore the latest techniques for both quantitative and qualitative detection of epigenetic modifications in ccfNAs. The data on epigenetic modifications on ccfNAs are complex and often milieu-specific posing challenges for its understanding. Artificial intelligence and deep networks are the novel approaches for decoding complex data and providing insight into the decision-making in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beenish Rahat
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Taqveema Ali
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Divika Sapehia
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Aatish Mahajan
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jyotdeep Kaur
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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10
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Credendino SC, Neumayer C, Cantone I. Genetics and Epigenetics of Sex Bias: Insights from Human Cancer and Autoimmunity. Trends Genet 2020; 36:650-663. [PMID: 32736810 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing and genome-wide association studies have revealed a sex bias in human diseases. The underlying molecular mechanisms remain, however, unknown. Here, we cover recent advances in cancer and autoimmunity focusing on intrinsic genetic and epigenetic differences underlying sex biases in human disease. These studies reveal a central role of genome regulatory mechanisms including genome repair, chromosome folding, and epigenetic regulation in dictating the sex bias. These highlight the importance of considering sex as a variable in both basic science and clinical investigations. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying sex bias in human diseases will be instrumental in making a first step forwards into the era of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Carmela Credendino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Christoph Neumayer
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Irene Cantone
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'G. Salvatore', National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy.
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11
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He P, Mo XB, Lei SF, Deng FY. Epigenetically regulated co-expression network of genes significant for rheumatoid arthritis. Epigenomics 2019; 11:1601-1612. [PMID: 31693422 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To identify epigenetically regulated network of genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells significant for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their associated differentially expressed miRNAs and differentially methylated positions (DMPs) were identified. Causal inference test (CIT) identified the causal regulation chains. The analyses, for example, weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA), protein-protein interaction and functional enrichment, evaluated interaction patterns among the DEGs and the associated epigenetic factors. Results: A total of 181 DEGs were identified. The DEGs were significantly regulated by DMPs and/or differentially expressed miRNAs. Causal inference test analyses identified 18 causal chains of DMP-DEG-RA and 16 intermediate DEGs enriched in 'protein kinase inhibitor activity'. BTN2A1 was co-expressed with other 9 intermediate genes and 11 known RA-associated genes and played a pivotal role in the co-expression network. Conclusion: Epigenetically regulated network of genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) contributed to RA. The causal DMPs and key intermediate genes may serve as potential biomarkers for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei He
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology & Genomics, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive & Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Xing-Bo Mo
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology & Genomics, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive & Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Shu-Feng Lei
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology & Genomics, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive & Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Fei-Yan Deng
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology & Genomics, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive & Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
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12
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Wu H, Chen Y, Zhu H, Zhao M, Lu Q. The Pathogenic Role of Dysregulated Epigenetic Modifications in Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2305. [PMID: 31611879 PMCID: PMC6776919 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases can be chronic with relapse of inflammatory symptoms, but it can be also acute and life-threatening if immune cells destroy life-supporting organs, such as lupus nephritis. The etiopathogenesis of autoimmune diseases has been revealed as that genetics and environmental factors-mediated dysregulated immune responses contribute to the initiation and development of autoimmune disorders. However, the current understanding of pathogenesis is limited and the underlying mechanism has not been well defined, which lows the development of novel biomarkers and new therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases. To improve this, broadening and deepening our understanding of pathogenesis is an unmet need. As genetic susceptibility cannot explain the low accordance rate of incidence in homozygous twins, epigenetic regulations might be an additional explanation. Therefore, this review will summarize current progress of studies on epigenetic dysregulations contributing to autoimmune diseases, including SLE, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis, type 1 diabetes (T1D), and systemic sclerosis (SSc), hopefully providing opinions on orientation of future research, as well as discussing the clinical utilization of potential biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijing Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongjian Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huan Zhu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Abstract
Autoimmune rheumatic diseases pose many problems that have, in general, already been solved in the field of cancer. The heterogeneity of each disease, the clinical similarities and differences between different autoimmune rheumatic diseases and the large number of patients that remain without a diagnosis underline the need to reclassify these diseases via new approaches. Knowledge about the molecular basis of systemic autoimmune diseases, along with the availability of bioinformatics tools capable of handling and integrating large volumes of various types of molecular data at once, offer the possibility of reclassifying these diseases. A new taxonomy could lead to the discovery of new biomarkers for patient stratification and prognosis. Most importantly, this taxonomy might enable important changes in clinical trial design to reach the expected outcomes or the design of molecularly targeted therapies. In this Review, we discuss the basis for a new molecular taxonomy for autoimmune rheumatic diseases. We highlight the evidence surrounding the idea that these diseases share molecular features related to their pathogenesis and development and discuss previous attempts to classify these diseases. We evaluate the tools available to analyse and combine different types of molecular data. Finally, we introduce PRECISESADS, a project aimed at reclassifying the systemic autoimmune diseases.
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Assessment of CD40 and CD40L expression in rheumatoid arthritis patients, association with clinical features and DAS28. Clin Exp Med 2019; 19:427-437. [PMID: 31313080 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-019-00568-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The predominance of the effector mechanisms by CD4 + T cells is a characteristic of inflammatory autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The CD40/CD40L costimulatory pathway contributes to these pathogenic mechanisms by promoting autoantibody production and inflammation. Aberrant expression of CD40 and CD40L in RA patients has been shown, the latter prevailing in females. However, contrasting results have emerged regarding the clinical associations of these findings. We determined the association of CD40 and CD40L expression with the clinical activity evaluated through DAS28 in RA patients. A total of 38 female RA patients and 10 age- and sex-matched control subjects were included. CD40 and CD40L mRNA expression was quantified by real-time qPCR, cell surface proteins were determined by flow cytometry, and protein soluble forms were determined by ELISA. The expansion of a CD4 + T cell subpopulation expressing CD40 was identified in the RA group. In addition, high frequencies of CD4 + CD40L + T cells expressing high levels of CD40L, increased levels of sCD40L and overexpression of CD40L mRNA were observed in these patients. Moreover, there was a gradual increase in CD40L when data were stratified according to DAS28, except for very active patients. No correlation was observed between the levels of mRNA, cell surface protein and soluble protein of CD40 and CD40L with the clinical features of RA patients. There is an altered expression of CD40L in female RA patients in association with clinical activity assessed by DAS28, these findings support the evidence that suggests CD40L as a marker of clinical activity.
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Ruiz-Noa Y, Hernández-Bello J, Llamas-Covarrubias MA, Palafox-Sánchez CA, Oregon-Romero E, Sánchez-Hernández PE, Ramírez-Dueñas MG, Parra-Rojas I, Muñoz-Valle JF. PTPN22 1858C>T polymorphism is associated with increased CD154 expression and higher CD4+ T cells percentage in rheumatoid arthritis patients. J Clin Lab Anal 2018; 33:e22710. [PMID: 30402903 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD40 is a costimulatory molecule for B cells, and CD154 is a marker of CD4+ T cells activation. CD40-CD154 interaction promotes pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion and autoantibodies production. PTPN22 gene encodes LYP protein, an inhibitor of T- and B-cell activation. PTPN22 1858C>T polymorphism confers rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility. Hence, we evaluate the relationship between 1858C>T polymorphism with CD40 and CD154 expression and IFN-γ secretion in RA patients. METHODS PTPN22 1858C>T polymorphism was genotyped in 315 RA patients and 315 control subjects (CS) using PCR-RFLP method. Later, we selected only ten anti-CCP-positive RA patients, naïve to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and ten CS, all with known 1858C>T PTPN22 genotype. The CD40 and CD154 membrane expressions were determined by flow cytometry in peripheral B and T cells, correspondingly. RESULTS The B cells percentage and mCD40 expression were similar between RA and CS (P > 0.05) and we did not find an association between these variables and the 1858C>T polymorphism. The CD4+ T cells percentage was higher in RA patients than CS (P = 0.003), and in the RA group, the CD4+ T cells percentage and mCD154 expression were higher in the 1858 T allele carriers (P = 0.008 and P = 0.032, respectively). The IFN-γ levels were lower in RA patients carrying the PTPN22 risk allele (P = 0.032). CONCLUSION The PTPN22 1858 T risk allele is associated with increased CD4+ T cells percentage and high mCD154 expression in RA patients, which could favor the pro-inflammatory cytokine release and the establishment of the inflammatory response at the seropositive RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeniley Ruiz-Noa
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Jorge Hernández-Bello
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Mara A Llamas-Covarrubias
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Claudia A Palafox-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Edith Oregon-Romero
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | | | | | - Isela Parra-Rojas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, México
| | - Jose Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
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Peng LH, Qin XQ, Tan RR, Liu C, Liu HJ, Qu X. Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Regulates the Potential Antigen Uptake Ability of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2018; 38:463-468. [PMID: 30256701 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2018.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we tried to explore whether calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) regulates the potential antigen uptaking ability of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) and promoting the differentiation of Th1/Th2. We found that CGRP increased the uptake of fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled ovalbumin (FITC-OVA) by HBECs using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analysis. MTT assay showed that T cells proliferated in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of OVA-pretreated HBECs and CGRP inhibited the proliferation of T cells. CGRP decreased secretion of IFN-γ, while it had no influence on secretion of IL-4 by ELISA. Our data suggest that CGRP enhanced HBECs antigen uptake ability and inhibits HBECs induced T cells proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Peng
- 1 Department of Physiology, Hunan Yongzhou Vocational Technical College , Yongzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Qun Qin
- 2 Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ru-Rong Tan
- 2 Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chi Liu
- 2 Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui-Jun Liu
- 2 Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangping Qu
- 2 Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan, China
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Systemic lupus erythematosus is a severe autoimmune/inflammatory condition of unknown pathophysiology. Though genetic predisposition is essential for disease expression, risk alleles in single genes are usually insufficient to confer disease. Epigenetic dysregulation has been suggested as the missing link between genetic risk and the development of clinically evident disease. Recent Findings Over the past decade, epigenetic events moved into the focus of research targeting the molecular pathophysiology of SLE. Epigenetic alteration can be the net result of preceding infections, medication, diet, and/or other environmental influences. While altered DNA methylation and histone modifications had already been established as pathomechanisms, DNA hydroxymethylation was more recently identified as an activating epigenetic mark. Summary Defective epigenetic control contributes to uncontrolled cytokine and co-receptor expression, resulting in immune activation and tissue damage in SLE. Epigenetic alterations promise potential as disease biomarkers and/or future therapeutic targets in SLE and other autoimmune/inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Michael Hedrich
- Division of Paediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital Dresden, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. .,Department of Women᾿s & Children᾿s Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. .,Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children᾿s NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, East Prescott Road, Liverpool, L14 5AB, UK.
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Wu H, Liao J, Li Q, Yang M, Zhao M, Lu Q. Epigenetics as biomarkers in autoimmune diseases. Clin Immunol 2018; 196:34-39. [PMID: 29574040 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are immune system disorders in which immune cells cannot distinguish self-antigens from foreign ones. The current criteria for autoimmune disease diagnosis are based on clinical manifestations and laboratory tests. However, none of these markers shows both high sensitivity and specificity. In addition, some autoimmune diseases, for example, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), are highly heterogeneous and often exhibit various manifestations. On the other hand, certain autoimmune diseases, such as Sjogren's syndrome versus SLE, share similar symptoms and autoantibodies, which also causes difficulties in diagnosis. Therefore, biomarkers that have both high sensitivity and high specificity for diagnosis, reflect disease activity and predict drug response are necessary. An increasing number of publications have proposed the abnormal epigenetic modifications as biomarkers of autoimmune diseases. Therefore, this review will comprehensively summarize the epigenetic progress in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders and unearth potential biomarkers that might be appropriate for disease diagnosis and prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijing Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jieyue Liao
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianwen Li
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Liu C, Zhang X, Xiang Y, Qu X, Liu H, Liu C, Tan M, Jiang J, Qin X. Role of epithelial chemokines in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation in asthma (Review). Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:6935-6941. [PMID: 29568899 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As the first barrier to the outside environment, airway epithelial cells serve a central role in the initiation and development of airway inflammation. Chemokines are the most direct and immediate cell factors for the recruitment and migration of inflammatory cells. The present review focused on the role of epithelial chemokines in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation in asthma. In addition to traditional CC family chemokines and CXC family chemokines, airway epithelial cells also express other chemokines, including thymic stromal lymphopoietin and interleukin‑33. By expressing and secreting chemokines, airway epithelial cells serve a key role in orchestrating airway inflammation in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Liu
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xiangping Qu
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Huijun Liu
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Meiling Tan
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Institute of Surgery Research, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqun Qin
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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Edwards M, Dai R, Ahmed SA. Our Environment Shapes Us: The Importance of Environment and Sex Differences in Regulation of Autoantibody Production. Front Immunol 2018; 9:478. [PMID: 29662485 PMCID: PMC5890161 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Consequential differences exist between the male and female immune systems’ ability to respond to pathogens, environmental insults or self-antigens, and subsequent effects on immunoregulation. In general, females when compared with their male counterparts, respond to pathogenic stimuli and vaccines more robustly, with heightened production of antibodies, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines. While the precise reasons for sex differences in immune response to different stimuli are not yet well understood, females are more resistant to infectious diseases and much more likely to develop autoimmune diseases. Intrinsic (i.e., sex hormones, sex chromosomes, etc.) and extrinsic (microbiome composition, external triggers, and immune modulators) factors appear to impact the overall outcome of immune responses between sexes. Evidence suggests that interactions between environmental contaminants [e.g., endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs)] and host leukocytes affect the ability of the immune system to mount a response to exogenous and endogenous insults, and/or return to normal activity following clearance of the threat. Inherently, males and females have differential immune response to external triggers. In this review, we describe how environmental chemicals, including EDCs, may have sex differential influence on the outcome of immune responses through alterations in epigenetic status (such as modulation of microRNA expression, gene methylation, or histone modification status), direct and indirect activation of the estrogen receptors to drive hormonal effects, and differential modulation of microbial sensing and composition of host microbiota. Taken together, an intriguing question develops as to how an individual’s environment directly and indirectly contributes to an altered immune response, dysregulation of autoantibody production, and influence autoimmune disease development. Few studies exist utilizing well-controlled cohorts of both sexes to explore the sex differences in response to EDC exposure and the effects on autoimmune disease development. Translational studies incorporating multiple environmental factors in animal models of autoimmune disease are necessary to determine the interrelationships that occur between potential etiopathological factors. The presence or absence of autoantibodies is not a reliable predictor of disease. Therefore, future studies should incorporate all the susceptibility/influencing factors, coupled with individual genomics, epigenomics, and proteomics, to develop a model that better predicts, diagnoses, and treats autoimmune diseases in a personalized-medicine fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Edwards
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Rujuan Dai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - S Ansar Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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Aslani S, Sobhani S, Gharibdoost F, Jamshidi A, Mahmoudi M. Epigenetics and pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis; the ins and outs. Hum Immunol 2018; 79:178-187. [PMID: 29330110 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of many diseases is influenced by environmental factors which can affect human genome and be inherited from generation to generation. Adverse environmental stimuli are recognized through the epigenetic regulatory complex, leading to gene expression alteration, which in turn culminates in disease outcomes. Three epigenetic regulatory mechanisms modulate the manifestation of a gene, namely DNA methylation, histone changes, and microRNAs. Both epigenetics and genetics have been implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc) disease. Genetic inheritance rate of SSc is low and the concordance rate in both monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins is little, implying other possible pathways in SSc pathogenesis scenario. Here, we provide an extensive overview of the studies regarding different epigenetic events which may offer insights into the pathology of SSc. Furthermore, epigenetic-based interventions to treat SSc patients were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Aslani
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Sobhani
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Gharibdoost
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Jamshidi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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22
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Czaja AJ. Review article: next-generation transformative advances in the pathogenesis and management of autoimmune hepatitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 46:920-937. [PMID: 28901565 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in autoimmune hepatitis that transform current concepts of pathogenesis and management can be anticipated as products of ongoing investigations driven by unmet clinical needs and an evolving biotechnology. AIM To describe the advances that are likely to become transformative in autoimmune hepatitis, based on the direction of current investigations. METHODS Pertinent abstracts were identified in PubMed by multiple search terms. Full-length articles were selected for review, and a secondary bibliography was developed. The discovery process was repeated, and a tertiary bibliography was identified. The number of abstracts reviewed was 2830, and the number of full-length articles reviewed exceeded 150. RESULTS Risk-laden allelic variants outside the major histocompatibility complex (rs3184504, r36000782) are being identified by genome-wide association studies, and their gene products are potential therapeutic targets. Epigenetic changes associated with environmental cues can enhance the transcriptional activity of genes, and chromatin re-structuring and antagonists of noncoding molecules of ribonucleic acid are feasible interventions. The intestinal microbiome is a discovery field for microbial products and activated immune cells that may translocate to the periphery and respond to manipulation. Epidemiological studies and controlled interview-based surveys may implicate environmental and xenobiotic factors that warrant evidence-based changes in lifestyle, and site-directed molecular and cellular interventions promise to change the paradigm of treatment from one of blanket immunosuppression. CONCLUSIONS Advances in genetics, epigenetics, pathophysiology, epidemiology, and site-directed molecular and cellular interventions constitute the next generation of transformative advances in autoimmune hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Czaja
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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23
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Barturen G, Alarcón-Riquelme ME. SLE redefined on the basis of molecular pathways. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2017; 31:291-305. [PMID: 29224672 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The implementation of precision medicine requires the recruiting of patients in statistically enough numbers, the possibility of obtaining enough materials, and the integration of data from various platforms, which are all real limitations. These types of studies have been performed extensively in cancer but barely on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or other rheumatic diseases. To consider the practical use of the information obtained from such studies, we have to take into account the best biological fluid to use, the ease to perform the analysis in clinical practice, and its relevance to clinical practice. Here we review the most relevant studies that have performed analyses that attempt to classify or stratify SLE. We focus on two types of studies: those that stratify individuals diagnosed with SLE and those that compare SLE with other autoimmune diseases, defining differences and similarities that may be clinically relevant in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Barturen
- Pfizer - University of Granada - Andalusian Government Center for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Av de la Ilustración 114, PTS, 18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - Marta E Alarcón-Riquelme
- Pfizer - University of Granada - Andalusian Government Center for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Av de la Ilustración 114, PTS, 18016, Granada, Spain; Unit of Inflammatory Chronic Diseases, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, 17777, Sweden.
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The 3'-UTR (CA)n microsatellite on CD40LG gene as a possible genetic marker for rheumatoid arthritis in Mexican population: impact on CD40LG mRNA expression. Clin Rheumatol 2017; 37:345-353. [PMID: 28963582 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3853-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the association of the CD40LG 3'-UTR (CA)n microsatellite with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and CD40LG mRNA levels in females from western Mexico. A case-control study with 219 RA patients and 175 control subjects (CS) was conducted. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), X 2 test was used to compare genotype and allele frequencies, and odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to evaluate the association between RA and the microsatellite. CD40LG mRNA expression was assessed by real-time quantitative PCR. For comparisons between groups, Kruskal-Wallis or Mann-Whitney U tests for non-parametric data and ANOVA test for parametric data were performed. Among the 13 different alleles identified, CA25 was the most represented (45.4% RA and 46.3% CS). Stratification according to CA repeats as <CA25, CA25, and >CA25 showed a tendency towards a higher frequency of >CA25 alleles in RA patients (29%) compared to CS (23.4%). There was no association between any genotype and the clinical parameters of RA patients. According to the 2-∆∆Cq method, CD40LG mRNA expression in RA patients was 4.5-fold higher compared to CS; this difference was significant when assessed by the 2-∆Cq method (p = 0.028). Compared to carriers of the CA25/CA25 genotype, CS carrying the <CA25/<CA25 genotypes showed greater CD40LG mRNA expression (9.97-fold), unlike RA patients, where expression was 2.55-fold higher for >CA25/>CA25 carriers. The 3'-UTR CD40LG (CA)n microsatellite is not a genetic marker for RA in western Mexican population; however, results suggest that it plays a role in the CD40LG mRNA expression.
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25
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Messemaker TC, Mikkers HMM, Huizinga TW, Toes REM, van der Helm- van Mil AHM, Kurreeman F. Inflammatory genes TNFα and IL6 display no signs of increased H3K4me3 in circulating monocytes from untreated rheumatoid arthritis patients. Genes Immun 2017; 18:191-196. [DOI: 10.1038/gene.2017.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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26
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Hedrich CM, Mäbert K, Rauen T, Tsokos GC. DNA methylation in systemic lupus erythematosus. Epigenomics 2017; 9:505-525. [PMID: 27885845 PMCID: PMC6040049 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease facilitated by aberrant immune responses directed against cells and tissues, resulting in inflammation and organ damage. In the majority of patients, genetic predisposition is accompanied by additional factors conferring disease expression. While the exact molecular mechanisms remain elusive, epigenetic alterations in immune cells have been demonstrated to play a key role in disease pathogenesis through the dysregulation of gene expression. Since epigenetic marks are dynamic, allowing cells and tissues to differentiate and adjust, they can be influenced by environmental factors and also be targeted in therapeutic interventions. Here, we summarize reports on DNA methylation patterns in SLE, underlying molecular defects and their effect on immune cell function. We discuss the potential of DNA methylation as biomarker or therapeutic target in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Hedrich
- Pediatric Rheumatology & Immunology, Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katrin Mäbert
- Pediatric Rheumatology & Immunology, Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Rauen
- Department of Nephrology & Clinical Immunology, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - George C Tsokos
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Ospelt C, Gay S, Klein K. Epigenetics in the pathogenesis of RA. Semin Immunopathol 2017; 39:409-419. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-017-0621-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Frank-Bertoncelj M, Klein K, Gay S. Interplay between genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in rheumatoid arthritis. Epigenomics 2017; 9:493-504. [PMID: 28322583 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the risk for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with epigenetics serving as a possible interface through which risk factors contribute to RA. High-throughput technologies for interrogating genome and epigenome, and the availability of genetic and epigenetic datasets across a diversity of cell types, enable the identification of candidate causal genetic variants for RA to study their function in core RA processes. To date, RA risk variants were studied in the immune cells but not joint resident cells, for example, synovial fibroblasts. Synovial fibroblasts from different joints are distinct, anatomically specialized cells, defined by joint-specific transcriptomes, epigenomes and phenotypes. Cell type-specific analysis of epigenetic changes, together with genetic fine mapping and interrogation of chromatin 3D interactions may identify new disease relevant pathways, potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for RA progression or therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kerstin Klein
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Steffen Gay
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
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Qiu H, Wu H, Chan V, Lau CS, Lu Q. Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of follicular T-helper cells and their role in autoimmunity. Autoimmunity 2017; 50:71-81. [DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2017.1284821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qiu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, China and
| | - Haijing Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, China and
| | - Vera Chan
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chak-Sing Lau
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, China and
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Svendsen AJ, Gervin K, Lyle R, Christiansen L, Kyvik K, Junker P, Nielsen C, Houen G, Tan Q. Differentially Methylated DNA Regions in Monozygotic Twin Pairs Discordant for Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Epigenome-Wide Study. Front Immunol 2016; 7:510. [PMID: 27909437 PMCID: PMC5112246 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In an explorative epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) to search for gene independent, differentially methylated DNA positions and regions (DMRs) associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by studying monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs discordant for RA. Methods Genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood samples from 28 MZ twin pairs discordant for RA. DNA methylation was measured using the HumanMethylation450 BeadChips. Smoking, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies, and immunosuppressive treatment were included as covariates. Pathway analysis was performed using GREAT. Results Smoking was significantly associated with hypomethylation of a DMR overlapping the promoter region of the RNF5 and the AGPAT1, which are implicated in inflammation and autoimmunity, whereas DMARD treatment induced hypermethylation of the same region. Additionally, the promotor region of both S100A6 and EFCAB4B were hypomethylated, and both genes have previously been associated with RA. We replicated several candidate genes identified in a previous EWAS in treatment-naïve RA singletons. Gene-set analysis indicated the involvement of immunologic signatures and cancer-related pathways in RA. Conclusion We identified several differentially methylated regions associated with RA, which may represent environmental effects or consequences of the disease and plausible biological pathways pertinent to the pathogenesis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders J Svendsen
- The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark
| | - Kristina Gervin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Robert Lyle
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Lene Christiansen
- The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark
| | - Kirsten Kyvik
- Denmark and Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Institute of Clinical Research, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark
| | - Peter Junker
- Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark
| | - Christian Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital , Odense , Denmark
| | - Gunnar Houen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Statens Serum Institute , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Qihua Tan
- The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Sapir-Koren R, Livshits G. Rheumatoid arthritis onset in postmenopausal women: Does the ACPA seropositive subset result from genetic effects, estrogen deficiency, skewed profile of CD4(+) T-cells, and their interactions? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 431:145-63. [PMID: 27178986 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) incidence displays a differentiated age-dependent female-to-male ratio in which women outnumber men. Evidence that the peak incidence of RA in women coincides with menopause age, suggests a potential estrogenic role to disease etiology. Estrogens exert physiologically both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on the immune system. Epidemiologic and animal model studies with estrogen deprivation or supplementation suggested estrogens as to play, mainly, a protective role in RA immunopathology. In this review, we propose that some yet unidentified disturbances associated with estrogen circulating levels, differentiated by the menopausal status, play a major role in women's RA susceptibility. We focus on the interaction between estrogen deprivation and genetic risk alleles for anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) seropositive RA, as a major driving force for increased immune reactivity and RA susceptibility, in postmenopausal women. This opens up new fields for research concerning the association among different irregular estrogenic conditions, the cytokine milieu, and age/menopausal status bias in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rony Sapir-Koren
- Human Population Biology Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gregory Livshits
- Human Population Biology Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Lilian and Marcel Pollak Chair of Biological Anthropology, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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Long H, Yin H, Wang L, Gershwin ME, Lu Q. The critical role of epigenetics in systemic lupus erythematosus and autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2016; 74:118-138. [PMID: 27396525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the major disappointments in human autoimmunity has been the relative failure on genome-wide association studies to provide "smoking genetic guns" that would explain the critical role of genetic susceptibility to loss of tolerance. It is well known that autoimmunity refers to the abnormal state that the dysregulated immune system attacks the healthy cells and tissues due to the loss of immunological tolerance to self-antigens. Its clinical outcomes are generally characterized by the presence of autoreactive immune cells and (or) the development of autoantibodies, leading to various types of autoimmune disorders. The etiology and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases are highly complex. Both genetic predisposition and environmental factors such as nutrition, infection, and chemicals are implicated in the pathogenic process of autoimmunity, however, how much and by what mechanisms each of these factors contribute to the development of autoimmunity remain unclear. Epigenetics, which refers to potentially heritable changes in gene expression and function that do not involve alterations of the DNA sequence, has provided us with a brand new key to answer these questions. In the recent decades, increasing evidence have demonstrated the roles of epigenetic dysregulation, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNA, in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, especially systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which have shed light on a new era for autoimmunity research. Notably, DNA hypomethylation and reactivation of the inactive X chromosome are two epigenetic hallmarks of SLE. We will herein discuss briefly how genetic studies fail to completely elucidate the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and present a comprehensive review on landmark epigenetic findings in autoimmune diseases, taking SLE as an extensively studied example. The epigenetics of other autoimmune diseases such as rheumatic arthritis, systemic sclerosis and primary biliary cirrhosis will also be summarized. Importantly we emphasize that the stochastic processes that lead to DNA modification may be the lynch pins that drive the initial break in tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Long
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, China
| | - Heng Yin
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, China.
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33
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Clinical potential of DNA methylation in organ transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016; 35:843-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Sex bias in paediatric autoimmune disease – Not just about sex hormones? J Autoimmun 2016; 69:12-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Aslani S, Mahmoudi M, Karami J, Jamshidi AR, Malekshahi Z, Nicknam MH. Epigenetic alterations underlying autoimmune diseases. Autoimmunity 2016; 49:69-83. [DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2015.1134511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Glossop JR, Emes RD, Nixon NB, Packham JC, Fryer AA, Mattey DL, Farrell WE. Genome-wide profiling in treatment-naive early rheumatoid arthritis reveals DNA methylome changes in T and B lymphocytes. Epigenomics 2015; 8:209-24. [PMID: 26556652 DOI: 10.2217/epi.15.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Although aberrant DNA methylation has been described in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), no studies have interrogated this epigenetic modification in early disease. Following recent investigations of T and B lymphocytes in established disease, we now characterize in these cell populations genome-wide DNA methylation in treatment-naive patients with early RA. PATIENTS & METHODS HumanMethylation450 BeadChips were used to examine genome-wide DNA methylation in lymphocyte populations from 23 early RA patients and 11 healthy individuals. RESULTS Approximately 2000 CpGs in each cell type were differentially methylated in early RA. Clustering analysis identified a novel methylation signature in each cell type (150 sites in T lymphocytes, 113 sites in B lymphocytes) that clustered all patients separately from controls. A subset of sites differentially methylated in early RA displayed similar changes in established disease. CONCLUSION Treatment-naive early RA patients display novel disease-specific DNA methylation aberrations, supporting a potential role for these changes in the development of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Glossop
- Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Thornburrow Drive, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, ST4 7QB, UK.,Haywood Rheumatology Centre, Haywood Hospital, High Lane, Burslem, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, ST6 7AG, UK
| | - Richard D Emes
- School of Veterinary Medicine & Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK.,Advanced Data Analysis Centre, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Nicola B Nixon
- Haywood Rheumatology Centre, Haywood Hospital, High Lane, Burslem, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, ST6 7AG, UK
| | - Jon C Packham
- Haywood Rheumatology Centre, Haywood Hospital, High Lane, Burslem, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, ST6 7AG, UK
| | - Anthony A Fryer
- Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Thornburrow Drive, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, ST4 7QB, UK
| | - Derek L Mattey
- Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Thornburrow Drive, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, ST4 7QB, UK.,Haywood Rheumatology Centre, Haywood Hospital, High Lane, Burslem, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, ST6 7AG, UK
| | - William E Farrell
- Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Thornburrow Drive, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, ST4 7QB, UK
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Cribbs A, Feldmann M, Oppermann U. Towards an understanding of the role of DNA methylation in rheumatoid arthritis: therapeutic and diagnostic implications. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2015; 7:206-19. [PMID: 26425149 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x15598307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The term 'epigenetics' loosely describes DNA-templated processes leading to heritable changes in gene activity and expression, which are independent of the underlying DNA sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms comprise of post-translational modifications of chromatin, methylation of DNA, nucleosome positioning as well as expression of noncoding RNAs. Major advances in understanding the role of DNA methylation in regulating chromatin functions have been made over the past decade, and point to a role of this epigenetic mechanism in human disease. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder where altered DNA methylation patterns have been identified in a number of different disease-relevant cell types. However, the contribution of DNA methylation changes to RA disease pathogenesis is at present poorly understood and in need of further investigation. Here we review the current knowledge regarding the role of DNA methylation in rheumatoid arthritis and indicate its potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Cribbs
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Oxford, and Botnar Research Centre, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | | | - Udo Oppermann
- Botnar Research Centre, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, and Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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38
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Epigenetic dynamics in immunity and autoimmunity. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 67:65-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an immune-mediated disease of unknown cause that primarily affects the joints and ultimately leads to joint destruction. In recent years, the potential role of DNA methylation in the development of RA is raising great expectations among clinicians and researchers. DNA methylation influences diverse aspects of the disease and regulates epigenetic silencing of genes and behavior of several cell types, especially fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), the most resident cells in joints. The activation of FLS is generally regarded as a key process in the development of RA that actively results in the promotion of ongoing inflammation and joint damage. It has also been shown that aberrant DNA methylation occurs in the pathogenesis of RA and contributes to the development of the disease. Recently, there has been an impressive increase in studies involving DNA methylation in RA. In this paper, we consider the role of DNA methylation in the development of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Lai Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Central Laboratory, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi, 214041, Jiangsu, China
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40
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de Andres MC, Perez-Pampin E, Calaza M, Santaclara FJ, Ortea I, Gomez-Reino JJ, Gonzalez A. Assessment of global DNA methylation in peripheral blood cell subpopulations of early rheumatoid arthritis before and after methotrexate. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:233. [PMID: 26330155 PMCID: PMC4556005 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0748-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism regulating gene expression that has been insufficiently studied in the blood of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, as only T cells and total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with established RA have been studied and with conflicting results. METHOD Five major blood cell subpopulations: T, B and NK cells, monocytes, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, were isolated from 19 early RA patients and 17 healthy controls. Patient samples were taken before and 1 month after the start of treatment with methotrexate (MTX). Analysis included DNA methylation with high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry-selected reaction monitoring (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS-SRM) and expression levels of seven methylation-specific enzymes by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD)-naïve early RA patients showed global DNA hypomethylation in T cells and monocytes, together with a lower expression of DNA methyltrasnferase 1 (DNMT1), the maintenance DNA methyltransferase, which was also decreased in B cells. Furthermore, significantly increased expression of ten-eleven translocation1 (TET1), TET2 and TET3, enzymes involved in demethylation, was found in monocytes and of TET2 in T cells. There was also modest decreased expression of DNMT3A in B cells and of growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein 45A (GADD45A) in T and B cells. Treatment with MTX reverted hypomethylation in T cells and monocytes, which were no longer different from controls, and increased global methylation in B cells. In addition, DNMT1 and DNMT3A showed a trend to reversion of their decreased expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm global DNA hypomethylation in patients with RA with specificity for some blood cell subpopulations and their reversal with methotrexate treatment. These changes are accompanied by parallel changes in the levels of enzymes involved in methylation, suggesting the possibility of regulation at this level.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C de Andres
- Laboratorio de Investigacion 10 and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Travesia de Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Eva Perez-Pampin
- Laboratorio de Investigacion 10 and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Travesia de Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Manuel Calaza
- Laboratorio de Investigacion 10 and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Travesia de Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Santaclara
- Laboratorio de Investigacion 10 and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Travesia de Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Ortea
- Laboratorio de Investigacion 10 and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Travesia de Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Juan J Gomez-Reino
- Laboratorio de Investigacion 10 and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Travesia de Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Rúa de San Francisco, s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Antonio Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Investigacion 10 and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Travesia de Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Jeffries MA, Sawalha AH. Autoimmune disease in the epigenetic era: how has epigenetics changed our understanding of disease and how can we expect the field to evolve? Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2015; 11:45-58. [PMID: 25534978 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2015.994507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are complex and enigmatic, and have presented particular challenges to researchers seeking to define their etiology and explain progression. Previous studies have implicated epigenetic influences in the development of autoimmunity. Epigenetics describes changes in gene expression related to environmental influences without alterations in the underlying genomic sequence, generally classified into three main groups: cytosine genomic DNA methylation, modification of various sidechain positions of histone proteins and noncoding RNAs feedback. The purpose of this article is to review the most relevant literature describing alterations of epigenetic marks in the development and progression of four common autoimmune diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis and Sjögren's syndrome. The contribution of DNA methylation, histone modification and noncoding RNA for each of these disorders is discussed, including examples both of candidate gene studies and larger epigenomics surveys, and in various tissue types important for the pathogenesis of each. The future of the field is speculated briefly, as is the possibility of therapeutic interventions targeting the epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matlock A Jeffries
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Ceeraz S, Nowak EC, Burns CM, Noelle RJ. Immune checkpoint receptors in regulating immune reactivity in rheumatic disease. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 16:469. [PMID: 25606596 PMCID: PMC4289356 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-014-0469-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint regulators are critical modulators of the immune system, allowing the initiation of a productive immune response and preventing the onset of autoimmunity. Co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory immune checkpoint receptors are required for full T-cell activation and effector functions such as the production of cytokines. In autoimmune rheumatic diseases, impaired tolerance leads to the development of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Sjogren’s syndrome. Targeting the pathways of the inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules CD152 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4) and CD279 (programmed death-1) in cancer shows robust anti-tumor responses and tumor regression. This observation suggests that, in autoimmune diseases, the converse strategy of engaging these molecules may alleviate inflammation owing to the success of abatacept (CD152-Ig) in rheumatoid arthritis patients. We review the preclinical and clinical developments in targeting immune checkpoint regulators in rheumatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Ceeraz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
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Yu M, Cavero V, Lu Q, Li H. Follicular helper T cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2015; 34:1489-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-015-3028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Zhang Z, Zhang R. Epigenetics in autoimmune diseases: Pathogenesis and prospects for therapy. Autoimmun Rev 2015; 14:854-63. [PMID: 26026695 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in genome function without underlying modifications in their nucleotide sequence. Disorders of epigenetic processes, which involve DNA methylation, histone modification, non-coding RNA and nucleosome remodeling, may influence chromosomal stability and gene expression, resulting in complicated syndromes. In the past few years, it has been disclosed that identified epigenetic alterations give rise to several typical human autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis (MS). These emerging epigenetic studies provide new insights into autoimmune diseases. The identification of specific epigenetic dysregulation may inspire more discoveries of other uncharacterized mechanisms. Further elucidation of the biological functions and clinical significance of these epigenetic alterations may be exploited for diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimu Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Immunology and Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironments and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China; Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology,Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Immunology and Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironments and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China; Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology,Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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Song RH, Qin Q, Yan N, Muhali FS, Meng S, He ST, Zhang JA. Variants in IRAK1-MECP2 region confer susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid diseases. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 399:244-9. [PMID: 25458699 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to investigate whether interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK1) and methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) are associated with autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs). We selected four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs3027898, rs1059703 in IRAK1 and rs2075596, rs2239464 in MECP2, for genotyping using PCR-based ligase detection reaction (LDR) method in 1042 AITDs patients and 897 controls. Minor alleles in the four SNPs were strongly associated with AITDs, and similar associations were found in Graves' disease (GD). In Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) patients, a significantly increased risk of T allele in rs1059703 was found. There were obvious differences in allele and genotype distributions in female AITDs, GD and HT patients. Moreover, the haplotypes CCAA and ATGG were the associated variants for AITDs and GD. Besides, these two haplotypes showed similar associations with AITDs and GD in female patients. Our results firstly indicated that IRAK1 and MECP2 genes are crucial risk factors for AITDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-hua Song
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Qiu Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Ni Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Fatuma-said Muhali
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Shuai Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Shuang-tao He
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Jin-an Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 1508 Longhang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201508, China.
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Mau T, Yung R. Potential of epigenetic therapies in non-cancerous conditions. Front Genet 2014; 5:438. [PMID: 25566322 PMCID: PMC4271720 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been an explosion of knowledge in the epigenetics field in the past 20 years. The first epigenetic therapies have arrived in the clinic for cancer treatments. In contrast, much of the promise of epigenetic therapies for non-cancerous conditions remains in the laboratories. The current review will focus on the recent progress that has been made in understanding the pathogenic role of epigenetics in immune and inflammatory conditions, and how the knowledge may provide much needed new therapeutic targets for many autoimmune diseases. Dietary factors are increasingly recognized as potential modifiers of epigenetic marks that can influence health and diseases across generations. The current epigenomics revolution will almost certainly complement the explosion of personal genetics medicine to help guide treatment decisions and disease risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Mau
- Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Raymond Yung
- Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA ; Department of Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health System, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Care Center Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Kyburz D, Karouzakis E, Ospelt C. Epigenetic changes: The missing link. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2014; 28:577-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Glossop JR, Emes RD, Nixon NB, Haworth KE, Packham JC, Dawes PT, Fryer AA, Mattey DL, Farrell WE. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling in rheumatoid arthritis identifies disease-associated methylation changes that are distinct to individual T- and B-lymphocyte populations. Epigenetics 2014; 9:1228-37. [PMID: 25147922 DOI: 10.4161/epi.29718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes to the DNA methylome have been described in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In previous work, we reported genome-wide methylation differences in T-lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte populations from healthy individuals. Now, using HumanMethylation450 BeadChips to interrogate genome-wide DNA methylation, we have determined disease-associated methylation changes in blood-derived T- and B-lymphocyte populations from 12 female patients with seropositive established RA, relative to 12 matched healthy individuals. Array data were analyzed using NIMBL software and bisulfite pyrosequencing was used to validate array candidates. Genome-wide DNA methylation, determined by analysis of LINE-1 sequences, revealed higher methylation in B-lymphocytes compared with T-lymphocytes (P ≤ 0.01), which is consistent with our findings in healthy individuals. Moreover, loci-specific methylation differences that distinguished T-lymphocytes from B-lymphocytes in healthy individuals were also apparent in RA patients. However, disease-associated methylation differences were also identified in RA. In these cases, we identified 509 and 252 CpGs in RA-derived T- and B-lymphocytes, respectively, that showed significant changes in methylation compared with their cognate healthy counterparts. Moreover, this included a restricted set of 32 CpGs in T-lymphocytes and 20 CpGs in B-lymphocytes (representing 15 and 10 genes, respectively, and including two, MGMT and CCS, that were common to both cell types) that displayed more substantial changes in methylation. These changes, apparent as hyper- or hypo-methylation, were independently confirmed by pyrosequencing analysis. Validation by pyrosequencing also revealed additional sites in some candidate genes that also displayed altered methylation in RA. In this first study of genome-wide DNA methylation in individual T- and B-lymphocyte populations in RA patients, we report disease-associated methylation changes that are distinct to each cell type and which support a role for discrete epigenetic regulation in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Glossop
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine; Keele University; Guy Hilton Research Centre; Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire UK; Haywood Rheumatology Centre; Haywood Hospital; Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire UK
| | - Richard D Emes
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science; University of Nottingham; Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire UK; Advanced Data Analysis Centre; University of Nottingham; Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire UK
| | - Nicola B Nixon
- Haywood Rheumatology Centre; Haywood Hospital; Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire UK
| | - Kim E Haworth
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine; Keele University; Guy Hilton Research Centre; Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire UK
| | - Jon C Packham
- Haywood Rheumatology Centre; Haywood Hospital; Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire UK
| | - Peter T Dawes
- Haywood Rheumatology Centre; Haywood Hospital; Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire UK
| | - Anthony A Fryer
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine; Keele University; Guy Hilton Research Centre; Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire UK
| | - Derek L Mattey
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine; Keele University; Guy Hilton Research Centre; Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire UK; Haywood Rheumatology Centre; Haywood Hospital; Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire UK
| | - William E Farrell
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine; Keele University; Guy Hilton Research Centre; Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire UK
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Berrih-Aknin S. Myasthenia Gravis: paradox versus paradigm in autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2014; 52:1-28. [PMID: 24934596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a paradigm of organ-specific autoimmune disease (AID). It is mediated by antibodies that target the neuromuscular junction. The purpose of this review is to place MG in the general context of autoimmunity, to summarize the common mechanisms between MG and other AIDs, and to describe the specific mechanisms of MG. We have chosen the most common organ-specific AIDs to compare with MG: type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), multiple sclerosis (MS), some systemic AIDs (systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjogren's syndrome (SS)), as well as inflammatory diseases of the gut and liver (celiac disease (CeD), Crohn's disease (CD), and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)). Several features are similar between all AIDs, suggesting that common pathogenic mechanisms lead to their development. In this review, we address the predisposing factors (genetic, epigenetic, hormones, vitamin D, microbiota), the triggering components (infections, drugs) and their interactions with the immune system [1,2]. The dysregulation of the immune system is detailed and includes the role of B cells, Treg cells, Th17 and cytokines. We particularly focused on the role of TNF-α and interferon type I whose role in MG is very analogous to that in several other AIDS. The implication of AIRE, a key factor in central tolerance is also discussed. Finally, if MG is a prototype of AIDS, it has a clear specificity compared to the other AIDS, by the fact that the target organ, the muscle, is not the site of immune infiltration and B cell expansion, but exclusively that of antibody-mediated pathogenic mechanisms. By contrast, the thymus in the early onset subtype frequently undergoes tissue remodeling, resulting in the development of ectopic germinal centers surrounded by high endothelial venules (HEV), as observed in the target organs of many other AIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Berrih-Aknin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Myology Research Center UM76, F-75013 Paris, France; INSERM U974, F-75013 Paris, France; CNRS FRE 3617, F-75013 Paris, France; Institute of Myology, F-75013 Paris, France.
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Abstract
DNA methylation is a heritable, stable, and also reversible way of DNA modification; it can regulate gene expression without changing the nucleotide sequences. Because it takes part in regulation of immune responses, the loss of methylation homeostasis in immune cells will result in autoimmune disease by inducing aberrant gene expression. Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disease with many immune deficiencies. Recently, it was well documented that abnormal DNA methylation is also involved in the etiology of ITP. In this review, we elucidate the role of DNA methylation in autoimmune diseases by summarizing the DNA methylation-sensitive genes and the relationship between DNA methylation and ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, PR China
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