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Villa N, Badla O, Goit R, Saddik SE, Dawood SN, Rabih AM, Mohammed A, Raman A, Uprety M, Calero MJ, Villanueva MRB, Joshaghani N, Mohammed L. The Role of Leptin in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Is It Still a Mystery? Cureus 2022; 14:e26751. [PMID: 35967162 PMCID: PMC9365198 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory connective tissue disease with varying clinical manifestations. Recent studies have proposed that leptin may be related to SLE development. This study aims to assess current information regarding the relationship between leptin and SLE. A systematic search was done using PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Epistemonikos, and Cochrane Library databases. Studies published in the English language in the last 10 years were selected based on predefined eligibility criteria. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 tool. A total of 12 studies were included in this systematic review. These included systematic reviews/meta-analyses, cross-sectional studies, and case-control studies. Based on the findings of this review, we conclude thatleptin is significantly elevated in SLE patients; however, it does not seem to correlate with disease activity. The exact mechanism of leptin in the pathogenesis of the disease remains unknown and further research is needed regarding this aspect.
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Association of Leptin Gene Polymorphisms with Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Chinese Population. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2020:3789319. [PMID: 33083462 PMCID: PMC7559230 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3789319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Recently, increasing studies have revealed that leptin is involved in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study is aimed at exploring the association of leptin gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with susceptibility to RA in a Chinese population. Methods We recruited 600 RA patients and 600 healthy controls from a Chinese population and analyzed their three leptin SNPs (rs10244329, rs2071045, and rs2167270) using the improved Multiplex Ligase Detection Reaction (iMLDR) assays. The associations of these SNPs with clinical manifestations of RA were also analyzed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed for plasma leptin determination. Results No significant difference in either allele or genotype frequencies of these three SNPs between RA patients and healthy controls was observed (all P > 0.05). Association between the genotype effects of dominant, recessive models was also not found (all P > 0.05). No significant difference in plasma leptin levels was detected between RA patients and controls (P > 0.05). Conclusion Leptin gene (rs10244329, rs2071045, and rs2167270) polymorphisms are not associated with RA genetic susceptibility and its clinical features in the Chinese population.
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Afifi AEMA, Shaat RM, Gharbia OM, Elhanafy M, Hasan ASG. Role of serum leptin levels and leptin receptor gene polymorphisms in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol 2020; 39:3465-3472. [PMID: 32377995 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05120-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum leptin and leptin receptor gene polymorphisms may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of SLE. OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to explore the relationship between serum leptin levels and leptin receptor (LEPR) gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to SLE in Egyptian population and to study their relationships with clinical, laboratory, radiographic findings, and disease activity of SLE (SLEDAI). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 50 unrelated female patients, who met the SLICC classification criteria for SLE and fifty healthy blood donors, matched for age, sex, and BMI with SLE patients, serving as a control group, were included in this study. All participants had completed preliminary questionnaires and clinical, laboratory, and radiographic examinations. Serum leptin levels were measured by ELISA assays. LEPR genotyping was done by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. We compared serum leptin levels and LEPR gene polymorphisms in SLE patients and controls, and we tested their relationships with clinical, laboratory, and radiographic findings and SLEDAI in SLE patients. RESULTS The present study showed significant differences of serum leptin levels between SLE patients and controls (p < 0.001). Moreover, higher frequencies of variant genotype (AA) and (A) allele were found in SLE patients compared to controls (p = 0.008 and 0.001, respectively). No associations were observed between the serum leptin, various LEPR genotypes, and gene alleles and the development of clinical, laboratory, and radiological manifestations. Furthermore, no associations were observed between the various LEPR genotypes or gene alleles and leptin levels (p = 0.633 and 0.337 respectively) in SLE patients. Additionally, no correlations were observed between leptin levels, various genotypes, and alleles with SLEDAI (p = 0.244, 0.741, and 0.838 respectively) in SLE patients. CONCLUSION Serum leptin and LEPR gene polymorphism increase risk of SLE in Egyptian population; however, they are not associated with the development of clinical, lab, and radiological findings. Disease activity is neither correlated with serum leptin level nor associated with LEPR gene polymorphism. Serum levels of leptin are not associated with LEPR gene polymorphism. Key Points • Serum leptin and LEPR gene polymorphism increase risk of SLE in Egyptian patients. • Serum leptin is not associated with SLE disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd El-Moaty Ali Afifi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Mansoura University, El Gomhoria St., Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Reham M Shaat
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Mansoura University, El Gomhoria St., Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Ola Mohamed Gharbia
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Mansoura University, El Gomhoria St., Mansoura, Egypt
| | - M Elhanafy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura University, El Gomhoria St., Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Al Shimaa Goda Hasan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Mansoura University, El Gomhoria St., Mansoura, Egypt
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Yan L, Wu P, Gao DM, Hu J, Wang Q, Chen NF, Tong SQ, Rao L, Liu J. The Impact of Vitamin D on Cognitive Dysfunction in Mice with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:4716-4722. [PMID: 31281179 PMCID: PMC6607939 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A growing body of evidence suggests that systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may result in reversible cognitive dysfunction. Vitamin D is considered important for neurons. The therapeutic effect of vitamin D was evaluated in a rat model of SLE. Material/Methods There were 20 male MRL/lpr mice randomly divided into the SLE model group and the vitamin D group, in addition, 10 male C57BL 6J mice were used as the control (CON) group. Vitamin D was administered intraperitoneally (2 μg/kg) for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks of continuing intervention, we tested the cognitive function using the Morris water maze. The expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR), amyloid-β, caspase-3, and Bcl-2 were detected by western blot analysis. Results In the present study, we observed that vitamin D treatment alleviated neurobehavioral deficits in the mice with SLE. At the molecular levels, administration of vitamin D activated the expression of VDR and reduced the number of dead cells in the CA1 region of the hippocampus as well as regulated caspase-3 and Bcl-2 expression. Conclusions In conclusion, our results indicated that vitamin D played a protective role by suppressing inflammatory cytokines, thereby ultimately inhibiting the progression of apoptosis in a mouse model of SLE. Vitamin D may be promising as a protective intervention in SLE with cognitive dysfunction, and more and more experiments are warranted for its clinical testing in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yan
- Department of Rheumatology, Tangshan Gongren Hospita, Tangshan, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Dong-Mei Gao
- Department of Rheumatology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Rheumatology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital Group Rehabilitation Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital Group Rehabilitation Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Nan-Fang Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital Group Rehabilitation Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Sheng-Quan Tong
- Department of Rheumatology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Li Rao
- Department of Rheumatology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China (mainland)
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Chen J, Zeng W, Pan W, Peng C, Zhang J, Su J, Long W, Zhao H, Zuo X, Xie X, Wu J, Nie L, Zhao HY, Wei HJ, Chen X. Symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus are diagnosed in leptin transgenic pigs. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2005354. [PMID: 30169503 PMCID: PMC6147741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2005354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a well-known adipokine that plays a critical role in immune responses. To further explore the immunological roles of leptin, we developed a transgenic leptin pig controlled by the pig leptin (pleptin) promoter to overexpress leptin. Symptoms typically associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were evident in this transgenic pig strain, including anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia as well as kidney and liver impairment. Histologically, there were increased immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels, elevated antiplatelet antibody (APA) levels, and deposition of immune complexes in the kidney and liver. In addition, anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (dsDNAs), antinuclear antibodies (ANAs), and antinucleosome antibodies (ANuAs) were all significantly increased in serum immunological examinations. These findings were also accompanied by repression of the regulatory T cell (Treg) ratio. Significantly, glucocorticoid experimental therapies partially relieved the autoimmune responses and bleeding symptoms observed in these transgenic leptin pigs. Together, these results indicate that leptin plays a critical role in the development of autoimmune disorders and demonstrate that our transgenic leptin pigs can act as a valuable model of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchen Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weiqi Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weirong Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Cong Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianglin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Su
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weihu Long
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zuo
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Nie
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong-Ye Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Jiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- * E-mail: (XC); (HJW)
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- * E-mail: (XC); (HJW)
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Navarini L, Margiotta DPE, Vadacca M, Afeltra A. Leptin in autoimmune mechanisms of systemic rheumatic diseases. Cancer Lett 2018; 423:139-146. [PMID: 29548819 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the last two decades, white adipose tissue (WAT) has been recognized as a key actor of many physiological and pathological conditions. WAT is able to produce mediators, named "adipokines", which may affect systemic homeostasis. In particular, leptin is not only involved in appetite and energy metabolism, but also in immune system. Increasing evidence established that leptin can regulate both innate and adaptive immunity mainly with pro-inflammatory effects but also, to a lesser extent, with anti-inflammatory features. In autoimmune diseases, a failure or breakdown of the mechanisms of self-tolerance is observed. Leptin, which plays an important role in the control of immune balance, has been involved in autoimmunity generation and maintenance. In this review, it has been provided an up-to-date report about the role of leptin in systemic autoimmune diseases, with particular reference to connective tissue diseases, inflammatory arthritis, and vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Navarini
- Unit of Allergology, Immunology, Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Paolo Emanuele Margiotta
- Unit of Allergology, Immunology, Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marta Vadacca
- Unit of Allergology, Immunology, Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Afeltra
- Unit of Allergology, Immunology, Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
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Li HM, Zhang TP, Leng RX, Li XP, Wang DG, Li XM, Ye DQ, Pan HF. Association of leptin and leptin receptor gene polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus in a Chinese population. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:1732-1741. [PMID: 28244652 PMCID: PMC5571531 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the association of LEP and leptin receptor (LEPR) gene single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a Chinese population. Four LEPSNPs (rs11761556, rs12706832, rs2071045 and rs2167270) and nine LEPRSNPs (rs10749754, rs1137100, rs1137101, rs13306519, rs8179183, rs1805096, rs3790434, rs3806318 and rs7518632) were genotyped in a cohort of 633 patients with SLE and 559 healthy controls. Genotyping of SNPs was performed with improved multiple ligase detection reaction (iMLDR). No significant differences were detected for the distribution of allele and genotype frequencies of all 13 SNPs between patients with SLE and controls. The genotype effects of recessive, dominant and additive models were also analysed, but no significant evidence for association was detected. However, further analysis in patients with SLE showed that the TT genotype and T allele frequencies of the LEP rs2071045 polymorphism were nominally significantly higher in patients with pericarditis (P = 0.012, P = 0.011, respectively). In LEPR, the GA/AA genotype and A allele frequencies of the rs1137100 polymorphism were both nominally associated with photosensitivity in patients with SLE (P = 0.043, P = 0.018, respectively). Moreover, the genotype and allele distribution of rs3806318 were also nominally associated with photosensitivity in patients with SLE (P = 0.013, P = 0.008, respectively). No significant differences in serum leptin levels were observed in patients with SLE with different genotypes. In summary, LEP and LEPRSNPs are not associated with genetic susceptibility to SLE, but may contribute to some specific clinical phenotype of this disease; further studies are necessary to elucidate the exact role of LEP and LEPR genes in the pathogenesis of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Miao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tian-Ping Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Rui-Xue Leng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiang-Pei Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - De-Guang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dong-Qing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Leptin promotes systemic lupus erythematosus by increasing autoantibody production and inhibiting immune regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:10637-42. [PMID: 27588900 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1607101113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin is an adipocytokine that plays a key role in the modulation of immune responses and the development and maintenance of inflammation. Circulating levels of leptin are elevated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, but it is not clear whether this association can reflect a direct influence of leptin on the propathogenic events that lead to SLE. To investigate this possibility, we compared the extent of susceptibility to SLE and lupus manifestations between leptin-deficient (ob/ob) and H2-matched leptin-sufficient (wild-type, WT) mice that had been treated with the lupus-inducing agent pristane. Leptin deficiency protected ob/ob mice from the development of autoantibodies and renal disease and increased the frequency of immunoregulatory T cells (Tregs) compared with leptin-sufficient WT mice. The role of leptin in the development of SLE was confirmed in the New Zealand Black (NZB) × New Zealand White (NZW)F1 (NZB/W) mouse model of spontaneous SLE, where elevated leptin levels correlated with disease manifestations and the administration of leptin accelerated development of autoantibodies and renal disease. Conversely, leptin antagonism delayed disease progression and increased survival of severely nephritic NZB/W mice. At the cellular level, leptin promoted effector T-cell responses and facilitated the presentation of self-antigens to T cells, whereas it inhibited the activity of regulatory CD4 T cells. The understanding of the role of leptin in modulating autoimmune responses in SLE can open possibilities of leptin-targeted therapeutic intervention in the disease.
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