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Cortés-Morales VA, Vázquez-González WG, Montesinos JJ, Moreno-Ruíz L, Salgado-Pastor S, Salinas-Arreola PM, Díaz-Duarte K, Chávez-Rueda AK, Chávez-Sánchez L. Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote the M2 Phenotype in Macrophages Derived from STEMI Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16257. [PMID: 38003447 PMCID: PMC10671615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) leads to myocardial injury or necrosis, and M1 macrophages play an important role in the inflammatory response. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BM-MSCs) are capable of modulating macrophage plasticity, principally due to their immunoregulatory capacity. In the present study, we analyzed the capacity of MSCs to modulate macrophages derived from monocytes from patients with STEMI. We analyzed the circulating levels of cytokines associated with M1 and M2 macrophages in patients with STEMI, and the levels of cytokines associated with M1 macrophages were significantly higher in patients with STEMI than in controls. BM-MSCs facilitate the generation of M1 and M2 macrophages. M1 macrophages cocultured with MSCs did not have decreased M1 marker expression, but these macrophages had an increased expression of markers of the M2 macrophage phenotype (CD14, CD163 and CD206) and IL-10 and IL-1Ra signaling-induced regulatory T cells (Tregs). M2 macrophages from patients with STEMI had an increased expression of M2 phenotypic markers in coculture with BM-MSCs, as well as an increased secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines and an increased generation of Tregs. The findings in this study indicate that BM-MSCs have the ability to modulate the M1 macrophage response, which could improve cardiac tissue damage in patients with STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Adrián Cortés-Morales
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Wendy Guadalupe Vázquez-González
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Metabólicas del Hospital de Cardiología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Juan José Montesinos
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Luis Moreno-Ruíz
- División de Cardiología del Hospital de Cardiología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Selene Salgado-Pastor
- División de Cardiología del Hospital de Cardiología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Pamela Michelle Salinas-Arreola
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Metabólicas del Hospital de Cardiología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Karla Díaz-Duarte
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Metabólicas del Hospital de Cardiología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Adriana Karina Chávez-Rueda
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Luis Chávez-Sánchez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Metabólicas del Hospital de Cardiología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
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Liu Y, Si D, Bai P, Zhu L, Zhang L, Chen Q, Qi Y. CXCL10 May Be Responsible for Susceptibility to Pulmonary Embolism in COVID-19 Patients. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:4913-4924. [PMID: 37927958 PMCID: PMC10625331 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s431212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although the potential of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients to develop pulmonary embolism (PE) is widely recognized, the underlying mechanism has not been completely elucidated. This study aimed to identify genes common to COVID-19 and PE to reveal the underlying pathogenesis of susceptibility to PE in COVID-19 patients. Methods COVID-19 genes were obtained from the GEO database and the OMIM, CTD, GeneCards, and DisGeNET databases; PE genes were obtained from the OMIM, CTD, GeneCards, and DisGeNET databases. We overlapped the genes of COVID-19 and PE to obtain common genes for additional analysis, including functional enrichment, protein-protein interaction, and immune infiltration analysis. Hub genes were identified using cytoHubba, a plugin of Cytoscape, and validated using the independent datasets GSE167000 and GSE13535. The genes validated by the above datasets were further validated in clinical samples. Results We obtained 36 genes shared by PE and COVID-19. Functional enrichment and immune infiltration analyses revealed the involvement of cytokines and immune activation. Five genes (CCL2, CXCL10, ALB, EGF, and MKI67) were identified as hub genes common to COVID-19 and PE. CXCL10 was validated in both independent datasets (GSE167000 and GSE13535). Serum levels of CXCL10 in the COVID-19 group and the COVID-19 combined with PE group were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group (P<0.001). In addition, there were significant differences between the COVID-19 group and the COVID-19 combined with PE group (P<0.01). Conclusion Our study reveals common genes shared by PE and COVID-19 and identifies CXCL10 as a possible cause of susceptibility to PE in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Si
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 451464, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pingping Bai
- Department of Health Management, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Henan University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Qi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People’s Republic of China
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Kalinskaya A, Dukhin O, Lebedeva A, Maryukhnich E, Rusakovich G, Vorobyeva D, Shpektor A, Margolis L, Vasilieva E. Circulating Cytokines in Myocardial Infarction Are Associated With Coronary Blood Flow. Front Immunol 2022; 13:837642. [PMID: 35242141 PMCID: PMC8886043 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.837642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The level of systemic inflammation correlates with the severity of the clinical course of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). It has been shown that circulating cytokines and endothelial dysfunction play an important role in the process of clot formation. The aim of our study was to assess the concentration of various circulating cytokines, endothelial function and blood clotting in AMI patients depending on the blood flow through the infarction-related artery (IRA). Methods We included 75 patients with AMI. 58 presented with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and 17 had non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (non-STEMI). A flow-mediated dilation test (FMD test), thrombodynamics and rotational thromboelastometry as well as assessment of 14 serum cytokines using xMAP technology were performed. Findings Non-STEMI-patients were characterized by higher levels of MDC, MIP-1β, TNF-α. Moreover, we observed that patients with impaired blood flow through the IRA (TIMI flow 0-1) had higher average and initial clot growth rates, earlier onset of spontaneous clots, C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-10 compared to patients with preserved blood flow through the IRA (TIMI flow 2-3). Patients with TIMI 2-3 blood flow had higher level of IP-10. IL-10 correlated with CRP and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, initial clot growth rate and clot lysis time in TIMI 0-1 patients. All these differences were statistically significant. Interpretation We demonstrated that concentrations of the inflammatory cytokines correlate not only with the form of myocardial infarction (STEMI or non-STEMI), but also with the blood flow through the infarct-related artery. Inflammatory response, functional state of endothelium, and clot formation are closely linked with each other. A combination of these parameters affects the patency of the infarct-related artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kalinskaya
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia.,Clinical City Hospital named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Dukhin
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia.,Clinical City Hospital named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Lebedeva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Maryukhnich
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgy Rusakovich
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria Vorobyeva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Shpektor
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia.,Clinical City Hospital named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Elena Vasilieva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia.,Clinical City Hospital named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
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Rudzinskas S, Hoffman JF, Martinez P, Rubinow DR, Schmidt PJ, Goldman D. In vitro model of perimenopausal depression implicates steroid metabolic and proinflammatory genes. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:3266-3276. [PMID: 32788687 PMCID: PMC7878574 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00860-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The estimated 20-30% of women who develop perimenopausal depression (PMD) are at an increased risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. The therapeutic benefits of estradiol (E2) and symptom-provoking effects of E2-withdrawal (E2-WD) suggest that a greater sensitivity to changes in E2 at the cellular level contribute to PMD. We developed an in vitro model of PMD with lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from participants of a prior E2-WD clinical study. LCLs from women with past PMD (n = 8) or control women (n = 9) were cultured in three experimental conditions: at vehicle baseline, during E2 treatment, and following E2-WD. Transcriptome analysis revealed significant differences in transcript expression in PMD in all experimental conditions, and significant overlap in genes that were changed in PMD regardless of experimental condition. Of these, chemokine CXCL10, previously linked to cardiovascular disease, was upregulated in women with PMD, but most so after E2-WD (p < 1.55 × 10-5). CYP7B1, an enzyme intrinsic to DHEA metabolism, was upregulated in PMD across experimental conditions (F(1,45) = 19.93, p < 0.0001). These transcripts were further validated via qRT-PCR. Gene networks dysregulated in PMD included inflammatory response, early/late E2-response, and cholesterol homeostasis. Our results provide evidence that differential behavioral responsivity to E2-WD in PMD reflects intrinsic differences in cellular gene expression. Genes such as CXCL10, CYP7B1, and corresponding proinflammatory and steroid biosynthetic gene networks, may represent biomarkers and molecular targets for intervention in PMD. Finally, this in vitro model allows for future investigations into the mechanisms of genes and gene networks involved in the vulnerability to, and consequences of, PMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Rudzinskas
- Behavioral Endocrinology Branch, NIMH, Bethesda, MD, USA,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIAAA, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jessica F. Hoffman
- Behavioral Endocrinology Branch, NIMH, Bethesda, MD, USA,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIAAA, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Pedro Martinez
- Behavioral Endocrinology Branch, NIMH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David R. Rubinow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - David Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIAAA, Rockville, MD, USA
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5
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Szentes V, Gazdag M, Szokodi I, Dézsi CA. The Role of CXCR3 and Associated Chemokines in the Development of Atherosclerosis and During Myocardial Infarction. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1932. [PMID: 30210493 PMCID: PMC6119714 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR3 and associated CXC chemokines have been extensively investigated in several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases as well as in tumor development. Recent studies have indicated the role of these chemokines also in cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to present current knowledge regarding the role of CXCR3-binding chemokines in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and during acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Szentes
- Department of Cardiology, Petz Aladár County Teaching Hospital, Győr, Hungary
| | | | - István Szokodi
- Heart Institute, Medical School, and Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Csaba A Dézsi
- Department of Cardiology, Petz Aladár County Teaching Hospital, Győr, Hungary
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6
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Kleveland O, Ueland T, Kunszt G, Bratlie M, Yndestad A, Broch K, Holte E, Ryan L, Amundsen BH, Bendz B, Aakhus S, Espevik T, Halvorsen B, Mollnes TE, Wiseth R, Gullestad L, Aukrust P, Damås JK. Interleukin-6 receptor inhibition with tocilizumab induces a selective and substantial increase in plasma IP-10 and MIP-1β in non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2018; 271:1-7. [PMID: 29961572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.04.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of interleukin-6 inhibition with tocilizumab on the cytokine network in patients with acute non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). METHODS 117 patients with acute NSTEMI were randomised to an intravenous infusion of 280 mg tocilizumab or placebo prior to coronary angiography. Blood samples were obtained at baseline, at 6 consecutive points in time during hospitalisation, and at follow-up after 3 and 6 months. Cytokines (n = 27) were analysed with a multiplex cytokine assay. RESULTS Using a mixed between-within subjects analysis of variance, we observed a significant (p < 0.001) between-group difference in changes for interferon gamma-inducible protein (IP-10) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β), due to significant increases in the tocilizumab group during hospitalisation (i.e., IP-10 median change from baseline during hospitalisation (mΔ), placebo: 3 (-60, 68) pg/ml vs tocilizumab: 209 (69, 335) pg/ml; MIP-1β mΔ, placebo: 5 (-2, 12) pg/ml vs tocilizumab: 39 (24, 63) pg/ml). MIP-1β was inversely correlated to troponin T (r = -0.28, p < 0.05) and neutrophils (r = -0.32, p < 0.05) in the tocilizumab group. In contrast, tocilizumab had only modest or no effects on the other examined cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Tocilizumab led to a selective and substantial increase in IP-10 and MIP-1β during the acute phase of NSTEMI, with no or only minor effects on the other measured cytokines. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01491074.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Kleveland
- Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Centre of Inflammatory Research, University of Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Gabor Kunszt
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marte Bratlie
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Yndestad
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Centre of Inflammatory Research, University of Oslo, Norway; Centre for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaspar Broch
- K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Holte
- Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Liv Ryan
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Brage H Amundsen
- Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn Bendz
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svend Aakhus
- Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Terje Espevik
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway
| | - Tom E Mollnes
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Centre of Inflammatory Research, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Research laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway; Faculty of Health Sciences, K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Rune Wiseth
- Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars Gullestad
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre, University of Oslo, Norway; Centre for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Centre of Inflammatory Research, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Kristian Damås
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
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The CXCL10/CXCR3 Axis and Cardiac Inflammation: Implications for Immunotherapy to Treat Infectious and Noninfectious Diseases of the Heart. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:4396368. [PMID: 27795961 PMCID: PMC5066021 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4396368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence reveals involvement of T lymphocytes and adaptive immunity in the chronic inflammation associated with infectious and noninfectious diseases of the heart, including coronary artery disease, Kawasaki disease, myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathies, Chagas, hypertensive left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, and nonischemic heart failure. Chemokine CXCL10 is elevated in cardiovascular diseases, along with increased cardiac infiltration of proinflammatory Th1 and cytotoxic T cells. CXCL10 is a chemoattractant for these T cells and polarizing factor for the proinflammatory phenotype. Thus, targeting the CXCL10 receptor CXCR3 is a promising therapeutic approach to treating cardiac inflammation. Due to biased signaling CXCR3 also couples to anti-inflammatory signaling and immunosuppressive regulatory T cell formation when activated by CXCL11. Numbers and functionality of regulatory T cells are reduced in patients with cardiac inflammation, supporting the utility of biased agonists or biologicals to simultaneously block the pro-inflammatory and activate the anti-inflammatory actions of CXCR3. Other immunotherapy strategies to boost regulatory T cell actions include intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy, adoptive transfer, immunoadsorption, and low-dose interleukin-2/interleukin-2 antibody complexes. Pharmacological approaches include sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 agonists and vitamin D supplementation. A combined strategy of switching CXCR3 signaling from pro- to anti-inflammatory and improving Treg functionality is predicted to synergistically lessen adverse cardiac remodeling.
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van Diepen S, Alemayehu WG, Zheng Y, Theroux P, Newby LK, Mahaffey KW, Granger CB, Armstrong PW. Temporal changes in biomarkers and their relationships to reperfusion and to clinical outcomes among patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2016; 42:376-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s11239-016-1390-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Emerging importance of chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its ligands in cardiovascular diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:463-78. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20150666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The CXC chemokines, CXCL4, -9, -10, -11, CXCL4L1, and the CC chemokine CCL21, activate CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3), a cell-surface G protein-coupled receptor expressed mainly by Th1 cells, cytotoxic T (Tc) cells and NK cells that have a key role in immunity and inflammation. However, CXCR3 is also expressed by vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, and appears to be important in controlling physiological vascular function. In the last decade, evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studies has revealed the participation of CXCR3 and its ligands in multiple cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) of different aetiologies including atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, as well as in heart transplant rejection and transplant coronary artery disease (CAD). CXCR3 ligands have also proven to be valid biomarkers for the development of heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction, suggesting an underlining pathophysiological relation between levels of these chemokines and the development of adverse cardiac remodelling. The observation that several of the above-mentioned chemokines exert biological actions independent of CXCR3 provides both opportunities and challenges for developing effective drug strategies. In this review, we provide evidence to support our contention that CXCR3 and its ligands actively participate in the development and progression of CVDs, and may additionally have utility as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
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The multifaceted functions of CXCL10 in cardiovascular disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:893106. [PMID: 24868552 PMCID: PMC4017714 DOI: 10.1155/2014/893106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
C-X-C motif ligand 10 (CXCL10), or interferon-inducible protein-10, is a small chemokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family. Its members are responsible for leukocyte trafficking and act on tissue cells, like endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. CXCL10 is secreted by leukocytes and tissue cells and functions as a chemoattractant, mainly for lymphocytes. After binding to its receptor CXCR3, CXCL10 evokes a range of inflammatory responses: key features in cardiovascular disease (CVD). The role of CXCL10 in CVD has been extensively described, for example for atherosclerosis, aneurysm formation, and myocardial infarction. However, there seems to be a discrepancy between experimental and clinical settings. This discrepancy occurs from differences in biological actions between species (e.g. mice and human), which is dependent on CXCL10 signaling via different CXCR3 isoforms or CXCR3-independent signaling. This makes translation from experimental to clinical settings challenging. Furthermore, the overall consensus on the actions of CXCL10 in specific CVD models is not yet reached. The purpose of this review is to describe the functions of CXCL10 in different CVDs in both experimental and clinical settings and to highlight and discuss the possible discrepancies and translational difficulties. Furthermore, CXCL10 as a possible biomarker in CVD will be discussed.
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van Diepen S, Newby LK, Lopes RD, Stebbins A, Hasselblad V, James S, Roe MT, Ezekowitz JA, Moliterno DJ, Neumann FJ, Reist C, Mahaffey KW, Hochman JS, Hamm CW, Armstrong PW, Granger CB, Theroux P. Prognostic relevance of baseline pro- and anti-inflammatory markers in STEMI: an APEX AMI substudy. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:2127-33. [PMID: 23394896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plaque rupture, acute ischemia, and necrosis in acute coronary syndromes are accompanied by concurrent pro- and anti-inflammatory cascades. Whether STEMI clinical prediction models can be improved with the addition of baseline inflammatory biomarkers remains unknown. METHODS In an APEX-AMI trial substudy, 772 patients had a panel of 9 inflammatory serum biomarkers, high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP), and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) measured at baseline after randomization. Baseline biomarkers were incorporated into a clinical prediction model for a composite of 90-day death, shock, or heart failure. Incremental prognostic value was assessed using Net Reclassification Improvement (NRI) and Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI). RESULTS Individually, several biomarkers were independent predictors of clinical outcome: hsCRP (hazard ratio [HR] 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.21; p=0.007, per doubling), NT-proBNP (HR 1.14; 95% CI, 1.06-1.23; p<0.001, per doubling), interleukin (IL)-6 (HR 1.26; 95% CI, 1.12-1.41;p<0.001, per doubling), and inducible protein-10 (IP-10) (HR 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76-0.98; p<0.025, per doubling). The addition of baseline NT-proBNP (NRI 8.6%, p=0.028; IDI 0.030, p<0.001) and IL-6 (NRI 8.8%, p=0.012; IDI 0.036, p<0.001) improved the clinical risk prediction model and the addition of hsCRP (NRI 6.5%, p=0.069; IDI 0.018, p=0.004) yielded minimal improvement. After incorporating NT-proBNP into the model, the remaining biomarkers added little additional predictive value. CONCLUSIONS Multiple inflammatory biomarkers independently predicted 90-day death, shock or heart failure; however, they added little value to a clinical prediction model that included NT-proBNP. Future studies of inflammatory biomarkers in STEMI should report incremental value in a prediction model that includes NT-proBNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean van Diepen
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Cardiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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12
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Martin GE, Gouillou M, Hearps AC, Angelovich TA, Cheng AC, Lynch F, Cheng WJ, Paukovics G, Palmer CS, Novak RM, Jaworowski A, Landay AL, Crowe SM. Age-associated changes in monocyte and innate immune activation markers occur more rapidly in HIV infected women. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55279. [PMID: 23365694 PMCID: PMC3554695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is associated with immune dysfunction and the related development of conditions with an inflammatory pathogenesis. Some of these immune changes are also observed in HIV infection, but the interaction between immune changes with aging and HIV infection are unknown. Whilst sex differences in innate immunity are recognized, little research into innate immune aging has been performed on women. METHODS This cross-sectional study of HIV positive and negative women used whole blood flow cytometric analysis to characterize monocyte and CD8(+) T cell subsets. Plasma markers of innate immune activation were measured using standard ELISA-based assays. RESULTS HIV positive women exhibited elevated plasma levels of the innate immune activation markers CXCL10 (p<0.001), soluble CD163 (sCD163, p = 0.001), sCD14 (p = 0.022), neopterin (p = 0.029) and an increased proportion of CD16(+) monocytes (p = 0.009) compared to uninfected controls. Levels of the innate immune aging biomarkers sCD163 and the proportion of CD16(+) monocytes were equivalent to those observed in HIV negative women aged 14.5 and 10.6 years older, respectively. CXCL10 increased with age at an accelerated rate in HIV positive women (p = 0.002) suggesting a synergistic effect between HIV and aging on innate immune activation. Multivariable modeling indicated that age-related increases in innate immune biomarkers CXCL10 and sCD163 are independent of senescent changes in CD8(+) T lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS Quantifying the impact of HIV on immune aging reveals that HIV infection in women confers the equivalent of a 10-14 year increase in the levels of innate immune aging markers. These changes may contribute to the increased risk of inflammatory age-related diseases in HIV positive women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve E. Martin
- Centre for Virology, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maelenn Gouillou
- Centre for Population Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anna C. Hearps
- Centre for Virology, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thomas A. Angelovich
- Centre for Virology, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Allen C. Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fiona Lynch
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Wan-Jung Cheng
- Centre for Virology, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Geza Paukovics
- Centre for Virology, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Clovis S. Palmer
- Centre for Virology, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard M. Novak
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Anthony Jaworowski
- Centre for Virology, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alan L. Landay
- Department of Immunology/Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Suzanne M. Crowe
- Centre for Virology, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Fertin M, Dubois E, Belliard A, Amouyel P, Pinet F, Bauters C. Usefulness of circulating biomarkers for the prediction of left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 2012; 110:277-83. [PMID: 22482862 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricular (LV) remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) indicates a high risk of heart failure and death, but LV remodeling remains difficult to predict. Biomarkers may help to refine risk stratification for a more personalized medical approach. They may also shed light on the pathophysiologic processes involved. We performed a systematic review of the published evidence about the association of circulating biomarkers with LV remodeling after MI. We selected 59 publications. Overall, these studies examined 112 relations between 52 different biomarkers and LV remodeling. The biomarkers most consistently associated with LV remodeling were involved in extracellular matrix turnover or neurohormonal activation: matrix metalloproteinase-9, collagen peptides, and B-type natriuretic peptide. This review underscores the vitality of the research on LV remodeling but concludes that the ideal biomarker has not yet been identified. To reach this goal, future studies will have to be larger, have standardized imaging end points, and include replication populations to define optimal cutoffs for LV remodeling prediction. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance appears to be the best technique for LV remodeling assessment but its current availability may be a concern for recruitment for multicenter studies. Recent technologic advances will probably yield new candidate biomarkers of LV remodeling. Tests are necessary to determine whether a multimarker approach would significantly improve risk prediction.
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Baseline NT-proBNP and biomarkers of inflammation and necrosis in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: insights from the APEX-AMI trial. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2012; 34:106-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s11239-012-0691-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Miyoshi T, Doi M, Hirohata S, Kamikawa S, Usui S, Ogawa H, Sakane K, Izumi R, Ninomiya Y, Kusachi S. Olmesartan reduces arterial stiffness and serum adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein in hypertensive patients. Heart Vessels 2010; 26:408-13. [PMID: 21063874 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-010-0060-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) has been reported to be involved in insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, and atherosclerosis; however, little is known about the effect of medication on the change in circulating A-FABP in human subjects. We evaluated the effects of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (ARB) on arterial stiffness and its association with serum A-FABP in patients with hypertension. Thirty patients newly diagnosed with essential hypertension were treated with olmesartan (20 mg/day), an ARB, for 6 months. Serum levels of A-FABP and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were examined and the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), which is a marker of arterial stiffness, was also determined. Serum A-FABP at baseline was significantly correlated with the body mass index (r = 0.45, P = 0.01), homeostasis model assessment as a marker of insulin resistance (r = 0.53, P < 0.01), and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.37, P = 0.047), and tended to be correlated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and CAVI. Olmesartan treatment resulted in a significant decrease in CAVI, serum A-FABP levels, and hsCRP, besides a significant reduction of blood pressure. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the change in CAVI was independently correlated with the change in serum A-FABP. Olmesartan ameliorated arterial stiffness in patients with hypertension, which may be involved in the reduction of serum A-FABP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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Connective tissue growth factor induction in a pressure-overloaded heart ameliorated by the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker olmesartan. Hypertens Res 2010; 33:1305-11. [PMID: 20944640 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2010.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a secreted protein that regulates fibrosis. We hypothesized that CTGF is induced in a pressure-overloaded (PO) heart and that blocking the angiotensin II type 1 receptor would reduce CTGF expression. Accordingly, we administered olmesartan and compared its effects with other antihypertensive drugs in a PO heart. CTGF induction was determined in a rat PO model, and olmesartan, hydralazine or saline was continuously administered. The effects of olmesartan on CTGF induction, myocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis were evaluated. The effect of olmesartan on cardiac function was also examined in CTGF- and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)-infused rats. CTGF was increased in the PO heart 3 days after aortic banding and was markedly distributed around the perivascular fibrotic area. After 28 days, blood pressure was not significantly different in the olmesartan and hydralazine groups, but olmesartan treatment reduced CTGF distribution in PO hearts. Olmesartan was associated with a significantly reduced myocyte hypertrophy index (4.77±0.48 for olmesartan and 6.05±1.45 for saline, P<0.01), fibrosis area (32.0±15.5% compared with the saline group, P<0.05) and serum TGF-β1 level (62.6±10.6 ng ml⁻¹ for olmesartan and 84.4±7.2 ng ml⁻¹ for hydralazine, P<0.05). In addition, cardiac function was significantly preserved in the olmesartan group compared with the saline group. Finally, olmesartan ameliorated the cardiac dysfunction in CTGF- and TGF-β1-infused rats. Olmesartan attenuated CTGF induction, reduced perivascular fibrosis and ameliorated cardiac dysfunction in a PO heart. Our results provide insight into the beneficial effects of olmesartan on PO hearts, independent of blood-pressure lowering.
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Ørn S, Breland UM, Mollnes TE, Manhenke C, Dickstein K, Aukrust P, Ueland T. The chemokine network in relation to infarct size and left ventricular remodeling following acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 2009; 104:1179-83. [PMID: 19840558 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Revised: 06/11/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Increased circulating chemokines have been reported during acute myocardial infarction and might give prognostic information about future ischemic events. However, data on the chemokine network in relation to infarct size and measures of left ventricular remodeling after successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are lacking. A total of 42 patients with first-time ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction with a single occluded vessel were recruited, and cardiac magnetic resonance was used for serial assessment (2, 7, and 60 days) of infarct size and left ventricular remodeling. The chemokines were analyzed before and after PCI. After PCI, high levels of CCL4, CXCL16, CXCL10, and, in particular, CXCL8 within the first week after PCI correlated positively with the degree of myocardial damage, as reflected by correlations with the maximum troponin T levels and infarct size after 2 months, as assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance, and with impaired myocardial function after 2 months as assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance and neurohormonal methods. In contrast, the plasma levels of CCL3 and CXCL7 during the first week correlated negatively with myocardial dysfunction after 2 months. In conclusion, our findings suggest a role for chemokines in both adaptive and maladaptive responses after myocardial infarction and might support a role for CCL4, CXCL16, CXCL10, and, in particular, CXCL8 in postmyocardial infarction reperfusion and remodeling.
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Relationship between activin A level and infarct size in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing successful primary coronary intervention. Clin Chim Acta 2009; 401:3-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2008.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Revised: 08/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/28/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Yamawaki H, Hirohata S, Miyoshi T, Takahashi K, Ogawa H, Shinohata R, Demircan K, Kusachi S, Yamamoto K, Ninomiya Y. Hyaluronan receptors involved in cytokine induction in monocytes. Glycobiology 2008; 19:83-92. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwn109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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