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Hatefi M, Hadadnezhad M, Shojaedin S, Babakhani F, Tazji MK. The effects of the Posterior X Taping versus augmented feedback on lower-extremity kinematic and muscle activity pattern during unilateral weight-bearing activities in men with tibiofemoral varus malalignment. J Exp Orthop 2023; 10:70. [PMID: 37468708 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-023-00636-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Tibiofemoral Varus Malalignment (TFRV) contributes to overuse injuries by altering lower limb biomechanics. Both Posterior X Taping (PXT) and Real Time Feedback (RTF), have each been recommended for subjects with TFRV as they are thought to enhance control of excessive tibiofemoral rotations. This paper evaluates this claim. METHODS A total of recreational male 24 athletes with TFRV participated in the current study. Kinematic and electromyography variables of lower extremity were synchronously recorded on five consecutive repetitions of the single-legged-squat (SLS) and forward-step-down) FSD) tasks before and after applications of PXT and RTF. RESULTS The subjects at post-intervention in RTF group exhibited decreased hip adduction during FSD, and decreased hip adduction and internal rotation during eccentric and concentric phases of the SLS; Additionally, we observed increased gluteus medius activity during eccentric phase of the SLS and FSD tasks. In contrast, subjects at the post-intervention in PXT group exhibited decreased tibiofemoral external rotation and increased ankle external rotation during all the phases of both SLS and FSD tasks. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the PXT and RTF interventions are recommended to immediately improve the functional defects of the subjects with TFRV during SLS and FSD tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamadreza Hatefi
- Department of Biomechanics and Sport Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Malihe Hadadnezhad
- Department of Biomechanics and Sport Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadredin Shojaedin
- Department of Biomechanics and Sport Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Babakhani
- Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khaleghi Tazji
- Department of Biomechanics and Sport Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
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Ishida T, Samukawa M, Endo D, Kasahara S, Tohyama H. Effects of Changing Center of Pressure Position on Knee and Ankle Extensor Moments During Double-Leg Squatting. J Sports Sci Med 2022; 21:341-346. [PMID: 36157389 PMCID: PMC9459773 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2022.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The effects of changes in the anterior-posterior center of pressure (AP-COP) position on the lower limb joint moments during double-leg squatting remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of AP-COP positional changes on the hip, knee, and ankle extensor moments during double-leg squatting. Sixteen male participants (22.1 ± 1.5 years) performed double-leg squatting under two conditions (anterior and posterior COP conditions) with visual feedback on their COP positions. Kinematics and kinetics were analyzed using a three-dimensional motion analysis system and force plates. The hip, knee and ankle flexion angles and extensor moments at peak vertical ground reaction force were compared between the two conditions using paired t tests. The COP position was 53.5 ± 2.4% of the foot length, starting from the heel, under the anterior condition and 44.4 ± 2.1% under the posterior condition (P < 0.001). The knee extensor moment was significantly smaller under the anterior than the posterior COP condition (P = 0.003, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.087 to -0.021 Nm/kg/m), while the ankle extensor moment significantly larger under the anterior COP condition than under the posterior COP condition (P < 0.001, 95% CI 0.113 to 0.147 Nm/kg/m). There was no significant difference in hip extensor moment (P = 0.431). The ankle dorsiflexion angle was significantly larger under the anterior than the posterior COP condition (P = 0.003, 95% CI 0.6 to 2.6°), while there was no difference in trunk, hip, or knee flexion angle. The present results indicate that changes in the AP-COP position mainly affect the ankle and knee extensor moments during double-leg squatting, while the effect on the lower limb joint and trunk flexion angles was limited. Visual feedback on the AP-COP position could be useful for modifying the ankle and knee extensor moments during double-leg squatting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Ishida
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mina Samukawa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Endo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Peebles AT, Miller TK, Savla J, Ollendick T, Messier SP, Queen RM. Reduction of risk factors for ACL Re-injuries using an innovative biofeedback approach: A phase I randomized clinical trial. Phys Ther Sport 2022; 57:78-88. [PMID: 35940085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Determine the safety and initial efficacy of a novel biofeedback intervention to improve landing mechanics in patients following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). METHODS Forty patients post-ACLR (age: 16.9 ± 2.0 years) were randomly allocated to a biofeedback intervention or an attention control group. Patients in the biofeedback group completed 12 sessions over six-weeks that included bilateral unweighted squats with visual and tactile biofeedback. Patients in the control group completed a six-week educational program. Lower extremity mechanics were collected during a bilateral stop jump at baseline, six-weeks, and 12-weeks post-intervention. Linear mixed-effects models adjusted for sex and graft type determined the main effects of and interactions between group and time. RESULTS No group by time interaction existed for peak knee extension moment symmetry. A group by time interaction existed for peak vertical ground reaction force symmetry (p = 0.012), where patients in the biofeedback group had greater improvements in symmetry between baseline and post-intervention that were not maintained through the retention assessments. CONCLUSION This novel biofeedback program did not reduce risk factors for second ACL injuries. Future work could develop and test multidisciplinary interventions for reducing second ACL injury risk factors. CLINICALTRIALS GOV IDENTIFIER: (NCT03273673).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Peebles
- Granata Biomechanics Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Department of Engineering, Laurel Ridge Community College, Warrenton, VA, USA
| | - Thomas K Miller
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Jyoti Savla
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Thomas Ollendick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech Child Study Center, VVirginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Stephen P Messier
- J.B. Snow Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Robin M Queen
- Granata Biomechanics Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA.
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Hart HF, Patterson BE, Crossley KM, Culvenor AG, Khan MCM, King MG, Sritharan P. May the force be with you: understanding how patellofemoral joint reaction force compares across different activities and physical interventions-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2022; 56:521-530. [PMID: 35115309 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review and synthesise patellofemoral joint reaction force (PFJRF) in healthy individuals and those with patellofemoral pain and osteoarthritis (OA), during everyday activities, therapeutic exercises and with physical interventions (eg, foot orthotics, footwear, taping, bracing). DESIGN A systematic review with meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, SportDiscus and Cochrane Library databases were searched. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Observational and interventional studies reporting PFJRF during everyday activities, therapeutic exercises, and physical interventions. RESULTS In healthy individuals, the weighted average of mean (±SD) peak PFJRF for everyday activities were: walking 0.9±0.4 body weight (BW), stair ascent 3.2±0.7 BW, stair descent 2.8±0.5 BW and running 5.2±1.2 BW. In those with patellofemoral pain, peak PFJRF were: walking 0.8±0.2 BW, stair ascent 2.5±0.5 BW, stair descent 2.6±0.5 BW, running 4.1±0.9 BW. Only single studies reported peak PFJRF during everyday activities in individuals with patellofemoral OA/articular cartilage defects (walking 1.3±0.5 BW, stair ascent 1.6±0.4 BW, stair descent 1.0±0.5 BW). The PFJRF was reported for many different exercises and physical interventions; however, considerable variability precluded any pooled estimates. SUMMARY Everyday activities and exercises involving larger knee flexion (eg, squatting) expose the patellofemoral joint to higher PFJRF than those involving smaller knee flexion (eg, walking). There were no discernable differences in peak PFJRF during everyday activities between healthy individuals and those with patellofemoral pain/OA. The information on PFJRF may be used to select appropriate variations of exercises and physical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvi F Hart
- La Trobe Sports and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia .,Department of Physical Therapy, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brooke E Patterson
- La Trobe Sports and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kay M Crossley
- La Trobe Sports and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam G Culvenor
- La Trobe Sports and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michaela C M Khan
- Motion Analysis and Biofeedback Laboratory, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthew G King
- La Trobe Sports and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Prasanna Sritharan
- La Trobe Sports and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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Ludewig PM, Saini G, Hellem A, Kahnert EK, Rezvanifar SC, Braman JP, Staker JL. Changing our Diagnostic Paradigm Part II: Movement System Diagnostic Classification. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2022; 17:7-17. [PMID: 35024204 PMCID: PMC8720248 DOI: 10.26603/001c.30177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnostic classification is a foundational underpinning of providing care of the highest quality and value. Diagnosis is pattern recognition that can result in categories of conditions that ideally direct treatment. While pathoanatomic diagnoses are common and traditional in orthopaedic practice, they often are limited with regard to directing best practice physical therapy intervention. Replacement of pathoanatomic labels with non-specific regional pain labels has been proposed, and occurs frequently in clinical practice. For example non-specific low back pain or shoulder pain of unknown origin. These labels avoid some disadvantages of tissue specific pathoanatomic labels, but are not specific enough to direct treatment. A previously introduced movement system diagnostic framework is proposed and updated with application to shoulder conditions. This framework has potential for broad development and application across musculoskeletal physical therapist practice. Movement system diagnostic classification can advance and streamline practice if considered while recognizing the inherent movement variability across individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Ludewig
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota Divisions of Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Science
| | - Gaura Saini
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota Division of Rehabilitation Science
| | - Aaron Hellem
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota Divisions of Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Science
| | - Emily K Kahnert
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota Division of Rehabilitation Science; Orofacial Pain & Dental Sleep Medicine Clinic, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry
| | - S Cyrus Rezvanifar
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota Divisions of Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Science
| | | | - Justin L Staker
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota Divisions of Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Science
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Peebles AT, Williams B, Queen RM. Bilateral Squatting Mechanics Are Associated With Landing Mechanics in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Patients. Am J Sports Med 2021; 49:2638-2644. [PMID: 34236927 DOI: 10.1177/03635465211023761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proper lower extremity biomechanics during bilateral landing is important for reducing injury risk in athletes returning to sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Although landing is a quick ballistic movement that is difficult to modify, squatting is a slower cyclic movement that is ideal for motor learning. HYPOTHESIS There is a relationship between lower extremity biomechanics during bilateral landing and bilateral squatting in patients with an ACLR. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive laboratory study. METHODS A total of 41 patients after a unilateral ACLR (24 men, 17 women; 5.9 ± 1.4 months after ACLR) completed 15 unweighted bilateral squats and 10 bilateral stop-jumps. Three-dimensional lower extremity kinematics and kinetics were collected, and peak knee abduction angle, knee abduction/adduction range of motion, peak vertical ground-reaction force limb symmetry index (LSI), vertical ground-reaction force impulse LSI, and peak knee extension moment LSI were computed during the descending phase of the squatting and landing tasks. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare each outcome between limbs, and Spearman correlations were used to compare outcomes between the squatting and landing tasks. RESULTS The peak vertical ground reaction force, the vertical ground reaction force impulse, and the peak knee extension moment were reduced in the surgical (Sx) limb relative to the nonsurgical (NSx) limb during both the squatting and landing tasks (P < .001). The relationship between squatting and landing tasks was strong for the peak knee abduction angle (R = 0.697-0.737; P < .001); moderate for the frontal plane knee range of motion (NSx: R = 0.366, P = .019; Sx: R = 0.418, P = 0.007), the peak knee extension moment LSI (R = 0.573; P < .001), the vertical ground reaction force impulse LSI (R = 0.382; P < .014); and weak for the peak vertical ground reaction force LSI (R = 0.323; P = .039). CONCLUSION Patients who have undergone an ACLR continue to offload their surgical limb during both squatting and landing. Additionally, there is a relationship between movement deficits during squatting and movement deficits during landing in patients with an ACLR preparing to return to sports. CLINICAL RELEVANCE As movement deficits during squatting and landing were related before return to sports, this study suggests that interventional approaches to improve squatting biomechanics may translate to improved landing biomechanics in patients with an ACLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Peebles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Robin M Queen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
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Review of musculoskeletal modelling in a clinical setting: Current use in rehabilitation design, surgical decision making and healthcare interventions. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2021; 83:105292. [PMID: 33588135 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2021.105292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal modelling is a common means by which to non-invasively analyse movement. Such models have largely been used to observe function in both healthy and patient populations. However, utility in a clinical environment is largely unknown. The aim of this review was to explore existing uses of musculoskeletal models as a clinical intervention, or decision-making, tool. METHODS A literature search was performed using PubMed and Scopus to find articles published since 2010 and relating to musculoskeletal modelling and joint and muscle forces. FINDINGS 4662 abstracts were found, of which 39 relevant articles were reviewed. Journal articles were categorised into 5 distinct groups: non-surgical treatment, orthoses assessment, surgical decision making, surgical intervention assessment and rehabilitation regime assessment. All reviewed articles were authored by collaborations between clinicians and engineers/modellers. Current uses included insight into the development of osteoarthritis, identifying candidates for hamstring lengthening surgery, and the assessment of exercise programmes to reduce joint damage. INTERPRETATION There is little evidence showing the use of musculoskeletal modelling as a tool for patient care, despite the ability to assess long-term joint loading and muscle overuse during functional activities, as well as clinical decision making to avoid unfavourable treatment outcomes. Continued collaboration between model developers should aim to create clinically-friendly models which can be used with minimal input and experience by healthcare professionals to determine surgical necessity and suitability for rehabilitation regimes, and in the assessment of orthotic devices.
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McClinton SM, Cobian DG, Heiderscheit BC. Physical Therapist Management of Anterior Knee Pain. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2020; 13:776-787. [PMID: 33128200 PMCID: PMC7661565 DOI: 10.1007/s12178-020-09678-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Anterior knee pain is a common musculoskeletal complaint among people of all ages and activity levels. Non-operative approaches with an emphasis on physical therapy management are the recommended initial course of care. The purpose of this review is to describe the current evidence for physical therapist management of anterior knee pain with consideration of biomechanical and psychosocial factors. RECENT FINDINGS The latest research suggests anterior knee pain is a combination of biomechanical, neuromuscular, behavioral, and psychological factors. Education strategies to improve the patient's understanding of the condition and manage pain are supported by research. Strong evidence continues to support the primary role of exercise therapy and load progression to achieve long-term improvements in pain and function. Preliminary studies suggest blood flow restriction therapy and movement retraining may be useful adjunct techniques but require further well-designed studies. Anterior knee pain includes multiple conditions with patellofemoral pain being the most common. An insidious onset is typical and often attributed to changes in activity and underlying neuromuscular impairments. A thorough clinical history and physical examination aim to identify the patient's pain beliefs and behaviors, movement faults, and muscle performance that will guide treatment recommendations. Successful physical therapist management involves a combination of individualized patient education, pain management, and load control and progression, with an emphasis on exercise therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane M. McClinton
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA USA
| | - Daniel G. Cobian
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Bryan C. Heiderscheit
- Departments of Orthopedics & Rehabilitation and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
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