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Roles of microRNAs in Hepatitis C Virus Replication and Pathogenesis. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081776. [PMID: 36016398 PMCID: PMC9413378 DOI: 10.3390/v14081776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with the development of chronic liver diseases, e.g., fibrosis, cirrhosis, even hepatocellular carcinoma, and/or extra-hepatic diseases such as diabetes. As an obligatory intracellular pathogen, HCV absolutely relies on host cells to propagate and is able to modulate host cellular factors in favor of its replication. Indeed, lots of cellular factors, including microRNAs (miRNAs), have been identified to be dysregulated during HCV infection. MiRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate protein synthesis of their targeting mRNAs at the post-transcriptional level, usually by suppressing their target gene expression. The miRNAs dysregulated during HCV infection could directly or indirectly modulate HCV replication and/or induce liver diseases. Regulatory mechanisms of various miRNAs in HCV replication and pathogenesis have been characterized. Some dysregulated miRNAs have been considered as the biomarkers for the detection of HCV infection and/or HCV-related diseases. In this review, we intend to briefly summarize the identified miRNAs functioning at HCV replication and pathogenesis, focusing on the recent developments.
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2
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Battaglia R, Alonzo R, Pennisi C, Caponnetto A, Ferrara C, Stella M, Barbagallo C, Barbagallo D, Ragusa M, Purrello M, Di Pietro C. MicroRNA-Mediated Regulation of the Virus Cycle and Pathogenesis in the SARS-CoV-2 Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413192. [PMID: 34947989 PMCID: PMC8715670 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, microRNA-mediated regulation has been shown to be important in viral infections. In fact, viral microRNAs can alter cell physiology and act on the immune system; moreover, cellular microRNAs can regulate the virus cycle, influencing positively or negatively viral replication. Accordingly, microRNAs can represent diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of infectious processes and a promising approach for designing targeted therapies. In the past 18 months, the COVID-19 infection from SARS-CoV-2 has engaged many researchers in the search for diagnostic and prognostic markers and the development of therapies. Although some research suggests that the SARS-CoV-2 genome can produce microRNAs and that host microRNAs may be involved in the cellular response to the virus, to date, not enough evidence has been provided. In this paper, using a focused bioinformatic approach exploring the SARS-CoV-2 genome, we propose that SARS-CoV-2 is able to produce microRNAs sharing a strong sequence homology with the human ones and also that human microRNAs may target viral RNA regulating the virus life cycle inside human cells. Interestingly, all viral miRNA sequences and some human miRNA target sites are conserved in more recent SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs). Even if experimental evidence will be needed, in silico analysis represents a valuable source of information useful to understand the sophisticated molecular mechanisms of disease and to sustain biomedical applications.
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3
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Bulfoni M, Pravisani R, Dalla E, Cesselli D, Hidaka M, Di Loreto C, Eguchi S, Baccarani U. miRNA expression profiles in liver grafts of HCV and HIV/HCV-infected recipients, 6 months after liver transplantation. J Med Virol 2021; 93:4992-5000. [PMID: 33818800 PMCID: PMC8360178 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In hepatitis C virus (HCV)/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co‐infected patients, HIV enhances HCV replication and liver damage. Several microRNAs (miRNAs), active in pro‐fibrotic and inflammatory pathways, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this phenomenon. However, these miRNAs have been tested only in explanted cirrhotic livers, when the liver damage has become chronic and irreversible. No data are available on the early phase of viral infection, such as early after liver transplantation (LT). In the present study, the expression of miR‐101, miR‐122, miR‐155, miR‐192, miR‐200c, miR‐338, and miR‐532 was determined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction in liver biopsies of HCV (n = 19) and HCV/HIV‐infected (n = 20) LT recipients, as well as in a control group (n = 18) of noninfected patients, transplanted for alcoholic cirrhosis. The timing of liver biopsy was 6 months post‐LT. None of the patients was treated with direct‐acting anti‐HCV drugs. All co‐infected recipients had suppressed HIV viral load. Grading and staging were assessed according to the Ishak Classification. HCV and HIV viral load were measured in the sera. miR‐101 (p = .03), miR‐122 (p = .012), and miR‐192 (p = .038) were significantly downregulated in HCV/HIV co‐infected and HCV mono‐infected recipients when compared with noninfected recipients, and such downregulation was more pronounced in co‐infected ones. Moreover, in co‐infected recipients but not in mono‐infected ones, miR‐101 inversely correlated with the peripheral HCV‐RNA levels (r = .41, p = .04) and miR‐122 inversely correlated with peripheral HCV‐RNA levels (r = .49, p = .03) and with the histological grading (r = .51, p = .02). In conclusion, as early as 6 months after LT, the presence of HIV‐HCV co‐infection enhanced a significant downregulation of certain miRNAs that showed a direct correlation with HCV viral load and liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Riccardo Pravisani
- Department of Medicine, Liver-Kidney Transplant Unit, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Emiliano Dalla
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Daniela Cesselli
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.,Institute of Pathology, ASU FC, Udine, Italy
| | - Masaaki Hidaka
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Carla Di Loreto
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.,Institute of Pathology, ASU FC, Udine, Italy
| | - Susumu Eguchi
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Umberto Baccarani
- Department of Medicine, Liver-Kidney Transplant Unit, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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4
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Wang H, Lv Y, Wang C, Leng D, Yan Y, Blessing Fasae M, Madiha Zahra S, Jiang Y, Wang Z, Yang B, Bai Y. Systematic Analysis of Intestinal MicroRNAs Expression in HCC: Identification of Suitable Reference Genes in Fecal Samples. Front Genet 2019; 10:687. [PMID: 31456816 PMCID: PMC6700738 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an extremely fatal malignancy. Intestinal microRNAs, which can be detected in fecal samples in humans may be involved in the pathological process of HCC. Therefore, screening for functional intestinal microRNAs in fecal samples and investigating their potential roles in the molecular progression of HCC are necessary. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) has been widely used in microRNA expression studies. However, few genes have been reported as reference genes for intestinal microRNAs in fecal samples. In order to obtain a more accurately analyzed intestinal microRNAs expression, we first searched for reliable reference genes for intestinal microRNAs expression normalization during qRT-PCR, using three software packages (GeNorm, NormFinder, and Bestkeeper). Next we screened and predicted the target genes of the differentially intestinal microRNAs of control and HCC mice through quantitative RT-PCR or miRtarBase. Finally, we also analyzed the mRNA targets for enrichment of Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways using the DAVID Bioinformatic Resources database. This study has successfully screened relatively suitable reference genes and we have discovered that the differential intestinal microRNAs play significant roles in the development of HCC. The top reference genes identified in this study could provide a theoretical foundation for the reasonable selection of a suitable reference gene. Furthermore, the detection of intestinal microRNAs expression may serve as a promising therapeutic target for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan Lv
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Cao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dongjing Leng
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Moyondafoluwa Blessing Fasae
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Syeda Madiha Zahra
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Chronic Disease Research Institute, Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Chronic Disease Research Institute, Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yunlong Bai
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Chronic Disease Research Institute, Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
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LncRNAs with miRNAs in regulation of gastric, liver, and colorectal cancers: updates in recent years. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:4649-4677. [PMID: 31062053 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09837-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is a kind of RNAi molecule composed of hundreds to thousands of nucleotides. There are several major types of functional lncRNAs which participate in some important cellular pathways. LncRNA-RNA interaction controls mRNA translation and degradation or serves as a microRNA (miRNA) sponge for silencing. LncRNA-protein interaction regulates protein activity in transcriptional activation and silencing. LncRNA guide, decoy, and scaffold regulate transcription regulators of enhancer or repressor region of the coding genes for alteration of expression. LncRNA plays a role in cellular responses including the following activities: regulation of chromatin structural modification and gene expression for epigenetic and cell function control, promotion of hematopoiesis and maturation of immunity, cell programming in stem cell and somatic cell development, modulation of pathogen infection, switching glycolysis and lipid metabolism, and initiation of autoimmune diseases. LncRNA, together with miRNA, are considered the critical elements in cancer development. It has been demonstrated that tumorigenesis could be driven by homeostatic imbalance of lncRNA/miRNA/cancer regulatory factors resulting in biochemical and physiological alterations inside the cells. Cancer-driven lncRNAs with other cellular RNAs, epigenetic modulators, or protein effectors may change gene expression level and affect the viability, immortality, and motility of the cells that facilitate cancer cell cycle rearrangement, angiogenesis, proliferation, and metastasis. Molecular medicine will be the future trend for development. LncRNA/miRNA could be one of the potential candidates in this category. Continuous studies in lncRNA functional discrepancy between cancer cells and normal cells and regional and rational genetic differences of lncRNA profiles are critical for clinical research which is beneficial for clinical practice.
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Miquelestorena-Standley E, Tallet A, Collin C, Piver E, De Muret A, Salamé E, Bourlier P, Kervarrec T, Guyétant S, Pagès JC. Interest of variations in microRNA-152 and -122 in a series of hepatocellular carcinomas related to hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatol Res 2018; 48:566-573. [PMID: 28512857 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common outcome of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and constitutes the main burden of this disease. The molecular mechanisms underlying the development of HCC are multiple and might involve certain microRNA (miR). As discordant results have been reported concerning the detection of expression of miR-152 and miR-122 in HCC, our aim was to measure the levels of both miRs in serum and liver samples. METHODS We analyzed miR-152 and miR-122 expression by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction in a serum cohort from 14 HCV-infected patients who developed HCC, 20 HCV+ patients without HCC, and 19 control patients. We also studied miR-152 and miR-122 in an independent tissue cohort from 11 normal livers, and from paired HCC and non-tumor adjacent livers of 11 HCV-infected patients and 12 non-infected patients. RESULTS In serum samples, higher levels of miR-122 were found in non-HCC HCV+ compared to HCC HCV+ and control groups, whereas miR-152 was detectable in a lower range in HCC HCV+ compared to non-HCC HCV+ and control groups. We found higher signals for miR-122 and miR-152 in non-tumor liver and HCC tissues compared to control tissues. Hepatocellular carcinoma etiology had no detectable influence on miR-122 expression, whereas miR-152 was increased in HCV+ tissue samples. CONCLUSIONS Detection of low values of circulating miR-152 is a potentially interesting marker of hepatocarcinogenesis in HCV+ patients, in contrast to miR-122, which varies according to hepatocyte damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Miquelestorena-Standley
- CHRU de Tours, Laboratoire d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, Tours, France.,Université François-Rabelais de Tours, PRES Centre-Val de Loire Université, Tours, France.,INSERM Unité U966, Morphogénèse et Antigénicité du VIH et des Virus des Hépatites, Tours, France
| | - Anne Tallet
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, PRES Centre-Val de Loire Université, Tours, France.,INSERM Unité U966, Morphogénèse et Antigénicité du VIH et des Virus des Hépatites, Tours, France.,CHRU de Tours, Plateforme de Génétique Moléculaire des Cancers, Tours, France
| | - Christine Collin
- CHRU de Tours, Plateforme de Génétique Moléculaire des Cancers, Tours, France
| | - Eric Piver
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, PRES Centre-Val de Loire Université, Tours, France.,INSERM Unité U966, Morphogénèse et Antigénicité du VIH et des Virus des Hépatites, Tours, France.,CHRU de Tours, Plateforme de Génétique Moléculaire des Cancers, Tours, France
| | - Anne De Muret
- CHRU de Tours, Laboratoire d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, Tours, France
| | - Ephrem Salamé
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, PRES Centre-Val de Loire Université, Tours, France.,CHRU de Tours, Service de chirurgie digestive, endocrinienne et transplantation hépatique, Tours, France
| | - Pascal Bourlier
- CHRU de Tours, Service de chirurgie digestive, endocrinienne et transplantation hépatique, Tours, France
| | - Thibault Kervarrec
- CHRU de Tours, Laboratoire d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, Tours, France.,Université François-Rabelais de Tours, PRES Centre-Val de Loire Université, Tours, France
| | - Serge Guyétant
- CHRU de Tours, Laboratoire d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, Tours, France.,Université François-Rabelais de Tours, PRES Centre-Val de Loire Université, Tours, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Pagès
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, PRES Centre-Val de Loire Université, Tours, France.,INSERM Unité U966, Morphogénèse et Antigénicité du VIH et des Virus des Hépatites, Tours, France.,CHRU de Tours, Plateforme de Génétique Moléculaire des Cancers, Tours, France
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7
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Cui L, Markou A, Stratton CW, Lianidou E. Diagnosis and Assessment of Microbial Infections with Host and Microbial MicroRNA Profiles. ADVANCED TECHNIQUES IN DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY 2018. [PMCID: PMC7119978 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-95111-9_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) encoded by viral genome or host have been found participating in host-microbe interactions. Differential expression profiles of miRNAs were shown linking to specific disease pathologies which indicated its potency as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers of infectious disease. This was emphasized by the discovery of circulating miRNAs which were found to be remarkably stable in mammalian biofluids. Standardized methods of miRNA quantification including RNA isolation should be established before they will be ready for use in clinical practice.
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9
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Ojha CR, Rodriguez M, Dever SM, Mukhopadhyay R, El-Hage N. Mammalian microRNA: an important modulator of host-pathogen interactions in human viral infections. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:74. [PMID: 27784307 PMCID: PMC5081962 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0292-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are small non-coding RNAs expressed by almost all metazoans, have key roles in the regulation of cell differentiation, organism development and gene expression. Thousands of miRNAs regulating approximately 60 % of the total human genome have been identified. They regulate genetic expression either by direct cleavage or by translational repression of the target mRNAs recognized through partial complementary base pairing. The active and functional unit of miRNA is its complex with Argonaute proteins known as the microRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC). De-regulated miRNA expression in the human cell may contribute to a diverse group of disorders including cancer, cardiovascular dysfunctions, liver damage, immunological dysfunction, metabolic syndromes and pathogenic infections. Current day studies have revealed that miRNAs are indeed a pivotal component of host-pathogen interactions and host immune responses toward microorganisms. miRNA is emerging as a tool for genetic study, therapeutic development and diagnosis for human pathogenic infections caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi. Many pathogens can exploit the host miRNA system for their own benefit such as surviving inside the host cell, replication, pathogenesis and bypassing some host immune barriers, while some express pathogen-encoded miRNA inside the host contributing to their replication, survival and/or latency. In this review, we discuss the role and significance of miRNA in relation to some pathogenic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chet Raj Ojha
- Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Florida, USA.
| | - Myosotys Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Florida, USA
| | - Seth M Dever
- Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Florida, USA
| | - Rita Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Florida, USA
| | - Nazira El-Hage
- Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Florida, USA
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10
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Meissner EG, Kohli A, Virtaneva K, Sturdevant D, Martens C, Porcella SF, McHutchison JG, Masur H, Kottilil S. Achieving sustained virologic response after interferon-free hepatitis C virus treatment correlates with hepatic interferon gene expression changes independent of cirrhosis. J Viral Hepat 2016; 23:496-505. [PMID: 26840694 PMCID: PMC5021171 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can now be treated with oral directly acting antiviral agents, either with or without ribavirin (RBV). Virologic relapse after treatment can occur, and in some studies was more common in cirrhotic subjects. We previously observed changes in hepatic immunity during interferon (IFN)-free therapy that correlated with favourable outcome in subjects with early liver disease. Here, we compared changes in endogenous IFN pathways during IFN-free, RBV-free therapy between cirrhotic and noncirrhotic subjects. mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression analyses were performed on paired pre- and post-treatment liver biopsies from genotype-1 HCV subjects treated with sofosbuvir/ledipasvir (SOF/LDV) for 12 weeks (n = 4, 3 cirrhotics) or SOF/LDV combined with GS-9669 or GS-9451 for 6 weeks (n = 6, 0 cirrhotics). Nine of ten subjects achieved a sustained virologic response (SVR), while one noncirrhotic subject relapsed. Hepatic IFN-stimulated gene expression decreased with treatment in the liver of all subjects, with no observable impact of cirrhosis. Hepatic gene expression of type III IFNs (IFNL1, IFNL3, IFNL4-ΔG) similarly decreased with treatment, while IFNA2 expression, undetectable in all subjects pretreatment, was detected post-treatment in three subjects who achieved a SVR. Only the subject who relapsed had detectable IFNL4-ΔG expression in post-treatment liver. Other IFNs had no change in gene expression (IFNG, IFNB1, IFNA5) or could not be detected. Although expression of multiple hepatic miRNAs changed with treatment, many miRNAs previously implicated in HCV replication and IFN signalling had unchanged expression. In conclusion, favourable treatment outcome during IFN-free HCV therapy is associated with changes in the host IFN response regardless of cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. G. Meissner
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of Microbiology and ImmunologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA,Laboratory of ImmunoregulationNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA,Critical Care Medicine DepartmentNIH Clinical CenterBethesdaMDUSA
| | - A. Kohli
- Laboratory of ImmunoregulationNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA,St Joseph's Hospital and Medical CenterDepartment of HepatologyCreighton University School of MedicinePhoenixAZUSA
| | - K. Virtaneva
- Genomics UnitResearch Technologies SectionRocky Mountain LaboratoriesNIAID, NIHHamiltonMTUSA
| | - D. Sturdevant
- Genomics UnitResearch Technologies SectionRocky Mountain LaboratoriesNIAID, NIHHamiltonMTUSA
| | - C. Martens
- Genomics UnitResearch Technologies SectionRocky Mountain LaboratoriesNIAID, NIHHamiltonMTUSA
| | - S. F. Porcella
- Genomics UnitResearch Technologies SectionRocky Mountain LaboratoriesNIAID, NIHHamiltonMTUSA
| | | | - H. Masur
- St Joseph's Hospital and Medical CenterDepartment of HepatologyCreighton University School of MedicinePhoenixAZUSA
| | - S. Kottilil
- Laboratory of ImmunoregulationNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA,Division of Clinical Care and ResearchInstitute of Human VirologyUniversity of MarylandBaltimoreMDUSA
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Mizuguchi Y, Takizawa T, Yoshida H, Uchida E. Dysregulated miRNA in progression of hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review. Hepatol Res 2016; 46:391-406. [PMID: 26490438 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most frequent cancer and the third cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The primary risk factor for HCC is liver cirrhosis secondary to persistent infection with hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus. Although a number of cellular phenomena and molecular events have been reported to facilitate tumor initiation, progression and metastasis, the exact etiology of HCC has not yet been fully uncovered. miRNA, a class of non-coding RNA, negatively regulate post-transcriptional processes that participate in crucial biological processes, including development, differentiation, apoptosis and proliferation. In the liver, specific miRNA can be negative regulators of gene expression. Recent studies have uncovered the contribution of miRNA to cancer pathogenesis as they can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. In addition, other studies have demonstrated their potential value in the clinical management of patients with HCC as some miRNA may be used as prognostic or diagnostic markers. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the roles of miRNA in the carcinogenesis and progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Surgery, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Uchida
- Department of Surgery, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Sharma A, Balakathiresan NS, Maheshwari RK. Chikungunya Virus Infection Alters Expression of MicroRNAs Involved in Cellular Proliferation, Immune Response and Apoptosis. Intervirology 2016; 58:332-41. [PMID: 26829480 DOI: 10.1159/000441309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a reemerging virus of significant importance that has caused large-scale outbreaks in the countries with a temperate climate. CHIKV causes debilitating arthralgia which can persist for weeks and up to a year. Fibroblast cells are the main target of CHIKV infection. In this study, we analyzed microRNA (miRNA) modulation in the fibroblast cells infected with CHIKV at an early stage of infection. METHODS 760 miRNAs were analyzed for modulation following infection with CHIKV at 6 h after infection. Bioinformatic analysis was done to identify the signaling pathway that may be targeted by the significantly modulated miRNAs. Validation of the miRNAs was done using a singleplex miRNA assay and protein target validation of modulated miRNAs was done by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Computational analysis of the significantly modulated miRNAs indicated their involvement in signaling pathways such as Toll-like receptor, mTOR, JAK-STAT and Pi3-Akt pathways, which have been shown to play important roles during CHIKV infection. Topoisomerase IIβ, a target of two of the modulated miRNAs, was downregulated upon CHIKV infection. CONCLUSION(S) We identified several miRNAs that may play important roles in early events after CHIKV infection and can be potential therapeutic targets against CHIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Sharma
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md., USA
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13
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Jia KT, Zhang J, Jia P, Zeng L, Jin Y, Yuan Y, Chen J, Hong Y, Yi M. Identification of MicroRNAs in Zebrafish Spermatozoa. Zebrafish 2015; 12:387-97. [PMID: 26418264 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2015.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) participate in almost all biological processes. Plenty of evidences show that some testis- or spermatozoa-specific miRNAs play crucial roles in the process of gonad and germ cell development. In this study, the spermatozoa miRNA profiles were investigated through a combination of illumina deep sequencing and bioinformatics analysis in zebrafish. Deep sequencing of small RNAs yielded 11,820,680 clean reads. By mapping to the zebrafish genome, we identified 400 novel and 204 known miRNAs that could be grouped into 104 families. Furthermore, we selected the six highest expressions of known miRNAs to detect their expression patterns in different tissues by stem-loop quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We found that among the six miRNAs, dre-miR-202-5p displayed specific and high expression in zebrafish spermatozoa and testis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis indicated that dre-miR-202-5p was predominantly expressed in all kind of germ cells at different spermatogenetic stages, including spermatogonia and spermatozoa, but barely expressed in the germ cells in the ovary. This sex-biased expression pattern suggests that dre-miR-202-5p might be related to spermatogenesis and the functioning of spermatozoa. The identification of miRNAs in zebrafish spermatozoa and germ cells offers new insights into the spermatogenesis and spermatozoa in the teleost and other vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Tong Jia
- 1 School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China .,2 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China .,3 South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- 1 School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China .,2 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China .,3 South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Jia
- 1 School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China .,2 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China .,3 South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zeng
- 1 School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China .,2 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China .,3 South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilin Jin
- 1 School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China .,2 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China .,3 South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongming Yuan
- 4 Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jieying Chen
- 1 School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China .,2 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunhan Hong
- 4 Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Meisheng Yi
- 1 School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China .,2 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China .,3 South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
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Mizuguchi Y, Takizawa T, Uchida E. Host cellular microRNA involvement in the control of hepatitis B virus gene expression and replication. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:696-702. [PMID: 25866606 PMCID: PMC4388997 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i4.696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of studies have demonstrated that the synergistic collaboration of a number of microRNAs (miRNAs), their growth factors and their downstream agents is required for the initiation and completion of pathogenesis in the liver. miRNAs are thought to exert a profound effect on almost every aspect of liver biology and pathology. Accumulating evidence indicates that several miRNAs are involved in the hepatitis B virus (HBV) life cycle and infectivity, in addition to HBV-associated liver diseases including fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In turn, HBV can modulate the expression of several cellular miRNAs, thus promoting a favorable environment for its replication and survival. In this review, we focused on the involvement of host cellular miRNAs that are directly and indirectly associated with HBV RNA or HBV associated transcription factors. Exploring different facets of the interactions among miRNA, HBV and HCV infections, and the carcinogenesis and progress of HCC, could facilitate the development of novel and effective treatment approaches for liver disease.
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