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Kochumon S, Malik MZ, Sindhu S, Arefanian H, Jacob T, Bahman F, Nizam R, Hasan A, Thomas R, Al-Rashed F, Shenouda S, Wilson A, Albeloushi S, Almansour N, Alhamar G, Al Madhoun A, Alzaid F, Thanaraj TA, Koistinen HA, Tuomilehto J, Al-Mulla F, Ahmad R. Gut Dysbiosis Shaped by Cocoa Butter-Based Sucrose-Free HFD Leads to Steatohepatitis, and Insulin Resistance in Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:1929. [PMID: 38931284 PMCID: PMC11207001 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-fat diets cause gut dysbiosis and promote triglyceride accumulation, obesity, gut permeability changes, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Both cocoa butter and fish oil are considered to be a part of healthy diets. However, their differential effects on gut microbiome perturbations in mice fed high concentrations of these fats, in the absence of sucrose, remains to be elucidated. The aim of the study was to test whether the sucrose-free cocoa butter-based high-fat diet (C-HFD) feeding in mice leads to gut dysbiosis that associates with a pathologic phenotype marked by hepatic steatosis, low-grade inflammation, perturbed glucose homeostasis, and insulin resistance, compared with control mice fed the fish oil based high-fat diet (F-HFD). RESULTS C57BL/6 mice (5-6 mice/group) were fed two types of high fat diets (C-HFD and F-HFD) for 24 weeks. No significant difference was found in the liver weight or total body weight between the two groups. The 16S rRNA sequencing of gut bacterial samples displayed gut dysbiosis in C-HFD group, with differentially-altered microbial diversity or relative abundances. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were highly abundant in C-HFD group, while the Verrucomicrobia, Saccharibacteria (TM7), Actinobacteria, and Tenericutes were more abundant in F-HFD group. Other taxa in C-HFD group included the Bacteroides, Odoribacter, Sutterella, Firmicutes bacterium (AF12), Anaeroplasma, Roseburia, and Parabacteroides distasonis. An increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio in C-HFD group, compared with F-HFD group, indicated the gut dysbiosis. These gut bacterial changes in C-HFD group had predicted associations with fatty liver disease and with lipogenic, inflammatory, glucose metabolic, and insulin signaling pathways. Consistent with its microbiome shift, the C-HFD group showed hepatic inflammation and steatosis, high fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance, increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis (Acetyl CoA carboxylases 1 (Acaca), Fatty acid synthase (Fasn), Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (Scd1), Elongation of long-chain fatty acids family member 6 (Elovl6), Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (Pparg) and cholesterol synthesis (β-(hydroxy β-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (Hmgcr). Non-significant differences were observed regarding fatty acid uptake (Cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), Fatty acid binding protein-1 (Fabp1) and efflux (ATP-binding cassette G1 (Abcg1), Microsomal TG transfer protein (Mttp) in C-HFD group, compared with F-HFD group. The C-HFD group also displayed increased gene expression of inflammatory markers including Tumor necrosis factor alpha (Tnfa), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (Ccl2), and Interleukin-12 (Il12), as well as a tendency for liver fibrosis. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the sucrose-free C-HFD feeding in mice induces gut dysbiosis which associates with liver inflammation, steatosis, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihab Kochumon
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (S.K.); (M.Z.M.); (S.S.); (H.A.); (T.J.); (F.B.); (R.N.); (A.H.); (R.T.); (F.A.-R.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (S.A.); (N.A.); (G.A.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.); (T.A.T.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Md. Zubbair Malik
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (S.K.); (M.Z.M.); (S.S.); (H.A.); (T.J.); (F.B.); (R.N.); (A.H.); (R.T.); (F.A.-R.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (S.A.); (N.A.); (G.A.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.); (T.A.T.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Sardar Sindhu
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (S.K.); (M.Z.M.); (S.S.); (H.A.); (T.J.); (F.B.); (R.N.); (A.H.); (R.T.); (F.A.-R.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (S.A.); (N.A.); (G.A.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.); (T.A.T.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Hossein Arefanian
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (S.K.); (M.Z.M.); (S.S.); (H.A.); (T.J.); (F.B.); (R.N.); (A.H.); (R.T.); (F.A.-R.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (S.A.); (N.A.); (G.A.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.); (T.A.T.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Texy Jacob
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (S.K.); (M.Z.M.); (S.S.); (H.A.); (T.J.); (F.B.); (R.N.); (A.H.); (R.T.); (F.A.-R.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (S.A.); (N.A.); (G.A.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.); (T.A.T.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Fatemah Bahman
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (S.K.); (M.Z.M.); (S.S.); (H.A.); (T.J.); (F.B.); (R.N.); (A.H.); (R.T.); (F.A.-R.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (S.A.); (N.A.); (G.A.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.); (T.A.T.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Rasheeba Nizam
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (S.K.); (M.Z.M.); (S.S.); (H.A.); (T.J.); (F.B.); (R.N.); (A.H.); (R.T.); (F.A.-R.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (S.A.); (N.A.); (G.A.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.); (T.A.T.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Amal Hasan
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (S.K.); (M.Z.M.); (S.S.); (H.A.); (T.J.); (F.B.); (R.N.); (A.H.); (R.T.); (F.A.-R.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (S.A.); (N.A.); (G.A.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.); (T.A.T.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Reeby Thomas
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (S.K.); (M.Z.M.); (S.S.); (H.A.); (T.J.); (F.B.); (R.N.); (A.H.); (R.T.); (F.A.-R.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (S.A.); (N.A.); (G.A.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.); (T.A.T.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Fatema Al-Rashed
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (S.K.); (M.Z.M.); (S.S.); (H.A.); (T.J.); (F.B.); (R.N.); (A.H.); (R.T.); (F.A.-R.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (S.A.); (N.A.); (G.A.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.); (T.A.T.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Steve Shenouda
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (S.K.); (M.Z.M.); (S.S.); (H.A.); (T.J.); (F.B.); (R.N.); (A.H.); (R.T.); (F.A.-R.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (S.A.); (N.A.); (G.A.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.); (T.A.T.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Ajit Wilson
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (S.K.); (M.Z.M.); (S.S.); (H.A.); (T.J.); (F.B.); (R.N.); (A.H.); (R.T.); (F.A.-R.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (S.A.); (N.A.); (G.A.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.); (T.A.T.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Shaima Albeloushi
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (S.K.); (M.Z.M.); (S.S.); (H.A.); (T.J.); (F.B.); (R.N.); (A.H.); (R.T.); (F.A.-R.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (S.A.); (N.A.); (G.A.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.); (T.A.T.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Nourah Almansour
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (S.K.); (M.Z.M.); (S.S.); (H.A.); (T.J.); (F.B.); (R.N.); (A.H.); (R.T.); (F.A.-R.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (S.A.); (N.A.); (G.A.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.); (T.A.T.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Ghadeer Alhamar
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (S.K.); (M.Z.M.); (S.S.); (H.A.); (T.J.); (F.B.); (R.N.); (A.H.); (R.T.); (F.A.-R.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (S.A.); (N.A.); (G.A.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.); (T.A.T.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Ashraf Al Madhoun
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (S.K.); (M.Z.M.); (S.S.); (H.A.); (T.J.); (F.B.); (R.N.); (A.H.); (R.T.); (F.A.-R.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (S.A.); (N.A.); (G.A.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.); (T.A.T.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Fawaz Alzaid
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (S.K.); (M.Z.M.); (S.S.); (H.A.); (T.J.); (F.B.); (R.N.); (A.H.); (R.T.); (F.A.-R.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (S.A.); (N.A.); (G.A.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.); (T.A.T.); (F.A.-M.)
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Thangavel Alphonse Thanaraj
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (S.K.); (M.Z.M.); (S.S.); (H.A.); (T.J.); (F.B.); (R.N.); (A.H.); (R.T.); (F.A.-R.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (S.A.); (N.A.); (G.A.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.); (T.A.T.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Heikki A. Koistinen
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland;
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland;
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland;
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (S.K.); (M.Z.M.); (S.S.); (H.A.); (T.J.); (F.B.); (R.N.); (A.H.); (R.T.); (F.A.-R.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (S.A.); (N.A.); (G.A.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.); (T.A.T.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Rasheed Ahmad
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait; (S.K.); (M.Z.M.); (S.S.); (H.A.); (T.J.); (F.B.); (R.N.); (A.H.); (R.T.); (F.A.-R.); (S.S.); (A.W.); (S.A.); (N.A.); (G.A.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.); (T.A.T.); (F.A.-M.)
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Son JE. Genetics, pharmacotherapy, and dietary interventions in childhood obesity. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES : A PUBLICATION OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY FOR PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, SOCIETE CANADIENNE DES SCIENCES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2024; 27:12861. [PMID: 38863827 PMCID: PMC11165095 DOI: 10.3389/jpps.2024.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Childhood obesity has emerged as a major global health issue, contributing to the increased prevalence of chronic conditions and adversely affecting the quality of life and future prospects of affected individuals, thereby presenting a substantial societal challenge. This complex condition, influenced by the interplay of genetic predispositions and environmental factors, is characterized by excessive energy intake due to uncontrolled appetite regulation and a Westernized diet. Managing obesity in childhood requires specific considerations compared with adulthood, given the vulnerability of the critical juvenile-adolescent period to toxicity and developmental defects. Consequently, common treatment options for adult obesity may not directly apply to younger populations. Therefore, research on childhood obesity has focused on genetic defects in regulating energy intake, alongside pharmacotherapy and dietary interventions as management approaches, with an emphasis on safety concerns. This review aims to summarize canonical knowledge and recent findings on genetic factors contributing to childhood obesity. Additionally, it assesses the efficacy and safety of existing pharmacotherapies and dietary interventions and suggests future research directions. By providing a comprehensive understanding of the complex dynamics of childhood obesity, this review aims to offer insights into more targeted and effective strategies for addressing this condition, including personalized healthcare solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Eun Son
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Research Institute of Tailored Food Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Phillips N, Gray SR, Combet E, Witard OC. Long-chain n -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for the management of age- and disease-related declines in skeletal muscle mass, strength and physical function. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2024; 27:98-105. [PMID: 37874045 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review uses the hierarchy of evidence as a framework to critically evaluate the effect of long chain n -3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC n -3 PUFA) ingestion alone, or as an adjunctive intervention to resistance training, on muscle health-related outcomes in healthy and clinical older adult populations. RECENT FINDINGS Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials consistently report small, but clinically-relevant, effects of LC n -3 PUFA ingestion on strength outcomes, whereas mixed findings have been reported regarding changes in muscle mass and physical function. Cohort studies indicate an association between higher dietary LC n -3 PUFA intake and reduced likelihood of a sarcopenia diagnosis. Acute metabolic studies provide limited evidence for an effect of LC n -3 PUFA ingestion alone, or in combination with resistance training, on free-living integrated rates of MPS, static markers of muscle protein breakdown, or satellite cell activation in healthy older adults. SUMMARY Recent data supports the efficacy of LCn-3 PUFA ingestion to facilitate small, but clinically relevant, improvements in muscle strength in healthy and clinical older adult populations. The mechanism(s) that underpin the action of LC n -3 PUFA in promoting strength outcomes remain unknown, but likely relate to neuromuscular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Phillips
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences
| | - Stuart R Gray
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences
| | - Emilie Combet
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Oliver C Witard
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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Zagkos L, Dib MJ, Pinto R, Gill D, Koskeridis F, Drenos F, Markozannes G, Elliott P, Zuber V, Tsilidis K, Dehghan A, Tzoulaki I. Associations of genetically predicted fatty acid levels across the phenome: A mendelian randomisation study. PLoS Med 2022; 19:e1004141. [PMID: 36580444 PMCID: PMC9799317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acids are important dietary factors that have been extensively studied for their implication in health and disease. Evidence from epidemiological studies and randomised controlled trials on their role in cardiovascular, inflammatory, and other diseases remains inconsistent. The objective of this study was to assess whether genetically predicted fatty acid concentrations affect the risk of disease across a wide variety of clinical health outcomes. METHODS AND FINDINGS The UK Biobank (UKB) is a large study involving over 500,000 participants aged 40 to 69 years at recruitment from 2006 to 2010. We used summary-level data for 117,143 UKB samples (base dataset), to extract genetic associations of fatty acids, and individual-level data for 322,232 UKB participants (target dataset) to conduct our discovery analysis. We studied potentially causal relationships of circulating fatty acids with 845 clinical diagnoses, using mendelian randomisation (MR) approach, within a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) framework. Regression models in PheWAS were adjusted for sex, age, and the first 10 genetic principal components. External summary statistics were used for replication. When several fatty acids were associated with a health outcome, multivariable MR and MR-Bayesian method averaging (MR-BMA) was applied to disentangle their causal role. Genetic predisposition to higher docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was associated with cholelithiasis and cholecystitis (odds ratio per mmol/L: 0.76, 95% confidence interval: 0.66 to 0.87). This was supported in replication analysis (FinnGen study) and by the genetically predicted omega-3 fatty acids analyses. Genetically predicted linoleic acid (LA), omega-6, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and total fatty acids (total FAs) showed positive associations with cardiovascular outcomes with support from replication analysis. Finally, higher genetically predicted levels of DHA (0.83, 0.73 to 0.95) and omega-3 (0.83, 0.75 to 0.92) were found to have a protective effect on obesity, which was supported using body mass index (BMI) in the GIANT consortium as replication analysis. Multivariable MR analysis suggested a direct detrimental effect of LA (1.64, 1.07 to 2.50) and omega-6 fatty acids (1.81, 1.06 to 3.09) on coronary heart disease (CHD). MR-BMA prioritised LA and omega-6 fatty acids as the top risk factors for CHD. Although we present a range of sensitivity analyses to the address MR assumptions, horizontal pleiotropy may still bias the reported associations and further evaluation in clinical trials is needed. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests potentially protective effects of circulating DHA and omega-3 concentrations on cholelithiasis and cholecystitis and on obesity, highlighting the need to further assess them as prevention treatments in clinical trials. Moreover, our findings do not support the supplementation of unsaturated fatty acids for cardiovascular disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loukas Zagkos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Joe Dib
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rui Pinto
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Chief Scientific Advisor Office, Research and Early Development, Novo Nordisk, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fotios Koskeridis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Fotios Drenos
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georgios Markozannes
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- BHF Centre of Excellence at Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Verena Zuber
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kostas Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
- BHF Centre of Excellence at Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Lu L, Li X, Lv L, Xu Y, Wu B, Huang C. Associations between omega-3 fatty acids and insulin resistance and body composition in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1016943. [PMID: 36276838 PMCID: PMC9581053 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1016943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is strongly associated with abdominal obesity and insulin resistance and effective approaches to nutrition (e.g., omega-3 fatty acids intake) might improve the cardiometabolic risk profile. This study aimed to examine the associations of dietary and serum omega-3 fatty acids with insulin resistance (IR) and body composition among PCOS patients. Methods A total of 185 patients with PCOS were included in our analysis. Dietary information was collected through face-to-face interviews using a 102-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Serum omega-3 fatty acid levels were measured with the gas chromatography method. Body composition was measured by both dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance (BIA) methods. The multivariable linear regression model was applied to analyze the associations of dietary and serum omega-3 fatty acids with the levels of Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and body composition parameters among PCOS patients. Results Our results indicated that the dietary long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) intakes were negatively associated with HOMA-IR (β = -0.089, P = 0.040), fat mass (β = -0.022, P = 0.047), and body fat percentage (β = -0.026, P = 0.032). For serum biomarkers, higher total omega-3 PUFAs levels (β = -0.158, P = 0.021) and long-chain omega-3 PUFAs levels (β = -0.187, P < 0.001), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (β = -164, P = 0.011) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (β = -0.158, P = 0.001) were also associated with decreased HOMA-IR. In addition, generally, dietary and serum long-chain omega-3 PUFA levels, DPA, and DHA levels were both positively associated with muscle mass measured by DXA; whereas serum total, long-chain and individual omega-3 PUFA levels (e.g., DPA, EPA, and DHA) were all negatively associated with fat mass and body fat percentage. These findings were further confirmed by the findings for body composition measured by the BIA method. Conclusion Higher levels of dietary and serum omega-3 PUFAs, particularly long-chain omega PUFAs (DPA and DHA), might have beneficial effects on metabolic parameters and body composition among PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lu
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Lv
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Baohua Wu
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaolin Huang
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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The effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on weight loss and cognitive function in overweight or obese individuals on weight-loss diet. NUTR HOSP 2022; 39:803-813. [DOI: 10.20960/nh.03992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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