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Peixoto-Pino L, Barcala-Furelos R, Paz-García B, Varela-Casal C, Lorenzo-Martínez M, Gómez-Silva A, Rico-Díaz J, Rodríguez-Núñez A. The "DrownSafe" Project: Assessing the Feasibility of a Puppet Show in Teaching Drowning Prevention to Children and Parents. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 11:19. [PMID: 38255332 PMCID: PMC10814459 DOI: 10.3390/children11010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Drowning remains a prominent global pediatric health concern, necessitating preventive measures such as educational initiatives for children and caregivers. In this study, we aimed to assess the feasibility and educational effectiveness of an interactive puppet show centered on teaching water safety to children and parents. A 30 min original theater performance, featuring two actors and three puppets (a girl, a crab, and a lifeguard), was conducted. Subsequently, 185 children (aged 4 to 8) and their 160 parents (134 mothers and 26 fathers) participated in this quasi-experimental study. Pre- and post-show tests were administered to evaluate knowledge and behaviors regarding aquatic environments. Prior to the puppet show, 78% of the children exhibited basic aquatic competency. Only 33% considered swimming alone risky. Following the intervention, 81.6% of the children changed their perception of the risks of solo beach activities, showing improved knowledge regarding contacting an emergency number (from 63.2% to 98.9%, p < 0.001). The intervention increased parents' intention to visit lifeguard-patrolled beaches and improved their CPR knowledge with regard to drowning victims by 58.8%. In conclusion, a drowning prevention puppet show positively impacted children and parents, potentially enhancing safety behaviors during water-related leisure activities, warranting its consideration part of comprehensive drowning prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Peixoto-Pino
- Facultade de Ciencias da Educación, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 A Coruña, Spain; (L.P.-P.); (J.R.-D.)
- CLINURSID Research Group, Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine Department, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Roberto Barcala-Furelos
- REMOSS Research Group, Facultade de Ciencias da Educación e do Deporte, Universidade de Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain; (B.P.-G.); (C.V.-C.); (M.L.-M.); (A.G.-S.)
| | - Begoña Paz-García
- REMOSS Research Group, Facultade de Ciencias da Educación e do Deporte, Universidade de Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain; (B.P.-G.); (C.V.-C.); (M.L.-M.); (A.G.-S.)
| | - Cristina Varela-Casal
- REMOSS Research Group, Facultade de Ciencias da Educación e do Deporte, Universidade de Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain; (B.P.-G.); (C.V.-C.); (M.L.-M.); (A.G.-S.)
| | - Miguel Lorenzo-Martínez
- REMOSS Research Group, Facultade de Ciencias da Educación e do Deporte, Universidade de Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain; (B.P.-G.); (C.V.-C.); (M.L.-M.); (A.G.-S.)
| | - Adrián Gómez-Silva
- REMOSS Research Group, Facultade de Ciencias da Educación e do Deporte, Universidade de Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain; (B.P.-G.); (C.V.-C.); (M.L.-M.); (A.G.-S.)
| | - Javier Rico-Díaz
- Facultade de Ciencias da Educación, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 A Coruña, Spain; (L.P.-P.); (J.R.-D.)
- ESCULCA Knowledge and Educational Action Research Group, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Núñez
- CLINURSID Research Group, Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine Department, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 A Coruña, Spain;
- Faculty of Nursing, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 A Coruña, Spain
- Paediatric Critical, Intermediate and Palliative Care Section, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 A Coruña, Spain
- Collaborative Research Network Orientated to Health Results (RICORS): Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Maternal and Child Chronic Diseases of Perinatal and Developmental Origin, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Simulation and Intensive Care Unit of Santiago (SICRUS) Research Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), 15706 A Coruña, Spain
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Stengelin R, Haun DBM, Kanngiesser P. Simulating peers: Can puppets simulate peer interactions in studies on children's socio-cognitive development? Child Dev 2023; 94:1117-1135. [PMID: 36779431 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Interactions with peers are fundamental to socio-cognitive development, but assessing peer interactions in standardized experiments is challenging. Therefore, researchers commonly utilize puppetry to simulate peers. This Registered Report investigated urban German children's (AgeRange = 3.5-4.5 years; N = 144; 76♀) mind ascriptions and social cognition to test whether they treat puppets like peers, adults, or neither. Children attributed less mind properties to puppets than peers or adults. However, children's social cognition (i.e., normativity, prosociality, and theory of mind) varied little across partners. Puppetry relies on children's ability for pretense, but can provide valid insights into socio-cognitive development. Implications for using puppets as stand-ins for peers in developmental research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Stengelin
- Department of Comparative Cultural Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig Research Center for Early Child Development, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychology and Social Work, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Daniel B M Haun
- Department of Comparative Cultural Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig Research Center for Early Child Development, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Dragon M, Poulin-Dubois D. To copy or not to copy: A comparison of selective trust and overimitation in young children. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2023.101316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Stengelin R, Ball R, Maurits L, Kanngiesser P, Haun DBM. Children over-imitate adults and peers more than puppets. Dev Sci 2023; 26:e13303. [PMID: 35818836 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Researchers commonly use puppets in development science. Amongst other things, puppets are employed to reduce social hierarchies between child participants and adult experimenters akin to peer interactions. However, it remains controversial whether children treat puppets like real-world social partners in these settings. This study investigated children's imitation of causally irrelevant actions (i.e., over-imitation) performed by puppet, adult, or child models. Seventy-two German children (AgeRange = 4.6-6.5 years; 36 girls) from urban, socioeconomically diverse backgrounds observed a model retrieving stickers from reward containers. The model performed causally irrelevant actions either in contact with the reward container or not. Children were more likely to over-imitate adults' and peers' actions as compared to puppets' actions. Across models, they copied contact actions more than no-contact actions. While children imitate causally irrelevant actions from puppet models to some extent, their social learning from puppets does not necessarily match their social learning from real-world social agents, such as children or adults. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: We examined children's over-imitation from adult, child, and puppet models to validate puppetry as an approach to simulate non-hierarchical interactions. Children imitated adults and child models at slightly higher rates than puppets. This effect was present regardless of whether the irrelevant actions involved physical contact to the reward container or not. In our study children's social learning from puppets does not match their social learning from human models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Stengelin
- Department of Comparative Cultural Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Psychology and Social Work, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Rabea Ball
- Department of Comparative Cultural Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Luke Maurits
- Department of Comparative Cultural Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Daniel B M Haun
- Department of Comparative Cultural Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
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Li L, Tucker A, Tomasello M. Young children judge defection less negatively when there’s a good justification. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2022.101268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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