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von Grebmer Zu Wolfsthurn S, Pablos L, Schiller NO. Noun-phrase production as a window to language selection: An ERP study. Neuropsychologia 2021; 162:108055. [PMID: 34626618 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.108055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Characterising the time course of non-native language production is critical in understanding the mechanisms behind successful communication. Yet, little is known about the modulating role of cross-linguistic influence (CLI) on the temporal unfolding of non-native production and the locus of target language selection. In this study, we explored CLI effects on non-native noun phrase production with behavioural and neural methods. We were particularly interested in the modulation of the P300 as an index for inhibitory control, and the N400 as an index for co-activation and CLI. German late learners of Spanish overtly named pictures while their EEG was monitored. Our results indicate traceable CLI effects at the behavioural and neural level in both early and late production stages. This suggests that speakers faced competition between the target and non-target language until advanced production stages. Our findings add important behavioural and neural evidence to the underpinnings of non-native production processes, in particular for late learners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah von Grebmer Zu Wolfsthurn
- Leiden University Centre for Linguistics (LUCL), Reuvensplaats 3-4, 2311, BE Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), LUMC, PO Box 9600, 2300, RC Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Leticia Pablos
- Leiden University Centre for Linguistics (LUCL), Reuvensplaats 3-4, 2311, BE Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), LUMC, PO Box 9600, 2300, RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Niels O Schiller
- Leiden University Centre for Linguistics (LUCL), Reuvensplaats 3-4, 2311, BE Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), LUMC, PO Box 9600, 2300, RC Leiden, the Netherlands
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Lorenz A, Zwitserlood P, Bürki A, Regel S, Ouyang G, Abdel Rahman R. Morphological facilitation and semantic interference in compound production: An ERP study. Cognition 2021; 209:104518. [PMID: 33545513 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the production of nominal compounds (Experiment 1) and simple nouns (Experiment 2) in a picture-word interference (PWI) paradigm to test models of morpho-lexical representation and processing. The continuous electroencephalogram (EEG) was registered and event-related brain potentials [ERPs] were analyzed in addition to picture-naming latencies. Experiment 1 used morphologically and semantically related distractor words to tap into different pre-articulatory planning stages during compound production. Relative to unrelated distractors, naming was speeded when distractors corresponded to morphemes of the compound (sun or flower for the target sunflower), but slowed when distractors were from the same semantic category as the compound (tulip ➔ sunflower). Distractors from the same category as the compound's first constituent (moon ➔ sunflower) had no influence. The diverging effects for semantic and morphological distractors replicate results from earlier studies. ERPs revealed different effects of morphological and semantic distractors with an interesting time course: morphological effects had an earlier onset. Comparable to the naming latencies, no ERP effects were obtained for distractors from the same semantic category as the compound's first constituent. Experiment 2 investigated the effectiveness of the latter distractors, presenting them with pictures of the compounds' first constituents (e.g., moon ➔ sun). Interference was confirmed both behaviorally and in the ERPs, showing that the absence of an effect in Experiment 1 was not due to the materials used. Considering current models of speech production, the data are best explained by a cascading flow of activation throughout semantic, lexical and morpho-phonological steps of speech planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Lorenz
- Department of Psychology, Neurocognitive Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany.
| | - Pienie Zwitserlood
- Department of Psychology and Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Audrey Bürki
- Department of Linguistics, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stefanie Regel
- Department of Psychology, Neurocognitive Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | - Guang Ouyang
- Faculty of Education, University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Rasha Abdel Rahman
- Department of Psychology, Neurocognitive Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
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Ghonchepour M, Pakzad Moghaddam M. The role of semantic transparency in processing compound nouns: evidence from people with Broca's Aphasia. CLINICAL LINGUISTICS & PHONETICS 2020; 34:493-515. [PMID: 31441333 DOI: 10.1080/02699206.2019.1656780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This article investigated the role of semantic transparency in processing root compound nouns in Persian individuals with Broca's aphasia through picture confrontation naming and repetition tasks. The relationship between semantic transparency and affected constituents of nouns showed that semantic transparency had no role in processing compound nouns. The results showed that transparent, opaque and partially transparent compound nouns were processed by dual-routes (holistic and decomposing). Frequency of errors also revealed dissociation of naming and repetition processes as well as simple and compound nouns. The comparison of errors and their types in confrontation naming and repetition tasks indicated that naming was relatively more complex than repetition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Ghonchepour
- Department of Language and Literature, Farhangiyan University, Tehran, Iran
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Lorenz A, Zwitserlood P. Semantically Transparent and Opaque Compounds in German Noun-Phrase Production: Evidence for Morphemes in Speaking. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1943. [PMID: 28082925 PMCID: PMC5186785 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the lexical representation and processing of noun-noun compounds and their grammatical gender during speech production in German, a language that codes for grammatical gender (masculine, feminine, and neuter). Using a picture-word interference paradigm, participants produced determiner-compound noun phrases in response to pictures, while ignoring written distractor words. Compound targets were either semantically transparent (e.g., birdhouse) or opaque (e.g., hotdog), and their constituent nouns either had the same or a different gender (internal gender match). Effects of gender-congruent but otherwise unrelated distractor nouns, and of two morphologically related distractors corresponding to the first or second constituent were assessed relative to a completely unrelated, gender-incongruent distractor baseline. Both constituent distractors strongly facilitated compound naming, and these effects were independent of the targets' semantic transparency. This supports retrieval of constituent morphemes for semantically transparent and opaque compounds during speech production. Furthermore, gender congruency between compounds and distractors did not speed up naming in general, but interacted with gender match of the compounds' constituent nouns, and their semantic transparency. A significant gender-congruency effect was obtained with semantically transparent compounds, consisting of two constituent nouns of the same gender, only. In principle, this pattern is compatible with a multiple lemma representation account for semantically transparent, but not for opaque compounds. The data also fit with a more parsimonious, holistic representation for all compounds at the lemma level, when differences in co-activation patterns for semantically transparent and opaque compounds are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Lorenz
- Department of Psychology, Neurocognitive Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Pienie Zwitserlood
- Department of Psychology, Psycholinguistics and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Münster Münster, Germany
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Kaczer L, Timmer K, Bavassi L, Schiller NO. Distinct morphological processing of recently learned compound words: An ERP study. Brain Res 2015; 1629:309-17. [PMID: 26505918 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Our vocabulary is, at least in principle, infinite. We can create new words combining existing ones in meaningful ways to form new linguistic expressions. The present study investigated the morphological processing of novel compound words in overt speech production. Native speakers of Dutch learned a series of new compounds (e.g. appelgezicht, 'apple-face') that were later used as primes in a morphological priming task. In this protocol, primes were compound words morphologically related to a target's picture name (e.g. appelgezicht was used for a picture of an apple, Dutch appel). The novel primes were compared with corresponding familiar compounds sharing a free morpheme (e.g. appelmoes, 'applesauce') and with unrelated compounds. Participants were required to read aloud words and to name pictures in a long-lag design. Behavioral and event-related potentials (ERPs) data were collected in two sessions, separated by 48h. Clear facilitation of picture naming latencies was obtained when pictures were paired with morphological related words. Notably, our results show that novel compounds have a stronger priming effect than familiar compounds in both sessions, which is expressed in a marked reduction in target naming latencies and a decrease in the N400 amplitude. These results suggest that participants focused more on the separate constituents when reading novel primes than in the case of existing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kaczer
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Memoria, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IFIBYNE - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Kalinka Timmer
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Faculty of Humanities, Leiden University Centre for Linguistics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Luz Bavassi
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Memoria, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IFIBYNE - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires.
| | - Niels O Schiller
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Faculty of Humanities, Leiden University Centre for Linguistics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Lensink SE, Verdonschot RG, Schiller NO. Morphological priming during language switching: an ERP study. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:995. [PMID: 25566022 PMCID: PMC4264473 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilingual language control (BLC) is a much-debated issue in recent literature. Some models assume BLC is achieved by various types of inhibition of the non-target language, whereas other models do not assume any inhibitory mechanisms. In an event-related potential (ERP) study involving a long-lag morphological priming paradigm, participants were required to name pictures and read aloud words in both their L1 (Dutch) and L2 (English). Switch blocks contained intervening L1 items between L2 primes and targets, whereas non-switch blocks contained only L2 stimuli. In non-switch blocks, target picture names that were morphologically related to the primes were named faster than unrelated control items. In switch blocks, faster response latencies were recorded for morphologically related targets as well, demonstrating the existence of morphological priming in the L2. However, only in non-switch blocks, ERP data showed a reduced N400 trend, possibly suggesting that participants made use of a post-lexical checking mechanism during the switch block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia E Lensink
- Faculty of Humanities, Leiden University Centre for Linguistics, Leiden University Leiden, Netherlands ; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Rinus G Verdonschot
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Leiden, Netherlands ; Graduate School of Languages and Cultures, Nagoya University Nagoya, Japan
| | - Niels O Schiller
- Faculty of Humanities, Leiden University Centre for Linguistics, Leiden University Leiden, Netherlands ; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Leiden, Netherlands
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Bobb SC, Wodniecka Z. Language switching in picture naming: What asymmetric switch costs (do not) tell us about inhibition in bilingual speech planning. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2013.792822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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