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Ding Z, Li W, Chen C, Yang Z, Wang S, Xu J, Liu X, Zhang M. The effect of choice on memory across development. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 246:105982. [PMID: 38879930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated the role of making choices as an internal motivator to improve performance, and recent studies in the domain of memory have focused on adults. To chart the developmental trend of the choice effect on memory, we conducted a series of seven experiments involving children, adolescents, and young adults. Participants (N = 512) aged 5 to 26 years performed a choice encoding task that manipulated the opportunities to choose and then took a memory test. Using different types of experimental materials and corroborated by a mini meta-analysis, we found that the choice effect on memory was significant in childhood and early adolescence but not significant in late adolescence and early adulthood. The developmental changes were statistically significant, particularly evident during the transition from early to late adolescence. These findings suggest that the internal value of choice decreases across development and contributes to our understanding of developmental differences in the role of choice in memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuolei Ding
- Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- Facuty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chuansheng Chen
- School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Zhong Yang
- Institute of Brain Science and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Songxue Wang
- Department of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Social and Public Management, Guangdong Baiyun University, Guangdong 510450, China
| | - Juanjuan Xu
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xun Liu
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Mingxia Zhang
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Johnston CR, Quarmley M, Nelson BD, Helion C, Murty VP, Jarcho JM. Social feedback biases emerge during recall but not prediction and shift across the development of social anxiety. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2308593120. [PMID: 38117853 PMCID: PMC10756286 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308593120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory is a reconstructive process that can result in events being recalled as more positive or negative than they actually were. While positive recall biases may contribute to well-being, negative recall biases may promote internalizing symptoms, such as social anxiety. Adolescence is characterized by increased salience of peers and peak incidence of social anxiety. Symptoms often wax and wane before becoming more intractable during adulthood. Open questions remain regarding how and when biases for social feedback are expressed and how individual differences in biases may contribute to social anxiety across development. Two studies used a social feedback and cued response task to assess biases about being liked or disliked when retrieving memories vs. making predictions. Findings revealed a robust positivity bias about memories for social feedback, regardless of whether memories were true or false. Moreover, memory bias was associated with social anxiety in a developmentally sensitive way. Among adults (study 1), more severe symptoms of social anxiety were associated with a negativity bias. During the transition from adolescence to adulthood (study 2), age strengthened the positivity bias in those with less severe symptoms and strengthened the negativity bias in those with more severe symptoms. These patterns of bias were isolated to perceived memory retrieval and did not generalize to predictions about social feedback. These results provide initial support for a model by which schemas may infiltrate perceptions of memory for past, but not predictions of future, social events, shaping susceptibility for social anxiety, particularly during the transition into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille R. Johnston
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA19122
| | - Megan Quarmley
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA19122
| | - Brady D. Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY11794
| | - Chelsea Helion
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA19122
| | - Vishnu P. Murty
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA19122
| | - Johanna M. Jarcho
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA19122
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He K, Wang Y, Zhang J, Wang Q. Out of the shadows: Impact of SARS experience on Chinese netizens' willingness to donate for COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control. CHINA ECONOMIC REVIEW 2022; 73:101790. [PMID: 35400020 PMCID: PMC8976939 DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2022.101790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
While charitable donations help to raise funds and contribute to pandemic prevention and control, there are many unanswered questions about how people make such donation decisions, especially in countries like China where charitable donations have played an increasing role in recent years. This study contributes to the literature by assessing the potential impacts of Chinese netizens' experience with the 2002 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic on their willingness to donate for COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control. Specifically, this study applies a difference-in-differences (DID) model to a dataset collected from a nationwide survey to examine how individuals' exposure to the SARS epidemic affects their willingness to donate to alleviate the COVID-19 pandemic. The results suggest that individuals' SARS epidemic experiences in their early lives, especially during the "childhood-adolescence" period, had a lasting and far-reaching impact on their willingness to donate toward COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control. Also, the impacts were likely heterogeneous by such sociodemographic factors as educational background, health status, and income level. The empirical findings highlight the importance of considering early-life experiences in developing and implementing epidemic prevention and control policies. While the SARS experience likely affected Chinese netizens' willingness to donate toward COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control, lessons learned from both the SARS epidemic and COVID-19 pandemic could be used to develop more effective public health education and prevention programs as well as to increase public donations for future pandemic prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke He
- College of Economics & Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Rural Development Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- College of Economics & Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Rural Development Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Junbiao Zhang
- College of Economics & Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Institute of Hubei Ecological Civilization Construction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Qingbin Wang
- Department of Community Development and Applied Economics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
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Camacho MC, Williams EM, Ding K, Perlman SB. Multimodal examination of emotion processing systems associated with negative affectivity across early childhood. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 48:100917. [PMID: 33493849 PMCID: PMC7823207 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
High Temperamental Negative Affectivity in early childhood has been found to predict later emotion dysregulation. While much work has been conducted to separately probe bio-behavioral systems associated with Negative Affectivity, very little work has examined the relations among multiple systems across age. In this study, we use multi-modal methods to index neurobiological systems associated with Negative Affectivity in 53 4-7-year-old children. Prefrontal activation during emotion regulation was measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy over the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) while children played a game designed to elicit frustration in Social (Happy and Angry faces) and Nonsocial contexts. Gaze behaviors while free-viewing Happy and Angry faces were also measured. Finally, Negative Affectivity was indexed using a score composite based on factor analysis of parent-reported temperament. Using mixed-effects linear models, we found an age-dependent association between Negative Affectivity and both PFC activation during frustration and fixation duration on the mouth area of Happy faces, such that older children high in Negative Affectivity spent less time looking at the mouths of Happy faces and had lower PFC activation in response to frustration (ps<0.034). These results provide further insight to how Negative Affectivity may be associated with changes in affective neurobiological systems across early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Catalina Camacho
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Science (Neurosciences), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Elizabeth M Williams
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Keya Ding
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Key Laboratory of Child Development & Learning Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Susan B Perlman
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Science (Neurosciences), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Murty VP, Gutchess A, Madan CR. Special issue for cognition on social, motivational, and emotional influences on memory. Cognition 2020; 205:104464. [PMID: 33007660 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christopher R Madan
- University of Nottingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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