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Hu D, Li X, Duan X, Yang L, Luo B, Wang L, Hu Z, Zhou Y, Qian P. Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae EBY100/pYD1-FaeG: a candidate for an oral subunit vaccine against F4+ ETEC infection. Appl Environ Microbiol 2025; 91:e0181724. [PMID: 39601541 PMCID: PMC11784076 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01817-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 11/04/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Diarrheal diseases attributable to multidrug-resistant F4+ enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are escalating in severity, posing significant risks to the health and safety of both humans and animals. This study used Saccharomyces cerevisiae EBY100 to display the FaeG subunit of F4 colonizing factor as an oral vaccine against F4+ ETEC infection. Mice were orally immunized twice with 108 CFU of EBY100/pYD1-FaeG, followed by a challenge with F4+ ETEC EC6 on day 7 post-immunization. The results showed that the recombinant strain EBY100/pYD1-FaeG orally enhanced the growth of the small intestine villi, significantly boosted the expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludin, MUC2, and Claudin) (P < 0.05), and modulated the gut microbiota composition. Additionally, immunization with EBY100/pYD1-FaeG also upregulated the levels of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ in the intestines of mice (P < 0.01), while serum IgG and fecal sIgA titer significantly increased (P < 0.05). These immune responses enhanced the capacity to fight against ETEC, leading to an increased survival rate of mice and relieved damage to tissues and organs of mice infection. In summary, the study suggested that the recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae EBY100/pYD1-FaeG could effectively stimulate the immune response and generate specific antibodies against F4+ ETEC, showing its potential to serve as a subunit oral vaccine candidate for preventing F4+ ETEC infection.IMPORTANCEThe multidrug-resistant F4+ enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains are the primary clinical pathogens responsible for post-weaning diarrhea in piglets, resulting in substantial economic losses in the pig farming industry. In the study, we developed an oral vaccine candidate, Saccharomyces cerevisiae EBY100/pYD1-FaeG, to prevent diarrhea caused by multidrug-resistant F4+ ETEC. Oral administration of EBY100/pYD1-FaeG significantly enhanced immune responses, improved intestinal health, and provided protection against F4+ ETEC infection in mice. This approach offers a potential application prospect for preventing F4+ ETEC infections that lead to post-weaning diarrhea in clinical settings and provides a promising solution for addressing the growing threat of antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayue Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaochao Duan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liuyue Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Baizhi Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Linkang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zihui Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Qian
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Centre for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Morita D, Kuroda T. Recent Antimicrobial Resistance Situation and Mechanisms of Resistance to Key Antimicrobials in Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Biol Pharm Bull 2025; 48:222-229. [PMID: 40024692 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b24-00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2025]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major cause of diarrhea in developing countries and is regularly imported into developed countries as a major cause of traveler's diarrhea. ETEC is usually self-limiting and not necessarily treated with antimicrobials, although antimicrobial treatment is recommended in malnourished children, severe cases, and traveler's diarrhea. However, resistant strains to representative therapeutic agents such as ciprofloxacin and azithromycin have been reported in recent years, and multidrug-resistant ETEC has also emerged. This review discusses the recent antimicrobial resistance surveillance in ETEC and the mechanisms of resistance to major antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Morita
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Teruo Kuroda
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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Akhtar M, Begum YA, Isfat Ara Rahman S, Afrad MH, Parvin N, Akter A, Tauheed I, Amin MA, Ryan ET, Khan AI, Chowdhury F, Bhuiyan TR, Qadri F. Age-dependent pathogenic profiles of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhea in Bangladesh. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1484162. [PMID: 39726651 PMCID: PMC11669683 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1484162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 11/29/2024] [Indexed: 12/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Age plays a significant role in susceptibility to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections, yet the distribution of ETEC virulence factors across age groups remains understudied. This study investigated the differential pathogenic profiles ETEC across various age groups, emphasizing the importance of selecting potential ETEC antigens tailored to infection patterns in infants and adults in Bangladesh. Methods This study utilized the icddr,b's 2% systematic hospital surveillance data of diarrheal patients (n = 14,515) from 2017 to 2022 to examine the age-specific pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of ETEC infections. Results In total ETEC was identified in 1,371 (9.4%) of surveillance samples. ETEC-associated diarrhea was higher in children aged 0-2 years and decreased significantly in the 3-17 years age group. Among all ETEC cases, 56% were adults (p = 0.0079) with severe dehydration. Distinct age-specific distribution of ETEC toxin types and colonization factors (CFs) were observed: heat labile toxin (LT)-associated ETEC infections decreased with age (p < 0.0001), while heat stable toxin (ST)-associated-ETEC was prevalent across all ages. Adults exhibited significantly higher rates of ETEC diarrhea with strains secreting both types of toxins. A high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among ETEC strains, particularly in pediatric cases, with significant resistance observed against commonly used antibiotics such as azithromycin and in line with similar age specific toxin profiles. The most common CFs were CFA/I, CS3, CS5, CS6, and CS21. CFA/I positive ETEC infection was more common in children (p < 0.001), while CS5 and CS6 were more common in adults (p < 0.0001). Conclusion The findings provide valuable insights into ETEC epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations. These observations imply that age-related differences in host-pathogen interactions exist for ETEC infections and this may influence the development of targeted vaccines or therapeutics and use in specific populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjahan Akhtar
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Yasmin Ara Begum
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sadia Isfat Ara Rahman
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mokibul Hassan Afrad
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nasrin Parvin
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Afroza Akter
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Imam Tauheed
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Ashraful Amin
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Edward T. Ryan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ashraful Islam Khan
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahima Chowdhury
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Taufiqur Rahman Bhuiyan
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Tchoumi Neree A, Noori F, Azzouz A, Costa M, Fairbrother JM, Mateescu MA, Chorfi Y. Silver and Copper Nanoparticles Hosted by Carboxymethyl Cellulose Reduce the Infective Effects of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli:F4 on Porcine Intestinal Enterocyte IPEC-J2. Microorganisms 2024; 12:2026. [PMID: 39458335 PMCID: PMC11509932 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12102026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2024] [Revised: 09/29/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Zero-valent copper and silver metals (Ms) nanoparticles (NPs) supported on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) were synthesized for treating Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli fimbriae 4 (ETEC:F4), a major cause of diarrhea in post-weaned pigs. The antibacterial properties of Cu0/CMC and Ag0/CMC were assessed on infected porcine intestinal enterocyte IPEC-J2, an in vitro model mimicking the small intestine. The lower average particle size (218 nm) and polydispersity index [PDI]: 0.25) for Ag0/CMC, when compared with those of Cu0/CMC (367 nm and PDI 0.96), were explained by stronger Ag0/CMC interactions. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Ag0/CMC were lower in both bacteria and IPEC-J2 cells than those of Cu0/CMC, confirming that silver nanoparticles are more bactericidal than copper counterparts. IPEC-J2, less sensitive in MNP/CMC treatment, was used to further investigate the infective process by ETEC:F4. The IC50 of MNP/CMC increased significantly when infected IPEC-J2 cells and ETEC were co-treated, showing an inhibition of the cytotoxicity effect of ETEC:F4 infection and protection of treated IPEC-J2. Thus, it appears that metal insertion in CMC induces an inhibiting effect on ETEC:F4 growth and that MNP/CMC dispersion governs the enhancement of this effect. These results open promising prospects for metal-loaded biopolymers for preventing and treating swine diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle Tchoumi Neree
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (M.C.); (Y.C.)
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Research Center (CRIPA-FRQNT), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
| | - Farzaneh Noori
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (F.N.); (A.A.)
| | - Abdelkrim Azzouz
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (F.N.); (A.A.)
| | - Marcio Costa
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (M.C.); (Y.C.)
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Research Center (CRIPA-FRQNT), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
| | - John Morris Fairbrother
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Research Center (CRIPA-FRQNT), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
- World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli (EcL), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Mircea Alexandru Mateescu
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Research Center (CRIPA-FRQNT), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (F.N.); (A.A.)
| | - Younes Chorfi
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (M.C.); (Y.C.)
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Research Center (CRIPA-FRQNT), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
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Seijas-Pereda L, Carmena D, Rescalvo-Casas C, Hernando-Gozalo M, Prieto-Pérez L, Cuadros-González J, Pérez-Tanoira R. Global Dynamics of Gastrointestinal Colonisations and Antimicrobial Resistance: Insights from International Travellers to Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Trop Med Infect Dis 2024; 9:182. [PMID: 39195620 PMCID: PMC11359149 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed9080182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal microorganism resistance and dissemination are increasing, partly due to international travel. This study investigated gastrointestinal colonisations and the acquisition of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes among international travellers moving between Spain and low- and middle-income countries (Peru and Ethiopia). We analysed 102 stool samples from 51 volunteers collected before and after travel, revealing significantly higher rates of colonisation by both bacteria and protists upon return. Diarrhoeagenic strains of E. coli were the most notable microorganism detected using RT-PCR with the Seegene Allplex™ Gastrointestinal Panel Assays. A striking prevalence of β-lactamase resistance genes, particularly the TEM gene, was observed both before and after travel. No significant differences in AMR genes were found between the different locations. These findings highlight the need for rigorous surveillance and preventive strategies, as travel does not significantly impact AMR gene acquisition but does affect microbial colonisations. This study provides valuable insights into the intersection of gastrointestinal microorganism acquisition and AMR in international travellers, underscoring the need for targeted interventions and increased awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Seijas-Pereda
- Department of Microbiology, Príncipe de Asturias Universitary Hospital, Carretera Alcalá-Meco s/n, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.R.-C.); (M.H.-G.); (J.C.-G.); (R.P.-T.)
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, C/19 Av. De Madrid, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - David Carmena
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III. Ctra. De Pozuelo, 28, 28222 Majadahonda, Spain;
- Center for Biomedical Research Network (CIBER) in Infectious Diseases, Health Institute Carlos III. C/Merlchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Fuencarral-El Pardo, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Rescalvo-Casas
- Department of Microbiology, Príncipe de Asturias Universitary Hospital, Carretera Alcalá-Meco s/n, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.R.-C.); (M.H.-G.); (J.C.-G.); (R.P.-T.)
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, C/19 Av. De Madrid, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Marcos Hernando-Gozalo
- Department of Microbiology, Príncipe de Asturias Universitary Hospital, Carretera Alcalá-Meco s/n, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.R.-C.); (M.H.-G.); (J.C.-G.); (R.P.-T.)
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km 33, 100, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Laura Prieto-Pérez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Av. De los Reyes Católicos, 2, Moncloa-Aravaca, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Juan Cuadros-González
- Department of Microbiology, Príncipe de Asturias Universitary Hospital, Carretera Alcalá-Meco s/n, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.R.-C.); (M.H.-G.); (J.C.-G.); (R.P.-T.)
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, C/19 Av. De Madrid, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Ramón Pérez-Tanoira
- Department of Microbiology, Príncipe de Asturias Universitary Hospital, Carretera Alcalá-Meco s/n, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.R.-C.); (M.H.-G.); (J.C.-G.); (R.P.-T.)
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, C/19 Av. De Madrid, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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von Mentzer A, Svennerholm AM. Colonization factors of human and animal-specific enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Trends Microbiol 2024; 32:448-464. [PMID: 38052687 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Colonization factors (CFs) are major virulence factors of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). This pathogen is among the most common causes of bacterial diarrhea in children in low- and middle-income countries, travelers, and livestock. CFs are major candidate antigens in vaccines under development as preventive measures against ETEC infections in humans and livestock. Recent molecular studies have indicated that newly identified CFs on human ETEC are closely related to animal ETEC CFs. Increased knowledge of pathogenic mechanisms, immunogenicity, regulation, and expression of ETEC CFs, as well as the possible spread of animal ETEC to humans, may facilitate the future development of ETEC vaccines for humans and animals. Here, we present an updated review of CFs in ETEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid von Mentzer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
| | - Ann-Mari Svennerholm
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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Lavelle EC, Genescà M. Editorial overview: The march of mucosal vaccines. Curr Opin Immunol 2024; 86:102408. [PMID: 38128438 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E C Lavelle
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Meritxell Genescà
- Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain.
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