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Baghdadi RA, Abdalla AN, Abourehab MA, Tulbah AS. Evaluation of the effects of a dasatinib-containing, self-emulsifying, drug delivery system on HT29 and SW420 human colorectal carcinoma cells, and MCF7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2024; 19:806-815. [PMID: 39170071 PMCID: PMC11338096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim Dasatinib (DS), a second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor, functions as a multi-target small-molecule drug via targeting various tyrosine kinases involved in neoplastic cell growth. DS inhibits cancer cell replication and migration, and induces tumor cell apoptosis in a variety of solid tumors. However, it is poorly soluble in water under some pH values. Therefore, the development of a DS-containing, self-emulsifying, drug delivery system (SeDDs) could help overcome these problems in treating cancer cells. Methods Various SeDD formulations loaded with DS were developed with isopropyl myristate (oil phase), Labrafil (surfactant), and polyethylene glycol (co-surfactant). The physicochemical properties of the formulations were assessed according to droplet size, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro drug release. The cytotoxicity of the formulations on the cancer cell lines HT29 and SW420 (human colorectal carcinoma), and MCF7 (human breast adenocarcinoma), in addition to MRC5 normal human fetal lung fibroblasts, was evaluated to assess selectivity. Results The DS-SeDD formulation showed favorable particle size, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro drug release. The anti-cancer potency of DS-SeDDs had greater cytotoxicity effects than pure DA on the three cancer cell lines, MCF7, HT29, and SW420l. Conclusion The developed DS-SeDD formulations may potentially be an effective sustained drug delivery method for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab A. Baghdadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, KSA
| | - Ashraf N. Abdalla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, KSA
| | - Mohammed A.S. Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, KSA
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Alaa S. Tulbah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, KSA
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Yu J, Zhang Y, Xu M, Jiang D, Liu W, Jin H, Chen P, Xu J, Zhang L. Innovative gelatin-based micelles with AS1411 aptamer targeting and reduction responsiveness for doxorubicin delivery in tumor therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116446. [PMID: 38513599 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein, we constructed innovative reduction-sensitive and targeted gelatin-based micelles for doxorubicin (DOX) delivery in tumor therapy. AS1411 aptamer-modified gelatin-ss-tocopherol succinate (AGSST) and the control GSST without AS1411 modification were synthesized and characterized. Antitumor drug DOX-containing AGSST (AGSST-D) and GSST-D nanoparticles were prepared, and their shapes were almost spherical. Reduction-responsive characteristics of DOX release in vitro were revealed in AGSST-D and GSST-D. Compared with non-targeted GSST-D, AGSST-D demonstrated better intracellular uptake and stronger cytotoxicity against nucleolin-overexpressed A549 cells. Importantly, AGSST-D micelles showed more effective killing activity in A549-bearing mice than GSST-D and DOX⋅HCl. It was revealed that AGSST-D micelles had no obvious systemic toxicity. Overall, AGSST micelles would have the potential to be an effective drug carrier for targeted tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmou Yu
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Medical and Environmental Applications Technologies, School of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China; Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada; School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China
| | - Meilin Xu
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China
| | - Dengzhao Jiang
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China
| | - Hongguang Jin
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Jing Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada.
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Gamboa J, Lourenço P, Cruz C, Gallardo E. Aptamers for the Delivery of Plant-Based Compounds: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:541. [PMID: 38675202 PMCID: PMC11053555 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds have a high potential for the treatment of various conditions, including infections, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. However, they usually present poor pharmacokinetics, low specificity, and even toxicity, which limits their use. Therefore, targeted drug delivery systems, typically composed of a carrier and a targeting ligand, can enhance natural product selectivity and effectiveness. Notably, aptamers-short RNA or single-stranded DNA molecules-have gained attention as promising ligands in targeted drug delivery since they are simple to synthesize and modify, and they present high tissue permeability, stability, and a wide array of available targets. The combination of natural products, namely plant-based compounds, with a drug delivery system utilizing aptamers as targeting agents represents an emerging strategy that has the potential to broaden its applications. This review discusses the potential of aptamers as targeting agents in the delivery of natural compounds, as well as new trends and developments in their utilization in the field of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Gamboa
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.G.); (P.L.)
| | - Pedro Lourenço
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.G.); (P.L.)
| | - Carla Cruz
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.G.); (P.L.)
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade da Beira Interior, Rua Marquês de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Gallardo
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.G.); (P.L.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, EM506, 6200-000 Covilhã, Portugal
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Camorani S, Caliendo A, Morrone E, Agnello L, Martini M, Cantile M, Cerrone M, Zannetti A, La Deda M, Fedele M, Ricciardi L, Cerchia L. Bispecific aptamer-decorated and light-triggered nanoparticles targeting tumor and stromal cells in breast cancer derived organoids: implications for precision phototherapies. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:92. [PMID: 38532439 PMCID: PMC10964525 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on the established role of cancer-stroma cross-talk in tumor growth, progression and chemoresistance, targeting interactions between tumor cells and their stroma provides new therapeutic approaches. Dual-targeted nanotherapeutics selectively acting on both tumor and stromal cells may overcome the limits of tumor cell-targeting single-ligand nanomedicine due to the complexity of the tumor microenvironment. METHODS Gold-core/silica-shell nanoparticles embedding a water-soluble iridium(III) complex as photosensitizer and luminescent probe (Iren-AuSiO2_COOH) were efficiently decorated with amino-terminated EGFR (CL4) and PDGFRβ (Gint4.T) aptamers (Iren-AuSiO2_Aptamer). The targeting specificity, and the synergistic photodynamic and photothermal effects of either single- and dual-aptamer-decorated nanoparticles have been assessed by confocal microscopy and cell viability assays, respectively, on different human cell types including mesenchymal subtype triple-negative breast cancer (MES-TNBC) MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 cell lines (both EGFR and PDGFRβ positive), luminal/HER2-positive breast cancer BT-474 and epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells (only EGFR positive) and adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) (only PDGFRβ positive). Cells lacking expression of both receptors were used as negative controls. To take into account the tumor-stroma interplay, fluorescence imaging and cytotoxicity were evaluated in preclinical three-dimensional (3D) stroma-rich breast cancer models. RESULTS We show efficient capability of Iren-AuSiO2_Aptamer nanoplatforms to selectively enter into target cells, and kill them, through EGFR and/or PDGFRβ recognition. Importantly, by targeting EGFR+ tumor/PDGFRβ+ stromal cells in the entire tumor bulk, the dual-aptamer-engineered nanoparticles resulted more effective than unconjugated or single-aptamer-conjugated nanoparticles in either 3D spheroids cocultures of tumor cells and MSCs, and in breast cancer organoids derived from pathologically and molecularly well-characterized tumors. CONCLUSIONS Our study proposes smart, novel and safe multifunctional nanoplatforms simultaneously addressing cancer-stroma within the tumor microenvironment, which are: (i) actively delivered to the targeted cells through highly specific aptamers; (ii) localized by means of their luminescence, and (iii) activated via minimally invasive light, launching efficient tumor death, thus providing innovative precision therapeutics. Given the unique features, the proposed dual targeted nanoformulations may open a new door to precision cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Camorani
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "Gaetano Salvatore", National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Caliendo
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "Gaetano Salvatore", National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Morrone
- CNR-NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council, Rende, CS, Italy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lisa Agnello
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "Gaetano Salvatore", National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Martini
- Institute of Light and Matter, UMR 5306, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Monica Cantile
- Institutional Biobank-Scientific Directorate, National Cancer Institute INT-IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Margherita Cerrone
- Pathology Unit, National Cancer Institute INT-IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Zannetti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo La Deda
- CNR-NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council, Rende, CS, Italy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Monica Fedele
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "Gaetano Salvatore", National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Loredana Ricciardi
- CNR-NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council, Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - Laura Cerchia
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "Gaetano Salvatore", National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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Yu J, Wang L, Ling Y, Xiao X, Gong J, Jin H, Xu J, Chen P, Xie X, Zhang L. Peptide-modified bioresponsive chondroitin sulfate micelles for targeted doxorubicin delivery in triple-negative breast cancer. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 227:113381. [PMID: 37257299 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer is an offensive tumor that is highly challenging to cure. In this study, we developed novel polymeric nanoparticles that target dual receptors and respond to reducing conditions for chemotherapeutic drug release in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. Then we synthesized and characterized a targeted peptide-grafted chondroitin sulfate A-ss-deoxycholic acid (TCSSD) copolymer and prepare doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded TCSSD (TCSSD-D) micelles high-loading content. The bioresponsive drug release of TCSSD-D nanoparticles was demonstrated in a glutathione-containing phosphate buffer solution. We found that TCSSD-D effectively targeted CD44 and P-selectin receptors both in vitro and in vivo. TCSSD-D micelles were higher cytotoxicity and cellular uptake than unmodified DOX-containing micelles in MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, TCSSD-D micelles showed the strongest suppression of tumor growth among three DOX-based formulations in triple-negative MDA-MB-231-bearing nude mice. These results suggest that amphiphilic TCSSD nanoparticles can serve as a targeted and intelligent delivery vehicle for triple-negative breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmou Yu
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Medical and Environmental Applications Technologies, School of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of System Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China; Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Yun Ling
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Xin Xiao
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Juntao Gong
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Hongguang Jin
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Xin Xie
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of System Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada.
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Costăchescu B, Niculescu AG, Iliescu BF, Dabija MG, Grumezescu AM, Rotariu D. Current and Emerging Approaches for Spine Tumor Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15680. [PMID: 36555324 PMCID: PMC9779730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spine tumors represent a significant social and medical problem, affecting the quality of life of thousands of patients and imposing a burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Encompassing a wide range of diseases, spine tumors require prompt multidisciplinary treatment strategies, being mainly approached through chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical interventions, either alone or in various combinations. However, these conventional tactics exhibit a series of drawbacks (e.g., multidrug resistance, tumor recurrence, systemic adverse effects, invasiveness, formation of large bone defects) which limit their application and efficacy. Therefore, recent research focused on finding better treatment alternatives by utilizing modern technologies to overcome the challenges associated with conventional treatments. In this context, the present paper aims to describe the types of spine tumors and the most common current treatment alternatives, further detailing the recent developments in anticancer nanoformulations, personalized implants, and enhanced surgical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Costăchescu
- “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- “Prof. Dr. N. Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Florin Iliescu
- “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- “Prof. Dr. N. Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Marius Gabriel Dabija
- “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- “Prof. Dr. N. Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov No. 3, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Rotariu
- “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- “Prof. Dr. N. Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
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Lahmar Z, Ahmed E, Fort A, Vachier I, Bourdin A, Bergougnoux A. Hedgehog pathway and its inhibitors in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108295. [PMID: 36191777 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
COPD affects millions of people and is now ranked as the third leading cause of death worldwide. This largely untreatable chronic airway disease results in irreversible destruction of lung architecture. The small lung hypothesis is now supported by epidemiological, physiological and clinical studies. Accordingly, the early and severe COPD phenotype carries the most dreadful prognosis and finds its roots during lung growth. Pathophysiological mechanisms remain poorly understood and implicate individual susceptibility (genetics), a large part of environmental factors (viral infections, tobacco consumption, air pollution) and the combined effects of those triggers on gene expression. Genetic susceptibility is most likely involved as the disease is severe and starts early in life. The latter observation led to the identification of Mendelian inheritance via disease-causing variants of SERPINA1 - known as the basis for alpha-1 anti-trypsin deficiency, and TERT. In the last two decades multiple genome wide association studies (GWAS) identified many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with COPD. High significance SNPs are located in 4q31 near HHIP which encodes an evolutionarily highly conserved physiological inhibitor of the Hedgehog signaling pathway (HH). HHIP is critical to several in utero developmental lung processes. It is also implicated in homeostasis, injury response, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor resistance to apoptosis. A few studies have reported decreased HHIP RNA and protein levels in human adult COPD lungs. HHIP+/- murine models led to emphysema. HH pathway inhibitors, such as vismodegib and sonidegib, are already validated in oncology, whereas other drugs have evidenced in vitro effects. Targeting the Hedgehog pathway could lead to a new therapeutic avenue in COPD. In this review, we focused on the early and severe COPD phenotype and the small lung hypothesis by exploring genetic susceptibility traits that are potentially treatable, thus summarizing promising therapeutics for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Lahmar
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - E Ahmed
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; PhyMedExp, Univ Montpellier, Inserm U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France
| | - A Fort
- PhyMedExp, Univ Montpellier, Inserm U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France
| | - I Vachier
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; PhyMedExp, Univ Montpellier, Inserm U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France
| | - A Bourdin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; PhyMedExp, Univ Montpellier, Inserm U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France
| | - A Bergougnoux
- PhyMedExp, Univ Montpellier, Inserm U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Montpellier, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et de Cytogénomique, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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Hao M, Zhang L, Chen P. Membrane Internalization Mechanisms and Design Strategies of Arginine-Rich Cell-Penetrating Peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169038. [PMID: 36012300 PMCID: PMC9409441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been discovered to deliver chemical drugs, nucleic acids, and macromolecules to permeate cell membranes, creating a novel route for exogenous substances to enter cells. Up until now, various sequence structures and fundamental action mechanisms of CPPs have been established. Among them, arginine-rich peptides with unique cell penetration properties have attracted substantial scientific attention. Due to the positively charged essential amino acids of the arginine-rich peptides, they can interact with negatively charged drug molecules and cell membranes through non-covalent interaction, including electrostatic interactions. Significantly, the sequence design and the penetrating mechanisms are critical. In this brief synopsis, we summarize the transmembrane processes and mechanisms of arginine-rich peptides; and outline the relationship between the function of arginine-rich peptides and the number of arginine residues, arginine optical isomers, primary sequence, secondary and ternary structures, etc. Taking advantage of the penetration ability, biomedical applications of arginine-rich peptides have been refreshed, including drug/RNA delivery systems, biosensors, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration. Understanding the membrane internalization mechanisms and design strategies of CPPs will expand their potential applications in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglu Hao
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (P.C.)
| | - Pu Chen
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (P.C.)
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9
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Recent development of aptamer conjugated chitosan nanoparticles as cancer therapeutics. Int J Pharm 2022; 620:121751. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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