1
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Gu T, Dong J, Ge J, Feng J, Liu X, Chen Y, Liu J. Neurotoxic lesions of the anterior claustrum influence cued fear memory in rats. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1387507. [PMID: 38707622 PMCID: PMC11066318 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1387507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The claustrum (CLA), a subcortical area between the insular cortex and striatum, innervates almost all cortical regions of the mammalian brain. There is growing evidence that CLA participates in many brain functions, including memory, cognition, and stress response. It is proposed that dysfunction or malfunction of the CLA might be the pathology of some brain diseases, including stress-induced depression and anxiety. However, the role of the CLA in fear memory and anxiety disorders remains largely understudied. Methods We evaluated the influences of neurotoxic lesions of the CLA using auditory-cued fear memory and anxiety-like behaviors in rats. Results We found that lesions of anterior CLA (aCLA) but not posterior CLA (pCLA) before fear conditioning attenuated fear retrieval, facilitated extinction, and reduced freezing levels during the extinction retention test. Post-learning lesions of aCLA but not pCLA facilitated fear extinction and attenuated freezing behavior during the extinction retention test. Lesions of aCLA or pCLA did not affect anxiety-like behaviors evaluated by the open field test and elevated plus-maze test. Conclusion These data suggested that aCLA but not pCLA was involved in fear memory and extinction. Future studies are needed to further investigate the anatomical and functional connections of aCLA subareas that are involved in fear conditioning, which will deepen our understanding of CLA functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengyu Gu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Ge
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jialu Feng
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoliu Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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2
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Liaw YS, Augustine GJ. The claustrum and consciousness: An update. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2023; 23:100405. [PMID: 37701759 PMCID: PMC10493512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2023.100405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The seminal paper of Crick and Koch (2005) proposed that the claustrum, an enigmatic and thin grey matter structure that lies beside the insular cortex, may be involved in the processing of consciousness. As a result, this otherwise obscure structure has received ever-increasing interest in the search for neural correlates of consciousness. Here we review theories of consciousness and discuss the possible relationship between the claustrum and consciousness. We review relevant experimental evidence collected since the Crick and Koch (2005) paper and consider whether these findings support or contradict their hypothesis. We also explore how future experimental work can be designed to clarify how consciousness emerges from neural activity and to understand the role of the claustrum in consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Siang Liaw
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - George J. Augustine
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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3
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Zhao T, Wei N, Li T, Chen K, Cui W, Wang Z, Wang F, Lin Y, Zhu J. Transplantation of glutamatergic neuronal precursor cells in the paraventricular thalamus and claustrum facilitates awakening with recovery of consciousness. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:1785-1804. [PMID: 36880283 PMCID: PMC10324366 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cells offer a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), but the optimal transplantation sites and cells are not clear. Although the paraventricular thalamus (PVT) and claustrum (CLA) are associated with consciousness and are candidate transplantation targets, few studies have been designed to investigate this possibility. METHODS Controlled cortical injury (CCI) was performed to establish a mouse model of DOC. CCI-DOC paradigm was established to investigate the role of excitatory neurons of PVT and CLA in disorders of consciousness. The role of excitatory neuron transplantation in promoting arousal and recovery of consciousness was determined by optogenetics, chemogenetics, electrophysiology, Western blot, RT-PCR, double immunofluorescence labeling, and neurobehavioral experiments. RESULTS After CCI-DOC, neuronal apoptosis was found to be concentrated in the PVT and CLA. Prolonged awaking latency and cognitive decline were also seen after destruction of the PVT and CLA, suggesting that the PVT and CLA may be key nuclei in DOC. Awaking latency and cognitive performance could be altered by inhibiting or activating excitatory neurons, implying that excitatory neurons may play an important role in DOC. Furthermore, we found that the PVT and CLA function differently, with the PVT mainly involved in arousal maintenance while the CLA plays a role mainly in the generation of conscious content. Finally, we found that by transplanting excitatory neuron precursor cells in the PVT and CLA, respectively, we could facilitate awakening with recovery of consciousness, which was mainly manifested by shortened awaking latency, reduced duration of loss of consciousness (LOC), enhanced cognitive ability, enhanced memory, and improved limb sensation. CONCLUSION In this study, we found that the deterioration in the level and content of consciousness after TBI was associated with a large reduction in glutamatergic neurons within the PVT and CLA. Transplantation of glutamatergic neuronal precursor cells could play a beneficial role in promoting arousal and recovery of consciousness. Thus, these findings have the potential to provide a favorable basis for promoting awakening and recovery in patients with DOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Neurosurgery Research InstituteFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Regeneration, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Institute of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Naili Wei
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Tianwen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Regeneration, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Institute of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Kezhu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Regeneration, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Institute of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wenqiang Cui
- Department of NeurologyAffiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanShandongChina
| | - Zhifu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Regeneration, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Institute of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of NeurologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yuanxiang Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Neurosurgery Research InstituteFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Jianhong Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Regeneration, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Institute of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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4
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Luo T, Li L, Li J, Cai S, Wang Y, Zhang L, Yu S, Yu T. Claustrum modulates behavioral sensitivity and EEG activity of propofol anesthesia. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:378-389. [PMID: 36353753 PMCID: PMC9804072 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The claustrum has long been regarded as a vital center for conscious control. Electrical stimulation or damage to the claustrum can result in decreased awareness or loss of consciousness, suggesting that the claustrum may be a target for the action of general anesthetics. This study aimed to determine the role of the claustrum in propofol anesthesia. METHODS We first applied a fiber photometry calcium signal recording system to record the claustral neuronal activity during the entire process of propofol anesthesia. Chemogenetic activation of claustral neurones was then performed to verify their role in anesthesia. Finally, muscimol (GABAa receptor agonist) and gabazine (GABAa receptor antagonist) were microinjected into the claustrum to determine whether their GABAa receptors were involved in modulating propofol anesthesia. EEG and behavioral indicators, such as anesthetic sensitivity and efficacy, were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS An evident anesthesia-related change in claustrum neuronal activity was suppressed during propofol-induced unconsciousness and restored following recovery from anesthesia. Chemogenetic activation of claustrum neurons results in attenuated propofol sensitivity, a shorter anesthesia duration, and an EEG shift toward wakefulness. Manipulation of GABAa receptors in the claustrum showed bidirectional control of propofol sensitivity, as activation decreases anesthesia efficiency while inactivation augments it. Additionally, inhibiting claustrum GABAa receptors increases cortical EEG slow waves. CONCLUSIONS Claustrum neurones and their GABAa receptors are implicated in the modulation of propofol anesthesia in both behavioral and EEG assessments. Our findings create scope to reveal the brain targets of anesthetic action further and add to the existing evidence on the consciousness-modulating role of the claustrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian‐Yuan Luo
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyiChina
| | - Long‐Yu Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyChongqing City Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineChongqingChina
| | - Jia Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyiChina
| | - Shuang Cai
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina,Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Lin Zhang
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyiChina
| | - Shou‐Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Tian Yu
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyiChina,Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
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5
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Xu QY, Zhang HL, Du H, Li YC, Ji FH, Li R, Xu GY. Identification of a Glutamatergic Claustrum-Anterior Cingulate Cortex Circuit for Visceral Pain Processing. J Neurosci 2022; 42:8154-8168. [PMID: 36100399 PMCID: PMC9637003 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0779-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic visceral pain is a major challenge for both patients and health providers. Although the central sensitization of the brain is thought to play an important role in the development of visceral pain, the detailed neural circuits remain largely unknown. Using a well-established chronic visceral hypersensitivity model induced by neonatal maternal deprivation (NMD) in male mice, we identified a distinct pathway whereby the claustrum (CL) glutamatergic neuron projecting to the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is critical for visceral pain but not for CFA-evoked inflammatory pain. By a combination of in vivo circuit-dissecting extracellular electrophysiological approaches and visceral pain related electromyographic (EMG) recordings, we demonstrated that optogenetic inhibition of CL glutamatergic activity suppressed the ACC neural activity and visceral hypersensitivity of NMD mice whereas selective activation of CL glutamatergic activity enhanced the ACC neural activity and evoked visceral pain of control mice. Further, optogenetic studies demonstrate a causal link between such neuronal activity and visceral pain behaviors. Chemogenetic activation or inhibition of ACC neural activities reversed the effects of optogenetic manipulation of CL neural activities on visceral pain responses. Importantly, molecular detection showed that NMD significantly enhances the expression of NMDA receptors and activated CaMKIIα in the ACC postsynaptic density (PSD) region. Together, our data establish a functional role for CL→ACC glutamatergic neurons in gating visceral pain, thus providing a potential treatment strategy for visceral pain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Studies have shown that sensitization of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays an important role in chronic pain. However, it is as yet unknown whether there is a specific brain region and a distinct neural circuit that helps the ACC to distinguish visceral and somatic pain. The present study demonstrates that claustrum (CL) glutamatergic neurons maybe responding to colorectal distention (CRD) rather than somatic stimulation and that a CL glutamatergic projection to ACC glutamatergic neuron regulates visceral pain in mice. Furthermore, excessive NMDA receptors and overactive CaMKIIα in the ACC postsynaptic density (PSD) region were observed in mice with chronic visceral pain. Together, these findings reveal a novel neural circuity underlying the central sensitization of chronic visceral pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ya Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Long Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Chang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Hai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Yin Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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6
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Atilgan H, Doody M, Oliver DK, McGrath TM, Shelton AM, Echeverria-Altuna I, Tracey I, Vyazovskiy VV, Manohar SG, Packer AM. Human lesions and animal studies link the claustrum to perception, salience, sleep and pain. Brain 2022; 145:1610-1623. [PMID: 35348621 PMCID: PMC9166552 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The claustrum is the most densely interconnected region in the human brain. Despite the accumulating data from clinical and experimental studies, the functional role of the claustrum remains unknown. Here, we systematically review claustrum lesion studies and discuss their functional implications. Claustral lesions are associated with an array of signs and symptoms, including changes in cognitive, perceptual and motor abilities; electrical activity; mental state; and sleep. The wide range of symptoms observed following claustral lesions do not provide compelling evidence to support prominent current theories of claustrum function such as multisensory integration or salience computation. Conversely, the lesions studies support the hypothesis that the claustrum regulates cortical excitability. We argue that the claustrum is connected to, or part of, multiple brain networks that perform both fundamental and higher cognitive functions. As a multifunctional node in numerous networks, this may explain the manifold effects of claustrum damage on brain and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huriye Atilgan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Max Doody
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - David K. Oliver
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Thomas M. McGrath
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Andrew M. Shelton
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | | | - Irene Tracey
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital and Merton College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | | | - Sanjay G. Manohar
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Adam M. Packer
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
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7
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Shi J, Huang H, Jiang R, Mao X, Huang Q, Li A. The Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus Plays an Important Role in Unconscious Information Processing: Activation Likelihood Estimation Analysis Based on Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:781099. [PMID: 35401077 PMCID: PMC8987111 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.781099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Unconsciousness is a kind of brain activity that occurs below the level of consciousness, and the masked priming paradigm is a classic paradigm to study unconscious perceptual processing. With the deepening of unconscious perception research, different researchers mostly use different experimental materials and different masked priming paradigms in a single experiment but not for the comprehensive analysis of the unconscious information processing mechanism itself. Thus, the purpose of this study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis through a cross-experimental paradigm, cross-experimental materials, and cross-experimental purposes. We used activation likelihood estimation to test functional magnetic resonance imaging studies, involving 361 subjects, 124 foci in eight studies representing direct comparison of unconscious processing with baseline, and 115 foci in 10 studies representing direct comparison of unconscious priming effects. In the comparison of unconscious processing and baseline, clusters formed in the left superior parietal gyrus, the right insular gyrus, and the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) triangular part after correcting for familywise error (FWE). In the comparison of priming effects, clusters formed in only the right IFG triangular part after correcting for FWE. Here, we found that ventral and dorsal pathways jointly regulate unconscious perceptual processes, but only the ventral pathway is involved in the regulation of unconscious priming effects. The IFG triangular part is involved in the regulation of unconscious perceptual processing and unconscious priming effects and may be an important brain area in unconscious information processing. These preliminary data provide conditions for further study of the neural correlation of unconscious information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilong Shi
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Haojie Huang
- Department of Physical Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ruichen Jiang
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- School of Teacher Education, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, China
| | - Xuechen Mao
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Huang
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Anmin Li
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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8
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Differential distribution of inhibitory neuron types in subregions of claustrum and dorsal endopiriform nucleus of the short-tailed fruit bat. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:1615-1640. [PMID: 35188589 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02459-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Few brain regions have such wide-ranging inputs and outputs as the claustrum does, and fewer have posed equivalent challenges in defining their structural boundaries. We studied the distributions of three calcium-binding proteins-calretinin, parvalbumin, and calbindin-in the claustrum and dorsal endopiriform nucleus of the fruit bat, Carollia perspicillata. The proportionately large sizes of claustrum and dorsal endopiriform nucleus in Carollia brain afford unique access to these structures' intrinsic anatomy. Latexin immunoreactivity permits a separation of claustrum into core and shell subregions and an equivalent separation of dorsal endopiriform nucleus. Using latexin labeling, we found that the claustral shell in Carollia brain can be further subdivided into at least four distinct subregions. Calretinin and parvalbumin immunoreactivity reinforced the boundaries of the claustral core and its shell subregions with diametrically opposite distribution patterns. Calretinin, parvalbumin, and calbindin all colocalized with GAD67, indicating that these proteins label inhibitory neurons in both claustrum and dorsal endopiriform nucleus. Calretinin, however, also colocalized with latexin in a subset of neurons. Confocal microscopy revealed appositions that suggest synaptic contacts between cells labeled for each of the three calcium-binding proteins and latexin-immunoreactive somata in claustrum and dorsal endopiriform nucleus. Our results indicate significant subregional differences in the intrinsic inhibitory connectivity within and between claustrum and dorsal endopiriform nucleus. We conclude that the claustrum is structurally more complex than previously appreciated and that claustral and dorsal endopiriform nucleus subregions are differentially modulated by multiple inhibitory systems. These findings can also account for the excitability differences between claustrum and dorsal endopiriform nucleus described previously.
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9
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Wong KLL, Nair A, Augustine GJ. Changing the Cortical Conductor's Tempo: Neuromodulation of the Claustrum. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:658228. [PMID: 34054437 PMCID: PMC8155375 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.658228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The claustrum is a thin sheet of neurons that is densely connected to many cortical regions and has been implicated in numerous high-order brain functions. Such brain functions arise from brain states that are influenced by neuromodulatory pathways from the cholinergic basal forebrain, dopaminergic substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area, and serotonergic raphe. Recent revelations that the claustrum receives dense input from these structures have inspired investigation of state-dependent control of the claustrum. Here, we review neuromodulation in the claustrum-from anatomical connectivity to behavioral manipulations-to inform future analyses of claustral function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L. L. Wong
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Program, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aditya Nair
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Computation and Neural Systems, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - George J. Augustine
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Program, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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10
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Gamberini M, Passarelli L, Impieri D, Montanari G, Diomedi S, Worthy KH, Burman KJ, Reser DH, Fattori P, Galletti C, Bakola S, Rosa MGP. Claustral Input to the Macaque Medial Posterior Parietal Cortex (Superior Parietal Lobule and Adjacent Areas). Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:4595-4611. [PMID: 33939798 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The projections from the claustrum to cortical areas within and adjacent to the superior parietal lobule were studied in 10 macaque monkeys, using retrograde tracers, computerized reconstructions, and quantitative methods. In contrast with the classical view that posterior parietal areas receive afferents primarily from the dorsal and posterior regions of the claustrum, we found that these areas receive more extensive projections, including substantial afferents from the anterior and ventral regions of the claustrum. Moreover, our findings uncover a previously unsuspected variability in the precise regions of the claustrum that originate the projections, according to the target areas. For example, areas dominated by somatosensory inputs for control of body movements tend to receive most afferents from the dorsal-posterior claustrum, whereas those which also receive significant visual inputs tend to receive more afferents from the ventral claustrum. In addition, different areas within these broadly defined groups differ in terms of quantitative emphasis in the origin of projections. Overall, these results argue against a simple model whereby adjacency in the cortex determines adjacency in the sectors of claustral origin of projections and indicate that subnetworks defined by commonality of function may be an important factor in defining claustrocortical topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Gamberini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lauretta Passarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Impieri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Montanari
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Diomedi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Katrina H Worthy
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council, Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University Node, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Kathleen J Burman
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - David H Reser
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Graduate Entry Medicine Program, Monash Rural Health-Churchill, Churchill, Victoria 3842, Australia
| | - Patrizia Fattori
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Galletti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sophia Bakola
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council, Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University Node, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Marcello G P Rosa
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council, Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University Node, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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11
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Pando-Naude V, Toxto S, Fernandez-Lozano S, Parsons CE, Alcauter S, Garza-Villarreal EA. Gray and white matter morphology in substance use disorders: a neuroimaging systematic review and meta-analysis. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:29. [PMID: 33431833 PMCID: PMC7801701 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01128-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are characterized by a compulsion to seek and consume one or more substances of abuse, with a perceived loss of control and a negative emotional state. Prolonged substance use seems to be associated with morphological changes of multiple neural circuits, in particular the frontal-striatal and limbic pathways. Such neuroadaptations are evident across several substance disorders, but may vary depending on the type of substance, consumption severity and/or other unknown factors. We therefore identified studies investigating the effects of SUDs using volumetric whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) in gray (GM) and white matter (WM). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of VBM studies using the anatomic likelihood estimation (ALE) method implemented in GingerALE (PROSPERO pre-registration CRD42017071222 ). Sixty studies met inclusion criteria and were included in the final quantitative meta-analysis, with a total of 614 foci, 94 experiments and 4938 participants. We found convergence and divergence in brain regions and volume effects (higher vs. lower volume) in GM and WM depending on the severity of the consumption pattern and type of substance used. Convergent pathology was evident across substances in GM of the insula, anterior cingulate cortex, putamen, and thalamus, and in WM of the thalamic radiation and internal capsule bundle. Divergent pathology between occasional use (cortical pathology) and addiction (cortical-subcortical pathology) provides evidence of a possible top-down neuroadaptation. Our findings indicate particular brain morphometry alterations in SUDs, which may inform our understanding of disease progression and ultimately therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Pando-Naude
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Music in the Brain, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Toxto
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) campus Juriquilla, Queretaro, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Mexico City, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sofia Fernandez-Lozano
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) campus Juriquilla, Queretaro, Mexico
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Christine E Parsons
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Interacting Minds Center, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sarael Alcauter
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) campus Juriquilla, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Eduardo A Garza-Villarreal
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) campus Juriquilla, Queretaro, Mexico.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
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12
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Sangare A, Dong A, Valente M, Pyatigorskaya N, Cao A, Altmayer V, Zyss J, Lambrecq V, Roux D, Morlon Q, Perez P, Ben Salah A, Virolle S, Puybasset L, Sitt JD, Rohaut B, Naccache L. Neuroprognostication of Consciousness Recovery in a Patient with COVID-19 Related Encephalitis: Preliminary Findings from a Multimodal Approach. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E845. [PMID: 33198199 PMCID: PMC7696159 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting the functional recovery of patients with severe neurological condition due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a challenging task. Only limited outcome data are available, the pathophysiology is poorly understood, and the time-course of recovery is still largely unknown. Here, we report the case of a patient with COVID-19 associated encephalitis presenting as a prolonged state of unresponsiveness for two months, who finally fully recovered consciousness, functional communication, and autonomy after immunotherapy. In a multimodal approach, a high-density resting state EEG revealed a rich brain activity in spite of a severe clinical presentation. Using our previously validated algorithms, we could predict a possible improvement of consciousness in this patient. This case report illustrates the value of a multimodal approach capitalizing on advanced brain-imaging and bedside electrophysiology techniques to improve prognosis accuracy in this complex and new aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Sangare
- Brain institute—ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (M.V.); (N.P.); (V.L.); (P.P.); (A.B.S.); (J.D.S.); (B.R.); (L.N.)
- CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France; (A.C.); (L.P.)
- Department of Neurophysiology, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Anceline Dong
- Department of Neurology, Neuro-ICU, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France; (A.D.); (V.A.)
| | - Melanie Valente
- Brain institute—ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (M.V.); (N.P.); (V.L.); (P.P.); (A.B.S.); (J.D.S.); (B.R.); (L.N.)
| | - Nadya Pyatigorskaya
- Brain institute—ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (M.V.); (N.P.); (V.L.); (P.P.); (A.B.S.); (J.D.S.); (B.R.); (L.N.)
- CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France; (A.C.); (L.P.)
- Department of Neuroradiology, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Albert Cao
- CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France; (A.C.); (L.P.)
- Department of Neurology, Neuro-ICU, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France; (A.D.); (V.A.)
| | - Victor Altmayer
- Department of Neurology, Neuro-ICU, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France; (A.D.); (V.A.)
| | - Julie Zyss
- Department of Neurophysiology, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Virginie Lambrecq
- Brain institute—ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (M.V.); (N.P.); (V.L.); (P.P.); (A.B.S.); (J.D.S.); (B.R.); (L.N.)
- CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France; (A.C.); (L.P.)
- Department of Neurophysiology, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Damien Roux
- Department of Critical Care, Hôpital Louis Mourier, AP-HP, Université de Paris, 92700 Colombes, France; (D.R.); (Q.M.)
| | - Quentin Morlon
- Department of Critical Care, Hôpital Louis Mourier, AP-HP, Université de Paris, 92700 Colombes, France; (D.R.); (Q.M.)
| | - Pauline Perez
- Brain institute—ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (M.V.); (N.P.); (V.L.); (P.P.); (A.B.S.); (J.D.S.); (B.R.); (L.N.)
- Department of Neurophysiology, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Amina Ben Salah
- Brain institute—ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (M.V.); (N.P.); (V.L.); (P.P.); (A.B.S.); (J.D.S.); (B.R.); (L.N.)
- Department of Neurophysiology, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Sara Virolle
- Department of Pneumology, post ICU rehabilitation, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Louis Puybasset
- CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France; (A.C.); (L.P.)
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Jacobo D Sitt
- Brain institute—ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (M.V.); (N.P.); (V.L.); (P.P.); (A.B.S.); (J.D.S.); (B.R.); (L.N.)
- CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France; (A.C.); (L.P.)
| | - Benjamin Rohaut
- Brain institute—ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (M.V.); (N.P.); (V.L.); (P.P.); (A.B.S.); (J.D.S.); (B.R.); (L.N.)
- CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France; (A.C.); (L.P.)
- Department of Neurology, Neuro-ICU, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France; (A.D.); (V.A.)
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Lionel Naccache
- Brain institute—ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (M.V.); (N.P.); (V.L.); (P.P.); (A.B.S.); (J.D.S.); (B.R.); (L.N.)
- CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France; (A.C.); (L.P.)
- Department of Neurophysiology, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France;
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13
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The connections of the insular VEN area in great apes: A histologically-guided ex vivo diffusion tractography study. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 195:101941. [PMID: 33159998 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We mapped the connections of the insular von Economo neuron (VEN) area in ex vivo brains of a bonobo, an orangutan and two gorillas with high angular resolution diffusion MRI imaging acquired in 36 h imaging sessions for each brain. The apes died of natural causes without neurological disorders. The localization of the insular VEN area was based on cresyl violet-stained histological sections from each brain that were coregistered with structural and diffusion images from the same individuals. Diffusion MRI tractography showed that the insular VEN area is connected with olfactory, gustatory, visual and other sensory systems, as well as systems for the mediation of appetite, reward, aversion and motivation. The insular VEN area in apes is most strongly connected with frontopolar cortex, which could support their capacity to choose voluntarily among alternative courses of action particularly in exploring for food resources. The frontopolar cortex may also support their capacity to take note of potential resources for harvesting in the future (prospective memory). All of these faculties may support insight and volitional choice when contemplating courses of action as opposed to rule-based decision-making.
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14
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Snider SB, Hsu J, Darby RR, Cooke D, Fischer D, Cohen AL, Grafman JH, Fox MD. Cortical lesions causing loss of consciousness are anticorrelated with the dorsal brainstem. Hum Brain Mapp 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24892#.xho8mgjbvfa.twitter] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel B. Snider
- Departments of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| | - Joey Hsu
- Berenson‐Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of NeurologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston Massachusetts
| | - R. Ryan Darby
- Department of NeurologyVanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee
| | - Danielle Cooke
- Berenson‐Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of NeurologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston Massachusetts
| | - David Fischer
- Departments of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| | - Alexander L. Cohen
- Berenson‐Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of NeurologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston Massachusetts
- Department of NeurologyBoston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| | - Jordan H. Grafman
- Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago Chicago Illinois
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Neurology, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Center, Department of Psychiatry, Feinberg School of Medicine and Department of Psychology, Weinberg College of Arts and SciencesNorthwestern University Chicago Illinois
| | - Michael D. Fox
- Berenson‐Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of NeurologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Charlestown Massachusetts
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15
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Zhu J, Hafycz J, Keenan BT, Guo X, Pack A, Naidoo N. Acute Sleep Loss Upregulates the Synaptic Scaffolding Protein, Homer1a, in Non-canonical Sleep/Wake Brain Regions, Claustrum, Piriform and Cingulate Cortices. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:188. [PMID: 32231514 PMCID: PMC7083128 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Homer proteins are a component of the post-synaptic density of neurons that are necessary for the maintenance and consolidation of behavioral state. The dominant negative protein homer1a is rapidly increased by neuronal activity and sleep loss. Homer1a knockout mice with globally absent homer1a have reduced ability to sustain wakefulness during the active period. It is not known whether homer1a is required globally or in very specific brain regions or neurons for its role in maintaining wake. In this study, we examined the expression of homer1a, an immediate early gene involved in intracellular signaling cascades, in mice subjected to extended wakefulness. We found that mice displayed increased expression of homer1a in the claustrum, a brain region thought to be involved in consciousness, as well as the cingulate and piriform cortices compared to non-sleep deprived mice. In situ hybridization (ISH) studies also indicate that homer1a is not induced in the known wake promoting regions with sleep deprivation, but is instead upregulated primarily in the claustrum and piriform cortex. Examination of homer1a expression levels with recovery sleep after sleep deprivation indicate that baseline homer1a expression levels were restored. Further, we have identified that homer1a is upregulated in excitatory neurons of the claustrum suggesting that homer1a promotes wakefulness through activating excitatory neurons. This work identifies regions previously unknown to be involved in sleep regulation that respond to acute sleep deprivation or enhanced waking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nirinjini Naidoo
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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16
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Snider SB, Hsu J, Darby RR, Cooke D, Fischer D, Cohen AL, Grafman JH, Fox MD. Cortical lesions causing loss of consciousness are anticorrelated with the dorsal brainstem. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:1520-1531. [PMID: 31904898 PMCID: PMC7268053 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain lesions can provide unique insight into the neuroanatomical substrate of human consciousness. For example, brainstem lesions causing coma map to a specific region of the tegmentum. Whether specific lesion locations outside the brainstem are associated with loss of consciousness (LOC) remains unclear. Here, we investigate the topography of cortical lesions causing prolonged LOC (N = 16), transient LOC (N = 91), or no LOC (N = 64). Using standard voxel lesion symptom mapping, no focus of brain damage was associated with LOC. Next, we computed the network of brain regions functionally connected to each lesion location using a large normative connectome dataset (N = 1,000). This technique, termed lesion network mapping, can test whether lesions causing LOC map to a connected brain circuit rather than one brain region. Connectivity between cortical lesion locations and an a priori coma-specific region of brainstem tegmentum was an independent predictor of LOC (B = 1.2, p = .004). Connectivity to the dorsal brainstem was the only predictor of LOC in a whole-brain voxel-wise analysis. This relationship was driven by anticorrelation (negative correlation) between lesion locations and the dorsal brainstem. The map of regions anticorrelated to the dorsal brainstem thus defines a distributed brain circuit that, when damaged, is most likely to cause LOC. This circuit showed a slight posterior predominance and had peaks in the bilateral claustrum. Our results suggest that cortical lesions causing LOC map to a connected brain circuit, linking cortical lesions that disrupt consciousness to brainstem sites that maintain arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel B Snider
- Departments of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joey Hsu
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - R Ryan Darby
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Danielle Cooke
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Fischer
- Departments of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexander L Cohen
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jordan H Grafman
- Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Neurology, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Center, Department of Psychiatry, Feinberg School of Medicine and Department of Psychology, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael D Fox
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts
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17
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Ibrahim C, Le Foll B, French L. Transcriptomic Characterization of the Human Insular Cortex and Claustrum. Front Neuroanat 2019; 13:94. [PMID: 31827426 PMCID: PMC6890825 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2019.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The insular cortex has been linked to a multitude of functions. In contrast, the nearby claustrum is a densely connected subcortical region with unclear function. To view the insula-claustrum region from the molecular perspective we analyzed the transcriptomic profile of these areas in six adult and four fetal human brains. We identified marker genes with specific expression and performed transcriptome-wide tests for enrichment of biological processes, molecular functions, and cellular components. In addition, specific insular and claustral expression of genes pertaining to diseases, addiction, and depression was tested. At the anatomical level, we used brain-wide analyses to determine the specificity of our results and to determine the transcriptomic similarity of the insula-claustrum region. We found UCMA to be the most significantly enriched gene in the insular cortex and confirmed specific expression of NR4A2, NTNG2, and LXN in the claustrum. Furthermore, the insula was found to have enriched expression of genes associated with mood disorders, learning, cardiac muscle contraction, oxygen transport, glutamate and dopamine signaling. Specific expression in the claustrum was enriched for genes pertaining to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), severe intellectual disability, epileptic encephalopathy, intracellular transport, spine development, and macroautophagy. We tested for enrichment of genes related to addiction and depression, but they were generally not highly specific to the insula-claustrum region. Exceptions include high insular expression of genes linked to cocaine abuse and genes associated with ever smoking in the claustrum. Brain-wide, we find that markers of the adult claustrum are most specifically expressed in the fetal and adult insula. Altogether, our results provide a novel molecular perspective on the unique properties of the insula and claustrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Ibrahim
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leon French
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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18
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Pavel B, Menardy F, Rotaru D, Paslaru AC, Acatrinei C, Zagrean L, Popa D, Zagrean AM. Electrical Stimulation in the Claustrum Area Induces a Deepening of Isoflurane Anesthesia in Rat. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9110304. [PMID: 31683949 PMCID: PMC6895863 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9110304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the claustrum in consciousness and vigilance states was proposed more than two decades ago; however, its role in anesthesia is not yet understood, and this requires more investigation. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of claustrum electrical stimulation during isoflurane anesthesia in adult rats. The claustrum in the left hemisphere was electrically stimulated using a bipolar tungsten electrode inserted stereotaxically. In order to monitor the anesthetic depth, the electrocorticogram (ECoG) was recorded before, during, and after claustrum stimulation using frontal and parietal epidural electrodes placed over the left hemisphere. After reaching stabilized slow-wave isoflurane anesthesia, twenty stimuli, each of one second duration with ten seconds interstimulus duration, were applied. ECoG analysis has shown that, after a delay from the beginning of stimulation, the slow-wave ECoG signal changed to a transient burst suppression (BS) pattern. Our results show that electrical stimulation of the claustrum area during slow-wave isoflurane anesthesia induces a transitory increase in anesthetic depth, documented by the appearance of a BS ECoG pattern, and suggests a potential role of claustrum in anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Pavel
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Fabien Menardy
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Diana Rotaru
- Department of Neuroimaging, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE58AF, UK.
| | - Alexandru Catalin Paslaru
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Camelia Acatrinei
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Leon Zagrean
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Daniela Popa
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Ana-Maria Zagrean
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
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19
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Bickel S, Parvizi J. Electrical stimulation of the human claustrum. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 97:296-303. [PMID: 31196825 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To probe the causal importance of the claustrum in human subjective experience, we delivered electrical pulses either unilaterally or bilaterally within the core of this structure in five neurosurgical patients implanted with intracranial electrodes. Patients reported subjective experiences in various sensory domains and exhibited reflexive movements after real but not sham stimulations. However, none of the stimulations evoked loss of consciousness or lack of subjective awareness even with strong bilateral stimulations. Our study is the first to probe the effects of electrical perturbation of human claustrum through electrodes implanted within the claustrum itself and provide novel causal information about the human claustrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Bickel
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, Stanford Human Intracranial Cognitive Electrophysiology Program, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Josef Parvizi
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, Stanford Human Intracranial Cognitive Electrophysiology Program, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America.
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Zhao T, Zhu Y, Tang H, Xie R, Zhu J, Zhang JH. Consciousness: New Concepts and Neural Networks. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:302. [PMID: 31338025 PMCID: PMC6629860 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The definition of consciousness remains a difficult issue that requires urgent understanding and resolution. Currently, consciousness research is an intensely focused area of neuroscience. However, to establish a greater understanding of the concept of consciousness, more detailed, intrinsic neurobiological research is needed. Additionally, an accurate assessment of the level of consciousness may strengthen our awareness of this concept and provide new ideas for patients undergoing clinical treatment of consciousness disorders. In addition, research efforts that help elucidate the concept of consciousness have important scientific and clinical significance. This review presents the latest progress in consciousness research and proposes our assumptions with regard to the network of consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqian Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailiang Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhong Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - John H. Zhang
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
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Kurada L, Bayat A, Joshi S, Koubeissi MZ. The Claustrum in Relation to Seizures and Electrical Stimulation. Front Neuroanat 2019; 13:8. [PMID: 30809132 PMCID: PMC6379271 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2019.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural mechanisms of altered consciousness that accompanies most epileptic seizures are not known. We have reported alteration of consciousness resulting from electrical stimulation of the claustrum via a depth electrode in a woman with refractory focal epilepsy. Additionally, there are reports that suggest possible claustral involvement in focal epilepsy, including MRI findings of bilaterally increased T2 signal intensity in patients with status epilepticus (SE). Although its cytoarchitecture and connectivity have been studied extensively, the precise role of the claustrum in consciousness processing, and, thus, its contribution to the semiology of dyscognitive seizures are still elusive. To investigate the role of the claustrum in rats, we studied the effect of high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the claustrum on performance in the operant chamber. We also studied the inter-claustral and the claustro-hippocampal connectivity through cerebro-cerebral evoked potentials (CCEPs), and investigated the involvement of the claustrum in kainate (KA)-induced seizures. We found that HFS of the claustrum decreased the performance in the operant task in a manner that was proportional to the current intensity used. In this article, we present previously unpublished data about the effect of stimulating extra-claustral regions in the operant chamber task as a control experiment. In these animals, stimulation of the corpus callosum, the largest interhemispheric commissure, as well as the orbitofrontal cortex in the vicinity of the claustrum did not produce that same effect as with claustral stimulation. Additionally, CCEPs established the presence of effective connectivity between both claustra, as well as between the claustrum and bilateral hippocampi indicating that these connections may be part of the circuitry involved in alteration of consciousness in limbic seizures. Lastly, some seizures induced by KA injections showed an early involvement of the claustrum with later propagation to the hippocampi. Further work is needed to clarify the exact role of the claustrum in mediating alteration of consciousness during epileptic seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalitha Kurada
- Department of Neurology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Arezou Bayat
- Department of Neurology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Sweta Joshi
- Department of Neurology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Mohamad Z Koubeissi
- Department of Neurology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
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Hinova-Palova D, Iliev A, Edelstein L, Landzhov B, Kotov G, Paloff A. Electron microscopic study of Golgi-impregnated and gold-toned neurons and fibers in the claustrum of the cat. J Mol Histol 2018; 49:615-630. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-018-9799-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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A pilot study of the role of the claustrum in attention and seizures in rats. Epilepsy Res 2018; 140:97-104. [PMID: 29324357 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The claustrum has been implicated in consciousness, and MRIs of patients with status epilepticus have shown increased claustral signal intensity. In an attempt to investigate the role of claustrum in cognition and seizures, we (1) assessed the effect of high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the claustrum on performance in the operant chamber; (2) studied interclaustral and claustrohippocampal connectivity through cerebro-cerebral evoked potentials (CCEPs); and (3) investigated the role of claustrum in kainate-induced (KA) seizures. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained in operant conditioning and implanted with electrodes in bilateral claustra and hippocampi. Claustrum HFS (50 Hz) was delivered bilaterally and unilaterally with increasing intensities from 50 to 1000 μA, and performance scores were assessed. CCEPs were studied by averaging the responses to bipolar stimulations, 1-ms wide pulses at 0.1 Hz to the claustrum. KA seizures were analyzed on video-EEG recordings. RESULTS Generalized Estimating Equations analysis revealed that claustral stimulation reduced task performance scores relative to rest sessions (bilateral: -15.8 percentage points, p < 0.0001; unilateral: -15.2, p < 0.0001). With some stimulations, the rats showed a stimulus-locked decrease in attentiveness and, occasionally, an inability to complete the operant task. CCEPs demonstrated interclaustral and claustrohippocampal connectivity. Some KA seizures appeared to originate from the claustrum. CONCLUSIONS Findings from the operant conditioning task suggest stimulation of the claustrum can alter attention or awareness. CCEPs demonstrated connectivity between the two claustra and between the claustrum and the hippocampi. Such connectivity may be part of the circuitry that underlies the alteration of awareness in limbic seizures. Lastly, KA seizures showed early involvement of the claustrum, a finding that also supports a possible role of the claustrum in the alteration of consciousness that accompanies dyscognitive seizures.
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Rabellino D, Densmore M, Harricharan S, Jean T, McKinnon MC, Lanius RA. Resting-state functional connectivity of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in post-traumatic stress disorder and its dissociative subtype. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 39:1367-1379. [PMID: 29266586 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The bed nucleus of the stria terminals (BNST) is a subcortical structure involved in anticipatory and sustained reactivity to threat and is thus essential to the understanding of anxiety and stress responses. Although chronic stress and anxiety represent a hallmark of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), to date, few studies have examined the functional connectivity of the BNST in PTSD. Here, we used resting state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to investigate the functional connectivity of the BNST in PTSD (n = 70), its dissociative subtype (PTSD + DS) (n = 41), and healthy controls (n = 50). In comparison to controls, PTSD showed increased functional connectivity of the BNST with regions of the reward system (ventral and dorsal striatum), possibly underlying stress-induced reward-seeking behaviors in PTSD. By contrast, comparing PTSD + DS to controls, we observed increased functional connectivity of the BNST with the claustrum, a brain region implicated in consciousness and a primary site of kappa-opioid receptors, which are critical to the dynorphin-mediated dysphoric stress response. Moreover, PTSD + DS showed increased functional connectivity of the BNST with brain regions involved in attention and salience detection (anterior insula and caudate nucleus) as compared to PTSD and controls. Finally, BNST functional connectivity positively correlated with default-mode network regions as a function of state identity dissociation, suggesting a role of BNST networks in the disruption of self-relevant processing characterizing the dissociative subtype. These findings represent an important first step in elucidating the role of the BNST in aberrant functional networks underlying PTSD and its dissociative subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rabellino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Densmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Imaging Division, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sherain Harricharan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Théberge Jean
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Imaging Division, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margaret C McKinnon
- Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruth A Lanius
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Imaging Division, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Organization of the Claustrum-to-Entorhinal Cortical Connection in Mice. J Neurosci 2017; 37:269-280. [PMID: 28077707 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1360-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The claustrum, a subcortical structure situated between the insular cortex and striatum, is reciprocally connected with almost all neocortical regions. Based on this connectivity, the claustrum has been postulated to integrate multisensory information and, in turn, coordinate widespread cortical activity. Although studies have identified how sensory information is mapped onto the claustrum, the function of individual topographically arranged claustro-cortical pathways has been little explored. Here, we investigated the organization and function of identified claustro-cortical pathways in mice using multiple anatomical and optogenetic techniques. Retrograde and anterograde tracing demonstrated that the density of anterior claustrum-to-cortical projection differs substantially depending on the target cortical areas. One of the major targets was the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) and the MEC-projecting claustral neurons were largely segregated from the neurons projecting to primary cortices M1, S1, or V1. Exposure to a novel environment induced c-Fos expression in a substantial number of MEC-projecting claustral neurons and some M1/S1/V1-projecting claustral neurons. Optogenetic silencing of the MEC-projecting claustral neurons during contextual fear conditioning impaired later memory retrieval without affecting basal locomotor activity or anxiety-related behavior. These results suggest that the dense, anterior claustro-MEC pathway that is largely separated from other claustro-cortical pathways is activated by novel context and modulates the MEC function in contextual memory. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The claustrum is a poorly understood subcortical structure reciprocally connected with widespread neocortical regions. We investigated the organization and function of identified claustro-cortical projections in mice using pathway-specific approaches. Anatomical tracing showed that the density of anterior claustrum-to-cortical projection is dependent on the target cortical areas and that the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) is one of the major projection targets. Novel context exposure activated multiple claustro-cortical pathways and a large fraction of the activated neurons projected to the MEC. Optogenetic silencing of the claustro-MEC pathway during contextual fear learning suppressed subsequent memory retrieval. These results suggest that the dense claustro-MEC pathway is activated by novel context and modulates MEC function in contextual memory.
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Barbier M, Houdayer C, Franchi G, Poncet F, Risold PY. Melanin-concentrating hormone axons, but not orexin or tyrosine hydroxylase axons, innervate the claustrum in the rat: An immunohistochemical study. J Comp Neurol 2016; 525:1489-1498. [PMID: 27580962 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The claustrum is a small, elongated nucleus close to the external capsule and deep in the insular cortex. In rodents, this nucleus is characterized by a dense cluster of parvalbumin labeling. The claustrum is connected with the cerebral cortex. It does not project to the brainstem, but brainstem structures can influence this nucleus. To identify some specific projections from the lateral hypothalamus and midbrain, we analyzed the distribution of projections labeled with antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), and hypocretin (Hcrt) in the region of the claustrum. The claustrum contains a significant projection by MCH axons, whereas it is devoid of TH projections. Unlike TH and MCH axons, Hcrt axons are scattered throughout the region. This observation is discussed mainly with regard to the role of the claustrum in cognitive functions and that of MCH in REM sleep. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:1489-1498, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Barbier
- EA3922, UFR Sciences Médicales et Pharmaceutiques, IFR IBCT, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 25030, Besançon, France
| | - Christophe Houdayer
- EA3922, UFR Sciences Médicales et Pharmaceutiques, IFR IBCT, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 25030, Besançon, France
| | - Gabrielle Franchi
- EA3922, UFR Sciences Médicales et Pharmaceutiques, IFR IBCT, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 25030, Besançon, France
| | - Fabrice Poncet
- EA3922, UFR Sciences Médicales et Pharmaceutiques, IFR IBCT, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 25030, Besançon, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Risold
- EA3922, UFR Sciences Médicales et Pharmaceutiques, IFR IBCT, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 25030, Besançon, France
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Smith JB, Liang Z, Watson GDR, Alloway KD, Zhang N. Interhemispheric resting-state functional connectivity of the claustrum in the awake and anesthetized states. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 222:2041-2058. [PMID: 27714529 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The claustrum is a brain region whose function remains unknown, though many investigators suggest it plays a role in conscious attention. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) has revealed how anesthesia alters many functional connections in the brain, but the functional role of the claustrum with respect to the awake versus anesthetized states remains unknown. Therefore, we employed a combination of seed-based RS-fMRI and neuroanatomical tracing to reveal how the anatomical connections of the claustrum are related to its functional connectivity during quiet wakefulness and the isoflurane-induced anesthetic state. In awake rats, RS-fMRI indicates that the claustrum has interhemispheric functional connections with the mediodorsal thalamus (MD) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), as well as other known connections with cortical areas that correspond to the connections revealed by neuroanatomical tracing. During deep isoflurane anesthesia, the functional connections of the claustrum with mPFC and MD were significantly attenuated, while those with the rest of cortex were not significantly altered. These changes in claustral functional connectivity were also observed when seeds were placed in mPFC or MD during RS-fMRI comparisons of the awake and deeply anesthetized states. Collectively, these data indicate that the claustrum has functional connections with mPFC and MD-thalamus that are significantly lessened by anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared B Smith
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,Center for Neural Engineering, Penn State University, W-316 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.,Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Zhifeng Liang
- Center for Neural Engineering, Penn State University, W-316 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, W-341 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,Laboratory of Comparative Neuroimaging, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Glenn D R Watson
- Center for Neural Engineering, Penn State University, W-316 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Kevin D Alloway
- Center for Neural Engineering, Penn State University, W-316 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. .,The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. .,Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - Nanyin Zhang
- Center for Neural Engineering, Penn State University, W-316 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, W-341 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. .,The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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