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Igudesman D, Abbaspour A, Reed KK, Flatt RE, Becken B, Thornton LM, Bulik CM, Carroll IM. Laxative Abuse Is Associated With a Depleted Gut Microbial Community Structure Among Women and Men With Binge-Eating Disorder or Bulimia Nervosa: The Binge Eating Genetics Initiative. Psychosom Med 2023; 85:727-735. [PMID: 37363967 PMCID: PMC10543565 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed the associations of binge eating, compensatory behaviors, and dietary restraint with the composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota among participants with binge-eating disorder or bulimia nervosa. METHODS We analyzed data from 265 participants aged 18 to 45 years with current binge-eating disorder or bulimia nervosa enrolled in the Binge Eating Genetics Initiative study. We evaluated the associations of binge-eating frequency; presence/absence and frequency of vomiting, laxative use, and compulsive exercise; and dietary restraint with abundances of gut microbial genera, species, and diversity (Shannon diversity, Faith phylogenetic diversity, and Peilou's evenness) from 16S rRNA gene sequencing. General linear regression models adjusted for potential confounders, including age and current body mass index, were used to test associations; p values were corrected for the false discovery rate. RESULTS The normalized abundance of four genus- and species-level gut microbes and three diversity indices were lower among Binge Eating Genetics Initiative participants who reported any laxative use compared with those who reported no laxative use. Vomiting frequency was positively associated with the normalized abundance of the genus Escherichia-Shigella , a potential pathobiont, although the association was attenuated to nonsignificance after adjustment for age, body mass index, and binge-eating episodes. CONCLUSIONS Laxative use was highly and uniformly predictive of a reduced gut microbial diversity including potential commensals and pathobionts, and should be assessed and accounted for in all future studies of eating disorders and the gut microbiota. Future studies should collect data on specific medications-particularly laxatives-and dietary intake to obtain unbiased estimates of the effect of eating disorders on the gut microbiota and identify potential downstream clinical implications.Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04162574 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Igudesman
- From the Department of Nutrition (Igudesman, Reed, Bulik, Carroll), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Abbaspour, Bulik) Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience (Flatt), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (Becken), University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; and Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (Thornton, Bulik), Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Corbin KD, Carnero EA, Dirks B, Igudesman D, Yi F, Marcus A, Davis TL, Pratley RE, Rittmann BE, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Smith SR. Host-diet-gut microbiome interactions influence human energy balance: a randomized clinical trial. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3161. [PMID: 37258525 PMCID: PMC10232526 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38778-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is emerging as a key modulator of human energy balance. Prior studies in humans lacked the environmental and dietary controls and precision required to quantitatively evaluate the contributions of the gut microbiome. Using a Microbiome Enhancer Diet (MBD) designed to deliver more dietary substrates to the colon and therefore modulate the gut microbiome, we quantified microbial and host contributions to human energy balance in a controlled feeding study with a randomized crossover design in young, healthy, weight stable males and females (NCT02939703). In a metabolic ward where the environment was strictly controlled, we measured energy intake, energy expenditure, and energy output (fecal and urinary). The primary endpoint was the within-participant difference in host metabolizable energy between experimental conditions [Control, Western Diet (WD) vs. MBD]. The secondary endpoints were enteroendocrine hormones, hunger/satiety, and food intake. Here we show that, compared to the WD, the MBD leads to an additional 116 ± 56 kcals (P < 0.0001) lost in feces daily and thus, lower metabolizable energy for the host (89.5 ± 0.73%; range 84.2-96.1% on the MBD vs. 95.4 ± 0.21%; range 94.1-97.0% on the WD; P < 0.0001) without changes in energy expenditure, hunger/satiety or food intake (P > 0.05). Microbial 16S rRNA gene copy number (a surrogate of biomass) increases (P < 0.0001), beta-diversity changes (whole genome shotgun sequencing; P = 0.02), and fermentation products increase (P < 0.01) on an MBD as compared to a WD along with significant changes in the host enteroendocrine system (P < 0.0001). The substantial interindividual variability in metabolizable energy on the MBD is explained in part by fecal SCFAs and biomass. Our results reveal the complex host-diet-microbiome interplay that modulates energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen D Corbin
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Elvis A Carnero
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Blake Dirks
- Biodesign Center for Health through Microbiomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Daria Igudesman
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Fanchao Yi
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Andrew Marcus
- Biodesign Center for Health through Microbiomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Skyology Inc, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Taylor L Davis
- Biodesign Center for Health through Microbiomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
- Biodesign Center for Health through Microbiomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | - Steven R Smith
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA.
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Carnero EA, Bock CP, Liu Y, Corbin K, Wohlers-Kariesch E, Ruud K, Moon J, Marcus A, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Muraviev A, Vodopyanov KL, Smith SR. Measurement of 24-h continuous human CH 4 release in a whole room indirect calorimeter. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:766-776. [PMID: 36794690 PMCID: PMC10027086 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00705.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the technology and validation of a new whole room indirect calorimeter (WRIC) methodology to quantify volume of methane (VCH4) released from the human body over 24 h concurrently with the assessment of energy expenditure and substrate utilization. The new system extends the assessment of energy metabolism by adding CH4, a downstream product of microbiome fermentation that could contribute to energy balance. Our new system consists of an established WRIC combined with the addition of off-axis integrated-cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) to measure CH4 concentration ([CH4]). Development, validation, and reliability of the system included environmental experiments to measure the stability of the atmospheric [CH4], infusing CH4 into the WRIC and human cross-validation studies comparing [CH4] quantified by OA-ICOS and mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy (MIR DCS).Our infusion data indicated that the system measured 24-h [CH4] and VCH4 with high sensitivity, reliability, and validity. Cross-validation studies showed good agreement between OA-ICOS and MIR DCS technologies (r = 0.979, P < 0.0001). Human data revealed 24-h VCH4 was highly variable between subjects and within/between days. Finally, our method to quantify VCH4 released by breath or colon suggested that over 50% of the CH4 was eliminated through the breath. The method allows, for the first time, measurement of 24-h VCH4 (in kcal) and therefore the measurement of the proportion of human energy intake fermented to CH4 by the gut microbiome and released via breath or from the intestine; also, it allows us to track the effects of dietary, probiotic, bacterial, and fecal microbiota transplantation on VCH4.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first time that continuous assessment of CH4 is reported in parallel with measurements of O2 consumption and CO2 production inside a whole room indirect calorimeter in humans and over 24 h. We provide a detailed description of the whole system and its parts. We carried out studies of reliability and validity of the whole system and its parts. CH4 is released in humans during daily activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. A. Carnero
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - C. P. Bock
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - Y. Liu
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - K. Corbin
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | | | - K. Ruud
- MEI Research, Ltd., Edina, Minnesota, United States
| | - J. Moon
- MEI Research, Ltd., Edina, Minnesota, United States
| | - A. Marcus
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States
- Biodesign Center for Health Through Microbiomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States
| | - R. Krajmalnik-Brown
- Biodesign Center for Health Through Microbiomes, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States
| | - A. Muraviev
- CREOL, College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - K. L. Vodopyanov
- CREOL, College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - S. R. Smith
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, United States
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Corbin KD, Carnero EA, Dirks B, Igudesman D, Yi F, Marcus A, Davis TL, Pratley RE, Rittmann BE, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Smith SR. Reprogramming the Human Gut Microbiome Reduces Dietary Energy Harvest. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2382790. [PMID: 36747835 PMCID: PMC9901041 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2382790/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is emerging as a key modulator of host energy balance1. We conducted a quantitative bioenergetics study aimed at understanding microbial and host factors contributing to energy balance. We used a Microbiome Enhancer Diet (MBD) to reprogram the gut microbiome by delivering more dietary substrates to the colon and randomized healthy participants into a within-subject crossover study with a Western Diet (WD) as a comparator. In a metabolic ward where the environment was strictly controlled, we measured energy intake, energy expenditure, and energy output (fecal, urinary, and methane)2. The primary endpoint was the within-participant difference in host metabolizable energy between experimental conditions. The MBD led to an additional 116 ± 56 kcals lost in feces daily and thus, lower metabolizable energy for the host by channeling more energy to the colon and microbes. The MBD drove significant shifts in microbial biomass, community structure, and fermentation, with parallel alterations to the host enteroendocrine system and without altering appetite or energy expenditure. Host metabolizable energy on the MBD had quantitatively significant interindividual variability, which was associated with differences in the composition of the gut microbiota experimentally and colonic transit time and short-chain fatty acid absorption in silico. Our results provide key insights into how a diet designed to optimize the gut microbiome lowers host metabolizable energy in healthy humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen D. Corbin
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, Florida
| | | | - Blake Dirks
- Biodesign Center for Health through Microbiomes, Tempe, AZ,Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Daria Igudesman
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, Florida
| | - Fanchao Yi
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, Florida
| | - Andrew Marcus
- Biodesign Center for Health through Microbiomes, Tempe, AZ,Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Taylor L. Davis
- Biodesign Center for Health through Microbiomes, Tempe, AZ,Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | | | - Bruce E. Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ,School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
- Biodesign Center for Health through Microbiomes, Tempe, AZ,School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Steven R. Smith
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, Florida
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Corbin KD, Igudesman D, Addala A, Casu A, Crandell J, Kosorok MR, Maahs DM, Pokaprakarn T, Pratley RE, Souris KJ, Thomas J, Zaharieva DP, Mayer-Davis E. Design of the advancing care for type 1 diabetes and obesity network energy metabolism and sequential multiple assignment randomized trial nutrition pilot studies: An integrated approach to develop weight management solutions for individuals with type 1 diabetes. Contemp Clin Trials 2022; 117:106765. [PMID: 35460915 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2022.106765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) often have difficulty co-managing weight and glycemia. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among individuals with T1D now parallels that of the general population and contributes to dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and risk for cardiovascular disease. There is a compelling need to develop a program of research designed to optimize two key outcomes-weight management and glycemia-and to address the underlying metabolic processes and behavioral challenges unique to people with T1D. For an intervention addressing these dual outcomes to be effective, it must be appropriate to the unique metabolic phenotype of T1D, and to biological and behavioral responses to glycemia (including hypoglycemia) that relate to weight management. The intervention must also be safe, feasible, and accepted by young adults with T1D. In 2015, we established a consortium called ACT1ON: Advancing Care for Type 1 Diabetes and Obesity Network, a transdisciplinary team of scientists at multiple institutions. The ACT1ON consortium designed a multi-phase study which, in parallel, evaluated the mechanistic aspects of the unique metabolism and energy requirements of individuals with T1D, alongside a rigorous adaptive behavioral intervention to simultaneously facilitate weight management while optimizing glycemia. This manuscript describes the design of our integrative study-comprised of an inpatient mechanistic phase and an outpatient behavioral phase-to generate metabolic, behavioral, feasibility, and acceptability data to support a future, fully powered sequential, multiple assignment, randomized trial to evaluate the best approaches to prevent and treat obesity while co-managing glycemia in people with T1D. Clinicaltrials.gov identifiers: NCT03651622 and NCT03379792. The present study references can be found here: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03651622 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03379792?term=NCT03379792&draw=2&rank=1 Submission Category: "Study Design, Statistical Design, Study Protocols".
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen D Corbin
- AdventHealth, Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, United States of America
| | - Daria Igudesman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America; School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Ananta Addala
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center and Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford, CA, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Anna Casu
- AdventHealth, Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, United States of America
| | - Jamie Crandell
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Michael R Kosorok
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - David M Maahs
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center and Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford, CA, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Teeranan Pokaprakarn
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Richard E Pratley
- AdventHealth, Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, United States of America
| | - Katherine J Souris
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America; School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Joan Thomas
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America; School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Dessi P Zaharieva
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center and Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford, CA, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Mayer-Davis
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America; School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America.
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Allerton TD, Carnero EA, Bock C, Corbin KD, Luyet PP, Smith SR, Ravussin E. Reliability of measurements of energy expenditure and substrate oxidation using whole-room indirect calorimetry. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1508-1515. [PMID: 34355521 PMCID: PMC9178907 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This analysis aimed to measure the intraparticipant reliability-the intraclass correlation coefficient-of all the components of daily energy expenditure (EE) (24-hour EE, sleep EE, resting EE, basal EE, and thermic effect of food) over a period of 3 consecutive days in 35 study participants. METHODS The components of daily EE and substrate use (respiratory exchange ratio) were measured over 3 consecutive days before and after a 3-week 1,000-kcal/d caloric restriction/weight-loss intervention. RESULTS There was a high degree of reliability for sleep EE (96.8%), 24-hour EE (97.8%), basal EE (90.6%), and resting EE (93.2%) during the run-in period. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the follow-up period after weight loss (3.67 ± 1.10 kg) remained high for sleep EE (95.6%), 24-hour EE (100%), basal EE (96.1%), and resting EE (92.5%). The minimal detectable differences in EE were reduced by 30% for both 24-hour EE and sleep EE when comparing 2 days versus 1 day spent in the whole-room indirect calorimeter. CONCLUSIONS The reliability of the daily components of EE is very high both prior to and after a weight-loss intervention. We here provide instrumental data for investigators to adequately power studies investigating energy metabolism using whole-room indirect calorimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
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Developing a model for estimating the activity of colonic microbes after intestinal surgeries. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253542. [PMID: 34319981 PMCID: PMC8318292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The large intestine provides a compensatory role in energy recovery when surgical interventions such as extensive small intestinal resections or bypass operations lower the efficiency of nutrient absorption in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. While microorganisms in the colon are known to play vital roles in recovering energy, their contributions remain to be qualified and quantified in the small intestine resection. Objective We develop a mathematical model that links nutrient absorption in the upper and lower GI tract in two steps. Methods First, we describe the effects of small intestine resection on the ileocecal output (ICO), which enters the colon and provides food for microbes. Second, we describe energy recovered by the colon’s microorganisms via short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. We obtain model parameters by performing a least-squares regression analysis on clinical data for subjects with normal physiology and those who had undergone small intestine resection. Results For subjects with their intestines intact, our model provided a metabolizable energy value that aligns well with the traditional Atwater coefficients. With removal of the small intestine, physiological absorption became less efficient, and the metabolizable energy decreased. In parallel, the inefficiencies in physiological absorption by the small intestine are partly compensated by production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) from proteins and carbohydrates by microorganisms in the colon. The colon recovered more than half of the gross energy intake when the entire small intestine was removed. Meanwhile, the quality of energy absorbed changed, because microbe-derived SCFAs, not the original components of food, become the dominant form of absorbed energy. Conclusion The mathematical model developed here provides an important framework for describing the effect of clinical interventions on the colon’s microorganisms.
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Lorenz KA, Yeshurun S, Aziz R, Ortiz-Delatorre J, Bagley JR, Mor M, Kern M. A Handheld Metabolic Device (Lumen) to Measure Fuel Utilization in Healthy Young Adults: Device Validation Study. Interact J Med Res 2021; 10:e25371. [PMID: 33870899 PMCID: PMC8167606 DOI: 10.2196/25371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic carts measure the carbon dioxide (CO2) produced and oxygen consumed by an individual when breathing to assess metabolic fuel usage (carbohydrates versus fats). However, these systems are expensive, time-consuming, and only available in health care laboratory settings. A small handheld device capable of determining metabolic fuel usage via CO2 from exhaled air has been developed. Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the validity of a novel handheld device (Lumen) for measuring metabolic fuel utilization in healthy young adults. Methods Metabolic fuel usage was assessed in healthy participants (n=33; mean age 23.1 years, SD 3.9 years) via respiratory exchange ratio (RER) values obtained from a metabolic cart as well as % CO2 from the Lumen device. Measurements were performed at rest in two conditions: fasting, and after consuming 150 grams of glucose, in order to determine changes in metabolic fuel usage. Reduced major axis regression and simple linear regression were performed to test for agreement between RER and Lumen % CO2. Results Both RER and Lumen % CO2 significantly increased after glucose intake (P<.001 for both) compared with fasting conditions, by 0.089 and 0.28, respectively. Regression analyses revealed an agreement between the two measurements (F1,63=18.54; P<.001). Conclusions This study shows the validity of Lumen for detecting changes in metabolic fuel utilization in a comparable manner with a laboratory standard metabolic cart, providing the ability for real-time metabolic information for users under any circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent Arnold Lorenz
- Department of Kinesiology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Richard Aziz
- Department of Kinesiology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - James Robert Bagley
- Department of Kinesiology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Marialice Kern
- Department of Kinesiology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Mucinski JM, Vena JE, Ramos-Roman MA, Lassman ME, Szuszkiewicz-Garcia M, McLaren DG, Previs SF, Shankar SS, Parks EJ. High-throughput LC-MS method to investigate postprandial lipemia: considerations for future precision nutrition research. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E702-E715. [PMID: 33522396 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00526.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Elevated postprandial lipemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, yet methods to quantitate postmeal handling of dietary lipids in humans are limited. This study tested a new method to track dietary lipid appearance using a stable isotope tracer (2H11-oleate) in liquid meals containing three levels of fat [low fat (LF), 15 g; moderate fat (MF), 30 g; high fat (HF), 60 g]. Meals were fed to 12 healthy men [means ± SD, age 31.3 ± 9.2 yr, body mass index (BMI) 24.5 ± 1.9 kg/m2] during four randomized study visits; the HF meal was administered twice for reproducibility. Blood was collected over 8 h postprandially, triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins (TRL), and particles with a Svedberg flotation rate >400 (Sf > 400, n = 8) were isolated by ultracentrifugation, and labeling of two TG species (54:3 and 52:2) was quantified by LC-MS. Total plasma TRL-TG concentrations were threefold greater than Sf > 400-TG. Both Sf > 400- and TRL-TG 54:3 were present at higher concentrations than 52:2, and singly labeled TG concentrations were higher than doubly labeled. Furthermore, TG 54:3 and the singly labeled molecules demonstrated higher plasma absolute entry rates differing significantly across fat levels within a single TG species (P < 0.01). Calculation of fractional entry showed no significant differences in label handling supporting the utility of either TG species for appearance rate calculations. These data demonstrate the utility of labeling research meals with stable isotopes to investigate human postprandial lipemia while simultaneously highlighting the importance of examining individual responses. Meal type and timing, control of prestudy activities, and effects of sex on outcomes should match the research goals. The method, optimized here, will be beneficial to conduct basic science research in precision nutrition and clinical drug development.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A novel method to test human intestinal lipid handling using stable isotope labeling is presented and, for the first time, plasma appearance and lipid turnover were quantified in 12 healthy men following meals with varying amounts of fat. The method can be applied to studies in precision nutrition characterizing individual response to support basic science research or drug development. This report discusses key questions for consideration in precision nutrition that were highlighted by the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine M Mucinski
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jennifer E Vena
- Alberta's Tomorrow Project, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maria A Ramos-Roman
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elizabeth J Parks
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
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Davis TL, Dirks B, Carnero EA, Corbin KD, Krakoff J, Parrington S, Lee D, Smith SR, Rittmann BE, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Marcus AK. Chemical Oxygen Demand Can Be Converted to Gross Energy for Food Items Using a Linear Regression Model. J Nutr 2021; 151:445-453. [PMID: 33188419 PMCID: PMC7850027 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human and microbial metabolism are distinct disciplines. Terminology, metrics, and methodologies have been developed separately. Therefore, combining the 2 fields to study energetic processes simultaneously is difficult. OBJECTIVES When developing a mechanistic framework describing gut microbiome and human metabolism interactions, energy values of food and digestive materials that use consistent and compatible metrics are required. As an initial step toward this goal, we developed and validated a model to convert between chemical oxygen demand (COD) and gross energy (${E_g}$) for >100 food items and ingredients. METHODS We developed linear regression models to relate (and be able to convert between) theoretical gross energy (${E_g}^{\prime}$) and chemical oxygen demand (COD'); the latter is a measure of electron equivalents in the food's carbon. We developed an overall regression model for the food items as a whole and separate regression models for the carbohydrate, protein, and fat components. The models were validated using a sample set of computed ${E_g}^{\prime}$ and COD' values, an experimental sample set using measured ${E_g}$ and COD values, and robust statistical methods. RESULTS The overall linear regression model and the carbohydrate, protein, and fat regression models accurately converted between COD and ${E_g}$, and the component models had smaller error. Because the ratios of COD per gram dry weight were greatest for fats and smallest for carbohydrates, foods with a high fat content also had higher ${E_g}$ values in terms of kcal · g dry weight-1. CONCLUSION Our models make it possible to analyze human and microbial energetic processes in concert using a single unit of measure, which fills an important need in the food-nutrition-metabolism-microbiome field. In addition, measuring COD and using the regressions to calculate ${E_g}$ can be used instead of measuring ${E_g}$ directly using bomb calorimetry, which saves time and money.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor L Davis
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Blake Dirks
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Elvis A Carnero
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Karen D Corbin
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Jonathon Krakoff
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Shannon Parrington
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Donghun Lee
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Steven R Smith
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Andrew K Marcus
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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