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Nobs SP, Tuganbaev T, Elinav E. Microbiome diurnal rhythmicity and its impact on host physiology and disease risk. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:embr.201847129. [PMID: 30877136 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201847129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-microbiome interactions constitute key determinants of host physiology, while their dysregulation is implicated in a wide range of human diseases. The microbiome undergoes diurnal variation in composition and function, and this in turn drives oscillations in host gene expression and functions. In this review, we discuss the newest developments in understanding circadian host-microbiome interplays, and how they may be relevant in health and disease contexts. We summarize the molecular mechanisms by which the microbiome influences host function in a diurnal manner, and inversely describe how the host orchestrates circadian rhythmicity of the microbiome. Furthermore, we highlight the future perspectives and challenges in studying this new and exciting facet of host-microbiome interactions. Finally, we illustrate how the elucidation of the microbiome chronobiology may pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timur Tuganbaev
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Elinav
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel .,Cancer-Microbiome Division, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Kannan NN, Mukherjee N, Sharma VK. Robustness of circadian timing systems evolves in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as a correlated response to selection for adult emergence in a narrow window of time. Chronobiol Int 2012; 29:1312-28. [PMID: 23130824 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2012.728550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Robustness is a fundamental property of biological timing systems that is likely to ensure their efficient functioning under a wide range of environmental conditions. Here we report the findings of our study aimed at examining robustness of circadian clocks in fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster populations selected to emerge as adults within a narrow window of time. Previously, we have reported that such flies display enhanced synchrony, accuracy, and precision in their adult emergence and activity/rest rhythms. Since it is expected that accurate and precise circadian clocks may confer enhanced stability in circadian time-keeping, we decided to examine robustness in circadian rhythms of flies from the selected populations by subjecting them to a variety of environmental conditions comprising of a range of photoperiods, light intensities, ambient temperatures, and constant darkness. The results revealed that adult emergence and activity/rest rhythms of flies from the selected stocks were more robust than controls, as they displayed enhanced stability under a wide variety of environmental conditions. These results suggest that selection for adult emergence within a narrow window of time results in the evolution of robustness in circadian timing systems of the fruit fly D. melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha N Kannan
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Evolutionary and Organismal Biology Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
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Thommen Q, Pfeuty B, Morant PE, Corellou F, Bouget FY, Lefranc M. Robustness of circadian clocks to daylight fluctuations: hints from the picoeucaryote Ostreococcus tauri. PLoS Comput Biol 2010; 6:e1000990. [PMID: 21085637 PMCID: PMC2978692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of systemic approaches in biology has put emphasis on identifying genetic modules whose behavior can be modeled accurately so as to gain insight into their structure and function. However, most gene circuits in a cell are under control of external signals and thus, quantitative agreement between experimental data and a mathematical model is difficult. Circadian biology has been one notable exception: quantitative models of the internal clock that orchestrates biological processes over the 24-hour diurnal cycle have been constructed for a few organisms, from cyanobacteria to plants and mammals. In most cases, a complex architecture with interlocked feedback loops has been evidenced. Here we present the first modeling results for the circadian clock of the green unicellular alga Ostreococcus tauri. Two plant-like clock genes have been shown to play a central role in the Ostreococcus clock. We find that their expression time profiles can be accurately reproduced by a minimal model of a two-gene transcriptional feedback loop. Remarkably, best adjustment of data recorded under light/dark alternation is obtained when assuming that the oscillator is not coupled to the diurnal cycle. This suggests that coupling to light is confined to specific time intervals and has no dynamical effect when the oscillator is entrained by the diurnal cycle. This intringuing property may reflect a strategy to minimize the impact of fluctuations in daylight intensity on the core circadian oscillator, a type of perturbation that has been rarely considered when assessing the robustness of circadian clocks. Circadian clocks keep time of day in many living organisms, allowing them to anticipate environmental changes induced by day/night alternation. They consist of networks of genes and proteins interacting so as to generate biochemical oscillations with a period close to 24 hours. Circadian clocks synchronize to the day/night cycle through the year principally by sensing ambient light. Depending on the weather, the perceived light intensity can display large fluctuations within the day and from day to day, potentially inducing unwanted resetting of the clock. Furthermore, marine organisms such as microalgae are subjected to dramatic changes in light intensities in the water column due to streams and wind. We showed, using mathematical modelling, that the green unicellular marine alga Ostreococcus tauri has evolved a simple but effective strategy to shield the circadian clock from daylight fluctuations by localizing coupling to the light during specific time intervals. In our model, as in experiments, coupling is invisible when the clock is in phase with the day/night cycle but resets the clock when it is out of phase. Such a clock architecture is immune to strong daylight fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Thommen
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes, et Molécules, UFR de Physique, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8523, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, USR 3078, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Benjamin Pfeuty
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes, et Molécules, UFR de Physique, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8523, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, USR 3078, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Morant
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes, et Molécules, UFR de Physique, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8523, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, USR 3078, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Florence Corellou
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique, Université Pierre and Marie Curie Paris 06, Banyuls/Mer, France
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Banyuls/Mer, France
| | - François-Yves Bouget
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique, Université Pierre and Marie Curie Paris 06, Banyuls/Mer, France
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Banyuls/Mer, France
| | - Marc Lefranc
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes, et Molécules, UFR de Physique, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8523, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, USR 3078, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- * E-mail:
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