1
|
Wegner F, Heinrichs H, Stahlmann K, Molwitz I, Keller-Yamamura S, Kloeckner R, Barkhausen J, Bäuerle T, Cyran CC, Dietzel M, Eisenblätter M, Hilger I, Jung C, Schick F, Kiessling F, Bannas P. Motivation and success factors in radiological research in Germany - results of a survey by the Methodology and Research Working Group of the German Radiological Society. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2024. [PMID: 39053502 DOI: 10.1055/a-2350-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Investigation of motivation and identification of success factors in radiology research in Germany.Using a German online survey (54 questions, period: 3.5 months), demographic aspects, intrinsic and extrinsic success characteristics, as well as personal and organizational success factors were surveyed based on a career success model. The survey results were reported descriptively. The correlations between success factors and success characteristics were examined using linear, binary-logistic, and multinomial regression models.176 people (164 academically active, 10 not academically active) answered the survey. Most participants (80%, 139/174) worked at a university hospital. 32% had privatdozent or professor as their highest academic title (56/173). The researchers' main motivation was intrinsic interest in research (55%, 89/163), followed by a desire to increase their own career opportunities (25%, 41/163). The following were identified as factors for intrinsic success: i) support from department management (estimate=β=0.26, p<0.001), ii) good work-life balance (β=0.37, p<0.001), and iii) the willingness to pursue science even after reaching the career goal (β=0.16, p<0.016). Relevant factors for extrinsic scientific success were mentoring, protected research time, and activities in professional societies.Researchers in German radiology are mainly intrinsically motivated. Factors known from the literature that determine intrinsic and extrinsic scientific success were confirmed in this study. Knowledge of these factors allows targeted systematic support and could thus increase scientific success in German radiology. · Main motivation for German radiology research is intrinsic interest, followed by career opportunities.. · Factors for intrinsic scientific success are good work-life balance and support by department management.. · Factors for extrinsic scientific success are mentoring, activities in professional societies, and protected research time.. · Wegner F, Heinrichs H, Stahlmann K et al. Motivation and success factors in radiological research in Germany - results of a survey by the Methodology and Research Working Group of the German Radiological Society. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2024; DOI 10.1055/a-2350-0023.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franz Wegner
- Institute for Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Helen Heinrichs
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina Stahlmann
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Isabel Molwitz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Roman Kloeckner
- Institute for Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jörg Barkhausen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Institute of Radiology, University Medical Center, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Clemens C Cyran
- Department of Radiology, LMU University Hospital München, München, Germany
| | - Matthias Dietzel
- Institute of Radiology, University Medical Center, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michel Eisenblätter
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital OWL of Bielefeld University Campus Hospital Lippe, Detmold, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hilger
- Experimental Radiology, University Medical Center Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Caroline Jung
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Clinic Nordfriesland, Husum, Germany
| | - Fritz Schick
- Experimental Radiology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Peter Bannas
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Meyer A, Streichert T. Towards equal representation - A bibliometric analysis of authorships in Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Chemistry from the United States, Canada, and Europe (2005-2022). Heliyon 2024; 10:e31411. [PMID: 38826703 PMCID: PMC11141379 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Although diversity has been demonstrated to benefit research groups, women remain underrepresented in most scientific disciplines, including Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Chemistry. In order to promote diversity and equality in scientific communities, understanding the gender distribution of authorship is crucial. Methods This study included a total of 30,268 Web of Science-listed Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine publications from the United States of America, Canada, and the member countries of the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine from 2005 to 2022. In addition to the publication productivity of female and male authors over time, gender-specific publication characteristics and country-specific gender distributions of authorships were examined. Results Overall, publications with female first authors increased by 49 % between 2005 and 2022, averaging 42 % female first authors. Eastern Europe (60 %) and Southern Europe (51 %) had particularly high proportions of female first authors. While female last authorship was the most predictive of female first authorship, with an odds ratio of 2.01 (95 % CI: 1.91-2.12, p < 0.001), only 27 % of last authors were female. Moreover, citation rate was not predictive of female first or last authorship. Conclusion Authorship in Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine is moving towards gender parity. This trend is more pronounced for first authors than for last authors. Further research into the citations of female authors in this discipline could be a starting point for increasing the visibility of women researchers in science. Moreover, geographical differences may provide opportunities for future research on gender parity across disciplines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Meyer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Streichert
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rafiq K, Jordan NR, McNutt JW, Neelo J, Attias N, Boersma D, Palmer MS, Ruesink J, Abrahms B. The value of field research in academia. Science 2024; 384:855-856. [PMID: 38781383 DOI: 10.1126/science.ado6937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Kasim Rafiq
- Centre for Ecosystem Sentinels, Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Botswana Predator Conservation, Wild Entrust, Maun, Botswana
| | - Neil R Jordan
- Botswana Predator Conservation, Wild Entrust, Maun, Botswana
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of BEES, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J Weldon McNutt
- Botswana Predator Conservation, Wild Entrust, Maun, Botswana
| | - John Neelo
- Botswana Predator Conservation, Wild Entrust, Maun, Botswana
| | - Nina Attias
- Instituto de Conservação de Animais Silvestres. Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Dee Boersma
- Centre for Ecosystem Sentinels, Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Ruesink
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Briana Abrahms
- Centre for Ecosystem Sentinels, Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Botswana Predator Conservation, Wild Entrust, Maun, Botswana
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Boehm JS, Jacks T. Radical Collaboration: Reimagining Cancer Team Science. Cancer Discov 2024; 14:563-568. [PMID: 38571417 PMCID: PMC10996438 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-1496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
SUMMARY Here, we define a future of cancer team science adopting "radical collaboration"-in which six "Hallmarks of Cancer Collaboration" are utilized to propel cancer teams to reach new levels of productivity and impact in the modern era. This commentary establishes a playbook for cancer team science that can be readily adopted by others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse S. Boehm
- Break Through Cancer, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Tyler Jacks
- Break Through Cancer, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Eldridge L, Garton EM, Duncan K, Gopal S. Authorship of Publications Supported by NCI-Funded Grants Involving Low- and Middle-Income Countries. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e243215. [PMID: 38551565 PMCID: PMC10980966 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.3215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Scientific publication is an important tool for knowledge dissemination and career advancement, but authors affiliated with institutions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are historically underrepresented on publications. Objective To assess the country income level distribution of author affiliations for publications resulting from National Cancer Institute (NCI)-supported extramural grants between 2015 and 2019, with international collaborating institutions exclusively in 1 or more LMICs. Design and Setting This cross-sectional study assessed authorship on publications resulting from NCI-funded grants between October 1, 2015, and September 30, 2019. Grants with collaborators in LMICs were identified in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Query/View/Report and linked to publications using Dimensions for NIH, published between 2011 and 2020. Statistical analysis was performed from May 2021 to July 2022. Main Outcomes and Measures Author institutional affiliation was used to classify author country and related income level as defined by the World Bank. Relative citation ratio and Altmetric data from Dimensions for NIH were used to compare citation impact measures using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results In this cross-sectional study, 159 grants were awarded to US institutions with collaborators in LMICs, and 5 grants were awarded directly to foreign institutions. These 164 grants resulted in 2428 publications, of which 1242 (51%) did not include any authors affiliated with an institution in an LMIC. In addition, 1884 (78%) and 2009 (83%) publications had a first or last author, respectively, affiliated with a high-income country (HIC). Publications with HIC-affiliated last authors also demonstrated greater citation impact compared with publications with LMIC-affiliated last authors as measured by relative citation ratios and Altmetric Attention Scores; publications with HIC-affiliated first authors also had higher Altmetric Attention Scores. Conclusions and Relevance This cross-sectional study suggests that LMIC-affiliated authors were underrepresented on publications resulting from NCI-funded grants involving LMICs. It is critical to promote equitable scientific participation by LMIC institutions in cancer research, including through current and planned programs led by the NCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linsey Eldridge
- Center for Global Health, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Elise M. Garton
- Center for Global Health, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Kalina Duncan
- Center for Global Health, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Satish Gopal
- Center for Global Health, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Woitowich NC, Hengel SR, Solis C, Vilgalys TP, Babdor J, Tyrrell DJ. Analysis of NIH K99/R00 awards and the career progression of awardees. eLife 2024; 12:RP88984. [PMID: 38240745 PMCID: PMC10945599 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Many postdoctoral fellows and scholars who hope to secure tenure-track faculty positions in the United States apply to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for a Pathway to Independence Award. This award has two phases (K99 and R00) and provides funding for up to 5 years. Using NIH data for the period 2006-2022, we report that ~230 K99 awards were made every year, representing up to ~$250 million annual investment. About 40% of K99 awardees were women and ~89% of K99 awardees went on to receive an R00 award annually. Institutions with the most NIH funding produced the most recipients of K99 awards and recruited the most recipients of R00 awards. The time between a researcher starting an R00 award and receiving a major NIH award (such as an R01) ranged between 4.6 and 7.4 years, and was significantly longer for women, for those who remained at their home institution, and for those hired by an institution that was not one of the 25 institutions with the most NIH funding. Shockingly, there has yet to be a K99 awardee at a historically Black college or university. We go on to show how K99 awardees flow to faculty positions, and to identify various factors that influence the future success of individual researchers and, therefore, also influence the composition of biomedical faculty at universities in the United States.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Woitowich
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Sarah R Hengel
- Department of Biology, Tufts UniversityMedfordUnited States
| | - Christopher Solis
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, Florida State UniversityTallahasseeUnited States
| | - Tauras P Vilgalys
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Joel Babdor
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Daniel J Tyrrell
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Woitowich NC, Hengel SR, Solis C, Vilgalys TP, Babdor J, Tyrrell DJ. Analysis of NIH K99/R00 Awards and the Career Progression of Awardees. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.26.525751. [PMID: 37162873 PMCID: PMC10168267 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.26.525751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Many postdoctoral fellows and scholars who hope to secure tenure-track faculty positions in the United States apply to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for a Pathway to Independence Award. This award has two phases (K99 and R00) and provides funding for up to five years. Using NIH data for the period 2006-2022, we report that ~230 K99 awards were made every year, representing up to ~$250 million annual investment. About 40% of K99 awardees were women and ~89% of K99 awardees went on to receive an R00 award annually. Institutions with the most NIH funding produced the most recipients of K99 awards and recruited the most recipients of R00 awards. The time between a researcher starting an R00 award and receiving a major NIH award (such as an R01) ranged between 4.6 and 7.4 years, and was significantly longer for women, for those who remained at their home institution, and for those hired by an institution that was not one of the 25 institutions with the most NIH funding. Shockingly, there has yet to be a K99 awardee at a historically Black college or university. We go on to show how K99 awardees flow to faculty positions, and to identify various factors that influence the future success of individual researchers and, therefore, also influence the composition of biomedical faculty at universities in the US.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Woitowich
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarah R Hengel
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Christopher Solis
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Tauras P Vilgalys
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joel Babdor
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Tyrrell
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mavedatnia D, Yi G, Wener E, Davidson J, Chan Y, Graham ME. Gender Differences in North American and International Otolaryngology Clinical Practice Guideline Authorship: A 17-Year Analysis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2023; 132:1669-1678. [PMID: 37334913 PMCID: PMC10571373 DOI: 10.1177/00034894231181752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze gender differences in authorship of North American (Canadian and American) and international published otolaryngology-head and neck surgery (OHNS) clinical practice guidelines (CPG) over a 17-year period. METHODS Clinical practice guidelines published between 2005 and 2022 were identified through the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technology in Health (CADTH) search strategy in MEDLINE and EMBASE. Studies were included if they were original studies, published in the English language, and encompassed Canadian, American, or international OHNS clinical practice guidelines. RESULTS A total of 145 guidelines were identified, encompassing 661 female authors (27.4%) and 1756 male authors (72.7%). Among OHNS authors, women and men accounted for 21.2% and 78.8% of authors, respectively. Women who were involved in guideline authorship were 31.0% less likely to be an otolaryngologist compared to men. There were no gender differences across first or senior author and by subspeciality. Female otolaryngologist representation was the greatest in rhinology (28.3%) and pediatrics (26.7%). American guidelines had the greatest proportion of female authors per guideline (34.1%) and the greatest number of unique female authors (33.2%). CONCLUSION Despite the increasing representation of women in OHNS, gender gaps exist with regards to authorship within clinical practice guidelines. Greater gender diversity and transparency is required within guideline authorship to help achieve equitable gender representation and the development of balanced guidelines with a variety of viewpoints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Grace Yi
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emily Wener
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jacob Davidson
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital at London Health Sciences Center, Schulich School of Medicine, London, ON, Canada
| | - Yvonne Chan
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M. Elise Graham
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Children’s Hospital at London Health Sciences Center, Schulich School of Medicine, London, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lu J, Velten B, Klaus B, Ramm M, Huber W, Coulthard-Graf R. The changing career paths of PhDs and postdocs trained at EMBL. eLife 2023; 12:e78706. [PMID: 37994719 PMCID: PMC10666930 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with PhDs and postdoctoral experience in the life sciences can pursue a variety of career paths. Many PhD students and postdocs aspire to a permanent research position at a university or research institute, but competition for such positions has increased. Here, we report a time-resolved analysis of the career paths of 2284 researchers who completed a PhD or a postdoc at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) between 1997 and 2020. The most prevalent career outcome was Academia: Principal Investigator (636/2284=27.8% of alumni), followed by Academia: Other (16.8%), Science-related Non-research (15.3%), Industry Research (14.5%), Academia: Postdoc (10.7%) and Non-science-related (4%); we were unable to determine the career path of the remaining 10.9% of alumni. While positions in Academia (Principal Investigator, Postdoc and Other) remained the most common destination for more recent alumni, entry into Science-related Non-research, Industry Research and Non-science-related positions has increased over time, and entry into Academia: Principal Investigator positions has decreased. Our analysis also reveals information on a number of factors - including publication records - that correlate with the career paths followed by researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Lu
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology LaboratoryHeidelbergGermany
| | - Britta Velten
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology LaboratoryHeidelbergGermany
| | - Bernd Klaus
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology LaboratoryHeidelbergGermany
| | - Mauricio Ramm
- EMBL International Centre for Advanced Training, European Molecular Biology LaboratoryHeidelbergGermany
| | - Wolfgang Huber
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology LaboratoryHeidelbergGermany
| | - Rachel Coulthard-Graf
- EMBL International Centre for Advanced Training, European Molecular Biology LaboratoryHeidelbergGermany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Identification of potential young talented individuals in the natural and life sciences: A bibliometric approach. J Informetr 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joi.2023.101394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
|
11
|
Korbmacher M, Azevedo F, Pennington CR, Hartmann H, Pownall M, Schmidt K, Elsherif M, Breznau N, Robertson O, Kalandadze T, Yu S, Baker BJ, O'Mahony A, Olsnes JØS, Shaw JJ, Gjoneska B, Yamada Y, Röer JP, Murphy J, Alzahawi S, Grinschgl S, Oliveira CM, Wingen T, Yeung SK, Liu M, König LM, Albayrak-Aydemir N, Lecuona O, Micheli L, Evans T. The replication crisis has led to positive structural, procedural, and community changes. COMMUNICATIONS PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 1:3. [PMID: 39242883 PMCID: PMC11290608 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-023-00003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of large-scale replication projects yielding successful rates substantially lower than expected caused the behavioural, cognitive, and social sciences to experience a so-called 'replication crisis'. In this Perspective, we reframe this 'crisis' through the lens of a credibility revolution, focusing on positive structural, procedural and community-driven changes. Second, we outline a path to expand ongoing advances and improvements. The credibility revolution has been an impetus to several substantive changes which will have a positive, long-term impact on our research environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Korbmacher
- Department of Health and Functioning, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
- NORMENT Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualisation Center, Bergen, Norway
| | - Flavio Azevedo
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Helena Hartmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Nate Breznau
- SOCIUM Research Center on Inequality and Social Policy, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Olly Robertson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tamara Kalandadze
- Department of Education, ICT and Learning, Ostfold University College, Halden, Norway
| | - Shijun Yu
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bradley J Baker
- Department of Sport and Recreation Management, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Jørgen Ø-S Olsnes
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - John J Shaw
- Division of Psychology, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Biljana Gjoneska
- Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Yuki Yamada
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jan P Röer
- Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- Department of Applied Science, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shilaan Alzahawi
- Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, Standford, USA
| | | | | | - Tobias Wingen
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Siu Kit Yeung
- Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura M König
- Faculty of Life Sciences: Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Nihan Albayrak-Aydemir
- Open Psychology Research Centre, Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
- Department of Psychological and Behavioural Science, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Oscar Lecuona
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia Micheli
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Evans
- School of Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, Greenwich, UK
- Institute for Lifecourse Development, University of Greenwich, Greenwich, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mavedatnia D, Payandeh J, Neocleous P, Davidson J, Dzioba A, Strychowsky JE, Graham ME. Gender differences in publication rates at Canadian Society of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery annual meetings: an 11-year analysis. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 52:10. [PMID: 36759903 PMCID: PMC9909880 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-022-00612-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluating gender differences in publication rates after conference presentations is an avenue to assess women's contributions to academic medicine. The objective of this study was to assess gender differences in publication rates, time to publication, and subspeciality of publication of abstracts presented at Canadian otolaryngology conferences over an 11-year period. METHODS Cross-sectional data was obtained from online conference schedules of annual Canadian Society of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery national meetings between 2009 and 2020. A total of 2111 abstract titles were searched in MedLine via PubMed. Gender of the first and senior author, publication status of presented work, and subspeciality of publication were extracted. RESULTS Of 2111 scientific abstracts presented between 2009 and 2020, female first and senior authors accounted for 29.0% and 12.8% of published abstracts, respectively. There was a significant difference in the publication rate of senior authors by gender (p < 0.01). Male senior authors had a 9.70% higher rate of publication compared to female senior authors. Posters with a female first author were 33.0% (OR: 0.67; 95% CI 0.49-0.91) less likely to be published compared to posters with a male first author. Similarly, posters with a female senior author were 34.0% (OR: 0.66; 95% CI 0.45-0.96) less likely to be published. There was a significant difference in discipline of publication by gender of the senior author (p < 0.001). Male senior authors were more likely to supervise projects in otology while female senior authors were more likely to supervise projects in education and pediatrics. The time to publication and impact factor of the journal of publication did not differ by gender. CONCLUSION Gender disparities exist in the publication rates of first and senior authors at Canadian otolaryngology meetings. Female senior authors have significantly lower publication rates compared to their male colleagues and differences exist in publication rates after poster presentations. Investigation of gender gaps in academic medicine, research productivity, and publications is essential for development of a diverse, equitable, and inclusive workforce in otolaryngology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorsa Mavedatnia
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Jennifer Payandeh
- grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Faculty of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada
| | - Penelope Neocleous
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, ON Canada
| | - Jacob Davidson
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, ON Canada ,grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital at London Health Sciences Center, Schulich School of Medicine, London, ON Canada
| | - Agnieszka Dzioba
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children’s Hospital at London Health Sciences Center, Schulich School of Medicine, 800 Commissioners Road E, London, ON N6A 5W9 Canada
| | - Julie E. Strychowsky
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, ON Canada ,grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children’s Hospital at London Health Sciences Center, Schulich School of Medicine, 800 Commissioners Road E, London, ON N6A 5W9 Canada
| | - M. Elise Graham
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, ON Canada ,grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children’s Hospital at London Health Sciences Center, Schulich School of Medicine, 800 Commissioners Road E, London, ON N6A 5W9 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shamsi A, Behboudi E, Barghi M, Heidari H. Trends of women's authorship in an Iranian medical journal from 1999 to 2019. Health Care Women Int 2023; 44:80-91. [PMID: 33085583 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2020.1821377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Author's gender is a potential factor in scientific publications. We evaluated the trends of authorship gender by focusing on women in an Iranian medical journal and followed two aims: A) Mapping gender trends in authorship positions; B) Drawing the patterns among authors. Our results showed that between 1999 and 2019, the role of women as first author was 26.7% and 54.9% (p < 0.05); as last authors 33.3% and 37.3% and as corresponding author 23.3% and 36.7%, respectively. Despite progresses made by women, they were not significantly successful as corresponding and last authors. Further researchers around the world can have similar focus and be useful in making decisions for equality issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emad Behboudi
- Department of Microbiology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Barghi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hadiseh Heidari
- Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xia W, Li T, Li C. A review of scientific impact prediction: tasks, features and methods. Scientometrics 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11192-022-04547-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
15
|
Recognition of knowledge translation practice in Canadian health sciences tenure and promotion: A content analysis of institutional policy documents. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276586. [PMID: 36395114 PMCID: PMC9671374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE There has been growing emphasis on increasing impacts of academic health research by integrating research findings in healthcare. The concept of knowledge translation (KT) has been widely adopted in Canada to guide this work, although lack of recognition in tenure and promotion (T&P) structures have been identified as barrier to researchers undertaking KT. Our objective was to explore how KT is considered in institutional T&P documentation in Canadian academic health sciences. METHODS We conducted content analysis of T&P documents acquired from 19 purposively sampled research-intensive or largest regional Canadian institutions in 2020-2021. We coded text for four components of KT (synthesis, dissemination, exchange, application). We identified clusters of related groups of documents interpreted together within the same institution. We summarized manifest KT content with descriptive statistics and identified latent categories related to how KT is considered in T&P documentation. RESULTS We acquired 89 unique documents from 17 institutions that formed 48 document clusters. Most of the 1057 text segments were categorized as dissemination (n = 851, 81%), which was included in 47 document clusters (98%). 15 document clusters (31%) included all four KT categories, while one (2%) did not have any KT categories identified. We identified two latent categories: primarily implicit recognition of KT; and an overall lack of clarity on KT. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis of T&P documents from primarily research-intensive Canadian universities showed a lack of formal recognition for a comprehensive approach to KT and emphasis on traditional dissemination. We recommend that institutions explicitly and comprehensively consider KT in T&P and align documentation and procedures to reflect these values.
Collapse
|
16
|
Campbell SE, Simberloff D. The Productivity Puzzle in Invasion Science: Declining but Persisting Gender Imbalances in Research Performance. Bioscience 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biac082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
We analyzed 27,234 publications published since the rise of the field of invasion science in 1980 to evaluate the presence of gender differences in research productivity, the extent of collaboration, and the research impact of those differences. Our analysis revealed significantly fewer female than male authored publications, both per capita and as a group, and the underrepresentation of women as first and single authors persists despite improvements in the gender gap. At the current rate of increase, gender parity in first authorship will not be achieved until 2100, and men will continue to constitute the principal voice of first or single authors in invasion science. Women collaborate with fewer coauthors and are cited less frequently than men, on average, which may influence recruitment and retention to more senior academic positions. These gender disparities in this aspect of research performance suggest that, although the gender gap is lessening, women experience barriers in invasion science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Campbell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee Knoxville , Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Daniel Simberloff
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee Knoxville , Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Does early publishing in top journals really predict long-term scientific success in the business field? Scientometrics 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11192-022-04509-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe soaring number of researchers has led to increasingly intense competition in academia. Early identification of scientists’ potential is a practical but difficult issue currently attracting escalating attention. This study takes the business field as an example and explores whether early publishing in top journals is an effective yardstick to recognise scientists who will have better academic performance in their careers. We extract the career records of publication and citations for 1933 business scientists with stable and continuous publication records from the combination of the ORCID and Scopus databases. Through regression analysis and various checks, we find that researchers publishing in top journals early in their careers indeed perform better subsequently compared to peers with similar early career profiles but no top journal publications. Our research sheds light on a new perspective for early identification of potential star scientists, especially in the business field, and justifies encouraging junior researchers to devote themselves to publishing in top-ranked peer-reviewed journals.
Collapse
|
18
|
Ten simple rules for a successful EU Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions Postdoctoral (MSCA) fellowship application. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010371. [PMID: 35980892 PMCID: PMC9387847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
19
|
Roberts SO, Mortenson E. Challenging the White = Neutral Framework in Psychology. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2022; 18:597-606. [PMID: 35981299 DOI: 10.1177/17456916221077117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the United States, White samples are often portrayed as if their racial identities were inconsequential to their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, and research findings derived from White samples are often portrayed as if they were generalizable to all humans. We argue that these and other practices are rooted in a "White = neutral" framework (i.e., the conceptualization of White samples as nonracial). First, we review existing data and present some new data to highlight the scope of the White = neutral framework. Second, we integrate research from across psychological science to argue that the continued use of the White = neutral framework will prevent psychology from becoming a truly objective and inclusive science for at least three reasons: (a) Research with White samples will be valued over research with samples of color, (b) norms that maintain White neutrality will remain unchallenged, and (c) the role of White identity in psychological processes will remain underspecified and underexamined. Third, we provide recommendations for how to move beyond the White = neutral framework in hopes of encouraging all psychological scientists to move toward a White ≠ neutral framework in which all samples are identified for the unique and diverse perspectives that they bring to the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Othello Roberts
- Department of Psychology, Center for Comparative Studies in Race and Ethnicity, Stanford University
| | - Elizabeth Mortenson
- Department of Psychology, Center for Comparative Studies in Race and Ethnicity, Stanford University
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Auelua-Toomey SL, Roberts SO. The Effects of Editorial-Board Diversity on Race Scholars and Their Scholarship: A Field Experiment. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2022; 17:1766-1777. [PMID: 35839092 DOI: 10.1177/17456916211072851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Psychological science is in a unique position to identify and dismantle the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that maintain and increase racial inequality, yet the extent to which psychological science can do so depends on the extent to which race scholarship is supported in psychological science. We theorized that the lack of racial diversity among editors at mainstream journals might obstruct the advancement of race scholarship by signaling to race scholars that their research is not valued by mainstream journals and that they should submit their research elsewhere for publication. Indeed, in a preregistered field experiment with 1,189 psychology Ph.D. students, we found that under all-White editorial boards, race scholars were less likely than non-race scholars (a) to believe that the journal valued racial diversity, research on race, or their own research; (b) to believe that the journal would publish their research; and (c) to be willing to submit their research to the journal for publication. Under racially diverse editorial boards, however, we find no differences between race scholars and non-race scholars. In fact, we found that under diverse editorial boards, compared with under all-White editorial boards, both race scholars and non-race scholars had more positive perceptions of the journal. We argue that racially diverse editorial boards are good for race scholars and their scholarship and for the field more broadly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven O Roberts
- Department of Psychology and Center for Comparative Studies in Race and Ethnicity, Stanford University
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Patt C, Eppig A, Richards MA. Postdocs as Key to Faculty Diversity: A Structured and Collaborative Approach for Research Universities. Front Psychol 2022; 12:759263. [PMID: 35547154 PMCID: PMC9083322 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.759263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 50 years the diversity of higher education faculty in the mathematical, physical, computer, and engineering sciences (MPCES) has advanced very little at 4-year universities in the United States. This is despite laws and policies such as affirmative action, interventions by universities, and enormous financial investment by federal agencies to diversify science, technology, mathematics, and engineering (STEM) career pathways into academia. Data comparing the fraction of underrepresented minority (URM) postdoctoral scholars to the fraction of faculty at these institutions offer a straightforward empirical explanation for this state of affairs. URM postdoc appointments lag significantly behind progress in terms of both undergraduate and Ph.D.-level STEM student populations. Indeed, URM postdoc appointments lag well-behind faculty diversity itself in the MPCES fields, most of which draw their faculty heavily from the postdoctoral ranks, particularly at research-intensive (R1) universities. Thus, a sea-change in how postdocs are recruited, how their careers are developed, and how they are identified as potential faculty is required in order to diversify the nation’s faculty, and particularly the R1 MPCES professoriate. Our research shows that both Ph.D. students and postdocs benefit from intentional structure at various levels of their respective “apprentice” experiences, a factor that we believe has been neglected. Several key structural approaches are highly effective in these regards: (1) A collaborative approach in which leading research universities collectively identify outstanding URM candidates; (2) Faculty engagement in recruiting and supporting these postdocs; (3) Inter-institutional exchange programs to heighten the visibility and broaden the professional experiences of these postdocs; (4) Community-building activities that create a sense of belonging and encourage continuing in academia for each cohort; and (5) Continuing research based on outcomes and new experimental approaches. The California Alliance, consisting of UC Berkeley, UCLA, Caltech, and Stanford, has been engaged in such a program for almost a decade now, with most of the California Alliance URM postdocs now in tenure track positions or on the path toward careers as faculty at research intensive (R1) institutions. If this approach was brought to scale by involving the top 25 or so URM Ph.D.-producing R1 institutions in the MPCES fields, about 40% of the national URM postdoctoral population in these fields could be affected. Although this impact would fall short of bringing URM MPCES faculty ranks up to full representation of the United States population as a whole, it would vastly improve the outlook for URM students and their aspirations to take on leadership roles as scientists and engineers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colette Patt
- Division of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, College of Letters and Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Andrew Eppig
- Office of Equity and Inclusion, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Mark A Richards
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mohlhenrich E, Krpan D. Amateur hour: Improving knowledge diversity in psychological and behavioral science by harnessing contributions from amateurs. NEW IDEAS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.newideapsych.2021.100922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
24
|
Kowalczyk OS, Lautarescu A, Blok E, Dall'Aglio L, Westwood SJ. What senior academics can do to support reproducible and open research: a short, three-step guide. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:116. [PMID: 35317865 PMCID: PMC8938725 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-05999-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasingly, policies are being introduced to reward and recognise open research practices, while the adoption of such practices into research routines is being facilitated by many grassroots initiatives. However, despite this widespread endorsement and support, as well as various efforts led by early career researchers, open research is yet to be widely adopted. For open research to become the norm, initiatives should engage academics from all career stages, particularly senior academics (namely senior lecturers, readers, professors) given their routine involvement in determining the quality of research. Senior academics, however, face unique challenges in implementing policy changes and supporting grassroots initiatives. Given that-like all researchers-senior academics are motivated by self-interest, this paper lays out three feasible steps that senior academics can take to improve the quality and productivity of their research, that also serve to engender open research. These steps include changing (a) hiring criteria, (b) how scholarly outputs are credited, and (c) how we fund and publish in line with open research principles. The guidance we provide is accompanied by material for further reading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia S Kowalczyk
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Lautarescu
- Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Imaging and Medical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Elisabet Blok
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenza Dall'Aglio
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Samuel J Westwood
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Science, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London, W1W 6UW, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Joanis ST, Patil VH. First-author gender differentials in business journal publishing: top journals versus the rest. Scientometrics 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11192-021-04235-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
26
|
Ganapati S, Ritchie TS. Professional development and career-preparedness experiences of STEM Ph.D. students: Gaps and avenues for improvement. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260328. [PMID: 34914698 PMCID: PMC8675721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents the experiences of current science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) Ph.D. students and alumni with respect to professional development opportunities in their Ph.D. training. Specifically, it investigates if and how the Ph.D. training supports graduates to pursue non-academic and non-R&D roles, which have become increasingly common career paths post-graduation. A mixed-methods questionnaire was developed to obtain quantitative and qualitative data regarding the graduate school experiences of current Ph.D. students and recent Ph.D. graduates pursuing diverse career paths. The study investigates the values, needs, and conceptions of professional development from the student perspective, as well as the contributions of peers and mentors in graduate school towards their professional development. Experiences of Ph.D. alumni are used to identify the barriers for transitioning to the first job post-graduation and to provide an assessment of the current professional development opportunities in Ph.D. programs. It is reported that although Ph.D. training allowed alumni to develop a robust skillset that includes research, teaching, and scientific writing; some common barriers associated with obtaining a job post-graduation were lack of awareness about career options, limited or no professional networks outside academia, and a lack of preparation and support for non-academic job transitions. Through analyzing the student perspective on various aspects of professional development, the study identifies gaps and avenues for improvement for professional development in Ph.D. training, including increased awareness of diverse career paths for STEM PhDs, increased networking opportunities for PhD students with sectors outside academia, embedding professional development in the PhD curriculum, and others; so that programs can support students in entering the labor market in a variety of careers that extend beyond academia and traditional R&D jobs, using interventions that resonate with the students and meet their needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Ganapati
- Mitacs Canadian Science Policy Fellow 2020-21, Natural Sciences & Engineering Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Tessy S. Ritchie
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
The Roles of Female Involvement and Risk Aversion in Open Access Publishing Patterns in Vietnamese Social Sciences and Humanities. JOURNAL OF DATA AND INFORMATION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/jdis-2022-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
The open-access (OA) publishing model can help improve researchers’ outreach, thanks to its accessibility and visibility to the public. Therefore, the presentation of female researchers can benefit from the OA publishing model. Despite that, little is known about how gender affects OA practices. Thus, the current study explores the effects of female involvement and risk aversion on OA publishing patterns among Vietnamese social sciences and humanities.
Design/methodology/approach
The study employed Bayesian Mindsponge Framework (BMF) on a dataset of 3,122 Vietnamese social sciences and humanities (SS&H) publications during 2008–2019. The Mindsponge mechanism was specifically used to construct theoretical models, while Bayesian inference was utilized for fitting models.
Findings
The result showed a positive association between female participation and OA publishing probability. However, the positive effect of female involvement on OA publishing probability was negated by the high ratio of female researchers in a publication. OA status was negatively associated with the JIF of the journal in which the publication was published, but the relationship was moderated by the involvement of a female researcher(s). The findings suggested that Vietnamese female researchers might be more likely to publish under the OA model in journals with high JIF for avoiding the risk of public criticism.
Research limitations
The study could only provide evidence on the association between female involvement and OA publishing probability. However, whether to publish under OA terms is often determined by the first or corresponding authors, but not necessarily gender-based.
Practical implications
Systematically coordinated actions are suggested to better support women and promote the OA movement in Vietnam.
Originality/value
The findings show the OA publishing patterns of female researchers in Vietnamese SS&H.
Collapse
|
28
|
Millenaar D, Dillmann M, Fehlmann T, Flohr A, Mehran R, Al-Lamee R, Lauder L, Ukena C, Böhm M, Keller A, Mahfoud F. Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Research: A Scientometric Analysis. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 11:e021522. [PMID: 34632817 PMCID: PMC9075283 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.021522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background We sought to investigate sex-specific differences in authorship of cardiovascular research over the past decade. Methods and Results All 387 463 cardiovascular publications between 2010 and 2019 were retrieved from Web of Science. Articles increased from 19 960 to 29 604 articles per year (P>0.001). The number of articles written by female first authors increased by 76.3% (6434-11 343 articles) and by 35.0% for male first authors (13 526-18 261) (P<0.001). The first author was more likely to be a female author in articles with female last authors. The median impact factor (IF) for articles by female first authors was lower (2.46 [interquartile range, 7 1.11-4.03] versus 2.51 [interquartile range, 1.17-4.10]; P<0.001). Female authorship articles reached the highest IF in North America (average IF, 3.7), with the lowest in Africa (average IF, 1.8). Conclusions Publications in cardiovascular research have increased over the past decade, particularly by female authors. Female researchers are cited less often compared with their male peers. The IF remains lower for articles by female researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Millenaar
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care Medicine Saarland University Hospital Homburg Saar Germany
| | - Markus Dillmann
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics Saarland University Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Tobias Fehlmann
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics Saarland University Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Alexander Flohr
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics Saarland University Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Roxana Mehran
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY
| | - Rasha Al-Lamee
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College London London UK
| | - Lucas Lauder
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care Medicine Saarland University Hospital Homburg Saar Germany
| | - Christian Ukena
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care Medicine Saarland University Hospital Homburg Saar Germany
| | - Michael Böhm
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care Medicine Saarland University Hospital Homburg Saar Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics Saarland University Saarbrücken Germany.,Department for Neurobiology Stanford University Stanford CA
| | - Felix Mahfoud
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care Medicine Saarland University Hospital Homburg Saar Germany.,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Oliveira LDE, Reichert F, Zandonà E, Soletti RC, Staniscuaski F. The 100,000 most influential scientists rank: the underrepresentation of Brazilian women in academia. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20201952. [PMID: 34550208 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120201952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress observed in recent years, women are still underrepresented in science worldwide, especially at top positions. Many factors contribute to women progressively leaving academia at different stages of their career, including motherhood, harassment and conscious and unconscious discrimination. Implicit bias plays a major negative role in recognition, promotions and career advancement of female scientists. Recently, a rank of the most influential scientists in the world was created based on several metrics, including the number of published papers and citations. Here, we analyzed the representation of Brazilian scientists in this rank, focusing on gender. Female Brazilian scientists are greatly underrepresented in the rank (11% in the Top 100,000; 18% in the Top 2%). Possible reasons for this observed scenario are related to the metrics used to rank scientists, which reproduce and amplify the well-known implicit bias in peer-review and citations. Male scientists have more self-citation than female scientists and positions in the rank varied when self-citations were included, suggesting that self-citation by male scientists increases their visibility. Discussions on the repercussions of such ranks are pivotal to avoid deepening the gender gap in science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia DE Oliveira
- Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Prof Hernani Melo, 101, 24210-130 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Reichert
- Escola de Administração, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Washington Luiz, 855, 90010-460 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eugenia Zandonà
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rossana C Soletti
- Centro de Estudos Costeiros, Limnológicos e Marinhos, Campus Litoral Norte, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS 030, Km 11.700, 95590-000 Tramandaí, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Staniscuaski
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
van der Wal JEM, Thorogood R, Horrocks NPC. Collaboration enhances career progression in academic science, especially for female researchers. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20210219. [PMID: 34493075 PMCID: PMC8424303 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Collaboration and diversity are increasingly promoted in science. Yet how collaborations influence academic career progression, and whether this differs by gender, remains largely unknown. Here, we use co-authorship ego networks to quantify collaboration behaviour and career progression of a cohort of contributors to biennial International Society of Behavioral Ecology meetings (1992, 1994, 1996). Among this cohort, women were slower and less likely to become a principal investigator (PI; approximated by having at least three last-author publications) and published fewer papers over fewer years (i.e. had shorter academic careers) than men. After adjusting for publication number, women also had fewer collaborators (lower adjusted network size) and published fewer times with each co-author (lower adjusted tie strength), albeit more often with the same group of collaborators (higher adjusted clustering coefficient). Authors with stronger networks were more likely to become a PI, and those with less clustered networks did so more quickly. Women, however, showed a stronger positive relationship with adjusted network size (increased career length) and adjusted tie strength (increased likelihood to become a PI). Finally, early-career network characteristics correlated with career length. Our results suggest that large and varied collaboration networks are positively correlated with career progression, especially for women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E. M. van der Wal
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, and
- Research Programme in Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Fitzpatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rose Thorogood
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, and
- Research Programme in Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Development of a tool to accurately predict UK REF funding allocation. Scientometrics 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11192-021-04030-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
32
|
Hsu NS, Rezai-Zadeh KP, Tennekoon MS, Korn SJ. Myths and facts about getting an academic faculty position in neuroscience. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/35/eabj2604. [PMID: 34452920 PMCID: PMC8397261 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj2604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke routinely receive questions and statements from trainees and faculty that suggest widespread beliefs about the necessity of a National Institutes of Health K99/R00 award, other prior funding, and/or specific types of publications for obtaining one's first tenure-track position in neuroscience. To address these beliefs, we examined the funding and publication history of a cohort of investigators who began their first academic faculty position between 2009 and 2019, and we interviewed several senior academic leaders with extensive experience in hiring new faculty. Our data show that <11% of newly hired faculty had a K99/R00 award and that neither prior funding nor papers in prestigious journals were necessary to obtain a tenure-track faculty position. Interviews with academic leaders almost uniformly referred to critically important factors that were considered to be more important in the hiring process than funding or publishing in high-profile journals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina S Hsu
- Office of Training and Workforce Development, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Neuroscience Center, Division of Extramural Activities National Institutes of Health (NIH) , 6001 Executive Boulevard Suite 3309, Bethesda, MD 20892-9531
| | - K Paul Rezai-Zadeh
- Office of Training and Workforce Development, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Neuroscience Center, Division of Extramural Activities National Institutes of Health (NIH) , 6001 Executive Boulevard Suite 3309, Bethesda, MD 20892-9531
| | - Michael S Tennekoon
- Office of Training and Workforce Development, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Neuroscience Center, Division of Extramural Activities National Institutes of Health (NIH) , 6001 Executive Boulevard Suite 3309, Bethesda, MD 20892-9531
| | - Stephen J Korn
- Office of Training and Workforce Development, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Neuroscience Center, Division of Extramural Activities National Institutes of Health (NIH) , 6001 Executive Boulevard Suite 3309, Bethesda, MD 20892-9531.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Calaza KC, Erthal FCS, Pereira MG, Macario KCD, Daflon VT, David IPA, Castro HC, Vargas MD, Martins LB, Stariolo JB, Volchan E, de Oliveira L. Facing Racism and Sexism in Science by Fighting Against Social Implicit Bias: A Latina and Black Woman's Perspective. Front Psychol 2021; 12:671481. [PMID: 34335385 PMCID: PMC8322228 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.671481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The editors of several major journals have recently asserted the importance of combating racism and sexism in science. This is especially relevant now, as the COVID-19 pandemic may have led to a widening of the gender and racial/ethnicity gaps. Implicit bias is a crucial component in this fight. Negative stereotypes that are socially constructed in a given culture are frequently associated with implicit bias (which is unconscious or not perceived). In the present article, we point to scientific evidence that shows the presence of implicit bias in the academic community, contributing to strongly damaging unconscious evaluations and judgments of individuals or groups. Additionally, we suggest several actions aimed at (1) editors and reviewers of scientific journals (2) people in positions of power within funding agencies and research institutions, and (3) members of selection committees to mitigate this effect. These recommendations are based on the experience of a group of Latinx American scientists comprising Black and Latina women, teachers, and undergraduate students who participate in women in science working group at universities in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. With this article, we hope to contribute to reflections, actions, and the development of institutional policies that enable and consolidate diversity in science and reduce disparities based on gender and race/ethnicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin C Calaza
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Fátima C S Erthal
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mirtes G Pereira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Kita C D Macario
- Department of Physics, Institute of Physics, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Verônica T Daflon
- Department of Sociology and Methodology of Social Sciences, Institute of Human Sciences and Philosophy, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Isabel P A David
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Helena C Castro
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Maria D Vargas
- Chemistry Institute, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Laura B Martins
- Biomedical Institute, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Jasmin B Stariolo
- Institute of Biology, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Eliane Volchan
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leticia de Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tiokhin L, Yan M, Morgan TJH. Competition for priority harms the reliability of science, but reforms can help. Nat Hum Behav 2021; 5:857-867. [PMID: 33510392 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-020-01040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Incentives for priority of discovery are hypothesized to harm scientific reliability. Here, we evaluate this hypothesis by developing an evolutionary agent-based model of a competitive scientific process. We find that rewarding priority of discovery causes populations to culturally evolve towards conducting research with smaller samples. This reduces research reliability and the information value of the average study. Increased start-up costs for setting up single studies and increased payoffs for secondary results (also known as scoop protection) attenuate the negative effects of competition. Furthermore, large rewards for negative results promote the evolution of smaller sample sizes. Our results confirm the logical coherence of scoop protection reforms at several journals. Our results also imply that reforms to increase scientific efficiency, such as rapid journal turnaround times, may produce collateral damage by incentivizing lower-quality research; in contrast, reforms that increase start-up costs, such as pre-registration and registered reports, may generate incentives for higher-quality research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Tiokhin
- Human-Technology Interaction Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Minhua Yan
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.,Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Thomas J H Morgan
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.,Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Betts MG, Hadley AS, Frey DW, Frey SJK, Gannon D, Harris SH, Kim H, Kormann UG, Leimberger K, Moriarty K, Northrup JM, Phalan B, Rousseau JS, Stokely TD, Valente JJ, Wolf C, Zárrate‐Charry D. When are hypotheses useful in ecology and evolution? Ecol Evol 2021; 11:5762-5776. [PMID: 34141181 PMCID: PMC8207363 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Research hypotheses have been a cornerstone of science since before Galileo. Many have argued that hypotheses (1) encourage discovery of mechanisms, and (2) reduce bias-both features that should increase transferability and reproducibility. However, we are entering a new era of big data and highly predictive models where some argue the hypothesis is outmoded. We hypothesized that hypothesis use has declined in ecology and evolution since the 1990s, given the substantial advancement of tools further facilitating descriptive, correlative research. Alternatively, hypothesis use may have become more frequent due to the strong recommendation by some journals and funding agencies that submissions have hypothesis statements. Using a detailed literature analysis (N = 268 articles), we found prevalence of hypotheses in eco-evo research is very low (6.7%-26%) and static from 1990-2015, a pattern mirrored in an extensive literature search (N = 302,558 articles). Our literature review also indicates that neither grant success nor citation rates were related to the inclusion of hypotheses, which may provide disincentive for hypothesis formulation. Here, we review common justifications for avoiding hypotheses and present new arguments based on benefits to the individual researcher. We argue that stating multiple alternative hypotheses increases research clarity and precision, and is more likely to address the mechanisms for observed patterns in nature. Although hypotheses are not always necessary, we expect their continued and increased use will help our fields move toward greater understanding, reproducibility, prediction, and effective conservation of nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Betts
- Forest Biodiversity Research NetworkDepartment of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Adam S. Hadley
- Forest Biodiversity Research NetworkDepartment of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - David W. Frey
- Forest Biodiversity Research NetworkDepartment of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Sarah J. K. Frey
- Forest Biodiversity Research NetworkDepartment of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Dusty Gannon
- Forest Biodiversity Research NetworkDepartment of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Scott H. Harris
- Forest Biodiversity Research NetworkDepartment of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Hankyu Kim
- Forest Biodiversity Research NetworkDepartment of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Urs G. Kormann
- Forest Biodiversity Research NetworkDepartment of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Kara Leimberger
- Forest Biodiversity Research NetworkDepartment of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Katie Moriarty
- USDA Forest ServicePacific Northwest Research StationCorvallisORUSA
| | - Joseph M. Northrup
- Forest Biodiversity Research NetworkDepartment of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
- Wildlife Research and Monitoring SectionOntario Ministry of Natural Resources and ForestryEnvironmental and Life Sciences Graduate ProgramTrent UniversityPeterboroughONCanada
| | - Ben Phalan
- Forest Biodiversity Research NetworkDepartment of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Josée S. Rousseau
- Forest Biodiversity Research NetworkDepartment of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Thomas D. Stokely
- Forest Biodiversity Research NetworkDepartment of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Jonathon J. Valente
- Forest Biodiversity Research NetworkDepartment of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Chris Wolf
- Forest Biodiversity Research NetworkDepartment of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Diego Zárrate‐Charry
- Forest Biodiversity Research NetworkDepartment of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Akella AP, Alhoori H, Kondamudi PR, Freeman C, Zhou H. Early indicators of scientific impact: Predicting citations with altmetrics. J Informetr 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joi.2020.101128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
37
|
Abstract
Humans learn about the world by collectively acquiring information, filtering it, and sharing what we know. Misinformation undermines this process. The repercussions are extensive. Without reliable and accurate sources of information, we cannot hope to halt climate change, make reasoned democratic decisions, or control a global pandemic. Most analyses of misinformation focus on popular and social media, but the scientific enterprise faces a parallel set of problems-from hype and hyperbole to publication bias and citation misdirection, predatory publishing, and filter bubbles. In this perspective, we highlight these parallels and discuss future research directions and interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jevin D West
- Information School, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Carl T Bergstrom
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Shansky RM, Murphy AZ. Considering sex as a biological variable will require a global shift in science culture. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:457-464. [PMID: 33649507 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00806-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
For over half a century, male rodents have been the default model organism in preclinical neuroscience research, a convention that has likely contributed to higher rates of misdiagnosis and adverse side effects from drug treatment in women. Studying both sexes could help to rectify these public health problems, but incentive structures in publishing and career advancement deter many researchers from doing so. Moreover, funding agency directives to include male and female animals and human participants in grant proposals lack mechanisms to hold recipients accountable. In this Perspective, we highlight areas of behavioral, cellular and systems neuroscience in which fundamental sex differences have been identified, demonstrating that truly rigorous science must include males and females. We call for a cultural and structural change in how we conduct research and evaluate scientific progress, realigning our professional reward systems and experimental standards to produce a more equitable, representative and therefore translational body of knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Z Murphy
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Teixeira da Silva JA. Multiple co-first authors, co-corresponding authors and co-supervisors: a synthesis of shared authorship credit. ONLINE INFORMATION REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/oir-06-2020-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeAuthorship is the ultimate status of intellectual recognition in academic publishing. Although fairly robust guidelines have already been in place for a considerable amount of time regarding authorship criteria and credit, such as those by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors or Contributor Roles Taxonomy, the lack of reliable verification techniques hamper their accuracy, thereby reducing the validity of authorship claims in such statements. This paper aims to focus on the authorship status and responsibilities of co-first authors and co-corresponding authors.Design/methodology/approachTo appreciate authorship responsibilities in this subset of authors, the broader academic authorship literature, as well as position statements, rules and guidelines, were consulted.FindingsAcademic publishing that relies on metrics is a global multi-billion-dollar business, so strict measures to assess and confirm authorship, which can be intellectually or financially “profitable” among academics that game such metrics, are needed. The current assessment is that there are inconsistent rules for equally credited authors such as co-first authors, co-corresponding authors and co-supervisors. In shared and collaborative authorship, there are also shared authorship-related responsibilities, but these are infrequently discussed, or tend to only be dealt with broadly.Originality/valueWithin the wider, and important, discussion about authorship, which is one of the most central issues in academic publishing, there has been a limited focus on equally credited authors such as co-first authors, co-corresponding authors and co-supervisors. This paper expands and fortifies that discussion.
Collapse
|
40
|
Liskiewicz T, Liskiewicz G, Paczesny J. Factors affecting the citations of papers in tribology journals. Scientometrics 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11192-021-03870-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe citations count is flawed but it still the most common way of measuring the academic impact used by scholarly journals (Impact Factor), individual researchers (h-index) and funding agencies (a proxy for quality of research). Individual papers should attract citations depending upon the importance and usefulness of the results presented. However, large enough data sets reveal that there are parameters independent of individual papers' quality that can determine an average citation rate. Here, we examine papers (4756 in total) published in six selected tribology journals in a six-year window between January 2010 and December 2015. Citations were retrieved from the Web of Science and compared with their (1) manuscript length, (2) number of authors, (3) number of affiliated institutions, (4) number of international co-authors, (5) number of cited references, (6) number of words in the title, and (7) mode of publication (open versus paid access). The results revealed that citations received by papers published in tribology journals are affected by all of these parameters. This is a significant finding for authors wishing to increase the impact of their research. This knowledge can be used effectively at the manuscript planning and writing stages to support scientific merit. We suggest that the significance of parameters not directly related to the quality of a scholarly paper will become more critical with the rise of alternative ways of measuring impact including novel generation of paper metrics (e.g., Eigenfactor, SJR), social mentions, and viral outreach.
Collapse
|
41
|
Tiokhin L, Panchanathan K, Lakens D, Vazire S, Morgan T, Zollman K. Honest signaling in academic publishing. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246675. [PMID: 33621261 PMCID: PMC7901761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Academic journals provide a key quality-control mechanism in science. Yet, information asymmetries and conflicts of interests incentivize scientists to deceive journals about the quality of their research. How can honesty be ensured, despite incentives for deception? Here, we address this question by applying the theory of honest signaling to the publication process. Our models demonstrate that several mechanisms can ensure honest journal submission, including differential benefits, differential costs, and costs to resubmitting rejected papers. Without submission costs, scientists benefit from submitting all papers to high-ranking journals, unless papers can only be submitted a limited number of times. Counterintuitively, our analysis implies that inefficiencies in academic publishing (e.g., arbitrary formatting requirements, long review times) can serve a function by disincentivizing scientists from submitting low-quality work to high-ranking journals. Our models provide simple, powerful tools for understanding how to promote honest paper submission in academic publishing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Tiokhin
- Department of Industrial Engineering & Innovation Sciences, Human Technology Interaction Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Karthik Panchanathan
- Department of Anthropology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Daniel Lakens
- Department of Industrial Engineering & Innovation Sciences, Human Technology Interaction Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Simine Vazire
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Morgan
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
- Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Kevin Zollman
- Department of Philosophy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Willis LM, Mehta D, Davis A. Twelve Principles Trainees, PIs, Departments, and Faculties Can Use to Reduce Bias and Discrimination in STEM. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:2294-2300. [PMID: 33376790 PMCID: PMC7760482 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There is an overwhelming amount of evidence demonstrating that people from marginalized groups, including women, racialized and Indigenous peoples, people with disabilities, immigrants, and LGBTQ+ individuals, continue to face substantial discrimination in STEM, manifested as both overt bias and unconscious bias. These biases result in discrimination against individuals in marginalized groups, and independent biases collectively contribute to a culture that systematically discriminates against people from marginalized groups. Representation from marginalized groups in postsecondary degrees in natural science and engineering has not substantially improved in over a decade. A set of 10 concrete principles are presented that trainees, principle investigators, departments, and faculties can use to enhance the participation and lived experiences of people in marginalized groups in STEM.
Collapse
|
43
|
Käsmann L, Schröder A, Frey B, Fleischmann DF, Gauer T, Ebert N, Hecht M, Krug D, Niyazi M, Mäurer M. Peer review analysis in the field of radiation oncology: results from a web-based survey of the Young DEGRO working group. Strahlenther Onkol 2020; 197:667-673. [PMID: 33337507 PMCID: PMC8292256 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-020-01729-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the reviewing behaviour in the German-speaking countries in order to provide recommendations to increase the attractiveness of reviewing activity in the field of radiation oncology. Methods In November 2019, a survey was conducted by the Young DEGRO working group (jDEGRO) using the online platform “eSurveyCreator”. The questionnaire consisted of 29 items examining a broad range of factors that influence reviewing motivation and performance. Results A total of 281 responses were received. Of these, 154 (55%) were completed and included in the evaluation. The most important factors for journal selection criteria and peer review performance in the field of radiation oncology are the scientific background of the manuscript (85%), reputation of the journal (59%) and a high impact factor (IF; 40%). Reasons for declining an invitation to review include the scientific background of the article (60%), assumed effort (55%) and a low IF (27%). A double-blind review process is preferred by 70% of respondents to a single-blind (16%) or an open review process (14%). If compensation was offered, 59% of participants would review articles more often. Only 12% of the participants have received compensation for their reviewing activities so far. As compensation for the effort of reviewing, 55% of the respondents would prefer free access to the journal’s articles, 45% a discount for their own manuscripts, 40% reduced congress fees and 39% compensation for expenses. Conclusion The scientific content of the manuscript, reputation of the journal and a high IF determine the attractiveness for peer reviewing in the field of radiation oncology. The majority of participants prefer a double-blind peer review process and would conduct more reviews if compensation was available. Free access to journal articles, discounts for publication costs or congress fees, or an expense allowance were identified to increase attractiveness of the review process. Supplementary Information The online version of this article (10.1007/s00066-020-01729-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Käsmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, LMU University Hospital, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Annemarie Schröder
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel F Fleischmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, LMU University Hospital, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Gauer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nadja Ebert
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus Hecht
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Krug
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Maximilian Niyazi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, LMU University Hospital, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Mäurer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Delbianco F, Fioriti A, Hernandez-Chanto A, Tohmé F. A Markov-switching approach to the study of citations in academic journals. J Informetr 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joi.2020.101081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
45
|
Ajayi TB, Remein CD, Stafford RS, Fagerlin A, Chung MK, Childs E, Benjamin EJ. Cross-Center Virtual Education Fellowship Program for Early-Career Researchers in Atrial Fibrillation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2020; 13:e008552. [PMID: 33031707 DOI: 10.1161/circep.120.008552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is estimated that over 46 million individuals have atrial fibrillation (AF) worldwide, and the incidence and prevalence of AF are increasing globally. There is an urgent need to accelerate the academic development of scientists possessing the skills to conduct innovative, collaborative AF research. METHODS We designed and implemented a virtual AF Strategically Focused Research Network Cross-Center Fellowship program to enhance the competencies of early-stage AF basic, clinical, and population health researchers through experiential education and mentorship. The pedagogical model involves significant cross-center collaboration to produce a curriculum focused on enhancing AF scientific competencies, fostering career/professional development, and cultivating grant writing skills. Outcomes for success involve clear expectations for fellows to produce manuscripts, presentations, and-for those at the appropriate career stage-grant applications. We evaluated the effectiveness of the fellowship model via mixed methods formative and summative surveys. RESULTS In 2 years of the fellowship, fellows generally achieved the productivity metrics sought by our pedagogical model, with outcomes for the 12 fellows including 50 AF-related manuscripts, 7 publications, 28 presentations, and 3 grant awards applications. Participant evaluations reported that the fellowship effectively met its educational objectives. All fellows reported medium to high satisfaction with the overall fellowship, webinar content and facilitation, staff communication and support, and program organization. CONCLUSIONS The fellowship model represents an innovative educational strategy by providing a virtual AF training and mentoring curriculum for early-career basic, clinical, and population health scientists working across multiple institutions, which is particularly valuable in the pandemic era.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tinuola B Ajayi
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (T.B.A., C.D.R., E.J.B.)
| | - Christy D Remein
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (T.B.A., C.D.R., E.J.B.)
| | - Randall S Stafford
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (R.S.S.)
| | - Angela Fagerlin
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City (A.F.)
| | - Mina K Chung
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (M.K.C.)
| | - Ellen Childs
- Department of Health Law, Policy & Management (E.C.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (T.B.A., C.D.R., E.J.B.).,Department of Epidemiology (E.J.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Replicability in psychological research: a reflection. INTERACCIONES: REVISTA DE AVANCES EN PSICOLOGÍA 2020. [DOI: 10.24016/2020.v6n3.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In recent years, psychological science has suffered a crisis of confidence that has been marked by the low rate of replicability demonstrated in collaborative projects that attempted to quantify this problem, evidencing the difficulty in making replications and the existence of a possible excess of false positives published in the scientific literature. Method: This opinion article aimed to review the panorama of the replicability crisis in psychology, as well as its possible causes. Conclusions: It began from the state of the replicability crisis, then some possible causes and their repercussions on the advancement of psychological science were highlighted, discussing various associated issues, such as individual biases on the part of researchers, the lack of incentives to replicability studies and the priority standards that journals would currently have for novel and positive studies. Finally, the existing alternatives to reverse this situation are mentioned, among them the opening to new statistical approaches, the restructuring of incentives, and the development of editorial policies that facilitate the means for replication.
Collapse
|
47
|
Fernandes JD, Sarabipour S, Smith CT, Niemi NM, Jadavji NM, Kozik AJ, Holehouse AS, Pejaver V, Symmons O, Bisson Filho AW, Haage A. A survey-based analysis of the academic job market. eLife 2020; 9:e54097. [PMID: 32530420 PMCID: PMC7360372 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many postdoctoral researchers apply for faculty positions knowing relatively little about the hiring process or what is needed to secure a job offer. To address this lack of knowledge about the hiring process we conducted a survey of applicants for faculty positions: the survey ran between May 2018 and May 2019, and received 317 responses. We analyzed the responses to explore the interplay between various scholarly metrics and hiring outcomes. We concluded that, above a certain threshold, the benchmarks traditionally used to measure research success - including funding, number of publications or journals published in - were unable to completely differentiate applicants with and without job offers. Respondents also reported that the hiring process was unnecessarily stressful, time-consuming, and lacking in feedback, irrespective of outcome. Our findings suggest that there is considerable scope to improve the transparency of the hiring process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Fernandes
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa CruzSanta CruzUnited States
| | - Sarvenaz Sarabipour
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Christopher T Smith
- Office of Postdoctoral Affairs, North Carolina State University Graduate SchoolRaleighUnited States
| | - Natalie M Niemi
- Morgridge Institute for ResearchMadisonUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Nafisa M Jadavji
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Midwestern UniversityGlendaleUnited States
| | - Ariangela J Kozik
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Alex S Holehouse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Vikas Pejaver
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
- The eScience Institute, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Orsolya Symmons
- Department of Bioengineering, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Alexandre W Bisson Filho
- Department of Biology, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
- Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | - Amanda Haage
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North DakotaGrand ForksUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Beltran RS, Marnocha E, Race A, Croll DA, Dayton GH, Zavaleta ES. Field courses narrow demographic achievement gaps in ecology and evolutionary biology. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:5184-5196. [PMID: 32607142 PMCID: PMC7319162 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Disparities remain in the representation of marginalized students in STEM. Classroom-based experiential learning opportunities can increase student confidence and academic success; however, the effectiveness of extending learning to outdoor settings is unknown. Our objectives were to examine (a) demographic gaps in ecology and evolutionary biology (EEB) major completion, college graduation, and GPAs for students who did and did not enroll in field courses, (b) whether under-represented demographic groups were less likely to enroll in field courses, and (c) whether under-represented demographic groups were more likely to feel increased competency in science-related tasks (hereafter, self-efficacy) after participating in field courses. We compared the relationships among academic success measures and demographic data (race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, first-generation, and gender) for UC Santa Cruz undergraduate students admitted between 2008 and 2019 who participated in field courses (N = 941 students) and who did not (N = 28,215 students). Additionally, we administered longitudinal surveys to evaluate self-efficacy gains during field-based versus classroom-based courses (N = 570 students). We found no differences in the proportion of students matriculating at the university as undecided, proposed EEB, or proposed other majors across demographic groups. However, five years later, under-represented students were significantly less likely to graduate with EEB degrees, indicating retention rather than recruitment drives disparities in representation. This retention gap is partly due to a lower rate of college completion and partly through attrition to other majors. Although under-represented students were less likely to enroll in field courses, field courses were associated with higher self-efficacy gains, higher college graduation rates, higher EEB major retention, and higher GPAs at graduation. All demographic groups experienced significant increases in self-efficacy during field-based but not lecture-based courses. Together, our findings suggest that increasing the number of field courses and actively facilitating access to students from under-represented groups can be a powerful tool for increasing STEM diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin Marnocha
- Natural Reserve SystemUniversity of CaliforniaOaklandCAUSA
| | | | - Donald A. Croll
- Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCAUSA
| | - Gage H. Dayton
- Natural Reserve SystemUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCAUSA
| | - Erika S. Zavaleta
- Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCAUSA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Paudel PK, Giri B, Dhakal S. Is research in peril in Nepal? Publication trend and research quality from projects funded by the University Grants Commission-Nepal. Account Res 2020; 27:444-456. [PMID: 32396396 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2020.1768374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Institutions of higher learning are critical in promoting a knowledge-driven economy through research and training. Nepali universities receive funding from the University Grants Commission, Nepal (UGC-N) to support for impactful research. UGC-N requires grantees to publish research results as journal articles. We reviewed papers published through UGC-N funded research projects over a 10-year period (2008-2018) to assess the trends of article publication in terms of frequency and quality (based on journal impact factor and SCImago journal ranking). At most, 17% projects (n = 325) had publications and the majority of articles were published in journals that had neither SJR rank (74%, n = 240) nor impact factor (86%, n = 279). Most importantly, 10% of articles (n = 23) published in the non-ranked journals appeared in predatory journals. Although there were increasing trends of grants and research article publications in the last 10 years, journal-level quality metrics showed no improvements and suggested decreasing trends during the last half decade. The publication output varied among grant categories. Master research grants and PhD research grants performed better than those of faculty research grants in terms of publication in quality journals. We call for an increased commitment from political and academic leadership to promote quality research in Nepal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash K Paudel
- Center for Conservation Biology, Kathmandu Institute of Applied Sciences , Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Basant Giri
- Center for Analytical Sciences, Kathmandu Institute of Applied Sciences , Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Fraser N, Momeni F, Mayr P, Peters I. The relationship between bioRxiv preprints, citations and altmetrics. QUANTITATIVE SCIENCE STUDIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1162/qss_a_00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A potential motivation for scientists to deposit their scientific work as preprints is to enhance its citation or social impact. In this study we assessed the citation and altmetric advantage of bioRxiv, a preprint server for the biological sciences. We retrieved metadata of all bioRxiv preprints deposited between November 2013 and December 2017, and matched them to articles that were subsequently published in peer-reviewed journals. Citation data from Scopus and altmetric data from Altmetric.com were used to compare citation and online sharing behavior of bioRxiv preprints, their related journal articles, and nondeposited articles published in the same journals. We found that bioRxiv-deposited journal articles had sizably higher citation and altmetric counts compared to nondeposited articles. Regression analysis reveals that this advantage is not explained by multiple explanatory variables related to the articles’ publication venues and authorship. Further research will be required to establish whether such an effect is causal in nature. bioRxiv preprints themselves are being directly cited in journal articles, regardless of whether the preprint has subsequently been published in a journal. bioRxiv preprints are also shared widely on Twitter and in blogs, but remain relatively scarce in mainstream media and Wikipedia articles, in comparison to peer-reviewed journal articles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Fraser
- ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fakhri Momeni
- GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Mayr
- GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, Cologne, Germany
| | - Isabella Peters
- ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, Kiel, Germany
- Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|