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Laporte MH, Gambarotto D, Bertiaux É, Bournonville L, Louvel V, Nunes JM, Borgers S, Hamel V, Guichard P. Time-series reconstruction of the molecular architecture of human centriole assembly. Cell 2024; 187:2158-2174.e19. [PMID: 38604175 PMCID: PMC11060037 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Centriole biogenesis, as in most organelle assemblies, involves the sequential recruitment of sub-structural elements that will support its function. To uncover this process, we correlated the spatial location of 24 centriolar proteins with structural features using expansion microscopy. A time-series reconstruction of protein distributions throughout human procentriole assembly unveiled the molecular architecture of the centriole biogenesis steps. We found that the process initiates with the formation of a naked cartwheel devoid of microtubules. Next, the bloom phase progresses with microtubule blade assembly, concomitantly with radial separation and rapid cartwheel growth. In the subsequent elongation phase, the tubulin backbone grows linearly with the recruitment of the A-C linker, followed by proteins of the inner scaffold (IS). By following six structural modules, we modeled 4D assembly of the human centriole. Collectively, this work provides a framework to investigate the spatial and temporal assembly of large macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine H Laporte
- University of Geneva, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Davide Gambarotto
- University of Geneva, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Éloïse Bertiaux
- University of Geneva, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lorène Bournonville
- University of Geneva, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Louvel
- University of Geneva, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - José M Nunes
- University of Geneva, Department of Genetic and evolution, Faculty of Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Borgers
- University of Geneva, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Hamel
- University of Geneva, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Paul Guichard
- University of Geneva, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland.
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2
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Weiss LE, Love JF, Yoon J, Comerci CJ, Milenkovic L, Kanie T, Jackson PK, Stearns T, Gustavsson AK. Single-molecule imaging in the primary cilium. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 176:59-83. [PMID: 37164543 PMCID: PMC10509820 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The primary cilium is an important signaling organelle critical for normal development and tissue homeostasis. Its small dimensions and complexity necessitate advanced imaging approaches to uncover the molecular mechanisms behind its function. Here, we outline how single-molecule fluorescence microscopy can be used for tracking molecular dynamics and interactions and for super-resolution imaging of nanoscale structures in the primary cilium. Specifically, we describe in detail how to capture and quantify the 2D dynamics of individual transmembrane proteins PTCH1 and SMO and how to map the 3D nanoscale distributions of the inversin compartment proteins INVS, ANKS6, and NPHP3. This protocol can, with minor modifications, be adapted for studies of other proteins and cell lines to further elucidate the structure and function of the primary cilium at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien E Weiss
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Julia F Love
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Colin J Comerci
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Tomoharu Kanie
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, United States
| | - Peter K Jackson
- Baxter Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Tim Stearns
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Rockefeller University, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Anna-Karin Gustavsson
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States; Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States; Institute of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States; Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.
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3
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Woglar A, Pierron M, Schneider FZ, Jha K, Busso C, Gönczy P. Molecular architecture of the C. elegans centriole. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001784. [PMID: 36107993 PMCID: PMC9531800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncovering organizing principles of organelle assembly is a fundamental pursuit in the life sciences. Caenorhabditis elegans was key in identifying evolutionary conserved components governing assembly of the centriole organelle. However, localizing these components with high precision has been hampered by the minute size of the worm centriole, thus impeding understanding of underlying assembly mechanisms. Here, we used Ultrastructure Expansion coupled with STimulated Emission Depletion (U-Ex-STED) microscopy, as well as electron microscopy (EM) and electron tomography (ET), to decipher the molecular architecture of the worm centriole. Achieving an effective lateral resolution of approximately 14 nm, we localize centriolar and PeriCentriolar Material (PCM) components in a comprehensive manner with utmost spatial precision. We found that all 12 components analysed exhibit a ring-like distribution with distinct diameters and often with a 9-fold radial symmetry. Moreover, we uncovered that the procentriole assembles at a location on the centriole margin where SPD-2 and ZYG-1 also accumulate. Moreover, SAS-6 and SAS-5 were found to be present in the nascent procentriole, with SAS-4 and microtubules recruited thereafter. We registered U-Ex-STED and EM data using the radial array of microtubules, thus allowing us to map each centriolar and PCM protein to a specific ultrastructural compartment. Importantly, we discovered that SAS-6 and SAS-4 exhibit a radial symmetry that is offset relative to microtubules, leading to a chiral centriole ensemble. Furthermore, we established that the centriole is surrounded by a region from which ribosomes are excluded and to which SAS-7 localizes. Overall, our work uncovers the molecular architecture of the C. elegans centriole in unprecedented detail and establishes a comprehensive framework for understanding mechanisms of organelle biogenesis and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Woglar
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie Pierron
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Zacharias Schneider
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Keshav Jha
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Coralie Busso
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Gönczy
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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4
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Aydogan MG, Hankins LE, Steinacker TL, Mofatteh M, Saurya S, Wainman A, Wong SS, Lu X, Zhou FY, Raff JW. Centriole distal-end proteins CP110 and Cep97 influence centriole cartwheel growth at the proximal end. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs260015. [PMID: 35707992 PMCID: PMC9450887 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrioles are composed of a central cartwheel tethered to nine-fold symmetric microtubule (MT) blades. The centriole cartwheel and MTs are thought to grow from opposite ends of these organelles, so it is unclear how they coordinate their assembly. We previously showed that in Drosophila embryos an oscillation of Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) helps to initiate and time the growth of the cartwheel at the proximal end. Here, in the same model, we show that CP110 and Cep97 form a complex close to the distal-end of the centriole MTs whose levels rise and fall as the new centriole MTs grow, in a manner that appears to be entrained by the core cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)-Cyclin oscillator that drives the nuclear divisions in these embryos. These CP110 and Cep97 dynamics, however, do not appear to time the period of centriole MT growth directly. Instead, we find that changing the levels of CP110 and Cep97 appears to alter the Plk4 oscillation and the growth of the cartwheel at the proximal end. These findings reveal an unexpected potential crosstalk between factors normally concentrated at opposite ends of the growing centrioles, which might help to coordinate centriole growth. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa G. Aydogan
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Laura E. Hankins
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | | | - Mohammad Mofatteh
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Saroj Saurya
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Alan Wainman
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Siu-Shing Wong
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Xin Lu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Felix Y. Zhou
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jordan W. Raff
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
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5
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Mendes A, Heil HS, Coelho S, Leterrier C, Henriques R. Mapping molecular complexes with super-resolution microscopy and single-particle analysis. Open Biol 2022; 12:220079. [PMID: 35892200 PMCID: PMC9326279 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the structure of supramolecular complexes provides insight into their functional capabilities and how they can be modulated in the context of disease. Super-resolution microscopy (SRM) excels in performing this task by resolving ultrastructural details at the nanoscale with molecular specificity. However, technical limitations, such as underlabelling, preclude its ability to provide complete structures. Single-particle analysis (SPA) overcomes this limitation by combining information from multiple images of identical structures and producing an averaged model, effectively enhancing the resolution and coverage of image reconstructions. This review highlights important studies using SRM-SPA, demonstrating how it broadens our knowledge by elucidating features of key biological structures with unprecedented detail.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simao Coelho
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Ricardo Henriques
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal,MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
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6
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Song T, Yang Y, Zhou P, Ran J, Zhang L, Wu X, Xie W, Zhong T, Liu H, Liu M, Li D, Zhao H, Zhou J. ENKD1 promotes CP110 removal through competing with CEP97 to initiate ciliogenesis. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54090. [PMID: 35301795 PMCID: PMC9066061 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of cilia in cell signaling and motility, the molecular mechanisms regulating cilium formation remain incompletely understood. Herein, we characterize enkurin domain-containing protein 1 (ENKD1) as a novel centrosomal protein that mediates the removal of centriolar coiled-coil protein 110 (CP110) from the mother centriole to promote ciliogenesis. We show that Enkd1 knockout mice possess ciliogenesis defects in multiple organs. Super-resolution microscopy reveals that ENKD1 is a stable component of the centrosome throughout the ciliogenesis process. Simultaneous knockdown of ENKD1 and CP110 significantly reverses the ciliogenesis defects induced by ENKD1 depletion. Protein interaction analysis shows that ENKD1 competes with centrosomal protein 97 (CEP97) in binding to CP110. Depletion of ENKD1 enhances the CP110-CEP97 interaction and detains CP110 at the mother centriole. These findings thus identify ENKD1 as a centrosomal protein and uncover a novel mechanism controlling CP110 removal from the mother centriole for the initiation of ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunfan Yang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Ran
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaofan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecology, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Zhong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Dengwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecology, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huijie Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecology, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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7
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Frikstad KA, Schink K, Gilani S, Pedersen L, Patzke S. 3D-Structured Illumination Microscopy of Centrosomes in Human Cell Lines. Bio Protoc 2022; 12:e4360. [DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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8
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Tian Y, Wei C, He J, Yan Y, Pang N, Fang X, Liang X, Fu J. Superresolution characterization of core centriole architecture. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211748. [PMID: 33533934 PMCID: PMC7863704 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202005103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The centrosome is the main microtubule-organizing center in animal cells. It comprises of two centrioles and the surrounding pericentriolar material. Protein organization at the outer layer of the centriole and outward has been studied extensively; however, an overall picture of the protein architecture at the centriole core has been missing. Here we report a direct view of Drosophila centriolar proteins at ∼50-nm resolution. This reveals a Sas6 ring at the C-terminus, where it overlaps with the C-terminus of Cep135. The ninefold symmetrical pattern of Cep135 is further conveyed through Ana1-Asterless axes that extend past the microtubule wall from between the blades. Ana3 and Rcd4, whose termini are close to Cep135, are arranged in ninefold symmetry that does not match the above axes. During centriole biogenesis, Ana3 and Rcd4 are sequentially loaded on the newly formed centriole and are required for centriole-to-centrosome conversion through recruiting the Cep135-Ana1-Asterless complex. Together, our results provide a spatiotemporal map of the centriole core and implications of how the structure might be built.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfeng He
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences and Max Planck Partner Group, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences and Max Planck Partner Group, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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9
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Persico V, Callaini G, Riparbelli MG. Sas-4 Colocalizes with the Ciliary Rootlets of the Drosophila Sensory Organs. J Dev Biol 2021; 9:jdb9010001. [PMID: 33466292 PMCID: PMC7839044 DOI: 10.3390/jdb9010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila eye displays peculiar sensory organs of unknown function, the mechanosensory bristles, that are intercalated among the adjacent ommatidia. Like the other Drosophila sensory organs, the mechanosensory bristles consist of a bipolar neuron and two tandemly aligned centrioles, the distal of which nucleates the ciliary axoneme and represents the starting point of the ciliary rootlets. We report here that the centriole associated protein Sas-4 colocalizes with the short ciliary rootlets of the mechanosensory bristles and with the elongated rootlets of chordotonal and olfactory neurons. This finding suggests an unexpected cytoplasmic localization of Sas-4 protein and points to a new underscored role for this protein. Moreover, we observed that the sheath cells associated with the sensory neurons also display two tandemly aligned centrioles but lacks ciliary axonemes, suggesting that the dendrites of the sensory neurons are dispensable for the assembly of aligned centrioles and rootlets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Persico
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.P.); (M.G.R.)
| | - Giuliano Callaini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Giovanna Riparbelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.P.); (M.G.R.)
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10
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McLamarrah TA, Speed SK, Ryniawec JM, Buster DW, Fagerstrom CJ, Galletta BJ, Rusan NM, Rogers GC. A molecular mechanism for the procentriole recruitment of Ana2. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:132764. [PMID: 31841145 PMCID: PMC7041687 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201905172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
McLamarrah et al. characterize an early step in centriole duplication. They show that Plk4 hyperphosphorylates Ana2, which increases the affinity of Ana2 for the G-box domain of Sas4, promoting Ana2’s accumulation at the procentriole and, consequently, daughter centriole formation. During centriole duplication, a preprocentriole forms at a single site on the mother centriole through a process that includes the hierarchical recruitment of a conserved set of proteins, including the Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4), Ana2/STIL, and the cartwheel protein Sas6. Ana2/STIL is critical for procentriole assembly, and its recruitment is controlled by the kinase activity of Plk4, but how this works remains poorly understood. A structural motif called the G-box in the centriole outer wall protein Sas4 interacts with a short region in the N terminus of Ana2/STIL. Here, we show that binding of Ana2 to the Sas4 G-box enables hyperphosphorylation of the Ana2 N terminus by Plk4. Hyperphosphorylation increases the affinity of the Ana2–G-box interaction, and, consequently, promotes the accumulation of Ana2 at the procentriole to induce daughter centriole formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A McLamarrah
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Sarah K Speed
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - John M Ryniawec
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Daniel W Buster
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Carey J Fagerstrom
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Brian J Galletta
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nasser M Rusan
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Gregory C Rogers
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
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11
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Abstract
Drosophila spermatocyte centrioles are ideal for imaging studies. Their large, characteristic V conformation is both easy to identify and measure using standard imaging techniques. However, certain detailed features, such as their ninefold symmetry, are only visible below the diffraction limit of light. This is therefore a system that can benefit from the increased effective resolution potentially achievable by expansion microscopy. Here, I provide detailed protocols of two types of expansion microscopy methodologies applied to Drosophila spermatocyte centrioles, and discuss which is able to achieve the highest effective resolution in this system. I describe how to precisely measure these organelles post-expansion, and discuss how they can therefore be used as "molecular rulers" to troubleshoot and compare expansion techniques. I also provide protocols to combine expansion microscopy with super-resolution imaging in this tissue, discussing potential pitfalls. I conclude that expansion microscopy provides an effective alternative for thick tissues that are not amenable for traditional super-resolution techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Wainman
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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12
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Abstract
AbstractCentrosome is the main microtubule-organizing center in most animal cells. Its core structure, centriole, also assembles cilia and flagella that have important sensing and motility functions. Centrosome has long been recognized as a highly conserved organelle in eukaryotic species. Through electron microscopy, its ultrastructure was revealed to contain a beautiful nine-symmetrical core 60 years ago, yet its molecular basis has only been unraveled in the past two decades. The emergence of super-resolution microscopy allows us to explore the insides of a centrosome, which is smaller than the diffraction limit of light. Super-resolution microscopy also enables the compartmentation of centrosome proteins into different zones and the identification of their molecular interactions and functions. This paper compiles the centrosome architecture knowledge that has been revealed in recent years and highlights the power of several super-resolution techniques.
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13
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Moyer TC, Holland AJ. PLK4 promotes centriole duplication by phosphorylating STIL to link the procentriole cartwheel to the microtubule wall. eLife 2019; 8:46054. [PMID: 31115335 PMCID: PMC6570480 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrioles play critical roles in organizing the assembly of the mitotic spindle and templating the formation of primary cilia. Centriole duplication occurs once per cell cycle and is regulated by Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4). Although significant progress has been made in understanding centriole composition, we have limited knowledge of how PLK4 activity controls specific steps in centriole formation. Here, we show that PLK4 phosphorylates its centriole substrate STIL on a conserved site, S428, to promote STIL binding to CPAP. This phospho-dependent binding interaction is conserved in Drosophila and facilitates the stable incorporation of both STIL and CPAP into the centriole. We propose that procentriole assembly requires PLK4 to phosphorylate STIL in two different regions: phosphorylation of residues in the STAN motif allow STIL to bind SAS6 and initiate cartwheel assembly, while phosphorylation of S428 promotes the binding of STIL to CPAP, linking the cartwheel to microtubules of the centriole wall. A cell’s DNA is the chemical instruction manual for everything it does. Each cell in our bodies contains over two meters of DNA, which is divided into 46 packages of information called chromosomes. When the body needs to make more cells, for example during growth or repair, existing cells divide in two in order to replicate themselves. This means that they also need to copy all of their DNA and then deliver identical sets of chromosomes to each new cell. Animal cells use structures called centrioles to help them divide their sets of chromosomes accurately. When cells are about to divide, they make a new set of centrioles by assembling a variety of proteins. This assembly process must be carefully controlled; if too many or too few centrioles are built, cell division errors can occur that lead to the generation of new cells with abnormal numbers of chromosomes. The enzyme PLK4 helps to assemble centrioles, but its exact role in the construction process has remained largely unknown. For example, how it might modify different components of the centriole, and why this matters, is poorly understood. By performing cell biological and biochemical experiments using human cells, Moyer and Holland show that PLK4 interacts with a protein called STIL that is found in the central part of the centriole. The modification of STIL at a specific location by PLK4 was needed to link it to another protein in the outer wall of the centriole, and was also necessary for the cells to build new centrioles. Cells in which PLK4 was unable to modify STIL had too few centrioles when they were beginning to divide. Testing the activity of PLK4 in fruit flies revealed that it plays a similar role as in human cells. This suggests that the modification of STIL by PLK4 is important for normal cell division across different species. The results presented by Moyer and Holland help us to understand how dividing cells build the complex machinery that enables them to pass on their genetic material accurately. Future work that builds on these findings could provide insight into human diseases, such as brain development disorders and cancer, where centrioles are either defective or present in the wrong number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Chistopher Moyer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Andrew Jon Holland
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
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14
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Chen J, Gardner JM, Yu Z, Smith SE, McKinney S, Slaughter BD, Unruh JR, Jaspersen SL. Yeast centrosome components form a noncanonical LINC complex at the nuclear envelope insertion site. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:1478-1490. [PMID: 30862629 PMCID: PMC6504903 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201809045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
How the nuclear envelope is remodeled to facilitate insertion of large protein complexes is poorly understood. Chen et al. use superresolution imaging with bimolecular fluorescence complementation to show that a novel noncanonical linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex forms at sites of nuclear envelope fenestration in yeast. Bipolar spindle formation in yeast requires insertion of centrosomes (known as spindle pole bodies [SPBs]) into fenestrated regions of the nuclear envelope (NE). Using structured illumination microscopy and bimolecular fluorescence complementation, we map protein distribution at SPB fenestrae and interrogate protein–protein interactions with high spatial resolution. We find that the Sad1-UNC-84 (SUN) protein Mps3 forms a ring-like structure around the SPB, similar to toroids seen for components of the SPB insertion network (SPIN). Mps3 and the SPIN component Mps2 (a Klarsicht-ANC-1-Syne-1 domain [KASH]–like protein) form a novel noncanonical linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex that is connected in both luminal and extraluminal domains at the site of SPB insertion. The LINC complex also controls the distribution of a soluble SPIN component Bbp1. Taken together, our work shows that Mps3 is a fifth SPIN component and suggests both direct and indirect roles for the LINC complex in NE remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Chen
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO
| | | | - Zulin Yu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO
| | - Sarah E Smith
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO
| | - Sean McKinney
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO
| | | | - Jay R Unruh
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO
| | - Sue L Jaspersen
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO .,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
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15
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Sieben C, Banterle N, Douglass KM, Gönczy P, Manley S. Multicolor single-particle reconstruction of protein complexes. Nat Methods 2018; 15:777-780. [PMID: 30275574 PMCID: PMC6173288 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-018-0140-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Single-particle reconstruction (SPR) from electron microscopy images is widely used in structural biology, but lacks direct information on protein identity. To address this limitation, we developed a computational and analytical framework that reconstructs and co-aligns multiple proteins from 2D superresolution fluorescence images. We demonstrate our method by generating multicolor 3D reconstructions of several proteins within the human centriole, revealing their relative locations, dimensions and orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sieben
- Laboratory for Experimental Biophysics, Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research (NCCR) in Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Niccolò Banterle
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kyle M Douglass
- Laboratory for Experimental Biophysics, Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Gönczy
- Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research (NCCR) in Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Suliana Manley
- Laboratory for Experimental Biophysics, Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research (NCCR) in Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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16
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Shahid U, Singh P. Emerging Picture of Deuterosome-Dependent Centriole Amplification in MCCs. Cells 2018; 7:E152. [PMID: 30262752 PMCID: PMC6210342 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiciliated cells (MCCs) have several hair-like structures called cilia, which are required to propel substances on their surface. A cilium is organized from a basal body which resembles a hollow microtubule structure called a centriole. In terminally differentiated MCCs, hundreds of new basal bodies/centrioles are formed via two parallel pathways: the centriole- and deuterosome-dependent pathways. The deuterosome-dependent pathway is also referred to as "de novo" because unlike the centriole-dependent pathway which requires pre-existing centrioles, in the de novo pathway multiple new centrioles are organized around non-microtubule structures called deuterosomes. In the last five years, some deuterosome-specific markers have been identified and concurrent advancements in the super-resolution techniques have significantly contributed to gaining insights about the major stages of centriole amplification during ciliogenesis. Altogether, a new picture is emerging which also challenges the previous notion that deuterosome pathway is de novo. This review is primarily focused on studies that have contributed towards the better understanding of deuterosome-dependent centriole amplification and presents a developing model about the major stages identified during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umama Shahid
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 65, Nagour Road, Karwar 342037, India.
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 65, Nagour Road, Karwar 342037, India.
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17
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Klena N, Gambarotto D, Le Guennec M, Borgers S, Guichard P, Hamel V. Isolation and Fluorescence Imaging for Single-particle Reconstruction of Chlamydomonas Centrioles. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30295659 PMCID: PMC6235292 DOI: 10.3791/58109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrioles are large macromolecular assemblies important for the proper execution of fundamental cell biological processes such as cell division, cell motility, or cell signaling. The green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has proven to be an insightful model in the study of centriole architecture, function, and protein composition. Despite great advances toward understanding centriolar architecture, one of the current challenges is to determine the precise localization of centriolar components within structural regions of the centriole in order to better understand their role in centriole biogenesis. A major limitation lies in the resolution of fluorescence microscopy, which complicates the interpretation of protein localization in this organelle with dimensions close to the diffraction limit. To tackle this question, we are providing a method to purify and image a large number of C. reinhardtii centrioles with different orientations using super-resolution microscopy. This technique allows further processing of data through fluorescent single-particle averaging (Fluo-SPA) owing to the large number of centrioles acquired. Fluo-SPA generates averages of stained C. reinhardtii centrioles in different orientations, thus facilitating the localization of distinct proteins in centriolar sub-regions. Importantly, this method can be applied to image centrioles from other species or other large macromolecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Klena
- Department of Cell Biology, Sciences III, University of Geneva
| | | | | | - Susanne Borgers
- Department of Cell Biology, Sciences III, University of Geneva
| | - Paul Guichard
- Department of Cell Biology, Sciences III, University of Geneva;
| | - Virginie Hamel
- Department of Cell Biology, Sciences III, University of Geneva;
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18
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Sigal YM, Zhou R, Zhuang X. Visualizing and discovering cellular structures with super-resolution microscopy. Science 2018; 361:880-887. [PMID: 30166485 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau1044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Super-resolution microscopy has overcome a long-held resolution barrier-the diffraction limit-in light microscopy and enabled visualization of previously invisible molecular details in biological systems. Since their conception, super-resolution imaging methods have continually evolved and can now be used to image cellular structures in three dimensions, multiple colors, and living systems with nanometer-scale resolution. These methods have been applied to answer questions involving the organization, interaction, stoichiometry, and dynamics of individual molecular building blocks and their integration into functional machineries in cells and tissues. In this Review, we provide an overview of super-resolution methods, their state-of-the-art capabilities, and their constantly expanding applications to biology, with a focus on the latter. We will also describe the current technical challenges and future advances anticipated in super-resolution imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron M Sigal
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ruobo Zhou
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Xiaowei Zhuang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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19
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Combined expansion microscopy with structured illumination microscopy for analyzing protein complexes. Nat Protoc 2018; 13:1869-1895. [PMID: 30072723 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-018-0023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biologists have long been fascinated with the organization and function of intricate protein complexes. Therefore, techniques for precisely imaging protein complexes and the location of proteins within these complexes are critically important and often require multidisciplinary collaboration. A challenge in these explorations is the limited resolution of conventional light microscopy. However, a new microscopic technique has circumvented this resolution limit by making the biological sample larger, thus allowing for super-resolution of the enlarged structure. This 'expansion' is accomplished by embedding the sample in a hydrogel that, when exposed to water, uniformly expands. Here, we present a protocol that transforms thick expansion microscopy (ExM) hydrogels into sections that are physically expanded four times, creating samples that are compatible with the super-resolution technique structured illumination microscopy (SIM). This super-resolution ExM method (ExM-SIM) allows the analysis of the three-dimensional (3D) organization of multiprotein complexes at ~30-nm lateral (xy) resolution. This protocol details the steps necessary for analysis of protein localization using ExM-SIM, including antibody labeling, hydrogel preparation, protease digestion, post-digestion antibody labeling, hydrogel embedding with tissue-freezing medium (TFM), cryosectioning, expansion, image alignment, and particle averaging. We have used this approach for 3D mapping of in situ protein localization in the Drosophila synaptonemal complex (SC), but it can be readily adapted to study thick tissues such as brain and organs in various model systems. This procedure can be completed in 5 d.
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20
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Liu Y, Gupta GD, Barnabas DD, Agircan FG, Mehmood S, Wu D, Coyaud E, Johnson CM, McLaughlin SH, Andreeva A, Freund SMV, Robinson CV, Cheung SWT, Raught B, Pelletier L, van Breugel M. Direct binding of CEP85 to STIL ensures robust PLK4 activation and efficient centriole assembly. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1731. [PMID: 29712910 PMCID: PMC5928214 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes are required for faithful chromosome segregation during mitosis. They are composed of a centriole pair that recruits and organizes the microtubule-nucleating pericentriolar material. Centriole duplication is tightly controlled in vivo and aberrations in this process are associated with several human diseases, including cancer and microcephaly. Although factors essential for centriole assembly, such as STIL and PLK4, have been identified, the underlying molecular mechanisms that drive this process are incompletely understood. Combining protein proximity mapping with high-resolution structural methods, we identify CEP85 as a centriole duplication factor that directly interacts with STIL through a highly conserved interaction interface involving a previously uncharacterised domain of STIL. Structure-guided mutational analyses in vivo demonstrate that this interaction is essential for efficient centriolar targeting of STIL, PLK4 activation and faithful daughter centriole assembly. Taken together, our results illuminate a molecular mechanism underpinning the spatiotemporal regulation of the early stages of centriole duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Gagan D Gupta
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Deepak D Barnabas
- Medical Research Council - Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Fikret G Agircan
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Shahid Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Etienne Coyaud
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Christopher M Johnson
- Medical Research Council - Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Stephen H McLaughlin
- Medical Research Council - Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Antonina Andreeva
- Medical Research Council - Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Stefan M V Freund
- Medical Research Council - Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | | | - Sally W T Cheung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Brian Raught
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Laurence Pelletier
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Mark van Breugel
- Medical Research Council - Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
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21
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McLamarrah TA, Buster DW, Galletta BJ, Boese CJ, Ryniawec JM, Hollingsworth NA, Byrnes AE, Brownlee CW, Slep KC, Rusan NM, Rogers GC. An ordered pattern of Ana2 phosphorylation by Plk4 is required for centriole assembly. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:1217-1231. [PMID: 29496738 PMCID: PMC5881488 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201605106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) initiates an early step in centriole assembly by phosphorylating Ana2/STIL, a structural component of the procentriole. Here, we show that Plk4 binding to the central coiled-coil (CC) of Ana2 is a conserved event involving Polo-box 3 and a previously unidentified putative CC located adjacent to the kinase domain. Ana2 is then phosphorylated along its length. Previous studies showed that Plk4 phosphorylates the C-terminal STil/ANa2 (STAN) domain of Ana2/STIL, triggering binding and recruitment of the cartwheel protein Sas6 to the procentriole assembly site. However, the physiological relevance of N-terminal phosphorylation was unknown. We found that Plk4 first phosphorylates the extreme N terminus of Ana2, which is critical for subsequent STAN domain modification. Phosphorylation of the central region then breaks the Plk4-Ana2 interaction. This phosphorylation pattern is important for centriole assembly and integrity because replacement of endogenous Ana2 with phospho-Ana2 mutants disrupts distinct steps in Ana2 function and inhibits centriole duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A McLamarrah
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Daniel W Buster
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Brian J Galletta
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Cody J Boese
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - John M Ryniawec
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Natalie Ann Hollingsworth
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Amy E Byrnes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Christopher W Brownlee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Kevin C Slep
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Nasser M Rusan
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Gregory C Rogers
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
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22
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Sieben C, Douglass KM, Guichard P, Manley S. Super-resolution microscopy to decipher multi-molecular assemblies. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2018; 49:169-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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