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Dai N, Groenendyk J, Michalak M. Interplay between myotubularins and Ca 2+ homeostasis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119739. [PMID: 38710289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The myotubularin family, encompassing myotubularin 1 (MTM1) and 14 myotubularin-related proteins (MTMRs), represents a conserved group of phosphatases featuring a protein tyrosine phosphatase domain. Nine members are characterized by an active phosphatase domain C(X)5R, dephosphorylating the D3 position of PtdIns(3)P and PtdIns(3,5)P2. Mutations in myotubularin genes result in human myopathies, and several neuropathies including X-linked myotubular myopathy and Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4B. MTM1, MTMR6 and MTMR14 also contribute to Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+ homeostasis that play a key role in many MTM-dependent myopathies and neuropathies. Here we explore the evolving roles of MTM1/MTMRs, unveiling their influence on critical aspects of Ca2+ signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Dai
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Jody Groenendyk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Marek Michalak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada.
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2
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Wang J, Guo W, Wang Q, Yang Y, Sun X. Recent advances of myotubularin-related (MTMR) protein family in cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1364604. [PMID: 38529329 PMCID: PMC10961392 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1364604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Belonging to a lipid phosphatase family containing 16 members, myotubularin-related proteins (MTMRs) are widely expressed in a variety of tissues and organs. MTMRs preferentially hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol 3-monophosphate and phosphatidylinositol (3,5) bis-phosphate to generate phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol 5-monophosphate, respectively. These phosphoinositides (PIPs) promote membrane degradation during autophagosome-lysosomal fusion and are also involved in various regulatory signal transduction. Based on the ability of modulating the levels of these PIPs, MTMRs exert physiological functions such as vesicle trafficking, cell proliferation, differentiation, necrosis, cytoskeleton, and cell migration. It has recently been found that MTMRs are also involved in the occurrence and development of several cardiovascular diseases, including cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell, LQT1, aortic aneurysm, etc. This review summarizes the functions of MTMRs and highlights their pathophysiological roles in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Clinical Research Center, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongjian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiongshan Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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3
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Gomez N, Hsieh C, Li X, Dykstra M, Waksmacki J, Altheim C, Bechar Y, Klim J, Zaepfel B, Rothstein J, Tank EE, Barmada SJ. Counter-regulation of RNA stability by UPF1 and TDP43. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.31.578310. [PMID: 38352350 PMCID: PMC10862862 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.31.578310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
RNA quality control is crucial for proper regulation of gene expression. Disruption of nonsense mediated mRNA decay (NMD), the primary RNA decay pathway responsible for the degradation of transcripts containing premature termination codons (PTCs), can disrupt development and lead to multiple diseases in humans and other animals. Similarly, therapies targeting NMD may have applications in hematological, neoplastic and neurological disorders. As such, tools capable of accurately quantifying NMD status could be invaluable for investigations of disease pathogenesis and biomarker identification. Toward this end, we assemble, validate, and apply a next-generation sequencing approach (NMDq) for identifying and measuring the abundance of PTC-containing transcripts. After validating NMDq performance and confirming its utility for tracking RNA surveillance, we apply it to determine pathway activity in two neurodegenerative diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) characterized by RNA misprocessing and abnormal RNA stability. Despite the genetic and pathologic evidence implicating dysfunctional RNA metabolism, and NMD in particular, in these conditions, we detected no significant differences in PTC-encoding transcripts in ALS models or disease. Contrary to expectations, overexpression of the master NMD regulator UPF1 had little effect on the clearance of transcripts with PTCs, but rather restored RNA homeostasis through differential use and decay of alternatively poly-adenylated isoforms. Together, these data suggest that canonical NMD is not a significant contributor to ALS/FTD pathogenesis, and that UPF1 promotes neuronal survival by regulating transcripts with abnormally long 3'UTRs.
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Marzoog BA. Autophagy as an Anti-senescent in Aging Neurocytes. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:182-190. [PMID: 36683318 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230120102718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Neuron homeostasis is crucial for the organism, and its maintenance is multifactorial, including autophagy. The turnover of aberrant intracellular components is a fundamental pathogenetic mechanism for cell aging. Autophagy is involved in the acceleration of the neurocyte aging process and the modification of cell longevity. Neurocyte aging is a process of loss of cell identity through cellular and subcellular changes that include molecular loss of epigenetics, transcriptomic, proteomic, and autophagy dysfunction. Autophagy dysfunction is the hallmark of neurocyte aging. Cell aging is the credential feature of neurodegenerative diseases. Pathophysiologically, aged neurocytes are characterized by dysregulated autophagy and subsequently neurocyte metabolic stress, resulting in accelerated neurocyte aging. In particular, chaperone- mediated autophagy perturbation results in upregulated expression of aging and apoptosis genes. Aged neurocytes are also characterized by the down-regulation of autophagy-related genes, such as ATG5-ATG12, LC3-II / LC3-I ratio, Beclin-1, and p62. Slowing aging through autophagy targeting is sufficient to improve prognosis in neurodegenerative diseases. Three primary anti-senescent molecules are involved in the aging process: mTOR, AMPK, and Sirtuins. Autophagy therapeutic effects can be applied to reverse and slow aging. This article discusses current advances in the role of autophagy in neurocyte homeostasis, aging, and potential therapeutic strategies to reduce aging and increase cell longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basheer Abdullah Marzoog
- National Research Mordovia State University, Bolshevitskaya Street, 68, Saransk, 430005, Rep. Mordovia, Russia
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Sattler R, Traynor BJ, Robertson J, Van Den Bosch L, Barmada SJ, Svendsen CN, Disney MD, Gendron TF, Wong PC, Turner MR, Boxer A, Babu S, Benatar M, Kurnellas M, Rohrer JD, Donnelly CJ, Bustos LM, Van Keuren-Jensen K, Dacks PA, Sabbagh MN. Roadmap for C9ORF72 in Frontotemporal Dementia and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Report on the C9ORF72 FTD/ALS Summit. Neurol Ther 2023; 12:1821-1843. [PMID: 37847372 PMCID: PMC10630271 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-023-00548-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A summit held March 2023 in Scottsdale, Arizona (USA) focused on the intronic hexanucleotide expansion in the C9ORF72 gene and its relevance in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS; C9ORF72-FTD/ALS). The goal of this summit was to connect basic scientists, clinical researchers, drug developers, and individuals affected by C9ORF72-FTD/ALS to evaluate how collaborative efforts across the FTD-ALS disease spectrum might break down existing disease silos. Presentations and discussions covered recent discoveries in C9ORF72-FTD/ALS disease mechanisms, availability of disease biomarkers and recent advances in therapeutic development, and clinical trial design for prevention and treatment for individuals affected by C9ORF72-FTD/ALS and asymptomatic pathological expansion carriers. The C9ORF72-associated hexanucleotide repeat expansion is an important locus for both ALS and FTD. C9ORF72-FTD/ALS may be characterized by loss of function of the C9ORF72 protein and toxic gain of functions caused by both dipeptide repeat (DPR) proteins and hexanucleotide repeat RNA. C9ORF72-FTD/ALS therapeutic strategies discussed at the summit included the use of antisense oligonucleotides, adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene silencing and gene delivery, and engineered small molecules targeting RNA structures associated with the C9ORF72 expansion. Neurofilament light chain, DPR proteins, and transactive response (TAR) DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43)-associated molecular changes were presented as biomarker candidates. Similarly, brain imaging modalities (i.e., magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] and positron emission tomography [PET]) measuring structural, functional, and metabolic changes were discussed as important tools to monitor individuals affected with C9ORF72-FTD/ALS, at both pre-symptomatic and symptomatic disease stages. Finally, summit attendees evaluated current clinical trial designs available for FTD or ALS patients and concluded that therapeutics relevant to FTD/ALS patients, such as those specifically targeting C9ORF72, may need to be tested with composite endpoints covering clinical symptoms of both FTD and ALS. The latter will require novel clinical trial designs to be inclusive of all patient subgroups spanning the FTD/ALS spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Sattler
- Barrow Neurological Institute, 2910 N Third Ave, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
| | - Bryan J Traynor
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Janice Robertson
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sami J Barmada
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Clive N Svendsen
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew D Disney
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF-Scripps Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Tania F Gendron
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Philip C Wong
- Departments of Pathology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin R Turner
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adam Boxer
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Suma Babu
- Sean M. Healey and AMG Center for ALS and the Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Benatar
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33129, USA
| | | | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher J Donnelly
- LiveLikeLou Center for ALS Research, Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lynette M Bustos
- Barrow Neurological Institute, 2910 N Third Ave, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | | | - Penny A Dacks
- The Association for Frontotemporal Degeneration and FTD Disorders Registry, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Marwan N Sabbagh
- Barrow Neurological Institute, 2910 N Third Ave, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
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Zhang H, Tian Y, Yu W, Tong D, Ji Y, Qu X, Deng T, Li X, Xu Y. TMEM175 downregulation participates in impairment of the autophagy related lysosomal dynamics following neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:2512-2527. [PMID: 37566721 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism underlying long-term cognitive impairment caused by neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) remains unclear. Autophagy is a closely related mechanism and may play a role in this process. We aimed to investigate the role of lysosomal transmembrane protein 175 (TMEM175) in the autophagy-lysosome pathway in neonatal rats with HIBI. A neonatal rat model of HIBI was established, hypoxia was induced, followed by left common carotid artery ligation. Expression levels of TMEM175 and the corresponding proteins involved in autophagy flux and the endolysosomal system fusion process were measured. Rats were administered TMEM175 plasmid via intracerebroventricular injection to induce overexpression. Brain damage and cognitive function were then assessed. TMEM175 was downregulated in the hippocampal tissue, and the autophagy-lysosome pathway was impaired following HIBI in neonatal rats. Overexpression of TMEM175 significantly mitigated neuronal injury and improved long-term cognitive and memory function in neonatal rats with HIBI. We found that improvement in the autophagy-lysosome pathway and endolysosomal system homeostasis, which are TMEM175 related, occurred via regulation of lysosomal membrane dynamic fusion. TMEM175 plays a critical role in maintaining the autophagy-lysosome pathway and endolysosomal homeostasis, contributing to the amelioration of neuronal injury and impaired long-term cognitive function following neonatal HIBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongyi Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yichen Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinrui Qu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianjiao Deng
- The First Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinsheng Li
- The First Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Keating SS, Bademosi AT, San Gil R, Walker AK. Aggregation-prone TDP-43 sequesters and drives pathological transitions of free nuclear TDP-43. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:95. [PMID: 36930291 PMCID: PMC10023653 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04739-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of the RNA-binding protein, TDP-43, is the unifying hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. TDP-43-related neurodegeneration involves multiple changes to normal physiological TDP-43, which undergoes nuclear depletion, cytoplasmic mislocalisation, post-translational modification, and aberrant liquid-liquid phase separation, preceding inclusion formation. Along with toxic cytoplasmic aggregation, concurrent depletion and dysfunction of normal nuclear TDP-43 in cells with TDP-43 pathology is likely a key potentiator of neurodegeneration, but is not well understood. To define processes driving TDP-43 dysfunction, we used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated fluorescent tagging to investigate how disease-associated stressors and pathological TDP-43 alter abundance, localisation, self-assembly, aggregation, solubility, and mobility dynamics of normal nuclear TDP-43 over time in live cells. Oxidative stress stimulated liquid-liquid phase separation of endogenous TDP-43 into droplet-like puncta, or spherical shell-like anisosomes. Further, nuclear RNA-binding-ablated or acetylation-mimicking TDP-43 readily sequestered and depleted free normal nuclear TDP-43 into dynamic anisosomes, in which recruited endogenous TDP-43 proteins remained soluble and highly mobile. Large, phosphorylated inclusions formed by nuclear or cytoplasmic aggregation-prone TDP-43 mutants also caused sequestration, but rendered endogenous TDP-43 immobile and insoluble, indicating pathological transition. These findings suggest that RNA-binding deficiency and post-translational modifications including acetylation exacerbate TDP-43 aggregation and dysfunction by driving sequestration, mislocalisation, and depletion of normal nuclear TDP-43 in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean S Keating
- Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Adekunle T Bademosi
- Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Rebecca San Gil
- Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Adam K Walker
- Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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Autophagy: Identification of MTMR5 as a neuron-enriched suppressor. Curr Biol 2022; 32:R574-R577. [PMID: 35728530 PMCID: PMC9994184 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A puzzle of autophagy in neurons is that, unlike in other cells, it is not robustly induced by inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). A new study now solves this conundrum and establishes that myotubularin-related phosphatase 5 limits the induction of neuronal autophagy by mTOR inhibitors.
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