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Irwin KE, Jasin P, Braunstein KE, Sinha IR, Garret MA, Bowden KD, Chang K, Troncoso JC, Moghekar A, Oh ES, Raitcheva D, Bartlett D, Miller T, Berry JD, Traynor BJ, Ling JP, Wong PC. Author Correction: A fluid biomarker reveals loss of TDP-43 splicing repression in presymptomatic ALS-FTD. Nat Med 2024:10.1038/s41591-024-02966-z. [PMID: 38580817 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02966-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Irwin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pei Jasin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Irika R Sinha
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark A Garret
- Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyra D Bowden
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Koping Chang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abhay Moghekar
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Esther S Oh
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Timothy Miller
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - James D Berry
- Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bryan J Traynor
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- RNA Therapeutics Laboratory, Therapeutics Development Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan P Ling
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Philip C Wong
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Chen C, Kumbhar R, Wang H, Yang X, Gadhave K, Rastegar C, Kimura Y, Behensky A, Kotha S, Kuo G, Katakam S, Jeong D, Wang L, Wang A, Chen R, Zhang S, Jin L, Workman CJ, Vignali DAA, Pletinkova O, Jia H, Peng W, Nauen DW, Wong PC, Redding‐Ochoa J, Troncoso JC, Ying M, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Mao X. Lymphocyte-Activation Gene 3 Facilitates Pathological Tau Neuron-to-Neuron Transmission. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2303775. [PMID: 38327094 PMCID: PMC11040377 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The spread of prion-like protein aggregates is a common driver of pathogenesis in various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related Tauopathies. Tau pathologies exhibit a clear progressive spreading pattern that correlates with disease severity. Clinical observation combined with complementary experimental studies has shown that Tau preformed fibrils (PFF) are prion-like seeds that propagate pathology by entering cells and templating misfolding and aggregation of endogenous Tau. While several cell surface receptors of Tau are known, they are not specific to the fibrillar form of Tau. Moreover, the underlying cellular mechanisms of Tau PFF spreading remain poorly understood. Here, it is shown that the lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (Lag3) is a cell surface receptor that binds to PFF but not the monomer of Tau. Deletion of Lag3 or inhibition of Lag3 in primary cortical neurons significantly reduces the internalization of Tau PFF and subsequent Tau propagation and neuron-to-neuron transmission. Propagation of Tau pathology and behavioral deficits induced by injection of Tau PFF in the hippocampus and overlying cortex are attenuated in mice lacking Lag3 selectively in neurons. These results identify neuronal Lag3 as a receptor of pathologic Tau in the brain,and for AD and related Tauopathies, a therapeutic target.
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Sinha IR, Sandal PS, Burns GD, Mallika AP, Irwin KE, Cruz ALF, Wang V, Rodríguez JL, Wong PC, Ling JP. Large-scale RNA-seq mining reveals ciclopirox triggers TDP-43 cryptic exons. bioRxiv 2024:2024.03.27.587011. [PMID: 38585725 PMCID: PMC10996699 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.27.587011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear clearance and cytoplasmic aggregation of TDP-43 in neurons, initially identified in ALS-FTD, are hallmark pathological features observed across a spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases. We previously found that TDP-43 loss-of-function leads to the transcriptome-wide inclusion of deleterious cryptic exons in brains and biofluids post-mortem as well as during the presymptomatic stage of ALS-FTD, but upstream mechanisms that lead to TDP-43 dysregulation remain unclear. Here, we developed a web-based resource (SnapMine) to determine the levels of TDP-43 cryptic exon inclusion across hundreds of thousands of publicly available RNA sequencing datasets. We established cryptic exon inclusion across a variety of human cells and tissues to provide ground truth references for future studies on TDP-43 dysregulation. We then explored studies that were entirely unrelated to TDP-43 or neurodegeneration and found that ciclopirox olamine (CPX), an FDA-approved antifungal, can trigger the inclusion of TDP-43-associated cryptic exons in a variety of mouse and human primary cells. CPX induction of cryptic exon occurs via heavy metal toxicity and oxidative stress, suggesting that similar vulnerabilities could play a role in neurodegeneration. Our work demonstrates how diverse datasets can be linked through common biological features and underscores that public archives of sequencing data represent a vastly underutilized resource with tremendous potential for uncovering novel insights into complex biological mechanisms and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irika R Sinha
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Parker S Sandal
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Grace D Burns
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Katherine E Irwin
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Anna Lourdes F Cruz
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Vania Wang
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Philip C Wong
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jonathan P Ling
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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4
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Irwin KE, Jasin P, Braunstein KE, Sinha IR, Garret MA, Bowden KD, Chang K, Troncoso JC, Moghekar A, Oh ES, Raitcheva D, Bartlett D, Miller T, Berry JD, Traynor BJ, Ling JP, Wong PC. A fluid biomarker reveals loss of TDP-43 splicing repression in presymptomatic ALS-FTD. Nat Med 2024; 30:382-393. [PMID: 38278991 PMCID: PMC10878965 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02788-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Although loss of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) splicing repression is well documented in postmortem tissues of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), whether this abnormality occurs during early-stage disease remains unresolved. Cryptic exon inclusion reflects loss of function of TDP-43, and thus detection of proteins containing cryptic exon-encoded neoepitopes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or blood could reveal the earliest stages of TDP-43 dysregulation in patients. Here we use a newly characterized monoclonal antibody specific to a TDP-43-dependent cryptic epitope (encoded by the cryptic exon found in HDGFL2) to show that loss of TDP-43 splicing repression occurs in ALS-FTD, including in presymptomatic C9orf72 mutation carriers. Cryptic hepatoma-derived growth factor-like protein 2 (HDGFL2) accumulates in CSF at significantly higher levels in familial ALS-FTD and sporadic ALS compared with controls and is elevated earlier than neurofilament light and phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain protein levels in familial disease. Cryptic HDGFL2 can also be detected in blood of individuals with ALS-FTD, including in presymptomatic C9orf72 mutation carriers, and accumulates at levels highly correlated with those in CSF. Our findings indicate that loss of TDP-43 cryptic splicing repression occurs early in disease progression, even presymptomatically, and that detection of the HDGFL2 cryptic neoepitope serves as a potential diagnostic biomarker for ALS, which should facilitate patient recruitment and measurement of target engagement in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Irwin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pei Jasin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Irika R Sinha
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark A Garret
- Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyra D Bowden
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Koping Chang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abhay Moghekar
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Esther S Oh
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Timothy Miller
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - James D Berry
- Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bryan J Traynor
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- RNA Therapeutics Laboratory, Therapeutics Development Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan P Ling
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Philip C Wong
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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5
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Irwin KE, Sheth U, Wong PC, Gendron TF. Fluid biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a review. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:9. [PMID: 38267984 PMCID: PMC10809579 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00685-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of upper and lower motor neurons. Presently, three FDA-approved drugs are available to help slow functional decline for patients with ALS, but no cure yet exists. With an average life expectancy of only two to five years after diagnosis, there is a clear need for biomarkers to improve the care of patients with ALS and to expedite ALS treatment development. Here, we provide a review of the efforts made towards identifying diagnostic, prognostic, susceptibility/risk, and response fluid biomarkers with the intent to facilitate a more rapid and accurate ALS diagnosis, to better predict prognosis, to improve clinical trial design, and to inform interpretation of clinical trial results. Over the course of 20 + years, several promising fluid biomarker candidates for ALS have emerged. These will be discussed, as will the exciting new strategies being explored for ALS biomarker discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Irwin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Udit Sheth
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Philip C Wong
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Tania F Gendron
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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Chang K, Ling JP, Redding-Ochoa J, An Y, Li L, Dean SA, Blanchard TG, Pylyukh T, Barrett A, Irwin KE, Moghekar A, Resnick SM, Wong PC, Troncoso JC. Loss of TDP-43 splicing repression occurs early in the aging population and is associated with Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic changes and cognitive decline. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 147:4. [PMID: 38133681 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02653-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
LATE-NC, the neuropathologic changes of limbic-predominant age-related TAR DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) encephalopathy are frequently associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitive impairment in older adults. The association of TDP-43 proteinopathy with AD neuropathologic changes (ADNC) and its impact on specific cognitive domains are not fully understood and whether loss of TDP-43 function occurs early in the aging brain remains unknown. Here, using a large set of autopsies from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) and another younger cohort, we were able to study brains from subjects 21-109 years of age. Examination of these brains show that loss of TDP-43 splicing repression, as judged by TDP-43 nuclear clearance and expression of a cryptic exon in HDGFL2, first occurs during the 6th decade, preceding by a decade the appearance of TDP-43+ neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCIs). We corroborated this observation using a monoclonal antibody to demonstrate a cryptic exon-encoded neoepitope within HDGFL2 in neurons exhibiting nuclear clearance of TDP-43. TDP-43 nuclear clearance is associated with increased burden of tau pathology. Age at death, female sex, high CERAD neuritic plaque score, and high Braak neurofibrillary stage significantly increase the odds of LATE-NC. Faster rates of cognitive decline on verbal memory (California Verbal Learning Test immediate recall), visuospatial ability (Card Rotations Test), mental status (MMSE) and semantic fluency (Category Fluency Test) were associated with LATE-NC. Notably, the effects of LATE-NC on verbal memory and visuospatial ability are independent of ADNC. However, the effects of TDP-43 nuclear clearance in absence of NCI on the longitudinal trajectories and levels of cognitive measures are not significant. These results establish that loss of TDP-43 splicing repression is an early event occurring in the aging population during the development of TDP-43 proteinopathy and is associated with increased tau pathology. Furthermore, LATE-NC correlates with high levels of ADNC but also has an impact on specific memory and visuospatial functions in aging that is independent of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koping Chang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100225, Taiwan
| | - Jonathan P Ling
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Javier Redding-Ochoa
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yang An
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, State of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21223, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Stephanie A Dean
- Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, State of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21223, USA
| | - Thomas G Blanchard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Tatiana Pylyukh
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Alexander Barrett
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Katherine E Irwin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Abhay Moghekar
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Philip C Wong
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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7
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Sattler R, Traynor BJ, Robertson J, Van Den Bosch L, Barmada SJ, Svendsen CN, Disney MD, Gendron TF, Wong PC, Turner MR, Boxer A, Babu S, Benatar M, Kurnellas M, Rohrer JD, Donnelly CJ, Bustos LM, Van Keuren-Jensen K, Dacks PA, Sabbagh MN. Roadmap for C9ORF72 in Frontotemporal Dementia and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Report on the C9ORF72 FTD/ALS Summit. Neurol Ther 2023; 12:1821-1843. [PMID: 37847372 PMCID: PMC10630271 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-023-00548-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A summit held March 2023 in Scottsdale, Arizona (USA) focused on the intronic hexanucleotide expansion in the C9ORF72 gene and its relevance in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS; C9ORF72-FTD/ALS). The goal of this summit was to connect basic scientists, clinical researchers, drug developers, and individuals affected by C9ORF72-FTD/ALS to evaluate how collaborative efforts across the FTD-ALS disease spectrum might break down existing disease silos. Presentations and discussions covered recent discoveries in C9ORF72-FTD/ALS disease mechanisms, availability of disease biomarkers and recent advances in therapeutic development, and clinical trial design for prevention and treatment for individuals affected by C9ORF72-FTD/ALS and asymptomatic pathological expansion carriers. The C9ORF72-associated hexanucleotide repeat expansion is an important locus for both ALS and FTD. C9ORF72-FTD/ALS may be characterized by loss of function of the C9ORF72 protein and toxic gain of functions caused by both dipeptide repeat (DPR) proteins and hexanucleotide repeat RNA. C9ORF72-FTD/ALS therapeutic strategies discussed at the summit included the use of antisense oligonucleotides, adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene silencing and gene delivery, and engineered small molecules targeting RNA structures associated with the C9ORF72 expansion. Neurofilament light chain, DPR proteins, and transactive response (TAR) DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43)-associated molecular changes were presented as biomarker candidates. Similarly, brain imaging modalities (i.e., magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] and positron emission tomography [PET]) measuring structural, functional, and metabolic changes were discussed as important tools to monitor individuals affected with C9ORF72-FTD/ALS, at both pre-symptomatic and symptomatic disease stages. Finally, summit attendees evaluated current clinical trial designs available for FTD or ALS patients and concluded that therapeutics relevant to FTD/ALS patients, such as those specifically targeting C9ORF72, may need to be tested with composite endpoints covering clinical symptoms of both FTD and ALS. The latter will require novel clinical trial designs to be inclusive of all patient subgroups spanning the FTD/ALS spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Sattler
- Barrow Neurological Institute, 2910 N Third Ave, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
| | - Bryan J Traynor
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Janice Robertson
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sami J Barmada
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Clive N Svendsen
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew D Disney
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF-Scripps Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Tania F Gendron
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Philip C Wong
- Departments of Pathology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin R Turner
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adam Boxer
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Suma Babu
- Sean M. Healey and AMG Center for ALS and the Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Benatar
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33129, USA
| | | | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher J Donnelly
- LiveLikeLou Center for ALS Research, Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lynette M Bustos
- Barrow Neurological Institute, 2910 N Third Ave, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | | | - Penny A Dacks
- The Association for Frontotemporal Degeneration and FTD Disorders Registry, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Marwan N Sabbagh
- Barrow Neurological Institute, 2910 N Third Ave, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
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Sisodia S, Wong PC. Donald Lowell Price, M.D. In memoriam. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:88. [PMID: 37981690 PMCID: PMC10658964 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00670-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sangram Sisodia
- Departments of Neurobiology and Neurology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA.
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9
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Liu G, Wang J, Wei Z, Fang C, Shen K, Qian C, Qi C, Li T, Gao P, Wong PC, Lu H, Cao X, Wan M. Elevated PDGF-BB from Bone Impairs Hippocampal Vasculature by Inducing PDGFRβ Shedding from Pericytes. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2206938. [PMID: 37102631 PMCID: PMC10369301 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests a unique association between bone aging and neurodegenerative/cerebrovascular disorders. However, the mechanisms underlying bone-brain interplay remain elusive. Here platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) produced by preosteoclasts in bone is reported to promote age-associated hippocampal vascular impairment. Aberrantly elevated circulating PDGF-BB in aged mice and high-fat diet (HFD)-challenged mice correlates with capillary reduction, pericyte loss, and increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability in their hippocampus. Preosteoclast-specific Pdgfb transgenic mice with markedly high plasma PDGF-BB concentration faithfully recapitulate the age-associated hippocampal BBB impairment and cognitive decline. Conversely, preosteoclast-specific Pdgfb knockout mice have attenuated hippocampal BBB impairment in aged mice or HFD-challenged mice. Persistent exposure of brain pericytes to high concentrations of PDGF-BB upregulates matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14), which promotes ectodomain shedding of PDGF receptor β (PDGFRβ) from pericyte surface. MMP inhibitor treatment alleviates hippocampal pericyte loss and capillary reduction in the conditional Pdgfb transgenic mice and antagonizes BBB leakage in aged mice. The findings establish the role of bone-derived PDGF-BB in mediating hippocampal BBB disruption and identify the ligand-induced PDGFRβ shedding as a feedback mechanism for age-associated PDGFRβ downregulation and the consequent pericyte loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqiao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineRoss Building, Room 232, 720 Rutland AvenueBaltimoreMD21205USA
| | - Jiekang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineRoss Building, Room 232, 720 Rutland AvenueBaltimoreMD21205USA
| | - Zhiliang Wei
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21205USA
| | - Ching‐Lien Fang
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineRoss Building, Room 232, 720 Rutland AvenueBaltimoreMD21205USA
| | - Ke Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineRoss Building, Room 232, 720 Rutland AvenueBaltimoreMD21205USA
| | - Cheng Qian
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineRoss Building, Room 232, 720 Rutland AvenueBaltimoreMD21205USA
| | - Cheng Qi
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineRoss Building, Room 232, 720 Rutland AvenueBaltimoreMD21205USA
| | - Tong Li
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21205USA
| | - Peisong Gao
- Division of Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21224USA
| | - Philip C. Wong
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21205USA
- Department of NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21205USA
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21205USA
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineRoss Building, Room 232, 720 Rutland AvenueBaltimoreMD21205USA
| | - Mei Wan
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineRoss Building, Room 232, 720 Rutland AvenueBaltimoreMD21205USA
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10
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Chen C, Kumbhar R, Wang H, Yang X, Gadhave K, Rastegar C, Kimura Y, Behensky A, Katakam S, Jeong D, Wang L, Wang A, Chen R, Zhang S, Jin L, Workman CJ, Vignali DA, Pletinkova O, Nauen DW, Wong PC, Troncoso JC, Ying M, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Mao X. Pathological Tau transmission initiated by binding lymphocyte-activation gene 3. bioRxiv 2023:2023.05.16.541015. [PMID: 37293032 PMCID: PMC10245704 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.16.541015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The spread of prion-like protein aggregates is believed to be a common driver of pathogenesis in many neurodegenerative diseases. Accumulated tangles of filamentous Tau protein are considered pathogenic lesions of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related Tauopathies, including progressive supranuclear palsy, and corticobasal degeneration. Tau pathologies in these illnesses exhibits a clear progressive and hierarchical spreading pattern that correlates with disease severity1,2. Clinical observation combined with complementary experimental studies3,4 have shown that Tau preformed fibrils (PFF) are prion-like seeds that propagate pathology by entering cells and templating misfolding and aggregation of endogenous Tau. While several receptors of Tau are known, they are not specific to the fibrillar form of Tau. Moreover, the underlying cellular mechanisms of Tau PFF spreading remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (Lag3) is a cell surface receptor that binds to PFF, but not monomer, of Tau. Deletion of Lag3 or inhibition of Lag3 in primary cortical neurons significantly reduces the internalization of Tau PFF and subsequent Tau propagation and neuron-to-neuron transmission. Propagation of Tau pathology and behavioral deficits induced by injection of Tau PFF in the hippocampus and overlying cortex are attenuated in mice lacking Lag3 selectively in neurons. Our results identify neuronal Lag3 as a receptor of pathologic Tau in the brain, and for AD and related Tauopathies a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Chen
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ramhari Kumbhar
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hu Wang
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Xiuli Yang
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kundlik Gadhave
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Cyrus Rastegar
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yasuyoshi Kimura
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Adam Behensky
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sruthi Katakam
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Deok Jeong
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Liang Wang
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Anthony Wang
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rong Chen
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shu Zhang
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lingtao Jin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Creg J. Workman
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Dario A.A. Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Olga Pletinkova
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - David W. Nauen
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Philip C. Wong
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Juan C. Troncoso
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mingyao Ying
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, 707 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Valina L. Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ted M. Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Xiaobo Mao
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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11
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Carmen-Orozco RP, Tsao W, Ye Y, Sinha IR, Chang K, Trinh V, Chung W, Bowden K, Troncoso JC, Blackshaw S, Hayes LR, Sun S, Wong PC, Ling JP. Elevated nuclear TDP-43 induces constitutive exon skipping. bioRxiv 2023:2023.05.11.540291. [PMID: 37215013 PMCID: PMC10197708 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.11.540291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic inclusions and loss of nuclear TDP-43 are key pathological features found in several neurodegenerative disorders, suggesting both gain- and loss-of-function mechanisms of disease. To study gain-of-function, TDP-43 overexpression has been used to generate in vitro and in vivo model systems. Our study shows that excessive levels of nuclear TDP-43 protein lead to constitutive exon skipping that is largely species-specific. Furthermore, while aberrant exon skipping is detected in some human brains, it is not correlated with disease, unlike the incorporation of cryptic exons that occurs after loss of TDP-43. Our findings emphasize the need for caution in interpreting TDP-43 overexpression data, and stress the importance of controlling for exon skipping when generating models of TDP-43 proteinopathy. Understanding the subtle aspects of TDP-43 toxicity within different subcellular locations is essential for the development of therapies targeting neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogger P Carmen-Orozco
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Neuroscience Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - William Tsao
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Neuroscience Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Yingzhi Ye
- Department of Physiology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Irika R Sinha
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Neuroscience Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Koping Chang
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Vickie Trinh
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Neuroscience Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - William Chung
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Kyra Bowden
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Seth Blackshaw
- Department of Neuroscience Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Ophthalmology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Lindsey R Hayes
- Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Shuying Sun
- Department of Physiology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Philip C Wong
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Neuroscience Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Jonathan P Ling
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
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12
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Irwin KE, Jasin P, Braunstein KE, Sinha I, Bowden KD, Moghekar A, Oh ES, Raitcheva D, Bartlett D, Berry JD, Traynor B, Ling JP, Wong PC. A fluid biomarker reveals loss of TDP-43 splicing repression in pre-symptomatic ALS. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.23.525202. [PMID: 36789434 PMCID: PMC9928052 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.23.525202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Loss of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) splicing repression is well-documented in postmortem tissues of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), yet whether this abnormality occurs during early-stage disease remains unresolved. Cryptic exon inclusion reflects functional loss of TDP-43, and thus detection of cryptic exon-encoded peptides in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) could reveal the earliest stages of TDP-43 dysregulation in patients. Here, we use a newly characterized monoclonal antibody specific to a TDP-43-dependent cryptic epitope (encoded by the cryptic exon found in HDGFL2) to show that loss of TDP-43 splicing repression occurs in C9ORF72-associated ALS, including pre-symptomatic mutation carriers. In contrast to neurofilament light and heavy chain proteins, cryptic HDGFL2 accumulates in CSF at higher levels during early stages of disease. Our findings indicate that loss of TDP-43 splicing repression occurs early in disease progression, even pre-symptomatically, and that detection of HDGFL2's cryptic neoepitope may serve as a prognostic test for ALS which should facilitate patient recruitment and measurement of target engagement in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Irwin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2196, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2196, USA
| | - Pei Jasin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2196, USA
| | | | - Irika Sinha
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2196, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2196, USA
| | - Kyra D. Bowden
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2196, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2196, USA
| | - Abhay Moghekar
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2196, USA
| | - Esther S. Oh
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2196, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2196, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2196, USA
| | | | | | - James D. Berry
- Sean M Healey & AMG Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Bryan Traynor
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Ling
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2196, USA
| | - Philip C. Wong
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2196, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2196, USA
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13
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Kim DW, Tu KJ, Wei A, Lau AJ, Gonzalez-Gil A, Cao T, Braunstein K, Ling JP, Troncoso JC, Wong PC, Blackshaw S, Schnaar RL, Li T. Amyloid-beta and tau pathologies act synergistically to induce novel disease stage-specific microglia subtypes. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:83. [PMID: 36536457 PMCID: PMC9762062 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00589-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amongst risk alleles associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), those that converged on the regulation of microglia activity have emerged as central to disease progression. Yet, how canonical amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau pathologies regulate microglia subtypes during the progression of AD remains poorly understood. METHODS We use single-cell RNA-sequencing to profile microglia subtypes from mice exhibiting both Aβ and tau pathologies across disease progression. We identify novel microglia subtypes that are induced in response to both Aβ and tau pathologies in a disease-stage-specific manner. To validate the observation in AD mouse models, we also generated a snRNA-Seq dataset from the human superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and entorhinal cortex (ERC) at different Braak stages. RESULTS We show that during early-stage disease, interferon signaling induces a subtype of microglia termed Early-stage AD-Associated Microglia (EADAM) in response to both Aβ and tau pathologies. During late-stage disease, a second microglia subtype termed Late-stage AD-Associated Microglia (LADAM) is detected. While similar microglia subtypes are observed in other models of neurodegenerative disease, the magnitude and composition of gene signatures found in EADAM and LADAM are distinct, suggesting the necessity of both Aβ and tau pathologies to elicit their emergence. Importantly, the pattern of EADAM- and LADAM-associated gene expression is observed in microglia from AD brains, during the early (Braak II)- or late (Braak VI/V)- stage of the disease, respectively. Furthermore, we show that several Siglec genes are selectively expressed in either EADAM or LADAM. Siglecg is expressed in white-matter-associated LADAM, and expression of Siglec-10, the human orthologue of Siglecg, is progressively elevated in an AD-stage-dependent manner but not shown in non-AD tauopathy. CONCLUSIONS Using scRNA-Seq in mouse models bearing amyloid-β and/or tau pathologies, we identify novel microglia subtypes induced by the combination of Aβ and tau pathologies in a disease stage-specific manner. Our findings suggest that both Aβ and tau pathologies are required for the disease stage-specific induction of EADAM and LADAM. In addition, we revealed Siglecs as biomarkers of AD progression and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Won Kim
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Kevin J. Tu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Alice Wei
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Ashley J. Lau
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Anabel Gonzalez-Gil
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Tianyu Cao
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Kerstin Braunstein
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Jonathan P. Ling
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Juan C. Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Philip C. Wong
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Seth Blackshaw
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Ronald L. Schnaar
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
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14
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Liang B, Thapa R, Zhang G, Moffitt C, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Johnston A, Ruby HP, Barbera G, Wong PC, Zhang Z, Chen R, Lin DT, Li Y. Aberrant Neural Activity in Prefrontal Pyramidal Neurons Lacking TDP-43 Precedes Neuron loss. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 215:102297. [PMID: 35667630 PMCID: PMC9258405 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mislocalization of TAR DNA binding protein 43 kDa (TARDBP, or TDP-43) is a principal pathological hallmark identified in cases of neurodegenerative disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). As an RNA binding protein, TDP-43 serves in the nuclear compartment to repress non-conserved cryptic exons to ensure the normal transcriptome. Multiple lines of evidence from animal models and human studies support the view that loss of TDP-43 leads to neuron loss, independent of its cytosolic aggregation. However, the underlying pathogenic pathways driven by the loss-of-function mechanism are still poorly defined. We employed a genetic approach to determine the impact of TDP-43 loss in pyramidal neurons of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Using a custom-built miniscope imaging system, we performed repetitive in vivo calcium imaging from freely behaving mice for up to 7 months. By comparing calcium activity in PFC pyramidal neurons between TDP-43 depleted and TDP-43 intact mice, we demonstrated remarkably increased numbers of pyramidal neurons exhibiting hyperactive calcium activity after short-term TDP-43 depletion, followed by rapid activity declines prior to neuron loss. Our results suggest aberrant neural activity driven by loss of TDP-43 as the pathogenic pathway at early stage in ALS and FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liang
- School of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, College of Engineering & Mines, University of North Dakota, 243 Centennial Drive Stop 7165, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
| | - Rashmi Thapa
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| | - Gracie Zhang
- Laramie High School, 1710 Boulder Drive, Laramie, WY 82070, USA.
| | - Casey Moffitt
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, College of Engineering & Mines, University of North Dakota, 243 Centennial Drive Stop 7165, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA; Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; Laramie High School, 1710 Boulder Drive, Laramie, WY 82070, USA; Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 100N. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Amanda Johnston
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| | - Hyrum P Ruby
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| | - Giovanni Barbera
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Philip C Wong
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Zhaojie Zhang
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 100N. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Da-Ting Lin
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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15
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Gonzalez-Gil A, Porell RN, Fernandes SM, Maenpaa E, Li TA, Li T, Wong PC, Aoki K, Tiemeyer M, Yu ZJ, Orsburn BC, Bumpus NN, Matthews RT, Schnaar RL. Human brain sialoglycan ligand for CD33, a microglial inhibitory Siglec implicated in Alzheimer's disease. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101960. [PMID: 35452678 PMCID: PMC9130525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by accumulation of misfolded proteins. Genetic studies implicate microglia, brain-resident phagocytic immune cells, in AD pathogenesis. As positive effectors, microglia clear toxic proteins, whereas as negative effectors, they release proinflammatory mediators. An imbalance of these functions contributes to AD progression. Polymorphisms of human CD33, an inhibitory microglial receptor, are linked to AD susceptibility; higher CD33 expression correlates with increased AD risk. CD33, also called Siglec-3, is a member of the sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectin (Siglec) family of immune regulatory receptors. Siglec-mediated inhibition is initiated by binding to complementary sialoglycan ligands in the tissue environment. Here, we identify a single sialoglycoprotein in human cerebral cortex that binds CD33 as well as Siglec-8, the most abundant Siglec on human microglia. The ligand, which we term receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase zeta (RPTPζ)S3L, is composed of sialylated keratan sulfate chains carried on a minor isoform/glycoform of RPTPζ (phosphacan) and is found in the extracellular milieu of the human brain parenchyma. Brains from human AD donors had twofold higher levels of RPTPζS3L than age-matched control donors, raising the possibility that RPTPζS3L overexpression limits misfolded protein clearance contributing to AD pathology. Mice express the same structure, a sialylated keratan sulfate RPTPζ isoform, that binds mouse Siglec-F and crossreacts with human CD33 and Siglec-8. Brains from mice engineered to lack RPTPζ, the sialyltransferase St3gal4, or the keratan sulfate sulfotransferase Chst1 lacked Siglec binding, establishing the ligand structure. The unique CD33 and Siglec-8 ligand, RPTPζS3L, may contribute to AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Gonzalez-Gil
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ryan N Porell
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Steve M Fernandes
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eila Maenpaa
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - T August Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Philip C Wong
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael Tiemeyer
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Zaikuan J Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin C Orsburn
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Namandjé N Bumpus
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Russell T Matthews
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Ronald L Schnaar
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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16
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Britson KA, Ling JP, Braunstein KE, Montagne JM, Kastenschmidt JM, Wilson A, Ikenaga C, Tsao W, Pinal-Fernandez I, Russell KA, Reed N, Mozaffar T, Wagner KR, Ostrow LW, Corse AM, Mammen AL, Villalta SA, Larman HB, Wong PC, Lloyd TE. Loss of TDP-43 function and rimmed vacuoles persist after T cell depletion in a xenograft model of sporadic inclusion body myositis. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabi9196. [PMID: 35044790 PMCID: PMC9118725 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abi9196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sporadic inclusion body myositis (IBM) is the most common acquired muscle disease in adults over age 50, yet it remains unclear whether the disease is primarily driven by T cell–mediated autoimmunity. IBM muscle biopsies display nuclear clearance and cytoplasmic aggregation of TDP-43 in muscle cells, a pathologic finding observed initially in neurodegenerative diseases, where nuclear loss of TDP-43 in neurons causes aberrant RNA splicing. Here, we show that loss of TDP-43–mediated splicing repression, as determined by inclusion of cryptic exons, occurs in skeletal muscle of subjects with IBM. Of 119 muscle biopsies tested, RT-PCR–mediated detection of cryptic exon inclusion was able to diagnose IBM with 84% sensitivity and 99% specificity. To determine the role of T cells in pathogenesis, we generated a xenograft model by transplanting human IBM muscle into the hindlimb of immunodeficient mice. Xenografts from subjects with IBM displayed robust regeneration of human myofibers and recapitulated both inflammatory and degenerative features of the disease. Myofibers in IBM xenografts showed invasion by human, oligoclonal CD8+ T cells and exhibited MHC-I up-regulation, rimmed vacuoles, mitochondrial pathology, p62-positive inclusions, and nuclear clearance and cytoplasmic aggregation of TDP-43, associated with cryptic exon inclusion. Reduction of human T cells within IBM xenografts by treating mice intraperitoneally with anti-CD3 (OKT3) suppressed MHC-I up-regulation. However, rimmed vacuoles and loss of TDP-43 function persisted. These data suggest that T cell depletion does not alter muscle degenerative pathology in IBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla A. Britson
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Ling
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kerstin E. Braunstein
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Janelle M. Montagne
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jenna M. Kastenschmidt
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Andrew Wilson
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chiseko Ikenaga
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - William Tsao
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Iago Pinal-Fernandez
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Muscle Disease Unit, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Katelyn A. Russell
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nicole Reed
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tahseen Mozaffar
- Institute for Immunology, Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Kathryn R. Wagner
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Center for Genetic Muscle Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lyle W. Ostrow
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrea M. Corse
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrew L. Mammen
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Muscle Disease Unit, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - S. Armando Villalta
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - H. Benjamin Larman
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Philip C. Wong
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Solomon H. Synder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Thomas E. Lloyd
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Solomon H. Synder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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17
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Campbell KM, Xu Y, Patel C, Rayl JM, Zomer HD, Osuru HP, Pratt M, Pramoonjago P, Timken M, Miller LM, Ralph A, Storey KM, Peng Y, Drnevich J, Lagier-Tourenne C, Wong PC, Qiao H, Reddi PP. Loss of TDP-43 in male germ cells causes meiotic failure and impairs fertility in mice. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101231. [PMID: 34599968 PMCID: PMC8569592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic arrest is a common cause of human male infertility, but the causes of this arrest are poorly understood. Transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) is highly expressed in spermatocytes in the preleptotene and pachytene stages of meiosis. TDP-43 is linked to several human neurodegenerative disorders wherein its nuclear clearance accompanied by cytoplasmic aggregates underlies neurodegeneration. Exploring the functional requirement for TDP-43 for spermatogenesis for the first time, we show here that conditional KO (cKO) of the Tardbp gene (encoding TDP-43) in male germ cells of mice leads to reduced testis size, depletion of germ cells, vacuole formation within the seminiferous epithelium, and reduced sperm production. Fertility trials also indicated severe subfertility. Spermatocytes of cKO mice showed failure to complete prophase I of meiosis with arrest at the midpachytene stage. Staining of synaptonemal complex protein 3 and γH2AX, markers of the meiotic synaptonemal complex and DNA damage, respectively, and super illumination microscopy revealed nonhomologous pairing and synapsis defects. Quantitative RT–PCR showed reduction in the expression of genes critical for prophase I of meiosis, including Spo11 (initiator of meiotic double-stranded breaks), Rec8 (meiotic recombination protein), and Rad21L (RAD21-like, cohesin complex component), as well as those involved in the retinoic acid pathway critical for entry into meiosis. RNA-Seq showed 1036 upregulated and 1638 downregulated genes (false discovery rate <0.05) in the Tardbp cKO testis, impacting meiosis pathways. Our work reveals a crucial role for TDP-43 in male meiosis and suggests that some forms of meiotic arrest seen in infertile men may result from the loss of function of TDP-43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M Campbell
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Yiding Xu
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Chintan Patel
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeremy M Rayl
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Helena D Zomer
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Hari Prasad Osuru
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Michael Pratt
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Patcharin Pramoonjago
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Madeline Timken
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Lyndzi M Miller
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Abigail Ralph
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Kathryn M Storey
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Yiheng Peng
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jenny Drnevich
- High-Performance Biological Computing (HPCBio) Group, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Clotilde Lagier-Tourenne
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philip C Wong
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Huanyu Qiao
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Prabhakara P Reddi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
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18
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Wei Z, Xu J, Chen L, Hirschler L, Barbier EL, Li T, Wong PC, Lu H. Brain metabolism in tau and amyloid mouse models of Alzheimer's disease: An MRI study. NMR Biomed 2021; 34:e4568. [PMID: 34050996 PMCID: PMC9574887 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of cognitive impairment and dementia in elderly individuals. According to the current biomarker framework for "unbiased descriptive classification", biomarkers of neurodegeneration, "N", constitute a critical component in the tri-category "A/T/N" system. Current biomarkers of neurodegeneration suffer from potential drawbacks such as requiring invasive lumbar puncture, involving ionizing radiation, or representing a late, irreversible marker. Recent human studies have suggested that reduced brain oxygen metabolism may be a new functional marker of neurodegeneration in AD, but the heterogeneity and the presence of mixed pathology in human patients did not allow a full understanding of the role of oxygen extraction and metabolism in AD. In this report, global brain oxygen metabolism and related physiological parameters were studied in two AD mouse models with relatively pure pathology, using advanced MRI techniques including T2 -relaxation-under-spin-tagging (TRUST) and phase contrast (PC) MRI. Additionally, regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) was determined with pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling. Reduced global oxygen extraction fraction (by -18.7%, p = 0.008), unit-mass cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2 ) (by -17.4%, p = 0.04) and total CMRO2 (by -30.8%, p < 0.001) were observed in Tau4RΔK mice-referred to as the tau AD model-which manifested pronounced neurodegeneration, as measured by diminished brain volume (by -15.2%, p < 0.001). Global and regional CBF in these mice were not different from those of wild-type mice (p > 0.05), suggesting normal vascular function. By contrast, in B6;SJL-Tg [APPSWE]2576Kha (APP) mice-referred to as the amyloid AD model-no brain volume reduction, as well as relatively intact brain oxygen extraction and metabolism, were found (p > 0.05). Consistent with the imaging data, behavioral measures of walking distance were impaired in Tau4RΔK mice (p = 0.004), but not in APP mice (p = 0.88). Collectively, these findings support the hypothesis that noninvasive MRI measurement of brain oxygen metabolism may be a promising biomarker of neurodegeneration in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Wei
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiadi Xu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lin Chen
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Lydiane Hirschler
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
- C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Emmanuel L. Barbier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Philip C. Wong
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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19
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Chen L, van Zijl PC, Wei Z, Lu H, Duan W, Wong PC, Li T, Xu J. Early detection of Alzheimer's disease using creatine chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroimage 2021; 236:118071. [PMID: 33878375 PMCID: PMC8321389 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Detecting Alzheimer's disease (AD) at an early stage brings a lot of benefits including disease management and actions to slow the progression of the disease. Here, we demonstrate that reduced creatine chemical exchange saturation transfer (CrCEST) contrast has the potential to serve as a new biomarker for early detection of AD. The results on wild type (WT) mice and two age-matched AD models, namely tauopathy (Tau) and Aβ amyloidosis (APP), indicated that CrCEST contrasts of the cortex and corpus callosum in the APP and Tau mice were significantly reduced compared to WT counterpart at an early stage (6-7 months) (p < 0.011). Two main causes of the reduced CrCEST contrast, i.e. cerebral pH and creatine concentration, were investigated. From phantom and hypercapnia experiments, CrCEST showed excellent sensitivity to pH variations. From MRS results, the creatine concentration in WT and AD mouse brain was equivalent, which suggests that the reduced CrCEST contrast was dominated by cerebral pH change involved in the progression of AD. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the abnormal cerebral pH in AD mice may relate to neuroinflammation, a known factor that can cause pH reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, National Model Microelectronics College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Peter C.M. van Zijl
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhiliang Wei
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wenzhen Duan
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Philip C. Wong
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jiadi Xu
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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20
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Chen L, Wei Z, Chan KWY, Li Y, Suchal K, Bi S, Huang J, Xu X, Wong PC, Lu H, van Zijl PCM, Li T, Xu J. D-Glucose uptake and clearance in the tauopathy Alzheimer's disease mouse brain detected by on-resonance variable delay multiple pulse MRI. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:1013-1025. [PMID: 32669023 PMCID: PMC8054725 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20941264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we applied on-resonance variable delay multiple pulse (onVDMP) MRI to study D-glucose uptake in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) tauopathy and demonstrated its feasibility in discriminating AD mice from wild-type mice. The D-glucose uptake in the cortex of AD mice (1.70 ± 1.33%) was significantly reduced compared to that of wild-type mice (5.42 ± 0.70%, p = 0.0051). Also, a slower D-glucose uptake rate was found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of AD mice (0.08 ± 0.01 min-1) compared to their wild-type counterpart (0.56 ± 0.1 min-1, p < 0.001), which suggests the presence of an impaired glucose transporter on both blood-brain and blood-CSF barriers of these AD mice. Clearance of D-glucose was observed in the CSF of wild-type mice but not AD mice, which suggests dysfunction of the glymphatic system in the AD mice. The results in this study indicate that onVDMP MRI could be a cost-effective and widely available method for simultaneously evaluating glucose transporter and glymphatic function of AD. This study also suggests that tau protein affects the D-glucose uptake and glymphatic impairment in AD at a time point preceding neurofibrillary tangle pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhiliang Wei
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kannie WY Chan
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuguo Li
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kapil Suchal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sheng Bi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jianpan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Philip C Wong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter CM van Zijl
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jiadi Xu
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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21
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Sieverding K, Ulmer J, Bruno C, Satoh T, Tsao W, Freischmidt A, Akira S, Wong PC, Ludolph AC, Danzer KM, Lobsiger CS, Brenner D, Weishaupt JH. Hemizygous deletion of Tbk1 worsens neuromuscular junction pathology in TDP-43 G298S transgenic mice. Exp Neurol 2020; 335:113496. [PMID: 33038415 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the genes TARDBP (encoding the TDP-43 protein) and TBK1 can cause familial ALS. Neuronal cytoplasmatic accumulations of the misfolded, hyperphosphorylated RNA-binding protein TDP-43 are the pathological hallmark of most ALS cases and have been suggested to be a key aspect of ALS pathogenesis. Pharmacological induction of autophagy has been shown to reduce mutant TDP-43 aggregates and alleviate motor deficits in mice. TBK1 is exemplary for several other ALS genes that regulate autophagy. Consequently, we employed double mutant mice with both a heterozygous Tbk1 deletion and transgenic expression of human TDP-43G298S to test the hypothesis that impaired autophagy reduces intracellular clearance of an aggregation-prone protein and enhances toxicity of mutant TDP-43. The heterozygous deletion of Tbk1 did not change expression or cellular distribution of TDP-43 protein, motor neuron loss or reactive gliosis in the spinal cord of double-mutant mice at the age of 19 months. However, it aggravated muscle denervation and, albeit to a small and variable degree, motor dysfunction in TDP-43G298S transgenic mice, as similarly observed in the SOD1G93A transgenic mouse model for ALS before. Conclusively, our findings suggest that TBK1 mutations can affect the neuromuscular synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johannes Ulmer
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Clara Bruno
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Takashi Satoh
- Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - William Tsao
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | | | - Shizuo Akira
- Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Philip C Wong
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | | | - Karin M Danzer
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian S Lobsiger
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - David Brenner
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurology, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Jochen H Weishaupt
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurology, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.
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22
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Donde A, Sun M, Jeong YH, Wen X, Ling J, Lin S, Braunstein K, Nie S, Wang S, Chen L, Wong PC. Upregulation of ATG7 attenuates motor neuron dysfunction associated with depletion of TARDBP/TDP-43. Autophagy 2020; 16:672-682. [PMID: 31242080 PMCID: PMC7138241 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1635379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A shared neuropathological hallmark in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is nuclear clearance and cytoplasmic aggregation of TARDBP/TDP-43 (TAR DNA binding protein). We previously showed that the ability of TARDBP to repress nonconserved cryptic exons was impaired in brains of patients with ALS and FTD, suggesting that its nuclear depletion contributes to neurodegeneration. However, the critical pathways impacted by the failure to repress cryptic exons that may contribute to neurodegeneration remain undefined. Here, we report that transcriptome analysis of TARDBP-deficient neurons revealed downregulation of ATG7, a critical gene required for macroautophagy/autophagy. Mouse and Drosophila models lacking TARDBP/TBPH in motor neurons exhibiting age-dependent neurodegeneration and motor deficits showed reduction of ATG7 and accumulation of SQSTM1/p62 inclusions. Importantly, genetic upregulation of the autophagy pathway improved motor function and survival in TBPH-deficient flies. Together with our observation that ATG7 is reduced in ALS-FTD brain tissues, these findings identify the autophagy pathway as one key effector of nuclear depletion of TARDBP that contributes to neurodegeneration. We thus suggest that the autophagy pathway is a therapeutic target for ALS-FTD and other disorders exhibiting TARDBP pathology.Abbreviations: ALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; ANOVA: analysis of variance; ChAT: choline acetyltransferase; CTSD: cathepsin D; FTD: frontotemporal dementia; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; NMJ: neuromuscular junction; RBFOX3/NeuN: RNA binding fox-1 homolog 3; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TARDBP/TDP-43: TAR DNA binding protein 43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Donde
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mingkuan Sun
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yun Ha Jeong
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Korea
| | - Xinrui Wen
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Ling
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sophie Lin
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kerstin Braunstein
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shuke Nie
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sheng Wang
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liam Chen
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Philip C. Wong
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Müller HP, Brenner D, Roselli F, Wiesner D, Abaei A, Gorges M, Danzer KM, Ludolph AC, Tsao W, Wong PC, Rasche V, Weishaupt JH, Kassubek J. Longitudinal diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging analysis at the cohort level reveals disturbed cortical and callosal microstructure with spared corticospinal tract in the TDP-43 G298S ALS mouse model. Transl Neurodegener 2019; 8:27. [PMID: 31485326 PMCID: PMC6716821 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-019-0163-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In vivo diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the mouse brain was used to identify TDP-43 associated alterations in a mouse model for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods Ten mice with TDP-43 G298S overexpression under control of the Thy1.2 promoter and 10 wild type (wt) underwent longitudinal DTI scans at 11.7 T, including one baseline and one follow-up scan with an interval of about 5 months. Whole brain-based spatial statistics (WBSS) of DTI-based parameter maps was used to identify longitudinal alterations of TDP-43 G298S mice compared to wt at the cohort level. Results were supplemented by tractwise fractional anisotropy statistics (TFAS) and histological evaluation of motor cortex for signs of neuronal loss. Results Alterations at the cohort level in TDP-43 G298S mice were observed cross-sectionally and longitudinally in motor areas M1/M2 and in transcallosal fibers but not in the corticospinal tract. Neuronal loss in layer V of motor cortex was detected in TDP-43 G298S at the later (but not at the earlier) timepoint compared to wt. Conclusion DTI mapping of TDP-43 G298S mice demonstrated progression in motor areas M1/M2. WBSS and TFAS are useful techniques to localize TDP-43 G298S associated alterations over time in this ALS mouse model, as a biological marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Peter Müller
- 1Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, RKU, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - David Brenner
- 1Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, RKU, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Francesco Roselli
- 1Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, RKU, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.,2German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
| | - Diana Wiesner
- 1Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, RKU, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Alireza Abaei
- 3Core Facility Small Animal MRI, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Gorges
- 1Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, RKU, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Karin M Danzer
- 1Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, RKU, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Albert C Ludolph
- 1Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, RKU, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - William Tsao
- 4Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Philip C Wong
- 4Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Volker Rasche
- 3Core Facility Small Animal MRI, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jochen H Weishaupt
- 1Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, RKU, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Kassubek
- 1Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, RKU, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
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Xu J, Chen L, Wei Z, Chan K, Lu H, Wong PC, Van Zijl P, Li T. P2-367: DEVELOPMENT OF AN IMAGING BIOMARKER, SATURATION TRANSFER MRI, TO MONITOR TAU AGGREGATION IN A TAUOPATHY MOUSE MODEL. Alzheimers Dement 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.2774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiadi Xu
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
- Kennedy Krieger Institute; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Lin Chen
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Zhiliang Wei
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Kannie Chan
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
- City University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - Hangzhang Lu
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Philip C. Wong
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Peter Van Zijl
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Tong Li
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
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25
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Chen L, Wei Z, Chan K, Cai S, Liu G, Lu H, Wong PC, van Zijl PCM, Li T, Xu J. Protein aggregation linked to Alzheimer's disease revealed by saturation transfer MRI. Neuroimage 2019; 188:380-390. [PMID: 30553917 PMCID: PMC6401270 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to develop a molecular biomarker for the detection of protein aggregation involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) by exploiting the features of the water saturation transfer spectrum (Z-spectrum), the CEST signal of which is sensitive to the molecular configuration of proteins. A radial-sampling steady-state sequence based ultrashort echo time (UTE) readout was implemented to image the Z-spectrum in the mouse brain, especially the contributions from mobile proteins at the frequency offsets for the composite protein amide proton (+3.6 ppm) and aliphatic proton (-3.6 ppm) signals. Using a relatively weak radiofrequency (RF) saturation amplitude, contributions due to strong magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) from solid-like macromolecules and direct water saturation (DS) were minimized. For practical measure of the changes in the mobile protein configuration, we defined a saturation transfer difference (ΔST) by subtracting the Z-spectral signals at ±3.6 ppm from a control signal at 8 ppm. Phantom studies of glutamate solution, protein (egg white) and hair conditioner show the capability of the proposed scheme to minimize the contributions from amine protons, DS, and MTC, respectively. The ST signal at ±3.6 ppm of the cross-linked bovine serum albumin (BSA) solutions demonstrated that the ΔST signal can be used to monitor the aggregation process of the mobile proteins. High-resolution ΔST images of AD mouse brains at ±3.6 ppm of mouse brains showed significantly reduced ΔST (-3.6) signal compared to the age-matched wild-type (WT) mice. Thus, this signal has potential to serve as a molecular biomarker for monitoring protein aggregation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhiliang Wei
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kannie Chan
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuhui Cai
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guanshu Liu
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Philip C. Wong
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter C. M. van Zijl
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jiadi Xu
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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26
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Wong PC, Chan YC, Law Y, Cheng SWK. Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy in the treatment of acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis: a systematic review. Hong Kong Med J 2019; 25:48-57. [DOI: 10.12809/hkmj187491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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27
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Donde A, Wong PC, Chen LL. Challenges and Advances in Gene Therapy Approaches for Neurodegenerative Disorders. Curr Gene Ther 2018; 17:187-193. [PMID: 29034834 DOI: 10.2174/1566523217666171013124150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The recent approval of Spinraza (nusinersen), an antisense oligonucleotide, by U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat patients with spinal muscular atrophy, has reignited interests of researchers in designing and testing new gene therapy approaches to treat neurological disorders, in particular, to curb neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system which represent an ever-increasing public health burden to today's society. CONCLUSION This review highlights several key factors to be taken into consideration to design successful preclinical and clinical gene therapy experiments with respect to the vehicle of delivery and the route of administration to CNS-specific targets, with an additional focus on antisense oligonucleotide therapy and recent clinical trial developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Donde
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Philip C Wong
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Liam L Chen
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
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28
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Cai S, Natarajan P, Chan JKY, Wong PC, Tan KH, Godfrey KM, Gluckman PD, Shek LPC, Yap F, Kramer MS, Chan SY, Chong YS. Maternal hyperglycemia in singleton pregnancies conceived by IVF may be modified by first-trimester BMI. Hum Reprod 2018; 32:1941-1947. [PMID: 28854717 PMCID: PMC5638004 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does IVF independently increase the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and is this increase in risk modified by maternal body mass index? SUMMARY ANSWER IVF appears to be an independent risk factor for GDM and elevated blood glucose levels in overweight women (BMI > 25 kg/m2). WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY IVF has been associated with increased risk of GDM, but most previous studies did not adequately assess confounding or effect modification by other risk factors. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Cross-sectional study using data from 1089 women with singleton pregnancies who participated in a Singaporean birth cohort study (GUSTO) and received a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 26-28 weeks gestation. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS A total of 1089 women (n = 1013 conceived spontaneously, n = 76 conceived through IVF) with singleton pregnancies received a 75 g OGTT at 26-28 weeks gestation. Fasting and 2 h postprandial blood glucose levels were assayed. World Health Organization criteria (1999) standard criteria were used to classify GDM: ≥7.0 mmol/L for fasting and/or ≥7.8 mmol/L for 2-h postprandial plasma glucose levels, which was the clinical guideline in use during the study. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE IVF pregnancies had nearly double the odds of GDM (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.03-3.26) and elevated fasting (mean difference = 0.12 mmol/L, 95% CI: 0.00-0.24) and OGTT 2-h blood glucose levels (mean difference = 0.64 mmol/L, 95% CI: 0.27-1.01), after adjusting for commonly recognized risk factors for GDM. After stratification by first-trimester BMI, these increased risks of GDM (OR = 3.54, 95% CI: 1.44-8.72) and elevated fasting (mean difference = 0.39 mmol/L, 95% CI: 0.13-0.65) and 2-h blood (mean difference = 1.24 mmol/L, 95% CI: 0.56-1.91) glucose levels were significant only in the IVF group who is also overweight or obese (BMI > 25 kg/m2). LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION One limitation of our study is the absence of a 1 h post-OGTT plasma glucose sample, as we were using the 1999 WHO diagnostic criteria (the clinical guideline in Singapore) at the time of our study, instead of the revised 2013 WHO diagnostic criteria. Our cohort may not be representative of the general Singapore obstetric population, although participants were recruited from the two largest maternity hospitals in the country and include both private and subsidized patients. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS IVF appears to be an independent risk factor for GDM and elevated blood glucose levels in overweight women. Our findings reinforce the need to advise overweight or obese women contemplating IVF to lose weight before the procedure to reduce their risk of GDM and hyperglycemia-related adverse outcomes arising therefrom. In settings where universal GDM screening is not routine, overweight or obese women who conceive by IVF should be screened. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This research was supported by the Singapore National Research Foundation under its Translational and Clinical Research (TCR) Flagship Program and administered by the Singapore Ministry of Health's National Medical Research Council (NMRC), Singapore (NMRC/TCR/004-NUS/2008; NMRC/TCR/012-NUHS/2014). Additional funding was provided by the Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR). K.M.G. and Y.S.C. have received lecture fees from Nestle Nutrition Institute and Danone, respectively. K.M.G., Y.S.C. and S.Y.C. are part of an academic consortium that has received research funding from Abbott Nutrition, Nestec and Danone. The other authors have nothing to disclose. The other authors have nothing to disclose. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cai
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 12, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - P Natarajan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 12, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - J K Y Chan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - P C Wong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 12, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - K H Tan
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - K M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - P D Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 117609, Singapore.,Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - L P C Shek
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 117609, Singapore.,Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - F Yap
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - M S Kramer
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Canada QC H3A 1A2.,Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Canada QC H3G 2M1
| | - S Y Chan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 12, Singapore 119228, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Y S Chong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 12, Singapore 119228, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 117609, Singapore
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Wiesner D, Tar L, Linkus B, Chandrasekar A, Olde Heuvel F, Dupuis L, Tsao W, Wong PC, Ludolph A, Roselli F. Reversible induction of TDP-43 granules in cortical neurons after traumatic injury. Exp Neurol 2017; 299:15-25. [PMID: 28941811 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been proposed as a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To determine whether TBI might trigger or exacerbate ALS-relevant pathology, we delivered a mild stab-wound injury to the motor cortex of three different ALS mouse models expressing mutations in SOD1, TDP-43 or FUS and scrutinized the effects on the formation of phospho-TDP-43 (pTDP-43) cytoplasmic granules. Stab-injury induced the formation of cytoplasmic TDP-43 granules in wt animals, peaking at 3dpi; a much larger response was seen in mutant TDP-43 mice, whose response peaked at 7dpi. The pTDP-43 granules did not colocalize with the stress markers TIAR-1 and FUS but colocalized with FMRP (35%) and with p62 (65%), suggesting their involvement in transport granules and their clearance by autophagy. A similar, albeit smaller effect, was seen in mutant FUS mice. In the SOD1G93A mouse model, neither increase in pTDP-43 granules nor in SOD1 aggregates were detected. In all cases, pTDP-43 granules were cleared and the number of pTDP-43-positive neurons returned to baseline by 40dpi. Neither injury-related neuronal loss nor motor performance or survival was significantly different in transgenic mice receiving injury vs sham mice. Thus, trauma can trigger ALS-related TDP-43 pathology, the extent of which is modulated by ALS-related mutations. However, the pathological findings prove reversible and do not affect disease progression and neuronal vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Wiesner
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Ulm School of Medicine, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lilla Tar
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Ulm School of Medicine, Ulm, Germany
| | - Birgit Linkus
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Ulm School of Medicine, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Luc Dupuis
- Inserm U1118, Mécanismes centraux et périphétiques de la neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
| | - William Tsao
- Dept. of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Philip C Wong
- Dept. of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Albert Ludolph
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Ulm School of Medicine, Ulm, Germany
| | - Francesco Roselli
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Ulm School of Medicine, Ulm, Germany; Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Ulm School of Medicine, Germany.
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30
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Zhao M, Chen M, Tan ASC, Cheah FSH, Mathew J, Wong PC, Chong SS. Single-tube tetradecaplex panel of highly polymorphic microsatellite markers < 1 Mb from F8 for simplified preimplantation genetic diagnosis of hemophilia A. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:1473-1483. [PMID: 28345288 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) of severe hemophilia A relies on linkage analysis. Simultaneous multi-marker screening can simplify selection of informative markers in a couple. We developed a single-tube tetradecaplex panel of polymorphic markers for hemophilia A PGD use. Informative markers can be used for linkage analysis alone or combined with mutation detection. SUMMARY Background It is currently not possible to perform single-cell preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to directly detect the common inversion mutations of the factor VIII (F8) gene responsible for severe hemophilia A (HEMA). As such, PGD for such inversion carriers relies on indirect analysis of linked polymorphic markers. Objectives To simplify linkage-based PGD of HEMA, we aimed to develop a panel of highly polymorphic microsatellite markers located near the F8 gene that could be simultaneously genotyped in a multiplex-PCR reaction. Methods We assessed the polymorphism of various microsatellite markers located ≤ 1 Mb from F8 in 177 female subjects. Highly polymorphic markers were selected for co-amplification with the AMELX/Y indel dimorphism in a single-tube reaction. Results Thirteen microsatellite markers located within 0.6 Mb of F8 were successfully co-amplified with AMELX/Y in a single-tube reaction. Observed heterozygosities of component markers ranged from 0.43 to 0.84, and ∼70-80% of individuals were heterozygous for ≥ 5 markers. The tetradecaplex panel successfully identified fully informative markers in a couple interested in PGD for HEMA because of an intragenic F8 point mutation, with haplotype phasing established through a carrier daughter. In-vitro fertilization (IVF)-PGD involved single-tube co-amplification of fully informative markers with AMELX/Y and the mutation-containing F8 amplicon, followed by microsatellite analysis and amplicon mutation-site minisequencing analysis. Conclusions The single-tube multiplex-PCR format of this highly polymorphic microsatellite marker panel simplifies identification and selection of informative markers for linkage-based PGD of HEMA. Informative markers can also be easily co-amplified with mutation-containing F8 amplicons for combined mutation detection and linkage analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - M Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - A S C Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
- Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis Center, Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - F S H Cheah
- Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis Center, Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - J Mathew
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinic for Human Reproduction, National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - P C Wong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinic for Human Reproduction, National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - S S Chong
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
- Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis Center, Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore
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31
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Sun M, Bell W, LaClair KD, Ling JP, Han H, Kageyama Y, Pletnikova O, Troncoso JC, Wong PC, Chen LL. Cryptic exon incorporation occurs in Alzheimer's brain lacking TDP-43 inclusion but exhibiting nuclear clearance of TDP-43. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 133:923-931. [PMID: 28332094 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-017-1701-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal accumulation of TDP-43 into cytoplasmic or nuclear inclusions with accompanying nuclear clearance, a common pathology initially identified in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), has also been found in Alzheimer' disease (AD). TDP-43 serves as a splicing repressor of nonconserved cryptic exons and that such function is compromised in brains of ALS and FTD patients, suggesting that nuclear clearance of TDP-43 underlies its inability to repress cryptic exons. However, whether TDP-43 cytoplasmic aggregates are a prerequisite for the incorporation of cryptic exons is not known. Here, we assessed hippocampal tissues from 34 human postmortem brains including cases with confirmed diagnosis of AD neuropathologic changes along with age-matched controls. We found that cryptic exon incorporation occurred in all AD cases exhibiting TDP-43 pathology. Furthermore, incorporation of cryptic exons was observed in the hippocampus when TDP-43 inclusions was restricted only to the amygdala, the earliest stage of TDP-43 progression. Importantly, cryptic exon incorporation could be detected in AD brains lacking TDP-43 inclusion but exhibiting nuclear clearance of TDP-43. These data supports the notion that the functional consequence of nuclear depletion of TDP-43 as determined by cryptic exon incorporation likely occurs as an early event of TDP-43 proteinopathy and may have greater contribution to the pathogenesis of AD than currently appreciated. Early detection and effective repression of cryptic exons in AD patients may offer important diagnostic and therapeutic implications for this devastating illness of the elderly.
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32
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Li TH, Wong PC, Chang SF, Tsai PH, Jang JSC, Huang JC. Biocompatibility study on Ni-free Ti-based and Zr-based bulk metallic glasses. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2017; 75:1-6. [PMID: 28415381 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Safety and reliability are crucial issues for medical instruments and implants. In the past few decays, bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) have drawn attentions due to their superior mechanical properties, good corrosion resistance, antibacterial and good biocompatibility. However, most Zr-based and Ti-based BMGs contain Ni as an important element which is prone to human allergy problem. In this study, the Ni-free Ti-based and Zr-based BMGs, Ti40Zr10Cu36Pd14, and Zr48Cu36Al8Ag8, were selected for systematical evaluation of their biocompatibility. Several biocompatibility tests, co-cultural with L929 murine fibroblast cell line, were carried out on these two BMGs, as well as the comparison samples of Ti6Al4V and pure Cu. The results in terms of cellular adhesion, cytotoxicity, and metallic ion release affection reveal that the Ti40Zr10Cu36Pd14 BMG and Ti6Al4V exhibit the optimum biocompatibility; cells still being attached on the petri dish with good adhesion and exhibiting the spindle shape after direct contact test. Furthermore, the Ti40Zr10Cu36Pd14 BMG showed very low Cu ion release level, in agreement with the MTT results. Based on the current findings, it is believed that Ni-free Ti-based BMG can act as an ideal candidate for medical implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Li
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - P C Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S F Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - P H Tsai
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - J S C Jang
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - J C Huang
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Jeong YH, Ling JP, Lin SZ, Donde AN, Braunstein KE, Majounie E, Traynor BJ, LaClair KD, Lloyd TE, Wong PC. Tdp-43 cryptic exons are highly variable between cell types. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:13. [PMID: 28153034 PMCID: PMC5289002 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-016-0144-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TDP-43 proteinopathy is a prominent pathological feature that occurs in a number of human diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and inclusion body myositis (IBM). Our recent finding that TDP-43 represses nonconserved cryptic exons led us to ask whether cell type-specific cryptic exons could exist to impact unique molecular pathways in brain or muscle. METHODS In the present work, we investigated TDP-43's function in various mouse tissues to model disease pathogenesis. We generated mice to conditionally delete TDP-43 in excitatory neurons or skeletal myocytes and identified the cell type-specific cryptic exons associated with TDP-43 loss of function. RESULTS Comparative analysis of nonconserved cryptic exons in various mouse cell types revealed that only some cryptic exons were common amongst stem cells, neurons, and myocytes; the majority of these nonconserved cryptic exons were cell type-specific. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that in human disease, TDP-43 loss of function may impair cell type-specific pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ha Jeong
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
- Neural Development and Disease Department, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 701-300 South Korea
| | - Jonathan P. Ling
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Sophie Z. Lin
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Aneesh N. Donde
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
- Departments of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Kerstin E. Braunstein
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Elisa Majounie
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
- Present address: Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ UK
| | - Bryan J. Traynor
- Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Katherine D. LaClair
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Thomas E. Lloyd
- Departments of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
- Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Philip C. Wong
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
- Departments of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
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Bedont JL, LeGates TA, Buhr E, Bathini A, Ling JP, Bell B, Wu MN, Wong PC, Van Gelder RN, Mongrain V, Hattar S, Blackshaw S. An LHX1-Regulated Transcriptional Network Controls Sleep/Wake Coupling and Thermal Resistance of the Central Circadian Clockworks. Curr Biol 2016; 27:128-136. [PMID: 28017605 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the central circadian clock in mammals. It is entrained by light but resistant to temperature shifts that entrain peripheral clocks [1-5]. The SCN expresses many functionally important neuropeptides, including vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), which drives light entrainment, synchrony, and amplitude of SCN cellular clocks and organizes circadian behavior [5-16]. The transcription factor LHX1 drives SCN Vip expression, and cellular desynchrony in Lhx1-deficient SCN largely results from Vip loss [17, 18]. LHX1 regulates many genes other than Vip, yet activity rhythms in Lhx1-deficient mice are similar to Vip-/- mice under light-dark cycles and only somewhat worse in constant conditions. We suspected that LHX1 targets other than Vip have circadian functions overlooked in previous studies. In this study, we compared circadian sleep and temperature rhythms of Lhx1- and Vip-deficient mice and found loss of acute light control of sleep in Lhx1 but not Vip mutants. We also found loss of circadian resistance to fever in Lhx1 but not Vip mice, which was partially recapitulated by heat application to cultured Lhx1-deficient SCN. Having identified VIP-independent functions of LHX1, we mapped the VIP-independent transcriptional network downstream of LHX1 and a largely separable VIP-dependent transcriptional network. The VIP-independent network does not affect core clock amplitude and synchrony, unlike the VIP-dependent network. These studies identify Lhx1 as the first gene required for temperature resistance of the SCN clockworks and demonstrate that acute light control of sleep is routed through the SCN and its immediate output regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Bedont
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Tara A LeGates
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Ethan Buhr
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Abhijith Bathini
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jonathan P Ling
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Benjamin Bell
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Mark N Wu
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Philip C Wong
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | | | - Valerie Mongrain
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Samer Hattar
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Seth Blackshaw
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Center for Human Systems Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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Li T, Braunstein KE, Zhang J, Lau A, Sibener L, Deeble C, Wong PC. The neuritic plaque facilitates pathological conversion of tau in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12082. [PMID: 27373369 PMCID: PMC4932197 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A central question in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is whether the neuritic plaque is necessary and sufficient for the development of tau pathology. Hyperphosphorylation of tau is found within dystrophic neurites surrounding β-amyloid deposits in AD mouse models but the pathological conversion of tau is absent. Likewise, expression of a human tau repeat domain in mice is insufficient to drive the pathological conversion of tau. Here we developed an Aβ-amyloidosis mouse model that expresses the human tau repeat domain and show that in these mice, the neuritic plaque facilitates the pathological conversion of wild-type tau. We show that this tau fragment seeds the neuritic plaque-dependent pathological conversion of wild-type tau that spreads from the cortex and hippocampus to the brain stem. These results establish that in addition to the neuritic plaque, a second determinant is required to drive the conversion of wild-type tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Kerstin E Braunstein
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Juhong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Ashley Lau
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Leslie Sibener
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Christopher Deeble
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Philip C Wong
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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El Oussini H, Bayer H, Scekic-Zahirovic J, Vercruysse P, Sinniger J, Dirrig-Grosch S, Dieterlé S, Echaniz-Laguna A, Larmet Y, Müller K, Weishaupt JH, Thal DR, van Rheenen W, van Eijk K, Lawson R, Monassier L, Maroteaux L, Roumier A, Wong PC, van den Berg LH, Ludolph AC, Veldink JH, Witting A, Dupuis L. Serotonin 2B receptor slows disease progression and prevents degeneration of spinal cord mononuclear phagocytes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol 2016; 131:465-80. [PMID: 26744351 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1534-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are the resident mononuclear phagocytes of the central nervous system and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). During neurodegeneration, microglial activation is accompanied by infiltration of circulating monocytes, leading to production of multiple inflammatory mediators in the spinal cord. Degenerative alterations in mononuclear phagocytes are commonly observed during neurodegenerative diseases, yet little is known concerning the mechanisms leading to their degeneration, or the consequences on disease progression. Here we observed that the serotonin 2B receptor (5-HT2B), a serotonin receptor expressed in microglia, is upregulated in the spinal cord of three different transgenic mouse models of ALS. In mutant SOD1 mice, this upregulation was restricted to cells positive for CD11b, a marker of mononuclear phagocytes. Ablation of 5-HT2B receptor in transgenic ALS mice expressing mutant SOD1 resulted in increased degeneration of mononuclear phagocytes, as evidenced by fragmentation of Iba1-positive cellular processes. This was accompanied by decreased expression of key neuroinflammatory genes but also loss of expression of homeostatic microglial genes. Importantly, the dramatic effect of 5-HT2B receptor ablation on mononuclear phagocytes was associated with acceleration of disease progression. To determine the translational relevance of these results, we studied polymorphisms in the human HTR2B gene, which encodes the 5-HT2B receptor, in a large cohort of ALS patients. In this cohort, the C allele of SNP rs10199752 in HTR2B was associated with longer survival. Moreover, patients carrying one copy of the C allele of SNP rs10199752 showed increased 5-HT2B mRNA in spinal cord and displayed less pronounced degeneration of Iba1 positive cells than patients carrying two copies of the more common A allele. Thus, the 5-HT2B receptor limits degeneration of spinal cord mononuclear phagocytes, most likely microglia, and slows disease progression in ALS. Targeting this receptor might be therapeutically useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer El Oussini
- INSERM UMR-S1118, Faculté de Médecine, bat 3, 8e etage, 11 rue Humann, 67085, Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hanna Bayer
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jelena Scekic-Zahirovic
- INSERM UMR-S1118, Faculté de Médecine, bat 3, 8e etage, 11 rue Humann, 67085, Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pauline Vercruysse
- INSERM UMR-S1118, Faculté de Médecine, bat 3, 8e etage, 11 rue Humann, 67085, Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jérôme Sinniger
- INSERM UMR-S1118, Faculté de Médecine, bat 3, 8e etage, 11 rue Humann, 67085, Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvie Dirrig-Grosch
- INSERM UMR-S1118, Faculté de Médecine, bat 3, 8e etage, 11 rue Humann, 67085, Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphane Dieterlé
- INSERM UMR-S1118, Faculté de Médecine, bat 3, 8e etage, 11 rue Humann, 67085, Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Andoni Echaniz-Laguna
- INSERM UMR-S1118, Faculté de Médecine, bat 3, 8e etage, 11 rue Humann, 67085, Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
- Neurology Department, Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yves Larmet
- INSERM UMR-S1118, Faculté de Médecine, bat 3, 8e etage, 11 rue Humann, 67085, Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kathrin Müller
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Dietmar R Thal
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neuroscience, KU-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wouter van Rheenen
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kristel van Eijk
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Lawson
- Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
- Neurology Department, Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurent Monassier
- Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
- Neurology Department, Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Luc Maroteaux
- Inserm, UMR-S839, Paris, 75005, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR-S839, Paris, 75005, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Anne Roumier
- Inserm, UMR-S839, Paris, 75005, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR-S839, Paris, 75005, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Philip C Wong
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Leonard H van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan H Veldink
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Witting
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Luc Dupuis
- INSERM UMR-S1118, Faculté de Médecine, bat 3, 8e etage, 11 rue Humann, 67085, Strasbourg Cedex, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France.
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Abstract
Cytoplasmic aggregation of TDP-43, accompanied by its nuclear clearance, is a key common pathological hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (ALS-FTD). However, a limited understanding of this RNA-binding protein (RBP) impedes the clarification of pathogenic mechanisms underlying TDP-43 proteinopathy. In contrast to RBPs that regulate splicing of conserved exons, we found that TDP-43 repressed the splicing of nonconserved cryptic exons, maintaining intron integrity. When TDP-43 was depleted from mouse embryonic stem cells, these cryptic exons were spliced into messenger RNAs, often disrupting their translation and promoting nonsense-mediated decay. Moreover, enforced repression of cryptic exons prevented cell death in TDP-43-deficient cells. Furthermore, repression of cryptic exons was impaired in ALS-FTD cases, suggesting that this splicing defect could potentially underlie TDP-43 proteinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Ling
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2196, USA
| | - Olga Pletnikova
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2196, USA
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2196, USA. Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2196, USA
| | - Philip C Wong
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2196, USA. Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2196, USA.
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Loh SF, Agarwal R, Chan JK, Chia SJ, Cho LW, Lim LH, Lau MSK, Loh SKE, Hendricks MS, Nair S, Quah JHM, Tan HH, Wong PC, Yeong CT, Yu SL. Academy of Medicine-Ministry of Health Clinical Practice Guidelines: assessment and management of infertility at primary healthcare level. Singapore Med J 2015; 55:58-65; quiz 66. [PMID: 24570313 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2014016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Academy of Medicine (AMS) and Ministry of Health (MOH) have developed the clinical practice guidelines on Assessment and Management of Infertility at Primary Healthcare Level to provide doctors and patients in Singapore with evidence-based treatment for infertility. This article reproduces the introduction and executive summary (with recommendations from the guidelines) from the AMS-MOH clinical practice guidelines on Assessment and Management of Infertility at Primary Healthcare Level, for the information of SMJ readers. Chapters and page numbers mentioned in the reproduced extract refer to the full text of the guidelines, which are available from the Ministry of Health website: http://www.moh.gov.sg/content/moh_web/healthprofessionalsportal/doctors/guidelines/cpg_medical/2013/cpgmed_infertility.html. The recommendations should be used with reference to the full text of the guidelines. Following this article are multiple choice questions based on the full text of the guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Feei Loh
- The O&G Specialist Clinic, #05-06, Thomson Medical Centre, 339 Thomson Road, Singapore 307677.
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Ross RD, Brook M, Feinstein JA, Koenig P, Lang P, Spicer R, Vincent JA, Lewis AB, Martin GR, Bartz PJ, Fischbach PS, Fulton DR, Matherne GP, Reinking B, Srivastava S, Printz B, Geva T, Shirali GS, Weinberg P, Wong PC, Armsby LB, Vincent RN, Foerster SR, Holzer RJ, Moore JW, Marshall AC, Latson L, Dubin AM, Walsh EP, Franklin W, Kanter RJ, Saul JP, Shah MJ, Van Hare GF, Feltes TF, Roth SJ, Almodovar MC, Andropoulos DB, Bohn DJ, Costello JM, Gajarski RJ, Mott AR, Stout K, Valente AM, Cook S, Gurvitz M, Saidi A, Webber SA, Hsu DT, Ivy DD, Kulik TJ, Pahl E, Rosenthal DN, Morrow R, Mahle WT, Murphy AM, Li JS, Law YM, Newburger JW, Daniels SR, Bernstein D, Marino BS. 2015 SPCTPD/ACC/AAP/AHA Training Guidelines for Pediatric Cardiology Fellowship Programs (Revision of the 2005 Training Guidelines for Pediatric Cardiology Fellowship Programs). J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66:S0735-1097(15)00809-8. [PMID: 25777637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wiesner D, Sinniger J, Henriques A, Dieterlé S, Müller HP, Rasche V, Ferger B, Dirrig-Grosch S, Soylu-Kucharz R, Petersén A, Walther P, Linkus B, Kassubek J, Wong PC, Ludolph AC, Dupuis L. Low dietary protein content alleviates motor symptoms in mice with mutant dynactin/dynein-mediated neurodegeneration. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:2228-40. [PMID: 25552654 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in components of the molecular motor dynein/dynactin lead to neurodegenerative diseases of the motor system or atypical parkinsonism. These mutations are associated with prominent accumulation of vesicles involved in autophagy and lysosomal pathways, and with protein inclusions. Whether alleviating these defects would affect motor symptoms remain unknown. Here, we show that a mouse model expressing low levels of disease linked-G59S mutant dynactin p150(Glued) develops motor dysfunction >8 months before loss of motor neurons or dopaminergic degeneration is observed. Abnormal accumulation of autophagosomes and protein inclusions were efficiently corrected by lowering dietary protein content, and this was associated with transcriptional upregulations of key players in autophagy. Most importantly this dietary modification partially rescued overall neurological symptoms in these mice after onset. Similar observations were made in another mouse strain carrying a point mutation in the dynein heavy chain gene. Collectively, our data suggest that stimulating the autophagy/lysosomal system through appropriate nutritional intervention has significant beneficial effects on motor symptoms of dynein/dynactin diseases even after symptom onset.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jérome Sinniger
- Inserm U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg F-67085, France, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle (FMTS), UMRS1118, Strasbourg F-67085, France
| | - Alexandre Henriques
- Inserm U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg F-67085, France, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle (FMTS), UMRS1118, Strasbourg F-67085, France
| | - Stéphane Dieterlé
- Inserm U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg F-67085, France, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle (FMTS), UMRS1118, Strasbourg F-67085, France
| | | | | | - Boris Ferger
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Sylvie Dirrig-Grosch
- Inserm U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg F-67085, France, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle (FMTS), UMRS1118, Strasbourg F-67085, France
| | - Rana Soylu-Kucharz
- Translational Neuroendocrine Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden and
| | - Asa Petersén
- Translational Neuroendocrine Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden and
| | - Paul Walther
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Philip C Wong
- Department of Pathology and Neuroscience and Division of Neuropathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - Luc Dupuis
- Inserm U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg F-67085, France, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle (FMTS), UMRS1118, Strasbourg F-67085, France,
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Li G, Xie ZZ, Chua JMW, Wong PC, Bian J. Hydrogen sulfide protects testicular germ cells against heat-induced injury. Nitric Oxide 2014; 46:165-71. [PMID: 25446250 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to investigate whether H2S can protect testicular germ cells against heat exposure induced injury and the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS It was found that all three H2S generating enzymes, cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine γ-lysase (CSE), and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3 MST), were expressed in mouse testicular tissue. Three episodes of heat exposure (42 °C, 30 min/day, 3 days) significantly decreased endogenous H2S production and down-regulated the expression of CBS and CSE in testes. In primary cultured testicular germ cells, exogenous application of NaHS (an H2S donor) attenuated heat stress (42 °C, 30 min) induced cell death and apoptosis. This was mediated by the inhibitory effects of H2S on cytochrome C release and the ratio of the Bax/Bcl-2. NaHS also improved mitochondrial function by decreasing oxygen consumption and increasing ATP production. NaHS treatment also stimulated SOD activity and reduced ROS production. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed both physiological and pharmacological roles of H2S in testicular germ cells. Exogenous application of H2S may protect germ cells by preservation of mitochondrial function and stimulation of anti-oxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Zhi-Zhong Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Jason M W Chua
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - P C Wong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Jinsong Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
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Vassar R, Kuhn PH, Haass C, Kennedy ME, Rajendran L, Wong PC, Lichtenthaler SF. Function, therapeutic potential and cell biology of BACE proteases: current status and future prospects. J Neurochem 2014; 130:4-28. [PMID: 24646365 PMCID: PMC4086641 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The β-site APP cleaving enzymes 1 and 2 (BACE1 and BACE2) were initially identified as transmembrane aspartyl proteases cleaving the amyloid precursor protein (APP). BACE1 is a major drug target for Alzheimer's disease because BACE1-mediated cleavage of APP is the first step in the generation of the pathogenic amyloid-β peptides. BACE1, which is highly expressed in the nervous system, is also required for myelination by cleaving neuregulin 1. Several recent proteomic and in vivo studies using BACE1- and BACE2-deficient mice demonstrate a much wider range of physiological substrates and functions for both proteases within and outside of the nervous system. For BACE1 this includes axon guidance, neurogenesis, muscle spindle formation, and neuronal network functions, whereas BACE2 was shown to be involved in pigmentation and pancreatic β-cell function. This review highlights the recent progress in understanding cell biology, substrates, and functions of BACE proteases and discusses the therapeutic options and potential mechanism-based liabilities, in particular for BACE inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease. The protease BACE1 is a major drug target in Alzheimer disease. Together with its homolog BACE2, both proteases have an increasing number of functions within and outside of the nervous system. This review highlights recent progress in understanding cell biology, substrates, and functions of BACE proteases and discusses the therapeutic options and potential mechanism-based liabilities, in particular for BACE inhibitors in Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Vassar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg University School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Peer-Hendrik Kuhn
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Haass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Adolf-Butenandt Institute, Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthew E. Kennedy
- Neurosciences, Merck Research Labs, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lawrence Rajendran
- Systems and Cell Biology of Neurodegeneration, Division of Psychiatry Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Graduate programs of the Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology and Zurich Neuroscience Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philip C. Wong
- Departments of Pathology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stefan F. Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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Lewis KC, Meehan KB, Tillman JG, Cain NM, Wong PC, Clemence AJ, Stevens J. Impact of Object Relations and Impulsivity On Persistent Suicidal Behavior. J Am Psychoanal Assoc 2014; 62:485-492. [PMID: 24973388 DOI: 10.1177/0003065114539007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katie C Lewis
- Department of Psychology, Long Island University; Department of Psychiatry, Albany Medical Center
| | | | | | | | | | - A Jill Clemence
- Department of Psychiatry, Albany Medical Center; Erikson Institute, Austen Riggs Center
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Wang H, Megill A, Wong PC, Kirkwood A, Lee HK. Postsynaptic target specific synaptic dysfunctions in the CA3 area of BACE1 knockout mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92279. [PMID: 24637500 PMCID: PMC3956924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), a major neuronal β-secretase critical for the formation of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide, is considered one of the key therapeutic targets that can prevent the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although a complete ablation of BACE1 gene prevents Aβ formation, we previously reported that BACE1 knockouts (KOs) display presynaptic deficits, especially at the mossy fiber (MF) to CA3 synapses. Whether the defect is specific to certain inputs or postsynaptic targets in CA3 is unknown. To determine this, we performed whole-cell recording from pyramidal cells (PYR) and the stratum lucidum (SL) interneurons in the CA3, both of which receive excitatory MF terminals with high levels of BACE1 expression. BACE1 KOs displayed an enhancement of paired-pulse facilitation at the MF inputs to CA3 PYRs without changes at the MF inputs to SL interneurons, which suggests postsynaptic target specific regulation. The synaptic dysfunction in CA3 PYRs was not restricted to excitatory synapses, as seen by an increase in the paired-pulse ratio of evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents from SL to CA3 PYRs. In addition to the changes in evoked synaptic transmission, BACE1 KOs displayed a reduction in the frequency of miniature excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs and mIPSCs) in CA3 PYRs without alteration in mEPSCs recorded from SL interneurons. This suggests that the impairment may be more global across diverse inputs to CA3 PYRs. Our results indicate that the synaptic dysfunctions seen in BACE1 KOs are specific to the postsynaptic target, the CA3 PYRs, independent of the input type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrea Megill
- Department of Neuroscience, Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Philip C. Wong
- Department of Pathology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alfredo Kirkwood
- Department of Neuroscience, Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hey-Kyoung Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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45
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Haidet-Phillips AM, Gross SK, Williams T, Tuteja A, Sherman A, Ko M, Jeong YH, Wong PC, Maragakis NJ. Altered astrocytic expression of TDP-43 does not influence motor neuron survival. Exp Neurol 2013; 250:250-9. [PMID: 24120466 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of glia as a contributing factor to motor neuron (MN) death in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is becoming increasingly appreciated. However, most studies implicating astrocytes have focused solely on models of ALS caused by superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mutations. The goal of our study was to determine whether astrocytes contribute to wild-type MN death in the case of ALS caused by mutations in tar-DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43). Since it is currently unknown how TDP-43 mutations cause disease, we derived astrocytes for study from both gain and loss of function mouse models of TDP-43. Astrocytes overexpressing mutant TDP-43(A315T) as well as astrocytes lacking TDP-43 were morphologically indistinguishable from wild-type astrocytes in vitro. Furthermore, astrocytes with these TDP-43 alterations did not cause the death of wild-type MNs in co-culture. To investigate the in vivo effects of TDP-43 alterations in astrocytes, glial-restricted precursors were transplanted to the wild-type rat spinal cord where they differentiated into astrocytes and interacted with host MNs. Astrocytes with TDP-43 alterations did not cause host wild-type MN damage although they were capable of engrafting and interacting with host MNs with the same efficiency as wild-type astrocytes. These data indicate that astrocytes do not adopt the same toxic phenotype as mutant SOD1 astrocytes when TDP-43 is mutated or expression levels are modified. Our study reinforces the heterogeneity in ALS disease mechanisms and highlights the potential for future screening subsets of ALS patients prior to treatment with cell type-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Haidet-Phillips
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Rangos 248, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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LaClair KD, Manaye KF, Lee DL, Allard JS, Savonenko AV, Troncoso JC, Wong PC. Treatment with bexarotene, a compound that increases apolipoprotein-E, provides no cognitive benefit in mutant APP/PS1 mice. Mol Neurodegener 2013; 8:18. [PMID: 23764200 PMCID: PMC3693923 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-8-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Though the precise cause(s) of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remain unknown, there is strong evidence that decreased clearance of β-amyloid (Aβ) from the brain can contribute to the disease. Therapeutic strategies to promote natural Aβ clearance mechanisms, such as the protein apolipoprotein-E (APOE), hold promise for the treatment of AD. The amount of APOE in the brain is regulated by nuclear receptors including retinoid X receptors (RXRs). Drugs that activate RXRs, including bexarotene, can increase APOE and ABCA1 production, and have been shown to decrease the Aβ burden and improve cognition in mouse models of Aβ amyloidosis. Although recent bexarotene studies failed to replicate the rapid clearance of Aβ from brains, behavioral and cognitive effects of this compound remain controversial. Findings In efforts to clarify these behavioral findings, mutant APP/PS1 mice were acutely dosed with bexarotene. While ABCA1 was upregulated in mutant APP/PS1 mice treated with bexarotene, this drug failed to attenuate Aβ plaques or cognitive deficits in these mice. Conclusions We recommend rigorous preclinical study to evaluate the mechanism and utility of such a compound for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine D LaClair
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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47
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Hatzimanolis A, McGrath JA, Wang R, Li T, Wong PC, Nestadt G, Wolyniec PS, Valle D, Pulver AE, Avramopoulos D. Multiple variants aggregate in the neuregulin signaling pathway in a subset of schizophrenia patients. Transl Psychiatry 2013; 3:e264. [PMID: 23715299 PMCID: PMC3669920 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2013.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the strongly held view that schizophrenia (SZ) shows substantial genetic heterogeneity, pathway heterogeneity, as seen in cancer where different pathways are affected in similar tumors, has not been explored. We explore this possibility in a case-only study of the neuregulin signaling pathway (NSP), which has been prominently implicated in SZ and for which there is detailed knowledge on the ligand- and receptor-processing steps through β- and γ-secretase cleavage. We hypothesize that more than one damaging variants in the NSP genes might be necessary to cause disease, leading to an apparent clustering of such variants in only the few patients with affected NSP. We analyze linkage and next-generation sequencing results for the genes encoding components of the pathway, including NRG1, NRG3, ERBB4, β-secretase and the γ-secretase complex. We find multiple independent examples of supporting evidence for this hypothesis: (i) increased linkage scores over NSP genes, (ii) multiple positive interlocus correlations of linkage scores across families suggesting each family is linked to either many or none of the genes, (iii) aggregation of predicted damaging variants in a subset of individuals and (iv) significant phenotypic differences of the subset of patients carrying such variants. Collectively, our data strongly support the hypothesis that the NSP is affected by multiple damaging variants in a subset of phenotypically distinct patients. On the basis of this, we propose a general model of pathway heterogeneity in SZ, which, in part, may explain its phenotypic variability and genetic complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hatzimanolis
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J A McGrath
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T Li
- Departments of Pathology, Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - P C Wong
- Departments of Pathology, Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - G Nestadt
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - P S Wolyniec
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D Valle
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A E Pulver
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D Avramopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Broadway Research Building Room 509, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. E-mail:
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Tsao W, Jeong YH, Lin S, Ling J, Price DL, Chiang PM, Wong PC. Rodent models of TDP-43: recent advances. Brain Res 2012; 1462:26-39. [PMID: 22608070 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, missense mutations in the gene TARDBP encoding TDP-43 have been linked to familial ALS. The discovery of genes encoding these RNA binding proteins, such as TDP-43 and FUS/TLS, raised the notion that altered RNA metabolism is a major factor underlying the pathogenesis of ALS. To begin to unravel how mutations in TDP-43 cause dysfunction and death of motor neurons, investigators have employed both gain- and loss-of-function studies in rodent model systems. Here, we will summarize major findings from the initial sets of TDP-43 transgenic and knockout rodent models, identify their limitations, and point to future directions toward clarification of disease mechanism(s) and testing of therapeutic strategies that ultimately may lead to novel therapy for this devastating disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled RNA-Binding Proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Tsao
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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49
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Wu J, Petralia RS, Kurushima H, Patel H, Jung MY, Volk L, Chowdhury S, Shepherd JD, Dehoff M, Li Y, Kuhl D, Huganir RL, Price DL, Scannevin R, Troncoso JC, Wong PC, Worley PF. Arc/Arg3.1 regulates an endosomal pathway essential for activity-dependent β-amyloid generation. Cell 2011; 147:615-28. [PMID: 22036569 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Assemblies of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides are pathological mediators of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and are produced by the sequential cleavages of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β-secretase (BACE1) and γ-secretase. The generation of Aβ is coupled to neuronal activity, but the molecular basis is unknown. Here, we report that the immediate early gene Arc is required for activity-dependent generation of Aβ. Arc is a postsynaptic protein that recruits endophilin2/3 and dynamin to early/recycling endosomes that traffic AMPA receptors to reduce synaptic strength in both hebbian and non-hebbian forms of plasticity. The Arc-endosome also traffics APP and BACE1, and Arc physically associates with presenilin1 (PS1) to regulate γ-secretase trafficking and confer activity dependence. Genetic deletion of Arc reduces Aβ load in a transgenic mouse model of AD. In concert with the finding that patients with AD can express anomalously high levels of Arc, we hypothesize that Arc participates in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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50
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Li T, Li YM, Ahn K, Price DL, Sisodia SS, Wong PC. Increased expression of PS1 is sufficient to elevate the level and activity of γ-secretase in vivo. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28179. [PMID: 22140537 PMCID: PMC3226664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increase in the generation and deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) plays a central role in the development of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Elevation of the activity of γ-secretase, a key enzyme required for the generation for Aβ, can thus be a potential risk factor in AD. However, it is not known whether γ-secretase can be upregulated in vivo. While in vitro studies showed that expression of all four components of γ-secretase (Nicastrin, Presenilin, Pen-2 and Aph-1) are required for upregulation of γ-secretase, it remains to be established as to whether this is true in vivo. To investigate whether overexpressing a single component of the γ-secretase complex is sufficient to elevate its level and activity in the brain, we analyzed transgenic mice expressing either wild type or familial AD (fAD) associated mutant PS1. In contrast to cell culture studies, overexpression of either wild type or mutant PS1 is sufficient to increase levels of Nicastrin and Pen-2, and elevate the level of active γ-secretase complex, enzymatic activity of γ-secretase and the deposition of Aβ in brains of mice. Importantly, γ-secretase comprised of mutant PS1 is less active than that of wild type PS1-containing γ-secretase; however, γ-secretase comprised of mutant PS1 cleaves at the Aβ42 site of APP-CTFs more efficiently than at the Aβ40 site, resulting in greater accumulation of Aβ deposits in the brain. Our data suggest that whereas fAD-linked PS1 mutants cause early onset disease, upregulation of PS1/γ-secretase activity may be a risk factor for late onset sporadic AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
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