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Torres AS, Robison MK, McClure SM, Brewer GA. The influence of transcranial direct current stimulation to the trigeminal nerve on attention and arousal. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2024; 24:860-880. [PMID: 39107465 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-024-01205-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
One mechanism by which transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been proposed to improve attention is by transcutaneous stimulation of cranial nerves, thereby activating the locus coeruleus (LC). Specifically, placement of the electrodes over the frontal bone and mastoid is thought to facilitate current flow across the face as a path of least resistance. The face is innervated by the trigeminal nerve, and the trigeminal nerve is interconnected with the LC. In this study, we tested whether stimulating the trigeminal nerve impacts indices of LC activity and performance on a sustained attention task. We replicated previous research that shows deterioration in task performance, increases in the rate of task-unrelated thoughts, and reduced pupil responses due to time on task irrespective of tDCS condition (sham, anodal, and cathodal stimulation). Importantly, tDCS did not influence pupil dynamics (pretrial or stimulus-evoked), self-reported attention state, nor task performance in active versus sham stimulation conditions. The findings reported here are consistent with theories about arousal centered on a hypothesized link between LC activity indexed by pupil size, task performance, and self-reported attention state but fail to support hypotheses that tDCS over the trigeminal nerve influences indices of LC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis S Torres
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Matthew K Robison
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Samuel M McClure
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Gene A Brewer
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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2
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Movassaghi CS, Alcañiz Fillol M, Kishida KT, McCarty G, Sombers LA, Wassum KM, Andrews AM. Maximizing Electrochemical Information: A Perspective on Background-Inclusive Fast Voltammetry. Anal Chem 2024; 96:6097-6105. [PMID: 38597398 PMCID: PMC11044109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
This perspective encompasses a focused review of the literature leading to a tipping point in electroanalytical chemistry. We tie together the threads of a "revolution" quietly in the making for years through the work of many authors. Long-held misconceptions about the use of background subtraction in fast voltammetry are addressed. We lay out future advantages that accompany background-inclusive voltammetry, particularly when paired with modern machine-learning algorithms for data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron S. Movassaghi
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Miguel Alcañiz Fillol
- Interuniversity
Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development, Universitat Politècnica de València-Universitat
de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Kenneth T. Kishida
- Department
of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest
School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101, United States
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101, United States
| | - Gregory McCarty
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Leslie A. Sombers
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Comparative
Medicine Institute, North Carolina State
University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Kate M. Wassum
- Department
of Psychology, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Brain Research
Institute, University of California, Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Integrative
Center for Learning and Memory, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Integrative
Center for Addictive Disorders, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Anne Milasincic Andrews
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Brain Research
Institute, University of California, Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Hatos Center
for Neuropharmacology, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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3
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Batten SR, Bang D, Kopell BH, Davis AN, Heflin M, Fu Q, Perl O, Ziafat K, Hashemi A, Saez I, Barbosa LS, Twomey T, Lohrenz T, White JP, Dayan P, Charney AW, Figee M, Mayberg HS, Kishida KT, Gu X, Montague PR. Dopamine and serotonin in human substantia nigra track social context and value signals during economic exchange. Nat Hum Behav 2024; 8:718-728. [PMID: 38409356 PMCID: PMC11045309 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01831-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Dopamine and serotonin are hypothesized to guide social behaviours. In humans, however, we have not yet been able to study neuromodulator dynamics as social interaction unfolds. Here, we obtained subsecond estimates of dopamine and serotonin from human substantia nigra pars reticulata during the ultimatum game. Participants, who were patients with Parkinson's disease undergoing awake brain surgery, had to accept or reject monetary offers of varying fairness from human and computer players. They rejected more offers in the human than the computer condition, an effect of social context associated with higher overall levels of dopamine but not serotonin. Regardless of the social context, relative changes in dopamine tracked trial-by-trial changes in offer value-akin to reward prediction errors-whereas serotonin tracked the current offer value. These results show that dopamine and serotonin fluctuations in one of the basal ganglia's main output structures reflect distinct social context and value signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth R Batten
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA.
| | - Dan Bang
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA.
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK.
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Brian H Kopell
- Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Neuromodulation, Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arianna N Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Computational Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Heflin
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Computational Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qixiu Fu
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Computational Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ofer Perl
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Computational Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kimia Ziafat
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alice Hashemi
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ignacio Saez
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leonardo S Barbosa
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Thomas Twomey
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Terry Lohrenz
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Jason P White
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Peter Dayan
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander W Charney
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martijn Figee
- Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Neuromodulation, Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Helen S Mayberg
- Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Neuromodulation, Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth T Kishida
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Xiaosi Gu
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Center for Computational Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - P Read Montague
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, USA.
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK.
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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Sun B, Cao X, Xin M, Guan R. Treatment of Depression with Acupuncture Based on Pathophysiological Mechanism. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:347-357. [PMID: 38314195 PMCID: PMC10838506 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s448031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression is a prevalent mental disorder and has a profound impact on an individual's psychological and physical well-being. It is characterized by a persistently depressed mood, loss of interest, energy loss, and cognitive dysfunction. In recent years, more and more people have changed to mental diseases, such as depression, anxiety, mania and so on. In the incidence of depression, covering all ages, but still mainly young and middle-aged women. Traditional treatments for depression mainly rely on medication and psychotherapy, but these methods are not effective for all patients and are often accompanied by certain side effects. Therefore, finding safe and effective alternative or adjuvant treatments has become a priority. Here we highlight the research progress of acupuncture in the treatment of depression and to explore the mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of depression. Acupuncture treatment of depression is an ancient and effective method, the mechanism involves multiple biological pathways, for example, by regulating neurotransmitter levels, regulating the neuroendocrine axis, improving neuroplasticity, anti-inflammatory and other effects, improving emotional state and play an antidepressant role. To provide evidence to support the widespread use of acupuncture in clinical practice. We hope to provide new treatment ideas and methods for patients with depression, and even reduce the incidence of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- Neurology Department, The 962nd Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuewei Cao
- Cardiopulmonary Department, Jiamusi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Xin
- Neurology Department, Xin Wanhe Acupuncture Clinic, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiqian Guan
- Massage Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
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