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Casalta H, Bayrou C, Djebala S, Eppe J, Gille L, Gommeren K, Marduel E, Sartelet A, Seys C, Versyp J, Grulke S. Evaluation of Blood Lactate, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, and Shock Index, and Their Association with Prognosis in Calves. Vet Sci 2024; 11:45. [PMID: 38275927 PMCID: PMC10819515 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Diseases in young calves received as emergencies are often associated with hypovolemic and/or septic shocks. The objectives of our study were to (1) assess the correlation between clinical hemodynamic parameters and blood L-lactates (LAC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and the shock index (SI) recorded upon arrival; and (2) to evaluate how these parameters were related to short-term outcomes in calves under 4 months of age presented as emergencies. We conducted a single-observer prospective observational study on calves aged from 1 day to 4 months, presented to the Veterinary Clinic for Ruminants of Liège from December 2020 to May 2022. Forty-five calves were included in the study. The statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between LAC and heart rate (r = 0.570; p < 0.05) and LAC and SI (r = 0.373; p < 0.05). A high LAC value at admission was significantly associated with a negative outcome (death) (p < 0.05). In calves suffering from obstructive digestive diseases, the SI was related to the outcome and the analysis indicated a cut-off value of 1.13 (Se = 0.77, Spe = 1). In conclusion, in our study, the initial blood L-lactate value was correlated with heart rate, the shock index, and the clinical shock score, and admission hyperlactatemia was associated with a poor prognosis in calves under 4 months of age. In this cohort, the shock index in calves suffering from digestive diseases was linked with mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Casalta
- Clinical Department of Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (C.B.); (J.E.); (A.S.); (C.S.); (J.V.)
| | - Calixte Bayrou
- Clinical Department of Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (C.B.); (J.E.); (A.S.); (C.S.); (J.V.)
| | - Salem Djebala
- Independent Researcher, Muckerstaff Granard, N39AN52 Co Longford, Ireland;
| | - Justine Eppe
- Clinical Department of Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (C.B.); (J.E.); (A.S.); (C.S.); (J.V.)
| | - Linde Gille
- Independent Researcher, 1170 Watermael-Boitsfort, Belgium
| | - Kris Gommeren
- Clinical Department of Companions Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Eva Marduel
- Independent Researcher, 44200 Nantes, France;
| | - Arnaud Sartelet
- Clinical Department of Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (C.B.); (J.E.); (A.S.); (C.S.); (J.V.)
| | - Celine Seys
- Clinical Department of Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (C.B.); (J.E.); (A.S.); (C.S.); (J.V.)
| | - Jérôme Versyp
- Clinical Department of Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (C.B.); (J.E.); (A.S.); (C.S.); (J.V.)
| | - Sigrid Grulke
- Clinical Department of Equines, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
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Short-term survival rates of 1397 horses referred for colic from 2010 to 2018. Acta Vet Scand 2022; 64:11. [PMID: 35526044 PMCID: PMC9077955 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-022-00631-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Up-to-date and hospital-specific knowledge of prognoses for horses with various forms of colic is essential for helping to guide owners’ decisions on costly treatments, and for assessing the continuous development of standards of care in the hospital. This study aimed to determine the short-term survival rates of horses admitted with colic to the University Hospital for Large Animals (UHLA), University of Copenhagen, Denmark, from 2010 to 2018, and to compare these to a previous local study as well as recent, comparable international studies. Short-term survival rates were calculated for horses grouped by treatment (surgical, medical) and diseases. Results were compared to the selected studies using Chi-square tests. Results A total of 1752 horses were admitted with colic during the period, of which 355 were excluded for reasons such as economic restrictions or immediate euthanasia. Short-term survival of the remaining 1397 cases was significantly higher (83.0% (95% CI 81.1–85.0%)) than a previous local study (76%) and a recent Dutch study (80%). Medical treatment was carried out in 77.1% of cases, and surgery in 22.9% of the cases. Short-term survival for medically (89.7%) and surgically (60.6%) treated horses was significantly higher in the present study compared to the previous study (87% and 42%, respectively), but was similar to that found in the Dutch study. Significantly fewer horses were euthanised during surgery than in the previous study (17.2 vs. 40%), and significantly more horses recovered from surgery (79.1 vs. 56%). Short-term survival rate of surgically treated horses (60.6%) did not differ from other European studies (55–62%). Conclusions Short-term survival rates have increased since the previous study at UHLA, mainly due to a decrease in intraoperative euthanasia. Survival rates in this study are similar to those found in recent comparable colic studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13028-022-00631-4.
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Salciccia A, de la Rebière de Pouyade G, Gougnard A, Detilleux J, Caudron I, Verwilghen D, Serteyn D, Grulke S. Complications associated with closure of the linea alba using a combination of interrupted vertical mattress and simple interrupted sutures in equine laparotomies. Vet Rec 2020; 187:e94. [PMID: 32862134 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) Evaluate the occurrence and variables associated with incisional morbidities (IMs) after ventral median laparotomy when using interrupted vertical mattress sutures (IVMS) and (2) determine the occurrence of abdominal bandage-associated complications in horses. METHODS Occurrence of IM and bandage-associated complications were determined after single laparotomies (SL group; n=546 horses) and repeat laparotomies (RL group: multiple laparotomies within four weeks; n=30 horses) in horses that survived ≥7 days postoperatively. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were performed to evaluate variables associated with IM. RESULTS The IM rate was 9.52 per cent in the SL group and 33.33 per cent in the RL group. The actual infection rate was 5.31 per cent in the SL group and 26.67 per cent in the RL group. Overall, long-term clinically relevant wound complications was 1.68 per cent. After multivariate analysis, increased anaesthesia duration was associated with IM and performing an enterotomy and postoperative intravenous lidocaine administration were associated with incisional infection in the SL group; no parameter remained significant in the RL group. Bandage-related complications were recorded in 2.95 per cent of the cases. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the use of IVMS for closure of the linea alba is another viable option for closure and that an abdominal bandage does not appear to cause significant complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Salciccia
- Department of Companion Animals and Equids, University of Liege, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Alexandra Gougnard
- Department of Companion Animals and Equids, University of Liege, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liege, Belgium
| | - Johann Detilleux
- Quantitative Genetics Group, University of Liege, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liege, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Caudron
- Department of Companion Animals and Equids, University of Liege, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liege, Belgium
| | - Denis Verwilghen
- Department of Companion Animals and Equids, University of Liege, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liege, Belgium
| | - Didier Serteyn
- Department of Companion Animals and Equids, University of Liege, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liege, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Grulke
- Department of Companion Animals and Equids, University of Liege, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liege, Belgium
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Dória RGS, Freitas SH, Laskoski LM, Arruda LP, Shimano AC. Correlation Between Peritonitis and Incisional Infections in Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 87:102903. [PMID: 32172906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.102903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Surgical site infection of abdominal incisions is an important complication after laparotomy with increased risk of incisional hernia formation in horses. This study aims to evaluate the healing process of abdominal incisions and correlate peritonitis with the occurrence of surgical site infection and incisional hernias. Nine horses underwent standardized laparotomy, intestinal exploration, and induced septic peritonitis. Standardized relaparotomy was performed two (n = 3), four (n = 3), and six (n = 3) months later to evaluate the abdominal cavity for adhesions and to collect the sutured ventral abdominal wall to evaluate and prepare it for histopathological and tensile strength study. All horses presented with endotoxemia, controllable peritonitis, heat and touch-sensitive ventral abdominal edema and surgical wound infection with presence of purulent discharge. Adhesion of the cecum or colon to the internal portion of the surgical wound was observed. Healing of the infected surgical wounds occurred by second intention and a space between the rectus abdominis muscles developed because of the presence of a scar, which was related to incisional hernia. In the histopathological evaluation, the collagen content increased, and the inflammation decreased over time. The tensile strength increased over time and was highest after 6 months. After the second surgical intervention, there was no infection of the surgical wound in any of the animals and healing by first intention occurred. Surgical site infection may be a symptom of peritonitis in horses recovering from abdominal surgery. Infected surgical wounds heal by second intention, which favors the spacing of rectus abdominis muscle and the formation of incisional hernia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata G S Dória
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Silvio H Freitas
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciane M Laskoski
- Center of Biological and Nature Sciences, Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil
| | - Laura P Arruda
- Mato Grosso Company of Research, Assistance and Rural Extension, Cáceres, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Antônio C Shimano
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Musculoskeletal System, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Grauw J, Loon T. Successful treatment of prolonged postoperative ileus following resection of a small intestinal spindle cell sarcoma in a horse. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2019-000899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janny Grauw
- Department of Equine SciencesUtrecht University Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Thijs Loon
- Department of Equine SciencesUtrecht University Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrechtthe Netherlands
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McGlinchey L, Boone LH, Munsterman AS, Coleridge MOD, Rosanowski SM, Farag R, Hanson RR. In vitro evaluation of the knot-holding capacity and security, weight, and volume of forwarder knots tied with size-3 polyglactin 910 suture exposed to air, balanced electrolyte solution, or equine abdominal fat. Am J Vet Res 2019; 80:709-716. [PMID: 31246130 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.80.7.709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of exposure to a balanced electrolyte solution (BES), or equine abdominal fat on the knot-holding capacity (KHC), relative knot security (RKS), weight, and volume of forwarder knots versus surgeon's knots. SAMPLE 315 knots tied and tested in vitro. PROCEDURES United States Pharmacopeia size-3 polyglactin 910 suture exposed to air (dry [control]), equine abdominal fat (fat-exposed), or BES (BES-exposed) was used to tie forwarder knots with 2, 3, and 4 throws and surgeon's knots with 5, 6, 7, and 8 throws. A universal materials testing machine was used to test the tensile strength of suture and knots to failure, and the KHC, RKS, weight, and volume of knots were determined. RESULTS Forwarder knots had significantly higher KHC and RKS and lower volume, compared with surgeons' knots. Forwarder knots tied with fat-exposed suture had greater weight, but not volume, than did forwarder knots tied with dry or BES-exposed suture with the same number of throws. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that forwarder knots were superior to surgeon's knots when configured as start knots intended for continuous lines of suture. Exposure to media did not negatively affect mechanical or physical properties of forwarder knots and may improve specific biomechanical functions, including KHC and RKS.
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Gardner A, Dockery A, Quam V. Exploratory Celiotomy in the Horse Secondary to Acute Colic: A Review of Indications and Success Rates. Top Companion Anim Med 2019; 34:1-9. [PMID: 30808489 DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To review indications and risk factors for exploratory celiotomy secondary to acute colic in the horse; decision making for and during surgery; and prognosis for return to function after exploratory celiotomy for the practicing veterinarian. Data sources included scientific reviews and original research publications from veterinary sources, as well as clinical data specifically in regard to underlying disease and survival rates from a tertiary referral hospital where exploratory celiotomy is commonly performed. There is a high positive predictive value of specific clinical preoperative parameters of the equine acute abdomen, many of which rely on techniques available to field practitioners, relative to the need for surgical intervention. Decision making regarding surgical procedure or even intraoperative euthanasia depends on owner expectations. Survival rates following exploratory celiotomy range from fair to excellent (60%-100%) depending on underlying lesion and return to athleticism following celiotomy is good to excellent (76%-90%). A knowledge base of indications for and rates of survival from colic requiring exploratory celiotomy in the horse is of paramount importance to the equine practitioner. Preconceived notions of poor survival rates are rampant among horse owners, and owners rely on their primary veterinarian's advice for continuation to referral center and in further treatment including exploratory celiotomy.
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McGlinchey L, Hanson RR, Boone LH, Rosanowski SM, Coleridge M, Souza C, Munsterman AS. Bursting strength of surgeon's and self-locking knots for closure of ventral midline celiotomy in horses. Vet Surg 2018; 47:1080-1086. [PMID: 30276828 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the bursting strength and failure mode of ventral midline celiotomy closed with a simple continuous suture pattern with 1 of 2 knot combinations, a novel self-locking knot combination of a forwarder start with an Aberdeen end knot (F-A) and a traditional combination of a surgeon's start with a surgeon's end knot (S-S). STUDY DESIGN Ex vivo experimental. SAMPLE POPULATION Equine cadavers (n = 14). METHODS A 20-cm ventral midline celiotomy was created in 14 equine cadavers. Horses were assigned to celiotomy closure with an F-A or S-S knot combination. Prior to closure, a 200-L inflatable bladder was placed in the abdomen and then insufflated until failure of the celiotomy closure. The horses' signalment, weight, breed, and age, as well as knot combination type, mode of failure, closure time, and bursting strength (mm Hg) were recorded. RESULTS The median bursting strength was significantly greater when incisions were closed with the F-A knot combination (388 mm Hg) compared with the S-S knot combination (290 mm Hg) (P = .035). Most incisions failed along the fascia when closed with F-A combinations and at the knot when closed with S-S combinations. CONCLUSION The bursting strength of ventral midline incisions in equine cadavers was increased by an average of 25% when closed with the self-locking F-A knot combination. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Closing ventral midline celiotomies with an F-A knot combination may provide a more secure closure than the traditional S-S knot combination. Additional in vivo investigation is required prior to recommending this closure in clinical cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah McGlinchey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, Alabama
| | - R Reid Hanson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Lindsey H Boone
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Sarah M Rosanowski
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Coleridge
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Camila Souza
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Amelia S Munsterman
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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Gillen AM, Munsterman AS, Farag R, Coleridge MOD, Hanson RR. In vitro evaluation of square and surgeon's knots in large gauge suture. Vet Surg 2017; 46:297-305. [DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex M. Gillen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; Auburn University; Auburn Alabama
| | - Amelia S. Munsterman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; Auburn University; Auburn Alabama
| | - Ramsis Farag
- Center of Polymer and Composite Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering; Auburn University; Auburn Alabama
- Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Mansoura University; Mansoura Egypt
| | - Matthew O. D. Coleridge
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; Auburn University; Auburn Alabama
| | - R. Reid Hanson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; Auburn University; Auburn Alabama
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Gillen AM, Munsterman AS, Hanson RR. In Vitro Evaluation of the Size, Knot Holding Capacity, and Knot Security of the Forwarder Knot Compared to Square and Surgeon's Knots Using Large Gauge Suture. Vet Surg 2016; 45:1034-1040. [DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex M. Gillen
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Auburn University; Auburn Alabama
| | | | - R. Reid Hanson
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Auburn University; Auburn Alabama
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Pihl TH, Scheepers E, Sanz M, Goddard A, Page P, Toft N, Kjelgaard-Hansen M, Andersen PH, Jacobsen S. Acute-phase proteins as diagnostic markers in horses with colic. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2016; 26:664-74. [DOI: 10.1111/vec.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tina H. Pihl
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; 2630 Tåstrup Denmark
| | - Elrien Scheepers
- Department of Large Animal Sciences; Veterinary Epidemiology; 1870 Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Macarena Sanz
- Department of Large Animal Sciences; Veterinary Epidemiology; 1870 Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Amelia Goddard
- Department of Large Animal Sciences; Veterinary Epidemiology; 1870 Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Patrick Page
- Department of Large Animal Sciences; Veterinary Epidemiology; 1870 Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Nils Toft
- the Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies; Faculty of Veterinary Science; University of Pretoria; Private Bag X04 0110 Onderstepoort South Africa
| | - Mads Kjelgaard-Hansen
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Central laboratory; 1870 Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Pia H. Andersen
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; 2630 Tåstrup Denmark
| | - Stine Jacobsen
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; 2630 Tåstrup Denmark
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Wormstrand BH, Ihler CF, Diesen R, Krontveit RI. Surgical treatment of equine colic - a retrospective study of 297 surgeries in Norway 2005-2011. Acta Vet Scand 2014; 56:38. [PMID: 24934123 PMCID: PMC4077634 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-56-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colic, defined as pain originating from the abdomen, is a common condition in horses. Most of the cases resolve spontaneously or after medical treatment, but a few require surgical treatment. Surgical treatment of colic in horses is resource-demanding and expensive, and information on prognosis is therefore important for both owners and surgeons. In the present study, surgical cases in two equine hospitals in Norway between 2005 and 2011 were reviewed. The aim of the study was to describe associations between prognostic indicators, diagnoses and short term survival by use of random effects logistic regression. RESULTS In the present study, 162 out of 297 (54.5%) surgeries resulted in the horse being discharged from the hospital. Excluding cases euthanized during surgery, the overall short-term survival was 74.0% (162 out of 219 surgeries). Seventy-eight (26.3%) of the horses were euthanized during surgery, due to grave or poor prognosis. In univariable analyses, duration of colic signs, heart rate, capillary refill time, mucosal membrane appearance, intestinal sounds, affected gastrointestinal segment, hematocrit, intestinal resection, hospital and surgeon board-certification had P-value <0.20 and were assessed in multivariable analyses. Respiration rate, rectal temperature and lactate in blood also had univariable P <0.20, but were left out from multivariable analyses due to too high levels of missing values. A random effect of primary surgeon was included and breed, sex and age were tested in multivariable analyses as possible confounders; and hospital was included to control for hospital routine differences. In the final multivariable model the variables mucosal membrane appearance, affected gastrointestinal segment and surgeon board-certification significantly influenced survival. The random surgeon effect was not significant. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that prognostic parameters and diagnoses of surgical treatment of horses with colic in Norway are in accordance with reports from other parts of the world. The significant effect of board-certification of surgeon is not reported in previous studies. The general short-term survival rate was somewhat lower than reported in other studies, partly due to more horses being euthanized intraoperatively in the present study. This might be because of economical or animal welfare reasons.
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Christophersen MT, Dupont N, Berg-Sørensen KS, Konnerup C, Pihl TH, Andersen PH. Short-term survival and mortality rates in a retrospective study of colic in 1588 Danish horses. Acta Vet Scand 2014; 56:20. [PMID: 24712831 PMCID: PMC3998380 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-56-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Outcomes of colic treatment are of great interest to clinicians, horse owners and insurers. One commonly used criterion of success is the overall short-term survival rate. This is used as to compare treatments and to measure quality of veterinary care, but may be biased by demographic or social factors such as attitudes towards animal suffering and euthanasia. The aims of this study were to 1) describe and analyse characteristics in horses with signs of colic referred to the University Hospital for Large Animals (UHLA), University of Copenhagen, Denmark over a 10-year period and 2) to compare these rates with those published in other comparable studies. Results The overall survival rate for colic horses over the 10-year study period was 68% (confidence intervals (CI): 66–71%; 1087/1588). In the medical group, 1093 horses, short-term survival was 87% (CI: 85–89%). Thirty one % of referred horses were given diagnoses requiring surgical intervention (CI: 29–33%). In this group 32% of the horses were euthanized before surgery (CI: 28–36%; 159/495). Of the surgical cases 27% (CI: 23-31%) were euthanized or died during surgery. Of the horses that recovered from surgery 25% died or were euthanized (CI: 19–32%; 48/189), while 75% survived to discharge (CI: 68–81%). Conclusions The short term survival rates of Danish horses with colic were similar or lower to those reported from other countries. Apart from variability of veterinary care, attitudes towards euthanasia vary among the countries, which may bias the outcomes. This study indicates that qualitative interview studies on owners’ attitudes towards animal suffering and euthanasia need to be conducted. Our opinion is that survival rates are not valid as sole indicators of quality of care in colic treatment due to selection bias. If the survival rates are to be compared between hospitals, techniques or surgeons, prospective studies including mutually agreed-on disease severity scores and a predefined set of reasons for euthanasia are needed.
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Klohnen A. New perspectives in postoperative complications after abdominal surgery. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2009; 25:341-50. [PMID: 19580944 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2009.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Klohnen
- Chino Valley Equine Hospital, 2945 English Place, Chino Hills, CA 91709, USA.
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Coelho CS, Fantoni DT, Torres LN, Hendrickson DA, Silva LC. Short-Term Effects of Duodenocecostomy on Body Weight, Glucose Absorption, Serum Components, and Intestinal Histopathology in Four Normal Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2009.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hackett ES, Hassel DM. Colic: Nonsurgical Complications. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2008; 24:535-55, viii. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2008.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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