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Abstract
The field of lizard sedation, anesthesia, and locoregional anesthesia is advancing with new drug protocols being evaluated, and new locoregional techniques being developed and evaluated. Inducing and maintaining effective and safe chemical restraint in lizards can be challenging, particularly in systemically diseased individuals. Understanding the anatomic and physiologic adaptations of lizards, using reversible or partially reversible injectable protocols, and using locoregional anesthesia may increase the quality of chemical restraint, facilitate faster recoveries, and limit anesthesia-related morbidity and mortality.
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Antunes BN, DA Costa D, DE Ataide MW, Moreira AV, Pedrotti LF, JÚnior FS, Nhoato CS, Stadler RA, Silva MAM, Brun MV. Coelioscopic-assisted prefemoral ovariosalpingectomy in a d`Orbigny slider (Trachemys dorbigni) using a digital otoscope. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1802-1807. [PMID: 33071253 PMCID: PMC7804040 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the unilateral prefemoral coelioscopic-assisted approach for ovariosalpingectomy in a d`Orbigny slider (Trachemys dorbigni) using a digital otoscope. Twenty healthy turtles were randomly assigned to one of two groups, for right (GR; n=10) or left (GL; n=10) prefemoral access, for coelioscopic-assisted ovariosalpingectomy. Anesthesia and surgery times, body weight, and ovary/oviduct weight data were recorded. Anesthesia and surgery times did not differ significantly between the groups. Wound closure was the most time-consuming surgical step. Ovary and body weights significantly affected the exposure time of the ipsilateral and contralateral ovaries, respectively. Two intraoperative complications were reported. All the animals recovered uneventfully. The digital otoscope can be safely and effectively used for coelioscopic-assisted single-access, unilateral prefemoral ovariosalpingectomy in d`Orbigny slider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Nascimento Antunes
- Department of Small Animal Clinics, Center of Rural Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Av., 1000, 97105-900, Camobi, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Diego DA Costa
- Veterinery Hospital of Passo Fundo, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), BR 285, 99052-630, São José, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Michelli Westphal DE Ataide
- Department of Small Animal Clinics, Center of Rural Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Av., 1000, 97105-900, Camobi, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.,Veterinery Hospital of Passo Fundo, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), BR 285, 99052-630, São José, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Allana Valau Moreira
- Veterinery Hospital of Passo Fundo, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), BR 285, 99052-630, São José, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando Pedrotti
- Department of Small Animal Clinics, Center of Rural Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Av., 1000, 97105-900, Camobi, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Francisco Schulz JÚnior
- Veterinery Hospital of Passo Fundo, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), BR 285, 99052-630, São José, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Cassiano Schmitz Nhoato
- Veterinery Hospital of Passo Fundo, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), BR 285, 99052-630, São José, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Renan Alves Stadler
- Gramado Zoo, RS 115, 95670-000, Várzea Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | | | - Maurício Veloso Brun
- Department of Small Animal Clinics, Center of Rural Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Av., 1000, 97105-900, Camobi, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
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Bardi E, Antolini G, Lubian E, Bronzo V, Romussi S. Comparison of Lateral and Dorsal Recumbency during Endoscope-Assisted Oophorectomy in Mature Pond Sliders ( Trachemys scripta). Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091451. [PMID: 32825061 PMCID: PMC7552648 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ovariectomy via the prefemoral fossa, with or without endoscopic assistance, is a well-described technique for elective and therapeutic sterilization in chelonians. The choice between lateral and dorsal recumbency is generally left to the surgeon’s preference, with no data supporting an objective superiority of one over the other. In pond sliders, common pets but also an invasive alien species in Europe, we compared two different recumbencies (right lateral with a left fossa approach, and dorsal with a right fossa approach) regarding ease of access to the coelomic cavity, ease of identification of the ovary opposite to the surgical breach, first and second ovary removal times, and total surgical time. No significant difference was found between the two groups for any evaluated parameter. Endoscope-assisted prefemoral ovariectomy in mature pond sliders can be indifferently performed in lateral or dorsal recumbency, depending on the preference of the surgeon, on the animal’s pathophysiologic status, or on the necessity to perform concurrent procedures. Abstract Ovariectomy via the prefemoral fossa is a well-described technique for sterilization in chelonians. The choice between lateral and dorsal recumbency is generally left to the surgeon’s preference, with no data supporting an objective superiority of one over the other. Twenty-four sexually mature female pond sliders (Trachemys scripta) were enrolled for elective prefemoral endoscope-assisted oophorectomy, and were randomly divided in two groups: 12 animals were placed in right lateral recumbency with a left fossa approach (Group A), and 12 in dorsal recumbency with a right fossa approach (Group B). Scoring systems were applied to assess the ease of access to the coelomic cavity, and the ease of identification of the ovary opposite to the surgical incision. A negative correlation was found between the body weight of the animals and the ease of access to the coelom (p = 0.013), making the access easier in smaller animals. No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of ease of access to the coelomic cavity, first ovary removal time, ease of identification of the second ovary, second ovary removal time, or total surgery time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Bardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.A.); (V.B.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-38-9829-8365
| | - Giulia Antolini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.A.); (V.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Emanuele Lubian
- Veterinary Clinical and Husbandry Centre (CCVZS), University of Milan, via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Valerio Bronzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.A.); (V.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Stefano Romussi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.A.); (V.B.); (S.R.)
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Koizumi I, Kondo H. Diagnostic challenge. J Exot Pet Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ferreira TH, Mans C. Evaluation of neuraxial anesthesia in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps). Vet Anaesth Analg 2019; 46:126-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Bassi EA, de Oliveira C, Braz HB, de Almeida-Santos SM. How Does Oocyte Uptake Occur? A Macroscopic Study of the Ovarian and Oviductal Modifications for Egg Capture in the Coral-Snake Micrurus corallinus. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:1936-1943. [PMID: 30289202 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The processes of follicular development, ovulation, egg capture, and egg transport vary among vertebrates. Therefore, analysis of the reproductive tract of several lineages is needed for understanding the evolutionary changes of the reproductive system. In turtles, the ovulated eggs are released into the coelomic cavity and taken up by one of the two oviducts, a phenomenon called extrauterine migration of eggs. However, the process of egg uptake in lizards is different. The egg is ovulated directly into the infundibulum, and oocyte uptake by the contralateral oviduct rarely occurs. The same pattern has been hypothesized to occur in snakes. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the reproductive tract of female Micrurus corallinus preserved in zoological collections. We examined the anatomical characteristics of the infundibulum and ovary and compared the reproductive output between the ovaries to verify the mechanism of egg capture and the anatomical viability of extrauterine migration of eggs. The reproductive output of the right ovary was higher than that of the left ovary, and the higher number of eggs in the right oviduct is due exclusively to the production of the ipsilateral ovary. Several anatomical features prevent extrauterine migration of eggs, including the asymmetry of the reproductive system, the arrangement of the ovarian follicles in a single row, and the formation of a wrapping around the ovary and infundibulum by the visceral pleuroperitoneum membrane (preventing against ectopic eggs). Therefore, the hypothesis of egg capture by the contralateral oviduct is anatomically infeasible in M. corallinus and possibly in other snakes. Anat Rec, 301:1936-1943, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Augusto Bassi
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), São Paulo, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Classius de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), São Paulo, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henrique B Braz
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Selma Maria de Almeida-Santos
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
Reproduction of snakes is one of the challenging aspects of herpetology medicine. Due to the complexity of reproduction, several disorders may present before, during, or after this process. This article describes the physical examination, and radiographic, ultrasonographic, and endoscopic findings associated with reproductive disorders in snakes. Surgical techniques used to resolve reproductive disorders in snakes are described. Finally, common reproductive disorders in snakes are individually discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Di Girolamo
- Clinica per Animali Esotici, Centro Veterinario Specialistico, Via Sandro Giovannini 53, Rome 00137, Italy
| | - Paolo Selleri
- Clinica per Animali Esotici, Centro Veterinario Specialistico, Via Sandro Giovannini 53, Rome 00137, Italy.
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Abstract
Common reproductive problems in captive male lizards are hemipenile plugs in hemipenial sac, unilateral prolapse of hemipenis, or bilateral prolapse of hemipene. Although the orchiectomy is performed as a treatment for testicular disease, the effectiveness in reducing aggressive behavior is unclear. Female captive lizards suffer from cloacal prolapse, preovulatory follicular stasis, or dystocia. The veterinarian must differentiate between the disorders because the treatment differs. Mating, physical, or visual contact with the male stimulates ovulation and prevents preovulatory follicular stasis. Surgical intervention is usually required for dystocia. This article discusses selected procedures and use of ultrasonography and diagnostic endoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenek Knotek
- Avian and Exotic Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, 1946/1 Palackeho Street, Brno 612 42, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Cermakova
- Avian and Exotic Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, 1946/1 Palackeho Street, Brno 612 42, Czech Republic
| | - Matteo Oliveri
- Avian and Exotic Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, 1946/1 Palackeho Street, Brno 612 42, Czech Republic
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