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Marcom NN, de Camargo Campos L, Dos Anjos MC, Cunha VM, Dos Santos MG, Pereira PFV, da Costa Flaiban KKM, Lisbôa JAN. Effects of two oral electrolyte solutions in healthy newborn lambs. Res Vet Sci 2024; 166:105072. [PMID: 37979515 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of two oral electrolyte solutions (OES), commercialized for the hydration of calves, on the water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of newborn lambs. Twenty healthy crossbred Santa Inês lambs, 10 days old, 4-5 kg of body weight (BW), and fed on mother's milk, were included. The OES tested were slightly hyposmolar (OES 1: 279 mOsm/L; and OES 2: 283 mOsm/L) and had an alkalizing potential with an effective strong ion difference (SID3) of 76 mmol/L (OES 1) and 58 mmol/L (OES 2). In a crossover design, all lambs received the two OES, one at a time, with an interval of 7 days. On the day of treatment, the lambs received a volume corresponding to 5% of BW administered by esophageal tube at 0 and 6 h. Physical examinations were performed and venous blood samples were taken at 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. Packed cell volume, total plasma protein, pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, bicarbonate ion, base excess, sodium (Na+), potassium, chloride (Cl-), SID3, L-lactate, glucose, anion gap, total concentration of non-volatile weak acids, and percentage change in plasma volume were measured. Data were analyzed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA. OES caused iatrogenic imbalances characterized by expansion of plasma volume, change in the Na+ and Cl- ratio with increase in plasma SID3, and strong ion metabolic alkalosis. These imbalances were mostly reversed 24 h after the start of treatment and did not differ (P > 0.05) between the two tested OES. The absence of side effects indicates that the tested commercial OES are safe for use in newborn lambs. Further studies are needed to prove the therapeutic efficacy of these OES in dehydrated sick lambs with metabolic acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoly Nayana Marcom
- Departament of Veterinary Clinics, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Lisandra de Camargo Campos
- Departament of Veterinary Clinics, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Mayara Cardoso Dos Anjos
- Departament of Veterinary Clinics, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Maciel Cunha
- Departament of Veterinary Clinics, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Mateus Gregório Dos Santos
- Departament of Veterinary Clinics, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - Júlio Augusto Naylor Lisbôa
- Departament of Veterinary Clinics, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil
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Campos LDC, Cardoso Dos Anjos M, Gregório Dos Santos M, Cunha VM, Pereira PFV, Flaiban KKMDC, Lisbôa JAN. Enteral hydration in cows: Comparison between continuous flow and bolus administration. Vet Rec 2023; 193:e3055. [PMID: 37211882 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.3055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enteral hydration in cattle is most commonly performed as a bolus (B) via the ororuminal route, although continuous flow (CF) administration via the nasoesophageal route represents a viable alternative. Currently, no study has compared the effectiveness of these two methods. This study aimed to compare the efficiency of enteral hydration using CF and B to correct water, electrolyte and acid-base imbalances in cows. METHODS Protocols for the induction of dehydration were applied twice to eight healthy cows, with an interval of 1 week. In a crossover design, two types of enteral hydration were performed using the same electrolyte solution and volume equal to 12% of bodyweight (BW): CF (10 mL/kg/h, between 0 and 12 hours) and B (6% BW, twice, at 0 and 6 hours). Clinical and blood variables were determined at -24, 0, 6, 12 and 24 hours and compared using repeated-measures ANOVA. RESULTS Induced moderate dehydration and hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis were corrected after 12 hours using the two hydration methods, with no differences observed between the methods. LIMITATIONS The study was conducted with induced rather than natural imbalances, so the findings should be interpreted cautiously. CONCLUSION Enteral CF hydration is as effective as B hydration in reversing dehydration and correcting electrolyte and acid-base imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisandra de Camargo Campos
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Mayara Cardoso Dos Anjos
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Mateus Gregório Dos Santos
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Maciel Cunha
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Júlio Augusto Naylor Lisbôa
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Sherwin G, Nelson R, Kerby M, Remnant J. Clinical examination of cattle. Part 2: calves, technology and ancillary testing. IN PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/inpr.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kemel C, Brack M, Schroyen K, Beci B, Opsomer G. Hydrops amnion in a Belgian blue cow combined with prolonged gestation and anencephaly of the calf. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Celien Kemel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction, and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Marjolein Brack
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction, and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Karel Schroyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction, and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Barbara Beci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction, and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Geert Opsomer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction, and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium
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Fajardo V. Pereira P, T. N. M. A, Romão F, M. Curti J, L. O. Camilo S, K. M. C. Flaiban K, A. N. Lisbôa J. Intravenous electrolyte solution containing 84 mEq/L of lactate corrects metabolic acidosis in goats. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Constable PD, Trefz FM, Sen I, Berchtold J, Nouri M, Smith G, Grünberg W. Intravenous and Oral Fluid Therapy in Neonatal Calves With Diarrhea or Sepsis and in Adult Cattle. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:603358. [PMID: 33585594 PMCID: PMC7873366 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.603358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal fluid therapy protocols in neonatal calves and adult cattle are based on consideration of signalment, history, and physical examination findings, and individually tailored whenever laboratory analysis is available. Measurement of the magnitude of eye recession, duration of skin tenting in the lateral neck region, and urine specific gravity by refractometry provide the best estimates of hydration status in calves and cattle. Intravenous and oral electrolyte solutions (OES) are frequently administered to critically ill calves and adult cattle. Application of physicochemical principles indicates that 0.9% NaCl, Ringer's solution, and 5% dextrose are equally acidifying, lactated Ringer's and acetated Ringer's solution are neutral to mildly acidifying, and 1.3-1.4% sodium bicarbonate solutions are strongly alkalinizing in cattle. Four different crystalloid solutions are recommended for intravenous fluid therapy in dehydrated or septic calves and dehydrated adult cattle: (1) lactated Ringer's solution and acetated Ringer's solution for dehydrated calves, although neither solution is optimized for administration to neonatal calves or adult cattle; (2) isotonic (1.3%) or hypertonic (5.0 or 8.4%) solutions of sodium bicarbonate for the treatment of calves with diarrhea and severe strong ion (metabolic) acidosis and hyponatremia, and adult cattle with acute ruminal acidosis; (3) Ringer's solution for the treatment of metabolic alkalosis in dehydrated adult cattle, particularly lactating dairy cattle; and (4) hypertonic NaCl solutions (7.2%) and an oral electrolyte solution or water load for the rapid resuscitation of dehydrated neonatal calves and adult cattle. Much progress has been made since the 1970's in identifying important attributes of an OES for diarrheic calves. Important components of an OES for neonatal calves are osmolality, sodium concentration, the effective SID that reflects the concentration of alkalinizing agents, and the energy content. The last three factors are intimately tied to the OES osmolality and the abomasal emptying rate, and therefore the rate of sodium delivery to the small intestine and ultimately the rate of resuscitation. An important need in fluid and electrolyte therapy for adult ruminants is formulation of a practical, effective, and inexpensive OES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D. Constable
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Florian M. Trefz
- Clinic for Ruminants, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ismail Sen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Joachim Berchtold
- Tierärztliche Gemeinschaftspraxis Dr. Berchtold & Dr. Taschke, Pittenhart, Germany
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Geoffrey Smith
- Department of Population Health & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Walter Grünberg
- Foundation, Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Santos PVDM, Viana RB, Avanza MFB, Ermita PAN, Alves SR, Silva MO, Monteiro LC, Costa CM, Mafort EG, Costa LML, Ferreira GMM, Mattos FS, Ribeiro Filho JD. Enteral electrolytic solutions administered in continuous flow via naso-ruminal route in adult goats. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1562-1569. [PMID: 32863320 PMCID: PMC7653310 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of maintenance enteral electrolytic solutions administered naso-ruminally in continuous flow in adult goats subjected to water and food restriction. Six adult non-pregnant and non-lactating female goats, aged between two and five years old, were used in a crossover (6 × 2) study. Solution 1 (SEE1) comprised: 4.5 g sodium chloride (NaCl); 1 g potassium chloride (KCl); 0.5 g magnesium chloride (MgCl); 1 g calcium chloride in 1,000 ml of water (measured osmolarity: 202 mOsm/l). Solution 2 (SEE2) comprised: 4.5 g of NaCl; 1 g of KCl; 0.5 g of MgCl; 2 g of calcium acetate in 1,000 ml of water (measured osmolarity: 212 mOsm/l). The solutions were administered naso-ruminally at a dose rate of 15 ml/kg/hr, for 12 hr. The animals were evaluated at times T-24, T0, T4, T8, T12, and T24. Both enteral electrolytic solutions were effective in expanding blood volume. SEE1 showed a low-intensity acidifying potential, while SEE2 showed behavior of a neutral enteral electrolytic solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Vinicius de M Santos
- Department of Veterinary, Federal University of Vicosa, Peter Henry Rolfs Avenue, w/n, University Campus, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo B Viana
- Institute of Animal Health and Production, Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Presidente Tancredo Neves Avenue, 2501, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Marcel Ferreira B Avanza
- Department of Veterinary, Federal University of Vicosa, Peter Henry Rolfs Avenue, w/n, University Campus, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ancelmo N Ermita
- Institute of Studies of the Wet Tropic, Federal University of Southern and Southeastern Pará, Alberto Santos Dumont Street, w/n, Xinguara, Pará, Brazil
| | - Samuel R Alves
- Department of Veterinary, Federal University of Vicosa, Peter Henry Rolfs Avenue, w/n, University Campus, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Micheline O Silva
- Department of Veterinary, Federal University of Vicosa, Peter Henry Rolfs Avenue, w/n, University Campus, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lorena C Monteiro
- Department of Veterinary, Federal University of Vicosa, Peter Henry Rolfs Avenue, w/n, University Campus, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Caio M Costa
- Department of Veterinary, Federal University of Vicosa, Peter Henry Rolfs Avenue, w/n, University Campus, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Erica G Mafort
- Department of Veterinary, Federal University of Vicosa, Peter Henry Rolfs Avenue, w/n, University Campus, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lorraine Marcele L Costa
- Department of Veterinary, Federal University of Vicosa, Peter Henry Rolfs Avenue, w/n, University Campus, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Maria M Ferreira
- Department of Veterinary, Federal University of Vicosa, Peter Henry Rolfs Avenue, w/n, University Campus, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Felipe S Mattos
- Department of Veterinary, Federal University of Vicosa, Peter Henry Rolfs Avenue, w/n, University Campus, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José D Ribeiro Filho
- Department of Veterinary, Federal University of Vicosa, Peter Henry Rolfs Avenue, w/n, University Campus, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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8
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Nishi Y, Murakami Y, Otsuka M, Tsukano K, Ajito T, Suzuki K. Accuracy of the point-of-care glucose meter for use in calves. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1301-1304. [PMID: 31308294 PMCID: PMC6785606 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and precision of portable blood glucose meters, such as i-STAT 1 and Precision Xceed, for use in calves. Whole blood and plasma samples
were obtained from eleven calves that received 2.5 or 5.0% dextrose-containing polyelectrolyte isotonic solutions. Measurements using the i-STAT 1 (r2=0.99,
P<0.0001) and Precision Xceed (r2=0.96, P<0.0001) were well correlated with those by the hexokinase method, which is the
gold standard. Although the accuracy of i-STAT 1 was equivalent to that of the hexokinase method, there was an autocorrelation in the residuals between the results from the Precision Xceed
and the hexokinase method. Thus, the i-STAT 1 can be used to measure the blood glucose concentration in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunobu Nishi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midorimachi, Bunnkyoudai, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Murakami
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midorimachi, Bunnkyoudai, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Marina Otsuka
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midorimachi, Bunnkyoudai, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Tsukano
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midorimachi, Bunnkyoudai, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Tadaharu Ajito
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyounancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-0023, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Suzuki
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midorimachi, Bunnkyoudai, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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Sharma A, Phillips CJC. Avoidance Distance in Sheltered Cows and Its Association with Other Welfare Parameters. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E396. [PMID: 31261826 PMCID: PMC6680585 DOI: 10.3390/ani9070396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The human-animal relationship is an important welfare parameter in animal welfare assessment in cows, and the avoidance distance of cows to a stranger at the feed bunk is measured to assess this relationship. The assessment of the human-animal relationship in cow shelters in India, where old, unproductive, and abandoned cows are sheltered, is important to explore the welfare of cows in these shelters. The cows observed were of indigenous Indian breeds and breeds which were crosses between indigenous breeds and pure bred exotic cows. The human-animal contact in this context is of particular interest for welfare assessment as traditional Indian farming and sheltering systems involves regular close human-animal contact. In a cross-sectional study across 6 states, 54 cow shelters were visited and 30 cows in each shelter were randomly selected (1620 in total) for the assessment of avoidance distance and other cow-based (27 parameters) and resource-based (15 parameters) welfare parameters. Avoidance distance was assessed 1 h after morning feeding. Cows standing at the feeding manger were approached from the front at a rate of one step/s, starting 2 m away from the manger. The distance between the assessor's hand and the cow's head was estimated at the moment the cow moved away and turned its head, using a four-point scale (0, touched; 1, 0-50 cm; 2, 51-100 cm; and 3, >100 cm). The majority, 52%, of the cows allowed touch by the assessor and another 32% allowed approach within 50 cm, demonstrating tolerance, or even solicitation of close human-animal relationships by the cows. Avoidance distance increased with the proportion of cows with dirty hind limbs, tarsal joint swellings, and hair loss, and the extent of rumen fill. There was also evidence of reduced avoidance distances in cows with high levels of body condition score (BCS), dirty flanks, tarsal joint ulceration, carpal joint injuries, diarrhoea, hampered respiration, lesions on the body due to traumatic injuries, and body coat condition, probably as a result of moving difficulties. The avoidance distance was thus related to the health and welfare of the cows, providing a vital insight into the factors affecting human-animal contact in the shelters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Sharma
- Centre for Animal Welfare and Ethics, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton 4343, Australia.
| | - Clive J C Phillips
- Centre for Animal Welfare and Ethics, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton 4343, Australia.
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Braun U, Gerspach C, Nuss K, Hässig M, Hilbe M, Reif C. Clinical and laboratory findings, treatment and outcome in 145 cows with type-2 abomasal ulcer. Res Vet Sci 2019; 124:366-374. [PMID: 31075614 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study involved 145 cows with type-2 abomasal ulcer. The most common clinical signs were, in decreasing order of frequency, depressed demeanour (100%), partial or complete anorexia (93%), rumen atony (91%), tachycardia (90%), dark or black manure (80%), prolonged capillary refill time (71%), pale mucous membranes (69%) and tachypnoea (62%). The most common abnormal laboratory findings were azotaemia (89%), low haematocrit (82%), hypokalaemia (81%), hypoproteinaemia (74%) and metabolic acidosis (61%). Ten cows were euthanased immediately after, or died during, the initial examination, and treatment was started (day 0) in 135 cows. Treatment included blood transfusion, sodium chloride/glucose solution, calcium borogluconate, vitamin C and metamizole. Fourteen cows also underwent right-flank laparotomy because of displaced abomasum (n = 7) or to rule out other causes of gastrointestinal haemorrhage (n = 7). The mean heart rate decreased significantly from 108 bpm on day 0 to 88 bpm on day 3. The haematocrit decreased significantly in cows that did not receive blood and increased significantly in the transfused cows during this period. The plasma protein concentration also increased significantly in transfused cows. Ninety-one (67%) of the 135 treated cows recovered and were discharged after a mean hospitalisation period of nine days, and 44 cows (33%) failed to respond to treatment and were euthanased or died. Aggressive treatment, which should include blood transfusion when indicated, is warranted in valuable cows because >50% can be expected to return to full production in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ueli Braun
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Christian Gerspach
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karl Nuss
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Hässig
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monika Hilbe
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christina Reif
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Sharma A, Kennedy U, Schuetze C, Phillips CJC. The Welfare of Cows in Indian Shelters. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9040172. [PMID: 30995810 PMCID: PMC6523919 DOI: 10.3390/ani9040172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The welfare of cows in traditional cow shelters (gaushalas), was assessed on the basis of the measurement of animal- and resource-based welfare parameters and description of the herd characteristics by the manager. A description of the condition of the cows and the resources provided to them is provided in this cross-sectional study. Small space allowance per cow, non-uniform flooring, little freedom of movement, and lack of access to pastures were the key welfare issues observed in the study. Very few cows were recorded as lame, but about half had carpal joint lesions and slightly less had lesions from interacting with shelter furniture. This study will inform the stakeholders about the concept of welfare auditing of the cow shelters, for better welfare and management of the cows in the shelters. Abstract Cow shelters (gaushalas) are unique traditional institutions in India, where aged, infertile, diseased, rescued, and abandoned cows are sheltered for the rest of their life, until they die of natural causes. These institutions owe their existence to the reverence for the cow as a holy mother goddess for Hindus, the majority religion in India. There is a religious and legal prohibition on cow slaughter in most Indian states. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the welfare of cows in these shelters, which included the development of a welfare assessment protocol, based on direct animal-based measurements, indirect resource-based assessments, and description of the herd characteristics by the manager. A total of 54 cow shelters in 6 states of India were studied and 1620 animals were clinically examined, based on 37 health, welfare, and behavior parameters. Thirty resources provided to the animals, including housing, flooring, feeding, watering, ease of movement, cleanliness of facilities, lighting, temperature, humidity, and noise levels in the sheds were measured. The study showed that the shelters contained mostly non-lactating cows, with a mean age of 11 years. The primary welfare problems appeared to be different to those in Western countries, as the major issues found in the shelters were facility-related—the low space allowance per cow, poor quality of the floors, little freedom of movement, and a lack of pasture grazing. Very few cows were recorded as lame, but about one half had carpal joint hair loss and swelling, and slightly less had lesions from interacting with shelter furniture. Some shelters also had compromised biosecurity and risks of zoonosis. These issues need to be addressed to aid in ensuring the acceptability of these institutions to the public. This welfare assessment protocol aims to address the welfare issues and problems in the shelters, by providing feedback for improvement to the stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Sharma
- Centre for Animal Welfare and Ethics, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Australia 4343, Australia.
| | | | - Catherine Schuetze
- Faculty of Arts and Social Science, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 4343 Australia.
| | - Clive J C Phillips
- Centre for Animal Welfare and Ethics, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Australia 4343, Australia.
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12
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Snyder E, Credille B. Diagnosis and Treatment of Clinical Rumen Acidosis. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2017; 33:451-461. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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13
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Muir WW, Ueyama Y, Noel-Morgan J, Kilborne A, Page J. A Systematic Review of the Quality of IV Fluid Therapy in Veterinary Medicine. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:127. [PMID: 28856137 PMCID: PMC5557817 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the quality of the veterinary literature investigating IV fluid therapy in dogs, cats, horses, and cattle. Design Systematic review. Procedures The preferred reporting of items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) was employed for systematic review of all relevant IV fluid therapy manuscripts published from January 1969 through December 2016 in the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux International (CABI) database. Independent grading systems used to evaluate manuscripts included the updated CONsolidated Standards of Reporting Trials 2012 checklist, risk of bias for animal intervention studies, criteria for levels of evidence, and methodological quality (Jadad scale). The quality of articles published before and after 2010 was compared. Results One hundred and thirty-nine articles (63 dogs, 7 cats, 39 horses, 30 cattle) from 7,258 met the inclusion criteria. More than 50% of the manuscripts did not comply with minimal requirements for reporting randomized controlled trials. The most non-compliant items included identification of specific predefined objectives or a hypothesis, identification of trial design, how sample size was determined, randomization, and blinding procedures. Most studies were underpowered and at risk for selection, performance, and detection bias. The overall quality of the articles improved for articles published after 2010. Conclusion and clinical relevance Most of the veterinary literature investigating the administration of IV fluid therapy in dogs, cats, horses, and cattle is descriptive, does not comply with standards for evidence, or provide adequate translation to clinical practice. Authors should employ and journal editors should enforce international consensus recommendations and guidelines for publication of data from animal experiments investigating IV fluid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Muir
- QTest Labs, Columbus, OH, United States.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, United States
| | | | - Jessica Noel-Morgan
- Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Allison Kilborne
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jessica Page
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
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Pereira PFV, Bessegatto JA, Bregadioli GDC, Marcondes JGDR, Fernandes TM, Balarin MRS, Flaiban KKMDC, Lisbôa JAN. NOVA SOLUÇÃO ELETROLÍTICA INTRAVENOSA PARA USO VETERINÁRIO: EFEITOS SOBRE O PERFIL ELETROLÍTICO E ÁCIDO BASE EM BOVINOS ADULTOS HÍGIDOS. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1089-6891v18e-32785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de uma nova solução hidratante intravenosa sobre os equilíbrios eletrolítico e ácido-base de bovinos. Para tanto, oito animais adultos hígidos, mestiços taurinos foram submetidos a dois tratamentos em delineamento cross-over: solução salina isotônica (SI) e solução teste (ST) composta por 145 mEq de Na+, 5 mEq de K+, 4 mEq de Ca++, 2 mEq de Mg++, 96 mEq de Cl-, 60 mEq de lactato, 50 g de dextrose e 4 mg de cianocobalamina por litro. As soluções foram administradas por via intravenosa, em volume correspondente a 5% do peso corporal, durante três horas de infusão contínua. Amostras de sangue venoso foram colhidas antes da infusão e três, seis, nove e 24 horas após o início da infusão para determinações de glicose, lactato L, Ca, P, Mg, pH, pCO2, HCO3-, BE, Na+, K+, Cl- e Ca++. Os resultados foram analisados por análise de variâncias de medidas repetidas. Ao contrário da SI, que causou hipercloremia e redução da diferença de íons fortes no plasma (SID), determinando efeito acidificante, a ST gerou alcalinização leve e transitória e não provocou alteração das concentrações de Na+ e de Cl-. A hipopotassemia e a hiperglicemia, presentes ao final da infusão da ST, foram transitórias e não determinaram sinais clínicos evidentes. Conclui-se que a ST é uma alternativa segura para a terapia com fluidos em bovinos, tendo a vantagem de provocar alterações iatrogênicas de baixa magnitude.
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16
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Abuelo A, Perez‐Santos M. A winter dysentery (coronavirus infection) outbreak in a dairy herd in Galicia (northwestern Spain). VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2016-000328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angel Abuelo
- School of Animal & Veterinary SciencesCharles Sturt UniversityWagga WaggaNew South WalesAustralia
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Abuelo Á, Alves‐Nores V. Point‐of‐care testing in cattle practice: reliability of cow‐side diagnostic tests. IN PRACTICE 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/inp.i2704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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