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Harris R, Karimi M. Dissecting the regulatory network of transcription factors in T cell phenotype/functioning during GVHD and GVT. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1194984. [PMID: 37441063 PMCID: PMC10333690 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1194984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors play a major role in regulation and orchestration of immune responses. The immunological context of the response can alter the regulatory networks required for proper functioning. While these networks have been well-studied in canonical immune contexts like infection, the transcription factor landscape during alloactivation remains unclear. This review addresses how transcription factors contribute to the functioning of mature alloactivated T cells. This review will also examine how these factors form a regulatory network to control alloresponses, with a focus specifically on those factors expressed by and controlling activity of T cells of the various subsets involved in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and graft-versus-tumor (GVT) responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Harris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Mobin Karimi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
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Ray AL, Saunders AS, Nofchissey RA, Reidy MA, Kamal M, Lerner MR, Fung KM, Lang ML, Hanson JA, Guo S, Urdaneta-Perez MG, Lewis SE, Cloyde M, Morris KT. G-CSF Is a Novel Mediator of T-Cell Suppression and an Immunotherapeutic Target for Women with Colon Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:2158-2169. [PMID: 36951682 PMCID: PMC10239359 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-3918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE G-CSF enhances colon cancer development. This study defines the prevalence and effects of increased G-CSF signaling in human colon cancers and investigates G-CSF inhibition as an immunotherapeutic strategy against metastatic colon cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patient samples were used to evaluate G-CSF and G-CSF receptor (G-CSFR) levels by IHC with sera used to measure G-CSF levels. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used to assess the rate of G-CSFR+ T cells and IFNγ responses to chronic ex vivo G-CSF. An immunocompetent mouse model of peritoneal metastasis (MC38 cells in C57Bl/6J) was used to determine the effects of G-CSF inhibition (αG-CSF) on survival and the tumor microenvironment (TME) with flow and mass cytometry. RESULTS In human colon cancer samples, the levels of G-CSF and G-CSFR are higher compared to normal colon tissues from the same patient. High patient serum G-CSF is associated with increases in markers of poor prognosis, (e.g., VEGF, IL6). Circulating T cells from patients express G-CSFR at double the rate of T cells from controls. Prolonged G-CSF exposure decreases T cell IFNγ production. Treatment with αG-CSF shifts both the adaptive and innate compartments of the TME and increases survival (HR, 0.46; P = 0.0237) and tumor T-cell infiltration, activity, and IFNγ response with greater effects in female mice. There is a negative correlation between serum G-CSF levels and tumor-infiltrating T cells in patient samples from women. CONCLUSIONS These findings support G-CSF as an immunotherapeutic target against colon cancer with greater potential benefit in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita L Ray
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Apryl S Saunders
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Robert A Nofchissey
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Megan A Reidy
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Maria Kamal
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Megan R Lerner
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Kar-Ming Fung
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Mark L Lang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Joshua A Hanson
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Shaoxuan Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Maria G Urdaneta-Perez
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Samara E Lewis
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Michael Cloyde
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Katherine T Morris
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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Theron AJ, Steel HC, Rapoport BL, Anderson R. Contrasting Immunopathogenic and Therapeutic Roles of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13110406. [PMID: 33233675 PMCID: PMC7699711 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells are particularly adept at exploiting the immunosuppressive potential of neutrophils as a strategy to achieve uncontrolled proliferation and spread. Recruitment of neutrophils, particularly those of an immature phenotype, known as granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells, is achieved via the production of tumor-derived granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and neutrophil-selective chemokines. This is not the only mechanism by which G-CSF contributes to tumor-mediated immunosuppression. In this context, the G-CSF receptor is expressed on various cells of the adaptive and innate immune systems and is associated with induction of T cell polarization towards the Th2 and regulatory T cell (Treg) phenotypes. In contrast to the potentially adverse effects of sustained, endogenous production of G-CSF by tumor cells, stringently controlled prophylactic administration of recombinant (r) G-CSF is now a widely practiced strategy in medical oncology to prevent, and in some cases treat, chemotherapy-induced severe neutropenia. Following an overview of the synthesis, structure and function of G-CSF and its receptor, the remainder of this review is focused on: (i) effects of G-CSF on the cells of the adaptive and innate immune systems; (ii) mechanisms by which this cytokine promotes tumor progression and invasion; and (iii) current clinical applications and potential risks of the use of rG-CSF in medical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette J. Theron
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.C.S.); (B.L.R.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-12-319-2355
| | - Helen C. Steel
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.C.S.); (B.L.R.); (R.A.)
| | - Bernardo L. Rapoport
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.C.S.); (B.L.R.); (R.A.)
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa
| | - Ronald Anderson
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.C.S.); (B.L.R.); (R.A.)
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Zhou Y, Cao L, Guo H, Hong Y, Wang M, Wang K, Huang X, Chang Y. Th2 polarization in target organs is involved in the alleviation of pathological damage mediated by transplanting granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-primed donor T cells. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 64:1087-1096. [PMID: 32880861 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1754-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is caused by allo-activated donor T cells infiltrating target organs. As a regulator of immune function, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been demonstrated to relieve the aGVHD reaction. However, the role of G-CSF-primed donor T cells in specific target organs is still unknown. In this study, we employed a classical MHC-mismatched transplantation mouse model (C57BL/6 into BALB/c) and found that recipient mice transplanted with G-CSF-primed T cells exhibited prolonged survival compared with that of the PBS-treated group. This protective function against GVHD mediated by G-CSF-primed donor T cells was further confirmed by decreased clinical and pathological scores in this aGVHD mouse model, especially in the lung and gut. Moreover, we found that T cells polarized towards Th2 cells and regulatory T cells were increased in specific target organs. In addition, G-CSF treatment inhibited inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) expression and increased the expression of tolerance-related genes in recipient mice. Our study provides new insight into the immune regulatory effects of G-CSF on T cell-mediated aGVHD, especially for its precise regulation in GVHD target organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of HSCT, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Leqing Cao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of HSCT, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Huidong Guo
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of HSCT, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yan Hong
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of HSCT, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of HSCT, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of HSCT, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of HSCT, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China. .,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Yingjun Chang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of HSCT, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China.
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Yang JZ, Zhang JQ, Sun LX. Mechanisms for T cell tolerance induced with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Mol Immunol 2015; 70:56-62. [PMID: 26703218 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been widely accepted as a mediator of T cell tolerance. The immune modulatory effect of G-CSF on T cells is believed to be mediated exclusively through other effector cells, such as monocytes, tolerogenic dendritic cells (DC), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Recent advances confirmed the direct effects of G-CSF in inducing immune tolerance of T cells through the G-CSF-G-CSF receptor pathway and related molecular mechanisms. This review aims to summarize the findings associated with the direct and indirect mechanisms for T cell tolerance induced with G-CSF. The role of G-CSF in preventing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and in treating autoimmune diseases (ADs) is also discussed. It is conceivable that G-CSF and immune cell compositions, such as tolerogenic DC and CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cells, modulated by G-CSF could become an integral part of the immunomodulatory therapies against GVHD and ADs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Zhu Yang
- Department of Pathology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jin-Qiao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li-Xia Sun
- Department of Hematology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Xu Q, Zheng F, Gong F, Fang M. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) gene transfer prolongs the survival of the murine cardiac allograft by attenuating interleukin-17-producing alloreactive T-cell responses. J Gene Med 2014; 16:66-74. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xu
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Feili Gong
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Ministry of Education; Wuhan Hubei China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Ministry of Health; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Min Fang
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Ministry of Education; Wuhan Hubei China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Ministry of Health; Wuhan Hubei China
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Guo H, Sun F, Huang W, Liu Z, Zhang S, Zhou Q, Liang C. The effect of rhG-CSF on spleen transcriptome in mouse leukopenia model induced by cyclophosphamide. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2014; 36:114-23. [PMID: 24611752 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2013.869696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT RhG-CSF significantly elevates the otherwise reduced numbers of leukocytes following chemotherapy. However, prior work has predominantly focused on the effect of rhG-CSF on the hematopoietic system, and few studies have focused on the immune system. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the effect of rhG-CSF on the immune system transcriptome in a mouse leukopenia model that was induced by cyclophosphamide. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cyclophosphamide leukopenia model was established in C57BL/6 mice, which were randomly divided into a normal control group (CK), a cyclophosphamide model group (CY) and a rhG-CSF treatment group (rhG-CSF). After 3 d of rhG-CSF treatment, a mouse gene expression microarray enabled evaluation of changes in the transcriptome in the mouse spleen. RESULTS About 3552 differentially expressed genes occurred among the three experimental groups, of which 74.9% (2659) concentrated on three gene expression patterns. Gene ontology and pathway analysis of 2659 differential genes showed that early in treatment when leukocyte counts remained low, rhG-CSF recovered the transcription of genes that were related to DNA damage repair and metabolism of nucleotides and amino acids. By contrast, rhG-CSF inhibited the transcription of genes involved in transendothelial migration and endocytosis, and dampened the transcription of genes associated with cell proliferation as compared with the CY group. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that rhG-CSF recovered metabolism in immune cells, suppressed in vivo immune defense, and attenuated immune cell proliferation in a cyclophosphamide induced leukopenia model. Use of gene expression microarrays can macroscopically and systematically inform the mechanism of rhG-CSF on immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Guo
- Department of Cytobiology, Institute of Frontier Medical Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun , China
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Lundqvist A, Smith AL, Takahashi Y, Wong S, Bahceci E, Cook L, Ramos C, Tawab A, McCoy JP, Read EJ, Khuu HM, Bolan CD, Joo J, Geller N, Leitman SF, Calandra G, Dunbar C, Kurlander R, Childs RW. Differences in the phenotype, cytokine gene expression profiles, and in vivo alloreactivity of T cells mobilized with plerixafor compared with G-CSF. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:6241-9. [PMID: 24244025 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Plerixafor (Mozobil) is a CXCR4 antagonist that rapidly mobilizes CD34(+) cells into circulation. Recently, plerixafor has been used as a single agent to mobilize peripheral blood stem cells for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Although G-CSF mobilization is known to alter the phenotype and cytokine polarization of transplanted T cells, the effects of plerixafor mobilization on T cells have not been well characterized. In this study, we show that alterations in the T cell phenotype and cytokine gene expression profiles characteristic of G-CSF mobilization do not occur after mobilization with plerixafor. Compared with nonmobilized T cells, plerixafor-mobilized T cells had similar phenotype, mixed lymphocyte reactivity, and Foxp3 gene expression levels in CD4(+) T cells, and did not undergo a change in expression levels of 84 genes associated with Th1/Th2/Th3 pathways. In contrast with plerixafor, G-CSF mobilization decreased CD62L expression on both CD4 and CD8(+) T cells and altered expression levels of 16 cytokine-associated genes in CD3(+) T cells. To assess the clinical relevance of these findings, we explored a murine model of graft-versus-host disease in which transplant recipients received plerixafor or G-CSF mobilized allograft from MHC-matched, minor histocompatibility-mismatched donors; recipients of plerixafor mobilized peripheral blood stem cells had a significantly higher incidence of skin graft-versus-host disease compared with mice receiving G-CSF mobilized transplants (100 versus 50%, respectively, p = 0.02). These preclinical data show plerixafor, in contrast with G-CSF, does not alter the phenotype and cytokine polarization of T cells, which raises the possibility that T cell-mediated immune sequelae of allogeneic transplantation in humans may differ when donor allografts are mobilized with plerixafor compared with G-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Lundqvist
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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