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Barbagallo F, Cannarella R, Garofalo V, Marino M, La Vignera S, Condorelli RA, Tiranini L, Nappi RE, Calogero AE. The Role of Irisin throughout Women's Life Span. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3260. [PMID: 38137481 PMCID: PMC10741019 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery, much attention has been drawn to irisin's potential role in metabolic and reproductive diseases. This narrative review summarizes and updates the possible role played by this fascinating molecule in different physiological (puberty and menopause) and pathological (polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA), endometriosis, and gestational diabetes) conditions that can affect women throughout their entire lives. Irisin appears to be an important factor for the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activation, and appears to play a role in the timing of puberty onset. Serum irisin levels have been proposed as a biomarker for predicting the future development of gestational diabetes (GDM). Its role in PCOS is still controversial, although an "irisin resistance" mechanism has been hypothesized. In addition to its impact on metabolism, irisin also appears to influence bone health. Irisin levels are inversely correlated with the prevalence of fractures in postmenopausal women. Similar mechanisms have also been postulated in young women with FHA. In clinical settings, further controlled, prospective and randomized clinical trials are needed to investigate the casual relationship between irisin levels and the conditions described and, in turn, to establish the role of irisin as a prognostic/diagnostic biomarker or a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Barbagallo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.B.); (V.G.); (M.M.); (S.L.V.); (R.A.C.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.B.); (V.G.); (M.M.); (S.L.V.); (R.A.C.); (A.E.C.)
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44125, USA
| | - Vincenzo Garofalo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.B.); (V.G.); (M.M.); (S.L.V.); (R.A.C.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Marta Marino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.B.); (V.G.); (M.M.); (S.L.V.); (R.A.C.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.B.); (V.G.); (M.M.); (S.L.V.); (R.A.C.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Rosita A. Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.B.); (V.G.); (M.M.); (S.L.V.); (R.A.C.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Lara Tiranini
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (L.T.); (R.E.N.)
| | - Rossella E. Nappi
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (L.T.); (R.E.N.)
- Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Gynecological Endocrinology and Menopause, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Aldo E. Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.B.); (V.G.); (M.M.); (S.L.V.); (R.A.C.); (A.E.C.)
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Pahlavani HA, Laher I, Weiss K, Knechtle B, Zouhal H. Physical exercise for a healthy pregnancy: the role of placentokines and exerkines. J Physiol Sci 2023; 73:30. [PMID: 37964253 PMCID: PMC10718036 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-023-00885-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Complications such as diabetes and preeclampsia can occur during pregnancy. Moderate-intensity exercise can prevent such complications by releasing placentokines and exerkines, such as apelin, adiponectin, leptin, irisin, and chemerin. Exercise and apelin increase thermogenesis and glucose uptake in pregnancy by activating AMPK, PI3K, PGC-1α, AKT1, UCP3, and sarcolipin. Exercise increases apelin levels to reduce preeclampsia symptoms by increasing eNOS, NO, placental growth factor (PlGF), and VEGF and decreasing levels of fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1), soluble endoglin (sEng), and oxidative stress. A negative relationship has been reported between plasma leptin and VO2peak/kg and VO2peak in women with gestational diabetes. In active women, decreases in leptin levels reduce the risk of preeclampsia by ~ 40%. Higher adiponectin levels are associated with greater physical activity and lead to increased insulin sensitivity. Increased adiponectin levels in preeclampsia and exercise counteract inflammatory and atherogenic activities while also having vascular protective effects. Exercise increases irisin levels that correlate negatively with fasting glucose, insulin concentration, and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Irisin augments mRNA expression levels of UCP1 and cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor-like effector A (cidea) to cause browning of adipose tissue, increased thermogenesis, and increased energy consumption. Irisin concentrations in mothers with preeclampsia in the third trimester negatively correlate with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Expression levels of chemerin, IL-6, and TNF-α are increased in gestational diabetes, and the increases in chemerin in late pregnancy positively correlate with the ratio of sFlt-1 to PlGF as a marker of preeclampsia. The effects of physical exercise on placentokines and exerkines in women at various stages of pregnancy remain poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Katja Weiss
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Medbase St Gallen Am Vadianplatz, Vadianstrasse 26, 9001, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Movement Sport, Health and Sciences Laboratory (M2S) UFR-STAPS, University of Rennes 2-ENS Cachan, Charles Tillon, France.
- Institut International Des Sciences Du Sport (2IS), Irodouer, France.
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Lis-Kuberka J, Pupek M, Orczyk-Pawiłowicz M. The Mother-Child Dyad Adipokine Pattern: A Review of Current Knowledge. Nutrients 2023; 15:4059. [PMID: 37764842 PMCID: PMC10535905 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An important role in the network of interconnections between the mother and child is played by adipokines, which are adipose tissue hormones engaged in the regulation of metabolism. Alternations of maternal adipokines translate to the worsening of maternal insulin resistance as well as metabolic stress, altered placenta functions, and fetal development, which finally contribute to long-term metabolic unfavorable conditions. This paper is the first to summarize the current state of knowledge concerning the concentrations of individual adipokines in different biological fluids of maternal and cord plasma, newborn/infant plasma, milk, and the placenta, where it highlights the impact of adverse perinatal risk factors, including gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm delivery, and maternal obesity on the adipokine patterns in maternal-infant dyads. The importance of adipokine measurement and relationships in biological fluids during pregnancy and lactation is crucial for public health in the area of prevention of most diet-related metabolic diseases. The review highlights the huge knowledge gap in the field of hormones participating in the energy homeostasis and metabolic pathways during perinatal and postnatal periods in the mother-child dyad. An in-depth characterization is needed to confirm if the adverse outcomes of early developmental programming might be modulated via maternal lifestyle intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Lis-Kuberka
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Division of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 48/50, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Orczyk-Pawiłowicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Division of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 48/50, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland
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Kabbani N, Blüher M, Stepan H, Stumvoll M, Ebert T, Tönjes A, Schrey-Petersen S. Adipokines in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of Clinical Data. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051419. [PMID: 37239090 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipokines are signaling proteins involved in metabolic, endocrinological, vascular and immunogenic processes. Associations of various adipokines with not only insulin resistance but also with increased insulin sensitivity, increased systolic blood pressure, and atherosclerosis highlight the significance of adipokines in several components of metabolic syndrome and metabolic diseases in general. As pregnancy presents a unique metabolic state, the role of adipokines in pregnancy, and even in various pregnancy complications, appears to be key to elucidating these metabolic processes. Many studies in recent years have attempted to clarify the role of adipokines in pregnancy and gestational pathologies. In this review, we aim to investigate the changes in maternal adipokine levels in physiological gestation, as well as the association of adipokines with pregnancy pathologies, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preeclampsia (PE). Furthermore, we will analyze the association of adipokines in both maternal serum and cord blood with parameters of intrauterine growth and various pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Kabbani
- Department of Obstetrics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, The University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Stepan
- Department of Obstetrics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Ebert
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Metabolic Adaptation in Lactation: Insulin-dependent and -independent Glycemic Control. J Transl Int Med 2022; 10:191-196. [PMID: 36776235 PMCID: PMC9901550 DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2022-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Khorasani ZM, Besharat M, Mehrad‐Majd H, Mohammadi SA, Mahmoudinia M. Comparison irisin peptide serum level in pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus: A case-control study. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2022; 5:e370. [PMID: 36117331 PMCID: PMC9659644 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic disease that affects mother and foetus during pregnancy, causing acute and chronic adverse effects. Irisin is proposed as a novel marker to predict GDM. The aim of this study was to assess the role of irisin peptide serum levels in gestational diabetes and compare with healthy pregnant women. METHODS This case-control study was conducted on women at 24 to 34 weeks of gestation in Ghaem Hospital affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences between May 2016 and June 2019. In two study groups, GDM and non-GDM women, an association between maternal serum irisin levels and clinical and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Maternal serum irisin levels were measured by an enzyme immunoassay method. Body mass index, serum levels of glucose, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin, haemoglobin A1C, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA IR) and irisin were evaluated. RESULTS Totally, 56 participants (30 non-GDM women and 26 women with GDM) were enrolled. Not statistically significant was observed in serum irisin levels between GDM and non-GDM women. (p = .814) Irisin levels were not significantly associated with maternal age, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, the number of pregnancies, gestational age, fasting blood sugar, insulin, HOMA IR, one-hour and two-hour serum glucose and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS There is no significant difference between GDM and non-GDM groups in the case of irisin value and later, no association of irisin with metabolic and anthropometric parameters. These findings need to be assessed in future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mazloum Khorasani
- Associate Professor of Endocrinology, Metabolic Syndrome Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Majid Besharat
- Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Hassan Mehrad‐Majd
- Molecular Medicine, Cancer Molecular Pathology Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | | | - Malihe Mahmoudinia
- Assistant Professor of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Fellowship of Infertility, Maternal & Neonatal Research Center, Faculty of MedicinesMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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Qi C, Song X, Wang H, Yan Y, Liu B. The role of exercise-induced myokines in promoting angiogenesis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:981577. [PMID: 36091401 PMCID: PMC9459110 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.981577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic diseases are a major cause of mortality or disability in the clinic. Surgical or medical treatment often has poor effect on patients with tissue and organ ischemia caused by diffuse stenoses. Promoting angiogenesis is undoubtedly an effective method to improve perfusion in ischemic tissues and organs. Although many animal or clinical studies tried to use stem cell transplantation, gene therapy, or cytokines to promote angiogenesis, these methods could not be widely applied in the clinic due to their inconsistent experimental results. However, exercise rehabilitation has been written into many authoritative guidelines in the treatment of ischemic diseases. The function of exercise in promoting angiogenesis relies on the regulation of blood glucose and lipids, as well as cytokines that secreted by skeletal muscle, which are termed as myokines, during exercise. Myokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), chemokine ligand (CXCL) family proteins, irisin, follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), have been found to be closely related to the expression and function of angiogenesis-related factors and angiogenesis in both animal and clinical experiments, suggesting that myokines may become a new molecular target to promote angiogenesis and treat ischemic diseases. The aim of this review is to show current research progress regarding the mechanism how exercise and exercise-induced myokines promote angiogenesis. In addition, the limitation and prospect of researches on the roles of exercise-induced myokines in angiogenesis are also discussed. We hope this review could provide theoretical basis for the future mechanism studies and the development of new strategies for treating ischemic diseases.
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KAYA SEZGİNER E, KIRLANGIÇ ÖF, EŞKİN TANRIVERDİ MD, TOPÇU HO, GÜR S. Analysis of Changes in Serum Levels and Gene Expression Profiles of Novel Adipocytokines (Omentin, Vaspin, Irisin and Visfatin) and Their Correlation with Serum C-reactive Protein Levels in Women Diagnosed with Endometriosis. Turk J Pharm Sci 2022; 19:48-53. [DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.52284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Shantavasinkul PC, Omotosho P, Corsino L, Muehlbauer MJ, Chattranukulchai P, Torquati A. Changes of Circulating Irisin and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Levels in Morbidly Obese Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2022; 32:817-822. [PMID: 35443789 PMCID: PMC9416543 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2021.0558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Irisin has been recently reported to provide beneficial effects in obesity and diabetes. Elevation of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) reflects the inflammatory state that has been shown to play a key role in obesity and its comorbidities. Objective: Our study aimed to compare the changes of circulating irisin levels in an obese diabetic population who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) versus a control-matched population who underwent usual medical care plus diabetes support education (DSE) program. In addition, we aimed to explore the association between circulating irisin and hs-CRP levels after the interventions. Methods: In a prospective controlled trial, we studied 58 obese individuals with type 2 diabetes before and 12 months after intervention. Twenty-nine subjects underwent LRYGB and 29 subjects received DSE. Results: At 12-month follow-up, compared with the DSE group, patients who underwent LRYGB lost more weight (LRYGB; -33.4 ± 11.2, and DSE; 0.2 ± 4.9 kg; P < .001), fat mass (P < .001), and fat-free mass (P < .05). Circulating irisin (P < .05) and hs-CRP level (P < .05) were also significantly lower. Within the LRYGB group, the reduction of irisin level was positively associated with the changes of hs-CRP levels (r = 0.39, P < .05). Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showing that LRYGB significantly reduces circulating irisin levels compared with usual medical care and DSE, in an obese diabetic population. After LRYGB, the irisin reduction significantly correlates with the reduction of hs-CRP. The elevation of circulating irisin levels suggests irisin resistance in the obese state and its decrease after LRYGB might reflect the resolution of irisin resistance. Future investigations are needed to confirm and explore the mechanisms of irisin resistance in obesity, its resolution after LRYGB, and the pathophysiological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapimporn Ch Shantavasinkul
- Division of Nutrition and Biochemical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Graduate Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Philip Omotosho
- Department of General Surgery, Center for Weight Loss and Bariatric Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Leonor Corsino
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael J Muehlbauer
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pairoj Chattranukulchai
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alfonso Torquati
- Department of General Surgery, Center for Weight Loss and Bariatric Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Jasem JAA, Al-Moayad HAQ. The relationship between serum levels of irisin and gestational diabetes. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF BABYLON 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_52_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Sahoo D, Pattanaik SR, Kumar PR, Gandhi R. Role of Serum Irisin During Early Pregnancy to Predict The Development of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus at 24-28 Weeks of Pregnancy in high-risk patients. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2022; 26:61-67. [PMID: 35662754 PMCID: PMC9162247 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_466_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the role of serum irisin during early pregnancy to predict the development of GDM at 24-28 weeks in high-risk patients. METHODOLOGY This study was conducted among the pregnant women attending the Department of Endocrinology and antenatal clinic of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of MKCG Medical College for a period of one year with at least one risk factor for the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Blood samples were collected for measurement of fasting plasma glucose, serum insulin, serum irisin, lipids (TC, LDL, HDL, TG), and HbA1c. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed using 75 g of glucose during the first trimester and between 24-28 weeks of pregnancy. Patients were diagnosed as GDM based upon IADPSG criteria at 24-28 weeks. Serum irisin, glycemic parameters, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance during first trimester were analyzed for predicting GDM between 24-28 weeks. RESULTS Sixty-five patients were included in the study, out of which 20 (30.8%) patients developed GDM and the rest 45 patients had normal glucose tolerance (NGT). The first trimester mean serum irisin concentration was significantly lower in women who later developed GDM compared with women who had NGT (111.65 ± 25.43 μg/L vs 185.89 ± 28.89 μg/L). Serum irisin concentration was the best predictor with an optimal threshold value of 149 μg/L, which had sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 90%, 91.1%, 81.8%, 95.3%, respectively, for predicting GDM at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy. CONCLUSION We suggest the utility of serum irisin as an early biomarker to predict the development of GDM later in pregnancy in high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devadarshini Sahoo
- Department of Endocrinology, MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Odisha, India
| | | | - Padala Ravi Kumar
- Department of Endocrinology, MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Odisha, India
| | - Ronak Gandhi
- Department of Endocrinology, MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Odisha, India
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Novel Biomolecules in the Pathogenesis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111578. [PMID: 34769010 PMCID: PMC8584125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic diseases in pregnant women. Its early diagnosis seems to have a significant impact on the developing fetus, the course of delivery, and the neonatal period. It may also affect the later stages of child development and subsequent complications in the mother. Therefore, the crux of the matter is to find a biopredictor capable of singling out women at risk of developing GDM as early as the very start of pregnancy. Apart from the well-known molecules with a proven and clear-cut role in the pathogenesis of GDM, e.g., adiponectin and leptin, a potential role of newer biomolecules is also emphasized. Less popular and less known factors with different mechanisms of action include: galectins, growth differentiation factor-15, chemerin, omentin-1, osteocalcin, resistin, visfatin, vaspin, irisin, apelin, fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), fibroblast growth factor 21, and lipocalin-2. The aim of this review is to present the potential and significance of these 13 less known biomolecules in the pathogenesis of GDM. It seems that high levels of FABP4, low levels of irisin, and high levels of under-carboxylated osteocalcin in the serum of pregnant women can be used as predictive markers in the diagnosis of GDM. Hopefully, future clinical trials will be able to determine which biomolecules have the most potential to predict GDM.
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Tang N, Chen Y, Wu W, Pan W, Wang D, Zhang J, Tan K, Jing J, Cai L. Association between plasma irisin in pregnancy and postpartum glucose levels among Chinese women: A cohort study. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:1723-1731. [PMID: 33522146 PMCID: PMC8409878 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION The association between plasma irisin and glucose levels in the general population is controversial, and few studies have longitudinally detected this correlation. We aimed to examine whether irisin in pregnancy was associated with postpartum glucose levels among Chinese women and explore the modifiable factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS We carried out a prospective cohort study in Guangzhou, China, during 2017 and 2018, and 453 pregnant women (20-28 weeks) were enrolled. Plasma irisin levels in pregnancy were tested. At 6-8 weeks after delivery, 93 women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, and the other 360 women had a fasting blood glucose (FBG) test. Multivariable linear, quantile and logistic regressions were carried out. RESULTS The mean plasma irisin in mid-pregnancy was 13.73 ng/mL. We observed a significantly negative association between mid-pregnancy irisin and postpartum FBG (β: -0.056 ± 0.024). However, quantile regression showed the association was only significant in high percentiles of FBG levels (P50 to P95 ), and the magnitude showed an increasing trend. Higher baseline irisin was also associated with a lower risk of postpartum impaired fasting glucose (relative risk 0.563, 95% confidence interval 0.384-0.825). Furthermore, we found significant interactions between irisin and predominant breast-feeding on FBG and impaired fasting glucose (both Pinteraction < 0.05). In women with GDM, baseline irisin was non-significantly associated with postpartum postprandial 2-h glucose levels (β: -0.305 ± 0.160, P = 0.061). CONCLUSIONS Plasma irisin levels in mid-pregnancy were negatively associated with FBG levels and impaired fasting glucose at 6-8 weeks postpartum among Chinese women, and stronger associations were observed in women with higher FBG values. Furthermore, breast-feeding might modify this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nu Tang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yajun Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Weijia Wu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of Scientific ResearchHainan Women and Children's Medical CenterHaikouChina
| | - Wenting Pan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Dongyu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jingshu Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Kaiyun Tan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jin Jing
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and HealthDepartment of NutritionSchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: a promising biomarker and therapeutic target. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1390-1400. [PMID: 33214697 PMCID: PMC8379181 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are the leading causes of death and disability worldwide and impose a tremendous socioeconomic burden on individuals as well as the healthcare system. Fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FNDC5) is a widely distributed transmembrane glycoprotein that can be proteolytically cleaved and secreted as irisin to regulate glycolipid metabolism and cardiovascular homeostasis. In this review, we present the current knowledge on the predictive and therapeutic role of FNDC5 in a variety of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, arrhythmia, metabolic cardiomyopathy, cardiac remodeling, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and obesity.
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15
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Chae SA, Son JS, Du M. Prenatal exercise in fetal development: a placental perspective. FEBS J 2021; 289:3058-3071. [PMID: 34449982 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Maternal obesity (MO) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are common in Western societies, which impair fetal development and predispose offspring to metabolic dysfunction. Placenta is the organ linking the mother to her fetus, and MO suppresses the development of vascular system and expression of nutrient transporters in placenta, thereby affecting fetal development. For maintaining its proper physiological function, placenta is energy demanding, which is met through extensive oxidative phosphorylation. However, the oxidative capacity of placenta is suppressed due to MO and GDM. Recently, several studies showed that physical activity during pregnancy enhances oxidative metabolism and improves placental function, which might be partially mediated by exerkines, referring to cytokines elicited by exercise. In addition, as an endocrine organ, placenta secretes cytokines, termed placentokines, including apelin, superoxide dismutase 3, irisin, and adiponectin, which mediate fetal development and maternal metabolism. Possible molecular mechanisms linking maternal exercise and placentokines to placental and fetal development are further discussed. As an emerging field, up to now, available studies are limited, mostly conducted in rodents. Given the epidemics of obesity and metabolic disorders, as well as the prevalence of maternal sedentary lifestyle, the effects of exercise of pregnant women on placental function and placentokine secretion, as well as their impacts on fetal development, need to be further examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Ah Chae
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Jun Seok Son
- Laboratory of Perinatal Kinesioepigenetics, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Min Du
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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16
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Onat T, Inandiklioglu N. Circulating Myonectin and Irisin Levels in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus - A Case-control Study. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2021; 225:320-326. [PMID: 33728620 DOI: 10.1055/a-1404-4323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the levels of serum myonectin and irisin in pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHOD A total of 80 pregnant women participated in our study (which consisted of 40 patients with GDM, 40 participants as the control group). Myonectin and irisin levels were analyzed through the ELISA technique, in addition to metabolic parameters in the serum samples of the participants. RESULTS It was found that the levels of irisin and myonectin were lower in the GDM group compared to the control group. Moreover, it was determined that the values of age (p<0.001), body mass index (p=0.001), gravida (p=0.001), parity (p = 0.016), fasting serum glucose (p=0.001), fasting serum insulin (p=0.007), postprandial serum glucose (p=0.006), HbA1c (p<0.001), HOMA-IR (p<0.001) were higher; HDL cholesterol (p<0.001) was lower. Insulin resistance was significantly higher in the GDM group. CONCLUSIONS Levels of myonectin and irisin were determined to be low in the GDM group. Our results have demonstrated that myonectin and irisin could play a role in the development of GDM and that irisin as well as myonectin could be a novel biomarker for GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylan Onat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bozok University Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey
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17
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De Sousa RAL, Peixoto MFD, Leite HR, Oliveira LRSD, Freitas DA, Silva-Júnior FAD, Oliveira HS, Rocha-Vieira E, Cassilhas RC, Oliveira DBD. Neurological consequences of exercise during prenatal Zika virus exposure to mice pups. Int J Neurosci 2020; 132:1091-1101. [PMID: 33287589 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1860970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/AIM Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during the pregnancy period is related to microcephaly and neurobehavioral disorders at birth, while prenatal exercise is supposed to provide neuroprotection in newborns pups. The aim of this study was to investigate the neurological consequences of exercise during prenatal ZIKV exposure to mice pups. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twelve weeks female mice were randomly assigned into three groups: Control group, intraperitoneally injected with saline (Control); untrained group, intraperitoneally injected with ZIKV (ZIKV); and trained group, intraperitoneally injected with ZIKV (ZIKV/swim). There was one familiarization week prior to the beginning of the swimming training. Dams swam for 60 min/session, 5 days/week, during 4 weeks. Mating occurred between the fifth and seventh day of the first week of the swimming training. ZIKV 106 plaque-forming units/100 µl (106 PFUs/100 µl) or an equal volume of saline was intraperitoneally injected in the pregnant mice at embryonic day 10.5. Pup's body mass and brain weight were measured at postnatal day 1 (P1). Behavioral tests were performed from P30 to P35. Thereafter, hippocampal levels of syntaxin-1, GFAP, IBA-1, and BDNF were measured. RESULTS Exercise during prenatal ZIKV exposure prevented brain atrophy, development of depression, anxiety, and disruption of social behavior. Exercise during prenatal ZIKV exposure inhibited the overexpression of microglia (IBA-1) and astrocytes (GFAP), with reduction of BDNF levels in the hippocampi of female and male mice pups. No significant changes were seen in syntaxin-1 levels. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal beneficial effects of exercise during pregnancy exposure to ZIKV in mice pups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- School of Biological Sciences and Health, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, São Paulo, Brazil.,Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociência e Exercício - GENE), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marco Fabrício Dias Peixoto
- School of Biological Sciences and Health, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, São Paulo, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hércules Ribeiro Leite
- School of Biological Sciences and Health, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Renan Sena de Oliveira
- School of Biological Sciences and Health, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, São Paulo, Brazil.,Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociência e Exercício - GENE), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel Almeida Freitas
- School of Biological Sciences and Health, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fidelis Antonio da Silva-Júnior
- School of Biological Sciences and Health, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henoque Santos Oliveira
- School of Biological Sciences and Health, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Etel Rocha-Vieira
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, São Paulo, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,School of Medicine, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- School of Biological Sciences and Health, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, São Paulo, Brazil.,Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociência e Exercício - GENE), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danilo Bretas de Oliveira
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, São Paulo, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,School of Medicine, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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18
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Shan D, Liu X, Cai Y, Qiao X, Xu L, Zou L. Irisin level and neonatal birthweight: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 254:25-32. [PMID: 32942074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Irisin is an important crosstalk myokine between adipose and muscle tissue. Disorders in irisin secretion can lead to fetal growth abnormalities and even lead to metabolic syndromes in adult life. This study aimed to evaluate the association between irisin level in umbilical cord blood and maternal serum with neonatal birthweight. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement and the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guideline were followed. A comprehensive search of eight databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CBM, CNKI, WANFANG and VIP) was performed from inception to November 2019. Studies with original date reporting irisin levels in newborns of small for gestational age (SGA) and newborns of large for gestational age (LGA) were included. Additionally, studies reporting correlation coefficients of irisin with birthweight were analyzed. Newcastle-Ottawa score system and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach were applied. Seventeen studies with 1866 participants were included. Pooled analysis indicated decreased cord irisin levels in SGA newborns (MD -10.57, 95 % CI -13.41 to -7.73) and increased irisin levels in LGA newborns (MD 3.80, 95 % CI 1.91-5.70). Umbilical cord irisin level was positively correlated with neonatal birthweight (r = 0.41 95 %CI 0.04 to 0.68). The pooled correlation coefficient of maternal serum irisin with birthweight has no statistical significance. This meta-analysis suggested that the umbilical cord irisin levels were impaired in fetal growth abnormalities. Umbilical cord blood irisin level was positively correlated with birthweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, China; Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Xijiao Liu
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yitong Cai
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyong Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, China; Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Liangzhi Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, China; Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan, China.
| | - Li Zou
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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19
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Cai L, Wu W, Lin L, Chen Y, Gao R, Shi B, Ma B, Chen Y, Jing J. Association between plasma irisin and glucose metabolism in pregnant women is modified by dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:1326-1335. [PMID: 32157816 PMCID: PMC7477509 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION The role of irisin in maternal glucose metabolism and how it would respond to dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) intake remains unclear. This study aimed to explore whether maternal plasma irisin is associated with glucose metabolism and whether this association is modified by dietary n-3 PUFA. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 932 pregnant women (20-28 weeks' gestation) aged 20-45 years were recruited. Dietary n-3 PUFA was estimated using a validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Plasma irisin and insulin were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and insulin resistance (IR) was estimated using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA). Gestational diabetes mellitus was diagnosed with a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Adjusted multivariable linear regression and logistic regression were carried out to examine the associations between plasma irisin and glucose metabolism. The moderating effect of dietary n-3 PUFA intake was determined by fully multiplicative models by including the interaction term. RESULTS Maternal plasma irisin was negatively associated with HOMA-IR and oral glucose tolerance test 0 h glucose level (β -0.250, -0.067; corrected P-value for false discovery rate = 0.012, 0.018, respectively), positively associated with HOMA of insulin sensitivity (β 0.028; corrected P-value for false discovery rate = 0.012), but not associated with postprandial glucose or the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, we found a moderating effect of dietary n-3 PUFA on the relationships of plasma irisin with HOMA-IR and HOMA of insulin sensitivity; these associations were strengthened with increased n-3 PUFA intake (β -0.037, 0.004; P = 0.014, 0.041, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Plasma irisin was negatively associated with HOMA-IR and fasting glucose, whereas it was positively associated with HOMA of insulin sensitivity in pregnant women. We first showed that these associations were modified by dietary n-3 PUFA intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cai
- Department of Maternal and Child HealthSchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of NutritionDiet and HealthGuangzhouChina
| | - Weijia Wu
- Department of Maternal and Child HealthSchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of Scientific ResearchHainan Women and Children's Medical CenterHaikouChina
| | - Lizi Lin
- Department of Maternal and Child HealthSchool of Public HealthPeking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina
| | - Yajun Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child HealthSchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Rui Gao
- Shenzhen Birth Cohort Study CenterNanshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of ShenzhenShenzhenChina
| | - Bijun Shi
- Department of Maternal and Child HealthSchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Bingjie Ma
- Department of Maternal and Child HealthSchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuming Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics and EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jin Jing
- Department of Maternal and Child HealthSchool of Public HealthSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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20
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Armistead B, Johnson E, VanderKamp R, Kula-Eversole E, Kadam L, Drewlo S, Kohan-Ghadr HR. Placental Regulation of Energy Homeostasis During Human Pregnancy. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5838263. [PMID: 32417921 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Successful pregnancies rely on sufficient energy and nutrient supply, which require the mother to metabolically adapt to support fetal needs. The placenta has a critical role in this process, as this specialized organ produces hormones and peptides that regulate fetal and maternal metabolism. The ability for the mother to metabolically adapt to support the fetus depends on maternal prepregnancy health. Two-thirds of pregnancies in the United States involve obese or overweight women at the time of conception. This poses significant risks for the infant and mother by disrupting metabolic changes that would normally occur during pregnancy. Despite well characterized functions of placental hormones, there is scarce knowledge surrounding placental endocrine regulation of maternal metabolic trends in pathological pregnancies. In this review, we discuss current efforts to close this gap of knowledge and highlight areas where more research is needed. As the intrauterine environment predetermines the health and wellbeing of the offspring in later life, adequate metabolic control is essential for a successful pregnancy outcome. Understanding how placental hormones contribute to aberrant metabolic adaptations in pathological pregnancies may unveil disease mechanisms and provide methods for better identification and treatment. Studies discussed in this review were identified through PubMed searches between the years of 1966 to the present. We investigated studies of normal pregnancy and metabolic disorders in pregnancy that focused on energy requirements during pregnancy, endocrine regulation of glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, cholesterol and lipid metabolism, and placental hormone regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Armistead
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Eugenia Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Robert VanderKamp
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Elzbieta Kula-Eversole
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Leena Kadam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Sascha Drewlo
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Hamid-Reza Kohan-Ghadr
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
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21
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Yavuzkir S, Ugur K, Deniz R, Ustebay DU, Mirzaoglu M, Yardim M, Sahin İ, Baykus Y, Karagoz ZK, Aydin S. Maternal and umbilical cord blood subfatin and spexin levels in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. Peptides 2020; 126:170277. [PMID: 32068104 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Subfatin and spexin are two novel adipokines implicated in glucose homeostasis. This study was designed to investigate changes in blood subfatin and spexin levels during gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and childbirth, and define the mechanisms of these hormones in the physiopathology of GDM. A total of 60 pregnant women, comprising 30 diagnosed with GDM and 30 with normal gestation, were included in the study. The diagnosis of GDM was made through a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) administered between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. The amounts of subfatin, spexin, and insulin were measured in blood samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays; lipid profiles, glucose, and other biochemical parameters were measured by using an autoanalyzer. Levels of subfatin and spexin were significantly higher in blood samples drawn at baseline (before OGTT) in mothers with GDM compared to those with normal gestation. Similar observations were made in maternal and cord blood sampled at the end of pregnancy. However, at delivery, the increase in subfatin and spexin concentrations observed at baseline was abrogated in both groups of pregnant women, although levels in mothers with GDM were comparatively higher. These results show that levels of subfatin and spexin increased because of GDM and suggest that these hormones could be potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and management of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyda Yavuzkir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
| | - Kader Ugur
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism Diseases), School of Medicine, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
| | - Rulin Deniz
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Kafkas University, 36000 Kars, Turkey
| | - Dondu Ulker Ustebay
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kafkas University, 36000 Kars, Turkey
| | - Miyase Mirzaoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
| | - Meltem Yardim
- Department of Biochemistry, Yerköy State Hospital, 66900 Yozgat, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Sahin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, (Firat Hormones Research Group), School of Medicine, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey; Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, 24100 Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Yakup Baykus
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Kafkas University, 36000 Kars, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Karaca Karagoz
- Fethi Sekin City Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism Diseases), 23119 Elazig, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Aydin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, (Firat Hormones Research Group), School of Medicine, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey.
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22
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Al-Ghazali MJ, Ali HA, Al-Rufaie MM. Serum irisin levels as a potential marker for diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2020; 91:56-63. [PMID: 32191655 PMCID: PMC7569595 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i1.7675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare serum irisin, trace elements (Zn, Cu, Mg) levels between the group of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and healthy pregnant group. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty pregnant women with GDM and 30 healthy pregnant women. The two groups were matched for maternal age, gestational age. Maternal serum irisin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit at 24-28 weeks of gestation. An association between maternal serum irisin levels and clinical and biochemical parameters was evaluated. Body mass index, serum levels of glucose, OGTT, insulin, HbA1C, HOMA IR, HOMAβ, Hb%, and irisin were investigated and analyzed in the study group and controls. RESULTS Pregnant women with GDM had significantly higher fasting blood glucose FBG (p = 0.004), first-houEr OGTT glucose (p = 0.001), second-hour OGTT glucose (p = 0.001), fasting insulin FI (p = 0.001) levels, HOMA IR (p = 0.001), HOMAβ (p = 0.001), HbA1C(p = 0.001), Hb% (p = 0.017), as compared to controls. serum irisin levels were significantly lower (p =0.001) in women subsequently developed GDM (mean ± SD =71.65±8.03) than healthy pregnant controls (mean ± SD 136.54±22.56). Correlation analysis between irisin levels and anthropometric and biochemical parameters in patients with gestational diabetes revealed that none of the investigated parameters correlated with serum irisin level. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that serum irisin levels might presented as a novel marker for GDM, with decreased levels of irisin being symptomatic of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanaa Addai Ali
- Kufa University, College of Science, Chemistry Department, Iraq.
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23
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Tutunchi H, Ostadrahimi A, Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ, Miryan M, Mobasseri M, Ebrahimi-Mameghani M. A systematic review of the association of neuregulin 4, a brown fat-enriched secreted factor, with obesity and related metabolic disturbances. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e12952. [PMID: 31782243 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4), a novel brown fat-enriched hormone, plays a key role in the modulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and energy balance. Recent data have demonstrated that the expression of Nrg4 is substantially down-regulated in mouse and human obesity, making its regulatory aspect intriguing. Because of the close relationship between Nrg4, obesity, and associated metabolic diseases, this systematic review aimed to assess the association of Nrg4 with obesity and related metabolic disturbances, emphasizing its possible mechanisms of action in these disorders. We searched PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, Scopus, EMBASE, ProQuest, and Google Scholar up until June 2019. The evidence reviewed here indicates that Nrg4 may contribute to the prevention of obesity and related metabolic complications by elevating brown adipose tissue activity, increasing the expression of thermogenic markers, decreasing the expression of lipogenic/adipogenic genes, exacerbating white adipose tissue browning, increasing the number of brite/beige adipocytes, promoting hepatic fat oxidation and ketogenesis, inducing neurite outgrowth, enhancing blood vessels in adipose tissue, increasing the circulatory levels of healthy adipokines, and improving glucose homeostasis. Thus, Nrg4 appears to be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of obesity and associated metabolic complications. However, prospective cohort studies are warranted to confirm these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helda Tutunchi
- Nutrition Research Center, Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mahsa Miryan
- Nutrition Research Center, Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Mobasseri
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehrangiz Ebrahimi-Mameghani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Kulhan NG, Kulhan M, Turkler C, Ata N, Kiremitli T, Kiremitli S. Could serum levels of irisin be used in gestational diabetes predicting? Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 58:434-437. [PMID: 31122538 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic disorder during pregnancy leading to acute and chronic complications in both mother and newborn. The pathogenesis of GDM has not been fully understood, However, since the disease shares risk factors with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a relationship between these two disease states is plausible. The recently discovered peptide irisin has been hypothesized to be a regulator of body metabolism. However, studies ended up with controversial results. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between irisin levels and gestational diabetes mellitus and the possible benefits of the metabolic profile. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis of circulating levels of irisin in 100 pregnant women similar for age and body mass index and the groups included 50 gestational diabetic patients and 50 healthy pregnant volunteers. Serum irisin levels were measured by ELISA kit. RESULTS Mean age and body mass index levels were similar in both groups. Median HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, Glucose 1 h, Glucose 2 h and fasting insülin levels were higher in with gestational diabetic patients compared to the control group. In gestational diabetic group, the median irisin level was lower than in the control group. CONCLUSION Serum irisin levels were lower in gestational diabetic patients. Further investigations are needed to explore the underlying biological effects of irisin on pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Gozde Kulhan
- Erzincan University Medical Faculty, Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kulhan
- Erzincan University Medical Faculty, Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, Erzincan, Turkey.
| | - Can Turkler
- Erzincan University Medical Faculty, Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Nahit Ata
- Erzincan University Medical Faculty, Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Tunay Kiremitli
- Erzincan University Medical Faculty, Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Sevil Kiremitli
- Erzincan University Medical Faculty, Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, Erzincan, Turkey
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Cui L, Qiao T, Xu F, Li Z, Chen T, Su H, Chen G, Zhang L, Xu D, Zhang X. Circulating irisin levels of prenatal and postnatal patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cytokine 2019; 126:154924. [PMID: 31864100 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS At present, there are few studies on the relationship between circulating irisin levels and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and the results are inconsistent. Therefore, this study conducts a systematic review and meta-analysis to comprehensively discuss the role of irisin in the occurrence and development of GDM. METHODS We searched the articles on the relationship between GDM and circulating irisin levels up to September 2019, using the CNKI, WANFANG-DATA, PubMed and the Web of Science databases. RESULTS Twenty two articles including 3563 participants were selected in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis found the blood irisin levels for GDM group were significantly lower than that for control group during pregnancy(SMD = -0.88, 95%CI: -1.34, -0.42, P < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference of irisin levels in the postpartum blood and cord blood between the two groups (SMD = -1.44, 95 %CI: -3.79, 0.92, P = 0.23; SMD = -0.17, 95 %CI: -0.59, 0.25, P = 0.42, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Compared with the control group, irisin levels in the GDM group during pregnancy are lower. However, it is no significant difference of irisin levels in the postpartum blood and cord blood. Irisin may play an important role in the occurrence and development of GDM, which needs further research to demonstrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Cui
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Tianyi Qiao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhonglei Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongli Su
- Department of Health, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guixia Chen
- Department of Health, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Health, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dongmei Xu
- Department of Health, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Sumsuzzman DM, Jin Y, Choi J, Yu JH, Lee TH, Hong Y. Pathophysiological role of endogenous irisin against tumorigenesis and metastasis: Is it a potential biomarker and therapeutic? Tumour Biol 2019; 41:1010428319892790. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428319892790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, there has been notable progress in understanding the molecular and cellular basis of the complex process involved in cancer. In this context, tumor-promoting inflammation, dysregulation of apoptotic signaling, tissue invasion and metastasis, and cancer microenvironment have recently attracted interest from researchers. Irisin is a hormone released by muscles during exercise and it directly acts on key functional cells involving energy metabolism and homeostasis. Recently, many studies have reported the anticancer effect of irisin against different types of cancer. Translation of these findings to clinical practice for the diagnosis and treatment of several types of cancer is urgently required. In this review, we summarized preclinical and clinical studies on the anticancer effects of irisin in various types of cancer, and also discussed the mechanisms activated by irisin to suppress cancer pathogenesis. We further discussed the serum level of irisin related to different types of cancer to understand more clearly the association between irisin concentration and tumor burden. This review may serve as a solid foundation for researchers and physicians to support basic and clinical studies on irisin as a promising strategy for early diagnosis and treatment of a various types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewan Md. Sumsuzzman
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
- Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
- Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Yunho Jin
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
- Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
- Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Choi
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
- Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
- Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hee Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yonggeun Hong
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
- Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
- Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Gimhae, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Harvard Medical School-Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Seven A, Yalinbas E, Kucur SK, Kocak E, Isiklar O, Yuksel B, Timur H, Erbakirci M, Keskin N. Comprehensive evaluation of irisin levels in fetomaternal circulation of pregnant women with obesity or gestational diabetes mellitus. Ir J Med Sci 2019; 188:1213-1219. [PMID: 31102072 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-019-02020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate maternal and cord blood irisin levels in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and in obese pregnant women without GDM. METHODS The study included 109 patients, with 34 patients in the GDM group, 40 in the obese non-GDM group, and 35 in the control group. Maternal serum irisin levels at the time of delivery were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The correlation of serum irisin levels with metabolic parameters and anthropometric measurements was analyzed. RESULTS There were significant differences between the study groups in terms of cord arterial, cord venous, and maternal serum irisin levels (P < 0.001, P < 0.01, P < 0.001, respectively). Cord arterial, cord venous, and maternal serum irisin levels were higher in the obese group compared to the control (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, respectively) and the GDM group (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION Elevation in irisin levels of women who have pregnancies complicated with obesity may be explained as part of the compensation mechanism against disturbed metabolic functions. Pregnant individuals with GDM have lower serum irisin levels in comparison to healthy pregnant women. In this regard, it is possible that the measurement of serum irisin levels may be utilized in the future for prediction, prevention, and treatment of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Seven
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kutahya, Dumlupinar University School of Medicine, Kütahya, Turkey.
| | - Esin Yalinbas
- Department of Pediatrics Kutahya, Dumlupinar University School of Medicine, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Suna Kabil Kucur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kutahya, Dumlupinar University School of Medicine, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Emel Kocak
- Department of Biochemistry Kutahya, Dumlupinar University School of Medicine, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Ozben Isiklar
- Department of Biochemistry Kutahya, Dumlupinar University Kutahya Evliya Celebi Training and Research Hospital, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Beril Yuksel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kutahya, Dumlupinar University School of Medicine, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Hakan Timur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Ankara, Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Training and Research Hospital, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Erbakirci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kutahya, Dumlupinar University School of Medicine, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Nadi Keskin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kutahya, Dumlupinar University School of Medicine, Kütahya, Turkey
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Narvaez-Sanchez R, Calderón JC, Vega G, Trillos MC, Ospina S. Skeletal muscle as a protagonist in the pregnancy metabolic syndrome. Med Hypotheses 2019; 126:26-37. [PMID: 31010495 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The pregnant woman normally shows clinical manifestations similar to a metabolic syndrome (MS), due to her metabolic and hemodynamic adaptations in order to share nutrients with the child. If those adjustments are surpassed, a kind of pregnancy MS (PregMS) could appear, characterized by excessive insulin resistance and vascular maladaptation. Skeletal muscle (SKM) must be a protagonist in the PregMS: SKM strength and mass have been associated inversely with MS incidence in non-pregnant patients, and in pregnant women muscular activity modulates metabolic and vascular adaptations that favor better outcomes. Of note, a sedentary lifestyle affects exactly in the other way. Those effects may be explained not only by the old paradigm of SKM being a great energy consumer and store, but because it is an endocrine organ whose chronic activity or deconditioning correspondingly releases myokines modulating insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular adaptation, by direct or indirect mechanisms not well understood. In this document, we present evidence to support the concept of a PregMS and hypothesize on the role of the SKM mass, fiber types composition and myokines in its pathophysiology. Also, we discuss some exercise interventions in pregnancy as a way to test our hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Narvaez-Sanchez
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia; Red iberoamericana de trastornos vasculares y del embarazo, RIVATREM, Colombia.
| | - Juan C Calderón
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia. http://www.udea.edu.co/physis
| | - Gloria Vega
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia. http://www.udea.edu.co/physis
| | - Maria Camila Trillos
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia. http://www.udea.edu.co/physis
| | - Sara Ospina
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia. http://www.udea.edu.co/physis
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Szumilewicz A, Worska A, Piernicka M, Kuchta A, Jastrzębski Z, Radzimiński Ł, Kozłowska M, Micielska K, Ziemann E. Acute Postexercise Change in Circulating Irisin Is Related to More Favorable Lipid Profile in Pregnant Women Attending a Structured Exercise Program and to Less Favorable Lipid Profile in Controls: An Experimental Study with Two Groups. Int J Endocrinol 2019; 2019:1932503. [PMID: 30944566 PMCID: PMC6421761 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1932503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The blood irisin concentrations may be affected both by exercise and pregnancy. We aimed to determine acute responses in serum irisin after a single exercise session and relationships between exercise-induced changes in this hormone and lipid profile in pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS It was an experimental study in 20 Caucasian women in normal pregnancy (age 30 ± 3 years, 28 ± 6 weeks of gestation; mean ± SD). Participants were assigned to training (n = 8) and control groups (n = 12). Before the experiment, women from the training group attended a structured exercise program 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Blood samples were collected before and 30 minutes after a single bout of 60-minute moderate- to high-intensity exercise to determine serum levels of irisin, insulin, glucose concentration, and lipid profile. RESULTS At baseline, we recorded slightly lower irisin levels in the training group compared to controls (12.2 ± 2.4 and 13.9 ± 3.3 ng · ml-1, respectively). Only in the training group all women presented increase in irisin levels after exercise (on average by 14%); and this change was statistically significant (p = 0.002). In the controls, we found positive significant relationships between postexercise irisin change and low-density lipoproteins (R = 0.594; p = 0.04) and total cholesterol (R = 0.734; p = 0.006). Surprisingly, in the training group, these relationships were also significant but inverse (R = -0.738 and p = 0.036; R = -0.833 and p = 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Training and control pregnant women responded differently to a single exercise session, both in the postexercise change in irisin and its relationship to the blood lipids. Only in the training group we observed the postexercise increase in irisin, which was related to more favorable lipid profile. Systematic prenatal physical activity may optimize the postexercise irisin response and lipid metabolism regulated by this hormone. Therefore, exercise programs should be promoted in pregnant women and obstetric care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szumilewicz
- Department of Fitness and Strength Conditioning, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Poland
| | - Aneta Worska
- Department of Fitness and Strength Conditioning, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Poland
| | - Magdalena Piernicka
- Department of Fitness and Strength Conditioning, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kuchta
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Jastrzębski
- Department of Biomedical Health Basics, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Poland
| | - Łukasz Radzimiński
- Department of Biomedical Health Basics, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Poland
| | - Marta Kozłowska
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Micielska
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Ziemann
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
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Wang P, Ma HH, Hou XZ, Song LL, Song XL, Zhang JF. Reduced plasma level of irisin in first trimester as a risk factor for the development of gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 142:130-138. [PMID: 29852234 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this prospective cohort study was to investigate the association of first trimester irisin concentrations and the subsequent development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS This cohort study was conducted at three maternity centers in China from July 2015 to June 2016. Data for fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and irisin concentrations in the first trimester and one-step GDM screening with 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Plasma from women was available for 1150 women, of whom 135 (11.7%) developed GDM. The median value of irisin in those included women was 141.2 (IQR, 99.4-192.9) ng/ml. In multivariate models comparing the first (Q1), second (Q2) and third (Q3) quartiles against the fourth (Q4) quartile of irisin, levels of irisin in Q1 and Q2 were associated with GDM, and increased risk of GDM by 440% (odds ratios [OR] = 5.40; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 2.35-11.40) and 283% (OR: 3.83; 95%CI: 1.63-8.01). A model containing known risk factors plus irisin compared with a model containing known risk factors without irisin showed a greater discriminatory ability to predict GDM, the area under the curve (AUC) increased from 0.776 to 0.809. A significant difference in the AUC between the clinical variables alone and the addition of irisin level was observed (difference, 0.034; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Reduced plasma levels of irisin in first trimester was associated with the increased risk of GDM and might be useful in identifying women at risk for GDM for early prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Obstetrical Department 1, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, China
| | - He-Hong Ma
- Obstetrical Department 1, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, China
| | - Xiu-Zhen Hou
- Obstetrical Department 1, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, China
| | - Li-Li Song
- Obstetrical Department 1, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, China
| | - Xiao-Long Song
- Obstetrical Department 1, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, China
| | - Jun-Feng Zhang
- Obstetrical Department 1, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, China.
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Irisin Maternal Plasma and Cord Blood Levels in Mothers with Spontaneous Preterm and Term Delivery. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:7628957. [PMID: 29997715 PMCID: PMC5994565 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7628957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Irisin, an adipomyokine identified in 2012, has been investigated in association with common pregnancy complications, including gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction. The objective of this study is to examine the potential role of irisin in preterm birth (PTB) by comparing its level between mothers with term and preterm labor. Maternal peripheral blood and cord blood samples were collected from 30 mothers who delivered prematurely and from 35 mothers who delivered at term. Irisin concentrations were measured in all samples using ELISA, and four common single nucleotide polymorphisms in the irisin gene were determined (rs16835198, rs726344, rs3480, and rs1746661). Univariable and multivariable regression modeling was applied to evaluate maternal and cord blood irisin concentrations in relation to preterm/term labor. Irisin concentration in umbilical cord blood was found to be associated with PTB in the univariable model (p = 0.046). On the other hand, no differences in maternal blood irisin levels between mothers with preterm and term deliveries were established. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study determining irisin levels in term and preterm deliveries in maternal peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood. Our study shows a possible association between cord blood irisin concentration and PTB occurrence.
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Fatima SS, Khalid E, Ladak AA, Ali SA. Colostrum and mature breast milk analysis of serum irisin and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins-1c in gestational diabetes mellitus. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 32:2993-2999. [PMID: 29609490 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1454422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: We aimed to evaluate irisin and SREBP-1c levels in serum, colostrum and mature breast milk in women with and without gestational diabetes (GDM); and to relate them with maternal glucose, lipid profile and weight status of babies. Methods: GDM positive women (n = 33) and normal glucose tolerant women (NGT) (n = 33) were recruited. Maternal blood samples were collected at 28th week of gestation and later at 6-week post-partum while breast milk samples of the lactating mothers were collected within 72 hours of birth (colostrum) and at 6 weeks post-partum (mature milk). Irisin and SREBP-1c levels were analyzed by commercially available ELISA kits for all maternal samples. Results: Lower levels of irisin were seen in serum, colostrum and mature breast milk of GDM females (p < .01). SREBP-1c profile showed a similar trend of low serum levels in GDM, however, they were undetectable in colostrum and mature breast milk. Weak to moderate correlations of serum irisin with BMI (r = 0.439; p < .001), GTT 0 hours (r = 0.403; p = .01), HbA1c (r = -0.312; p = .011), Fasting blood glucose (r = 0.992; p = .008), and baby weight at birth (r = 0.486; p < .001). Colostrum and mature breast milk irisin showed positive associations with baby weight at 6 weeks (r = 0.325; p = .017; r = 0.296; p = .022, respectively). Serum SREBP-1c at 6 weeks correlated with random blood glucose (r = 0.318; p = .009), and HbA1c (r= -0.292; p = .011). All correlations were lost once we adjusted for maternal BMI. Conclusions: Low irisin and SREBP1-c levels may favor development of GDM in pregnant subjects. Further, low mature breast milk levels may act as a continued stressor from fetal to infant life as long as breast-feeding is continued. Further studies are required to identify the mechanistic relationship between these biomarkers and GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Sadia Fatima
- a Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences , Aga Khan University , Karachi , Pakistan
| | - Erum Khalid
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Hamdard University , Karachi , Pakistan
| | | | - Syed Adnan Ali
- d Department of Statistics , University of Karachi , Karachi , Pakistan
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Polyzos SA, Anastasilakis AD, Efstathiadou ZA, Makras P, Perakakis N, Kountouras J, Mantzoros CS. Irisin in metabolic diseases. Endocrine 2018; 59:260-274. [PMID: 29170905 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1476-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Irisin is a myokine/adipokine induced by the exercise in mice and humans, which is proposed to induce "browning" of white adipose tissue, its primary target, thus increasing thermogenesis and energy expenditure. Since its identification, irisin has been linked to favorable effects on metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), lipid metabolism and cardiovascular disease (CVD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and metabolic bone diseases. Generally, despite the promising profile of irisin in rodents, its effects on human are less recognized. REVIEW Most, but not all studies show a positive association between irisin and indices of adiposity. In T2DM, NAFLD, and CVD, most observational studies reported lower irisin levels in patients than controls. Regarding metabolic bone diseases, irisin is positively associated with bone mineral density and strength in athletes, and inversely associated with osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis. In PCOS, data remain largely conflicting. Irisin does not seem to be further reduced when two metabolic diseases, e.g., T2DM and NAFLD, or obesity and NAFLD exist though more data are needed. Furthermore, it seems that diverse confounders may have affected the results of different clinical studies. CONCLUSION Irisin remains an appealing molecule from a pathophysiological point of view and an appealing therapeutic target for metabolic diseases, albeit much research is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stergios A Polyzos
- First Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | - Zoe A Efstathiadou
- Department of Endocrinology, Ippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Polyzois Makras
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 251 Hellenic Air Force General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Perakakis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jannis Kountouras
- Second Medical Clinic, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Martinez Munoz IY, Camarillo Romero EDS, Garduno Garcia JDJ. Irisin a Novel Metabolic Biomarker: Present Knowledge and Future Directions. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:7816806. [PMID: 30402097 PMCID: PMC6198573 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7816806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rising prevalence of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases owing to fat mass excess has been described. In recent years, muscle function/dysfunction has become relevant in metabolic homeostasis. Irisin was described as an exercise-induced myokine. It is the product of type I membrane protein cleavage encoded by the fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5) gene. The main beneficial function attributable to irisin is the change of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue into brown adipose tissue, with a consequential increase in thermogenesis. Irisin has also been described as a hormone that may have a key role in glucose homeostasis. The way the association of type 2 diabetes with obesity occurs is not fully understood. In recent years, the possible pathways through which irisin could interact with other organs such as the brain or bone have been described. The present paper intends to review the new findings and possible new directions in irisin research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Yessabel Martinez Munoz
- Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de México, Cuerpo Academico Salud del Universitario, Mexico
| | - Eneida del Socorro Camarillo Romero
- Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de México, Cuerpo Academico Salud del Universitario, Mexico
- Facultad de Química de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Jose de Jesus Garduno Garcia
- Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de México, Cuerpo Academico Salud del Universitario, Mexico
- Hospital General Regional No. 251, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico
- Fundación IMSS A.C., Mexico
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Jasim Aliz F, Khaliq Sho HA. Serum Irisin, Level and Validity in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Iraqi Women: A Pilot Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/rjog.2018.36.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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The Exercise-Induced Irisin Is Associated with Improved Levels of Glucose Homeostasis Markers in Pregnant Women Participating in 8-Week Prenatal Group Fitness Program: A Pilot Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9414525. [PMID: 29226153 PMCID: PMC5684569 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9414525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Both exercise and pregnancy influence serum irisin concentration. Aim To determine how the interaction of pregnancy and exercise affects irisin level and whether various patterns of exercise adherence had different effect on irisin concentration. Methods It was a one-group pretest-posttest study among 9 Caucasian nulliparous healthy women in normal pregnancy (age 23 ± 3 years, 21 ± 2 weeks of gestation; mean ± SD) who participated in 8-week group fitness program. Before and after exercise intervention, we determined serum concentrations of irisin and selected parameters of lipid profile and glucose homeostasis markers. Results In active women, irisin slightly decreased with the development of pregnancy. After 8 weeks of exercising, irisin correlated negatively with fasting glucose (R = -0.922; p = 0.001), glycated hemoglobin (R = -0.784; p = 0.012), and insulin concentrations (R = -0.845; p = 0.004). In women exercising below recommended level, we observed a significant drop in irisin concentration, whereas in women exercising at least three times a week this myokine slightly increased (31% difference; 90% confidence limits ±28; a large, clear effect). Conclusions Irisin stimulated by prenatal exercise may improve glucose homeostasis markers in healthy women and compensate for metabolic changes induced by pregnancy. Moreover, the frequency of exercise may regulate the changes in exercise-induced irisin concentration.
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Irisin stimulates cell proliferation and invasion by targeting the PI3K/AKT pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:585-591. [PMID: 28867187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Irisin is a newly identified myokine that may be cancer-associated, and its impact on liver cancer is unclear. To understand the roles of irisin in liver cancer, we investigated its effect in HepG2 and SMCC7721 hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and the underlying mechanisms. We determined irisin levels in liver tissues and serum samples obtained from patients by using real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Irisin levels in cancerous livers were significantly upregulated compared with those in control livers, but serum irisin levels remained unchanged. Additionally, we evaluated the effects of different concentrations of human recombinant modified and active (glycosylated) irisin (IM) or human recombinant nonmodified irisin (INM) on cell migration, proliferation, viability, and invasiveness. CCK8, transwell, and scratching assays demonstrated that irisin significantly increased cell proliferation, invasion, and migration through activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Irisin-induced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were blocked by a PI3K inhibitor (LY294002). Irisin also decreased the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin in HepG2 cells. These data indicate that increased irisin levels may have protective roles in liver cancer cells through partial activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, which may facilitate liver cancer progression and decrease the sensitivity to chemotherapy.
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Kralisch S, Hoffmann A, Kratzsch J, Blüher M, Stumvoll M, Fasshauer M, Ebert T. The brown-fat-secreted adipokine neuregulin 4 is decreased in gestational diabetes mellitus. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2017; 44:150-154. [PMID: 28709749 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Neuregulin 4 has recently been recognized as a novel adipokine secreted by brown adipose tissue (BAT), with beneficial effects on murine insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Yet, thus far, neither regulation of neuregulin 4 in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) nor its longitudinal changes in the peripartum period have been elucidated. METHODS Circulating neuregulin 4 levels were measured by ELISA in 74 women with GDM and 74 healthy, gestational-age-matched controls. Also, neuregulin 4 was quantified during pregnancy and compared with postpartum levels in a follow-up study of 25 women with previous GDM and 25 healthy control women. RESULTS Women with GDM had lower median serum levels of the novel BAT-secreted adipokine neuregulin 4 (3.0μg/L) compared with healthy (non-GDM) pregnant controls (3.5μg/L; P=0.020), and the area under the glucose curve (AUCGlucose) was an independent and negative predictor of circulating neuregulin 4 (P=0.033). Also, median postpartum serum concentrations of neuregulin 4 (3.2μg/L) were not significantly different from prepartum levels (2.8μg/L; P=0.328). In addition, neuregulin 4 was positively and independently associated with irisin (P=0.009), but not other BAT-secreted adipokines. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION Women with GDM have significantly lower circulating neuregulin 4 levels compared with healthy pregnant controls, and the AUCGlucose is negatively and independently associated with neuregulin 4 during pregnancy. Neuregulin 4 is positively correlated with irisin during pregnancy, as well as in a longitudinal fashion. Future studies are now needed to better elucidate the precise pathomechanisms of the regulation of BAT-secreted adipokines during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kralisch
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Hoffmann
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Kratzsch
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Blüher
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Stumvoll
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Fasshauer
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - T Ebert
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Trombeta JCDS, Prestes J, Nascimento DDC, Tibana RA, Pereira GB, Lima TDR, Fraga GA, Vieira-Junior RC, Voltarelli FA. New insights into the effects of irisin levels in HIV-infected subjects: correlation with adiposity, fat-free mass, and strength parameters. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2017; 61:382-390. [PMID: 28658348 PMCID: PMC10118935 DOI: 10.1590/2359-3997000000270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have an increased risk of metabolic disorders and alterations on irisin levels. Therefore, the purpose of the current investigation was to quantify the circulating irisin concentration in HIV-infected subjects under highly active antiretroviral therapy and to determine possible correlations between irisin levels with fat mass, fat-free mass, body mass index (BMI), and muscle strength. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Cross-sectional study of 10 men (36.7 ± 11.3 years) and 10 women (42.5 ± 10.3 years) infected with HIV, recruited from the Specialized Service Center in the State Center of Reference for High and Medium Complexity. Blood samples were collected to determine plasma irisin levels, glucose, HDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL. Body composition (fat mass, fat-free mass) and anthropometrics (body mass index; BMI) were measured by bioelectrical impedance. Muscle strength was assessed using a mechanic hand dynamometer and one maximum repetition tests. RESULTS Irisin levels correlated positively with fat mass (r = 0.67; p = 0.001) and BMI (r = 0.48; p = 0.036). In contrast, there was an inverse correlation between irisin levels and fat-free mass (r = -0.41; p = 0.008) and five strength parameters: right hand grip (r = -0.46; p = 0.044); left hand grip (r = -0.50; p = 0.027), relative hand grip (r = -0.79; p = 0.001), bench press (r = -0.58; p = 0.009), leg press (r = -0.40; p = 0.085), and biceps curl (r = -0.059; p = 0.009). CONCLUSION Irisin levels correlated positively with body fat and negatively with fat-free mass and strength parameters in HIV-infected patients. Female patients infected with HIV receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy have higher levels of irisin compared with men in a similar circumstance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonato Prestes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB), Brasília, DF. Brasil
| | - Dahan da Cunha Nascimento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB), Brasília, DF. Brasil
| | - Ramires Alsamir Tibana
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB), Brasília, DF. Brasil
| | - Guilherme Borges Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB), Brasília, DF. Brasil
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Usluoğullari B, Usluogullari CA, Balkan F, Orkmez M. Role of serum levels of irisin and oxidative stress markers in pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes. Gynecol Endocrinol 2017; 33:405-407. [PMID: 28277125 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2017.1284789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Irisin regulates glucose levels, lipid levels, insulin sensitivity, and low-grade inflammation. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic complication of pregnancy, and is associated with increased rates of perinatal problems. Oxidative stress biomarkers have a role in the pathogenesis of patients with GDM. In total, 94 patients were included in our study including 46 control patients and 48 patients with GDM. Fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR, total oxidative stress (TOS), irisin, and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels of the patients were measured. Serum OGTT, OSI, irisin HOMA, TOS, and insulin levels were statistically significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group. This was the first study to investigate the relation between serum irisin levels and oxidative stress markers in patients with GDM. The results revealed that irisin is an oxidative stress marker and a metabolic protective hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betül Usluoğullari
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Medikal Park Hospital , Gaziantep , Turkey
| | | | - Fevzi Balkan
- c Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Medicana Hospital , İstanbul , Turkey , and
| | - Mustafa Orkmez
- d Department of Biochemistry , Sehitkamil State Hospital , Gaziantep , Turkey
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Kralisch S, Hoffmann A, Lössner U, Kratzsch J, Blüher M, Stumvoll M, Fasshauer M, Ebert T. Regulation of the novel adipokines/ hepatokines fetuin A and fetuin B in gestational diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 2017; 68:88-94. [PMID: 28183456 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fetuin B has recently been introduced as a novel adipokine/hepatokine which is significantly increased in hepatic steatosis and mediates impaired insulin action, as well as glucose intolerance. However, regulation of fetuin B in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), as well as its longitudinal changes in the peripartum period, have not been elucidated, so far. DESIGN AND METHODS Circulating fetuin A and fetuin B were quantified in 74 women with GDM and 74 healthy and gestational age-matched controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay during pregnancy (median gestational age: 201days). Furthermore, fetuin B was quantified during pregnancy as compared to postpartum levels in a follow-up study (median time after delivery: 4years and 115days). RESULTS Median [interquartile range] serum fetuin B levels were significantly higher in women with GDM (4.8 [1.7] mg/l) as compared to non-diabetic pregnant controls (4.3 [1.2] mg/l) (p=0.013) during pregnancy. In multivariate analysis, GDM status, insulin resistance, and fetuin A were independent and positive predictors of circulating fetuin B. Furthermore, fetuin B serum concentrations significantly decreased after delivery from 4.6 [1.7] mg/l (prepartum) to 3.0 [2.2] mg/l (postpartum) in all women (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Women with GDM have significantly higher fetuin B levels as compared to healthy pregnant control women and GDM status, insulin resistance, and fetuin A positively predict circulating fetuin B. Postpartum fetuin B is decreased as compared to prepartum values suggesting a placental co-secretion of this novel adipokine/hepatokine. Further studies need to elucidate factors contributing to fetuin B regulation in humans, as well as the pathophysiological significance of fetuin B upregulation in GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Kralisch
- University of Leipzig, Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB AdiposityDiseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annett Hoffmann
- University of Leipzig, Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Lössner
- University of Leipzig, Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB AdiposityDiseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kratzsch
- University of Leipzig, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- University of Leipzig, Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- University of Leipzig, Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mathias Fasshauer
- University of Leipzig, Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB AdiposityDiseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Ebert
- University of Leipzig, Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB AdiposityDiseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Hernandez-Trejo M, Garcia-Rivas G, Torres-Quintanilla A, Laresgoiti-Servitje E. Relationship between Irisin Concentration and Serum Cytokines in Mother and Newborn. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165229. [PMID: 27828992 PMCID: PMC5102349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Irisin is considered to be a myokine and adipokine that may also participate in reproductive functions, as it increases significantly throughout pregnancy. However, the regulation of circulating irisin and its relationship with other cytokines has not been assessed thus far in pregnant women and their offspring. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in irisin and cytokine concentrations between women at the end of pregnancy and their offspring, as well as the relationship between maternal and newborn irisin and maternal and newborn biomarkers. Methods Twenty-eight mother/newborn pairs were included in this study. The following biomarkers were evaluated in maternal venous and arterial umbilical cord blood samples: irisin, 27 cytokine panel, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total plasma protein, and free fatty acid concentration. Results The newborns had significantly lower irisin concentrations compared to their mothers (p = 0.03), but this difference was present only in babies born from mothers without labor prior to cesarean section delivery (p = 0.01). No significant differences in maternal and newborn irisin concentrations were found between diabetic and non-diabetic mothers or between overweight/obese and normal weight mothers. A significant positive correlation was found between TAC level and irisin concentration in newborns. Maternal and newborn interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1RA, IL-5, IL-7, and interferon gamma-induced protein (IP)-10 levels were significantly positively correlated with irisin concentrations in both study groups. In addition, maternal IL1β, IL-5, IL-7, and IP-10 levels positively predicted maternal irisin concentrations. Furthermore, arterial cord blood TAC and IL-1β and IL1-RA levels positively predicted newborn irisin concentrations. Multiple regression analyses showed that maternal IL-13 negatively predicted offspring irisin levels (p = 0.03) and that maternal IL-1β positively predicted newborn irisin concentrations (p = 0.046). Conclusion No evidence was found that serum irisin concentrations in mothers at pregnancy termination or those of their newborns correlated with maternal body mass index, the presence of diabetes mellitus, or free fatty acid levels. However, the results of this study indicated that cytokines might predict irisin concentration in mothers and their offspring, although interactions between irisin levels during pregnancy and the newborn have not yet been fully elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hernandez-Trejo
- Neurobiology of Development, Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Garcia-Rivas
- Catedra de Cardiologia, Escuela Nacional de Medicina, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, México
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica, Hospital Zambrano-Hellion, Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza-Garcia, Mexico
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Keleş E, Turan FF. Evaluation of cord blood irisin levels in term newborns with small gestational age and appropriate gestational age. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1757. [PMID: 27795900 PMCID: PMC5056925 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2869-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Most recently, a novel myokine, named irisin, was identified in human that expressed by skeletal muscle after exercise. Irisin increases energy expenditure by turning white adipose tissue into brown adipose tissue. Thus improves carbohydrate homeostasis in humans. Irisin is considered as a potential biomarker for obesity and metabolic syndrome. In recent years, numerous studies have been conducted about irisin with adults, although number of studies with newborns is limited. Objective To evaluate cord blood irisin level with small gestational age (SGA) and appropriate gestational age (AGA) in term newborns. Methods A cross-sectional study of 34 AGA and 34 SGA term newborns who were born in (1–30) December 2015 in Fatih University Hospital. Estimated fetal weight were calculated using the Hadlock formula by gynecologists to pregnant women in second trimester. All the babies were classified at birth as SGA or AGA. SGA was defined according to the Lubchenco scale for gender and gestational age. We collected umbilical cord blood at the time of delivery. Cord blood irisin levels were measured using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in our hospital laboratory. Results Cord blood irisin levels were significantly lower in SGA group [median 30 (25 ± 8) ng/ml] than in AGA group [median 40 (39 ± 13) ng/ml, p < 0.001]. No statistically significant differences were observed among the groups in terms of the demographic features (gender, mode of delivery, gestational weeks, 1–5 min Apgar score) (p > 0.05). Mothers with gestational diabetes, hypertension, asthma, chronic disease, use of drug or a history of smoking exposure were excluded from the study. When the study data were evaluated, Yates Continuity Correction and Fisher’s exact tests were used in descriptive statistical methods and for comparison of qualitative data. Conclusion Our results support the idea that irisin have a physiologic role in neonates. Low level of irisin is associated with the impaired carbohydrate metabolism in term infants with SGA. However, further studies with larger series are warranted to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esengul Keleş
- Department of Pediatrics, Fatih University, Sahilyolu sk.no: 16 Dragos-Maltepe, 34844 Istanbul, Turkey
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Gao S, Cheng Y, Zhao L, Chen Y, Liu Y. The relationships of irisin with bone mineral density and body composition in PCOS patients. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2016; 32:421-8. [PMID: 26589554 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our study aims to assay the irisin level and investigate the relationships of irisin level with body mass index (BMI), body composition and bone metabolism in the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and control women. METHODS Fifty two PCOS and 39 control women were recruited. Serum sex hormone, fasting insulin and C-peptide were tested. Fasting serum irisin and adiponectin were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Body composition and bone mineral density were assayed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Polycystic ovary syndrome women showed different body compositions compared with controls. Serum irisin level of PCOS did not show significant difference compared with controls although it was decreased. The level of adiponectin in PCOS patients was significantly reduced. BMI had no correlation with irisin level. It indicated a positive correlation between serum irisin levels and bone mineral density in the control group and a negative correlation in the PCOS group after BMI and age adjusted. Furthermore, total lean mass has a significant effect on irisin concentration in the PCOS group. There are no correlations between adiponection and body compositions and bone mineral density in both groups. CONCLUSIONS The abnormal body composition in PCOS may contribute to the circulation irisin. The crosstalk of irisin in different organs was found and may be related to disease development in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Gao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lingling Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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García-Fontana B, Reyes-García R, Morales-Santana S, Ávila-Rubio V, Muñoz-Garach A, Rozas-Moreno P, Muñoz-Torres M. Relationship between myostatin and irisin in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a compensatory mechanism to an unfavourable metabolic state? Endocrine 2016; 52:54-62. [PMID: 26438394 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0758-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Myostatin and irisin are two myokines related to energy metabolism, acting on skeletal muscle and recently suggested on adipose tissue in mice. However, the exact role of these myokines in humans has not been fully established. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between serum levels of myostatin and irisin in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and non-diabetic controls and to explore its links with metabolic parameters. Case-control study including 73 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 55 non-diabetic subjects as control group. Circulating myostatin and irisin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients showed significantly lower myostatin levels (p = 0.001) and higher irisin levels (p = 0.036) than controls. An inverse relationship was observed between myostatin and irisin levels (p = 0.002). Moreover, in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, after adjusting by confounder factors, myostatin was negatively related to fasting plasma glucose (p = 0.005) and to triglyceride levels (p = 0.028) while irisin showed a positive association with these variables (p = 0.017 and p = 0.006 respectively). A linear regression analysis showed that irisin and fasting plasma glucose levels were independently associated to myostatin levels and that myostatin and triglyceride levels were independently associated to irisin concentrations in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Our results suggest that serum levels of myostatin and irisin are related in patients with type 2 diabetes. Triglyceride and glucose levels could modulate myostatin and irisin concentrations as a compensatory mechanism to improve the metabolic state in these patients although further studies are needed to elucidate whether the action of these myokines represents an adaptative response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz García-Fontana
- Bone Metabolic Unit (RETICEF), Endocrinology Unit, Endocrinology Division, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs) de Granada, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Avda. Doctor Olóriz 16, 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - Rebeca Reyes-García
- Bone Metabolic Unit (RETICEF), Endocrinology Unit, Endocrinology Division, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs) de Granada, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Avda. Doctor Olóriz 16, 18012, Granada, Spain
- Endocrinology Unit, Hospital General Universitario Rafael Méndez, Ctra. Nacional 340, Km. 589, 30817, Lorca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sonia Morales-Santana
- Bone Metabolic Unit (RETICEF), Endocrinology Unit, Endocrinology Division, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs) de Granada, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Avda. Doctor Olóriz 16, 18012, Granada, Spain
- Proteomic Research Service, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs) de Granada, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Avda. Doctor Olóriz 16, 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - Verónica Ávila-Rubio
- Bone Metabolic Unit (RETICEF), Endocrinology Unit, Endocrinology Division, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs) de Granada, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Avda. Doctor Olóriz 16, 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - Araceli Muñoz-Garach
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Campus de Teatinos, S/N, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Pedro Rozas-Moreno
- Bone Metabolic Unit (RETICEF), Endocrinology Unit, Endocrinology Division, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs) de Granada, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Avda. Doctor Olóriz 16, 18012, Granada, Spain
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital General de Ciudad Real, Calle del Obispo Rafael Torija, s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Manuel Muñoz-Torres
- Bone Metabolic Unit (RETICEF), Endocrinology Unit, Endocrinology Division, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs) de Granada, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Avda. Doctor Olóriz 16, 18012, Granada, Spain.
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Erol O, Erkal N, Ellidağ HY, İsenlik BS, Aydın Ö, Derbent AU, Yılmaz N. Irisin as an early marker for predicting gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 29:3590-5. [PMID: 26782983 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2016.1142967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to evaluate maternal serum irisin levels in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy in women diagnosed with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS We performed a prospective, nested case-control study in 258 pregnant women who were enrolled at the time of the first prenatal visit (6-11th weeks of gestation) and followed until delivery. Among the entire population, we selected 20 women who subsequently developed GDM and 30 women with uneventful pregnancies. Blood samples were collected once from each participant at 6-11th weeks of gestation during the fetal viability scan and at 24-28th weeks of gestation during screening for GDM. RESULTS In the first trimester, irisin levels were significantly lower in women who later developed GDM (median = 453 ng/mL, range: 257-811 ng/mL) than in controls (median = 721 ng/mL, range: 700-786 ng/mL). In the second trimester, the difference in irisin levels between the GDM group (median = 749 ng/mL; range: 456-910 ng/mL) and controls (median = 757 ng/mL; range: 703-898 ng/mL) was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Irisin may be a useful biomarker in early pregnancy to predict the development of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Erol
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | | | - Hamit Yaşar Ellidağ
- b Department of Biochemistry , Antalya Training and Research Hospital , Antalya , Turkey , and
| | | | - Özgür Aydın
- c Department of Biochemistry , Batman Maternity and Children's Hospital , Batman , Turkey
| | | | - Necat Yılmaz
- b Department of Biochemistry , Antalya Training and Research Hospital , Antalya , Turkey , and
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Esfahani M, Baranchi M, Goodarzi MT. Irisin and Metabolic Disorders. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.17795/ajmb-33230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Serum levels of sclerostin in cardiometabolic disorders during pregnancy. Cytokine 2015; 76:591-593. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Joung KE, Park KH, Filippaios A, Dincer F, Christou H, Mantzoros CS. Cord blood irisin levels are positively correlated with birth weight in newborn infants. Metabolism 2015; 64:1507-14. [PMID: 26303870 PMCID: PMC5348079 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irisin is a novel myokine, secreted from skeletal muscle after exercise. Irisin mediates exercise-related energy expenditure by turning white adipose tissue (WAT) into brown adipose tissue (BAT). Thus, irisin is considered as a potential biomarker for obesity and metabolic syndrome. Infants born small for gestational age (SGA) have increased risk for metabolic syndrome. However, the physiologic role of irisin in neonates remains to be studied. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of umbilical cord blood irisin levels with gestational age and birth weight categories in neonates. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 341 newborns, from 26 to 41weeks' gestation. We collected umbilical cord blood and analyzed plasma for irisin by ELISA. RESULTS Plasma irisin levels were positively correlated with gestational age (r=0.21, p<0.001), and birth weight Z-score (r=0.18, p<0.001). SGA infants had significantly lower irisin (median [interquartile range] 55.38 [46.56-65.72]ng/mL) compared to appropriate for gestational age infants (64.41 [53.87-76.76]ng/mL) and large for gestational age infants (68.70 [54.78-79.09]ng/mL, p<0.01). The association between SGA and lower irisin remained significant in multivariate analysis independent of gestational age, maternal age, maternal BMI, and gestational diabetes (p=0.03). In singleton infants, irisin was also significantly negatively associated with maternal preeclampsia (p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our results support the notion that irisin may have a physiologic role in neonates. We speculate that decreased levels of irisin in SGA infants may contribute to the development of catch-up growth and metabolic syndrome later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Eun Joung
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Goryeb Children's Hospital, 100 Madison Ave, Morristown, NJ, 07960, USA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 300 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kyung-Hee Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 300 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Gyeonggi-do, 431-070, Republic of Korea
| | - Andreas Filippaios
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 300 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Fadime Dincer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 300 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Helen Christou
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 300 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Section of Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, MA, 02130, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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50
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Baka S, Malamitsi-Puchner A, Boutsikou T, Boutsikou M, Marmarinos A, Hassiakos D, Gourgiotis D, Briana DD. Cord blood irisin at the extremes of fetal growth. Metabolism 2015; 64:1515-20. [PMID: 26307660 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Irisin, a novel myokine with antiobesity properties, drives brown-fat-like conversion of white adipose tissue, thus increasing energy expenditure and improving glucose tolerance. We aimed to investigate circulating irisin concentrations in large-for-gestational-age (LGA) and intrauterine-growth-restricted (IUGR) fetuses, both associated with metabolic dysregulation and long-term susceptibility to obesity and metabolic syndrome development. METHODS Plasma irisin and insulin concentrations were determined by ELISA and IRMA, respectively, in 80 mixed arteriovenous cord blood samples from LGA (n=30), IUGR (n=30) and appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA, n=20) singleton full-term pregnancies. Fetuses were classified as LGA, IUGR or AGA, based on customized birth-weight standards adjusted for significant determinants of fetal growth. RESULTS Fetal irisin concentrations were lower in IUGR cases than AGA controls (p=0.031). Cord blood irisin concentrations were similar in LGA and AGA groups and positively correlated with birth-weight, as well as customized centiles (r=0.245, p=0.029 and r=0.247, p=0.027, respectively). Insulin concentrations were higher in LGA, compared to AGA fetuses (p=0.036). In the LGA group, fetal irisin concentrations positively correlated with fetal insulin concentrations (r=0.374, p=0.042). CONCLUSIONS Impaired skeletal muscle metabolism in IUGR fetuses may account for their irisin deficiency, which may be part of the fetal programming process, leading to increased susceptibility to later metabolic syndrome development. Furthermore, irisin down-regulation may predispose IUGR infants to hypothermia at birth, by inducing less "browning" of their adipose tissue and consequently less non-shivering thermogenesis. Irisin upregulation with increasing birth-weight may contribute to a slower fat gain during early infancy ("catch-down"), by promoting higher total energy expenditure. The positive correlation between irisin and insulin in the LGA group may reflect a counterbalance of the documented hyperinsulinemia, which is partly responsible for the excessive fat deposition in the LGA fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula Baka
- Department of Neonatology, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Theodora Boutsikou
- Department of Neonatology, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Boutsikou
- Department of Neonatology, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Marmarinos
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry-Molecular Diagnostics, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios Gourgiotis
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry-Molecular Diagnostics, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Despina D Briana
- Department of Neonatology, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
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