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Mitsis A, Avraamides P, Lakoumentas J, Kyriakou M, Sokratous S, Karmioti G, Drakomathioulakis M, Theodoropoulos KC, Nasoufidou A, Evangeliou A, Vassilikos V, Fragakis N, Ziakas A, Tzikas S, Kassimis G. Role of inflammation following an acute myocardial infarction: design of INFINITY. Biomark Med 2023; 17:971-981. [PMID: 38235565 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2023-0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
After a myocardial infarction, the inflammatory response is connected to major adverse outcomes such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, adverse cardiac remodeling, infarct size and poor prognosis. INFlammatIoN amI sTudY (INFINITY) is a multicenter, prospective, observational, cohort study designed to investigate the prognostic role of the cytokines IL-6, IL-10, IL-18 and IL-17 and the adipokines leptin, apelin and chemerin in patients with acute coronary syndrome. The study will test if these inflammatory biomarkers reflect different clinical manifestations of coronary artery disease and have a prognostic role in a 6-month follow-up period. This study represents an opportunity to investigate further the prognostic role of a selected combination of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in the prognosis and risk stratification of acute coronary syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mitsis
- Cardiology Department, Nicosia General Hospital, Nicosia, 2029, Cyprus
| | | | - John Lakoumentas
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, 26504, Greece
| | - Michaela Kyriakou
- Cardiology Department, Nicosia General Hospital, Nicosia, 2029, Cyprus
| | | | - Georgia Karmioti
- Cardiology Department, Nicosia General Hospital, Nicosia, 2029, Cyprus
| | | | - Konstantinos C Theodoropoulos
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54636, Greece
| | - Athina Nasoufidou
- Second Department of Cardiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54642, Greece
| | - Alexandros Evangeliou
- Third Department of Cardiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54642, Greece
| | - Vassilios Vassilikos
- Third Department of Cardiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54642, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Fragakis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54642, Greece
| | - Antonios Ziakas
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54636, Greece
| | - Stergios Tzikas
- Third Department of Cardiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54642, Greece
| | - George Kassimis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54642, Greece
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Skrypnik D, Skrypnik K, Suliburska J, Bogdański P. Leptin-VEGF crosstalk in excess body mass and related disorders: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2023:e13575. [PMID: 37230803 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
By 2030, it is expected that a billion people will have suffer from obesity. Adipose tissue synthesizes leptin, an adipokine that affects cardiovascular risk. Leptin intensifies the synthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Our study reviews recent reports on leptin-VEGF crosstalk in obesity and related disorders. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched. One hundred and one articles involving human, animal, and in vitro research were included. In vitro studies show the crucial role of interaction between endothelial cells and adipocytes and hypoxia as a factor that intensifies leptin's effects on VEGF. Leptin-VEGF crosstalk promotes the progression of cancer. The animal research reveal that a high-fat diet enhances leptin and VEGF crosstalk. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms and procreator-offspring programming may be involved in leptin-VEGF crosstalk. Some female-specific characteristics of leptin-VEGF relation in obesity were observed. The human studies have shown that increased leptin and VEGF synthesis and leptin-VEGF crosstalk are factors linking obesity with elevated cardiovascular risk. The studies of the last 10 years documented a range of significant aspects of leptin-VEGF crosstalk specific for obesity and related disorders, shedding new light on the link between obesity and increased cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Skrypnik
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Skrypnik
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Suliburska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Bogdański
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Skrypnik D, Skrypnik K, Suliburska J, Bogdański P. Cardiac rehabilitation may influence leptin and VEGF A crosstalk in patients after acute coronary syndrome. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11825. [PMID: 35821400 PMCID: PMC9276756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin, a well-proven cardiovascular risk factor, influences vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF A) synthesis via hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1A), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NfkB) and NILCO (Notch, interleukin 1 [IL1] and leptin cross-talk outcome) pathways. This study aimed to investigate the influence of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on HIF-1A, NfkB and NILCO dependent leptin and VEGF A cross-talk in patients after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Fifty post-ACS patients underwent a 2-week CR programme (study group S) and were compared to 50 post-ACS subjects who did not undergo CR (control group K). In group S, at baseline and at completion and in group K once, anthropometric, body composition, blood pressure and heart rate measurements were taken and blood sampling was performed. Serum levels of leptin, VEGF A, VEGF receptor 2 (VEGF R2), HIF-1A, NfkB, interleukin 1-alpha (IL1-alpha) and Notch 1 were determined. In group S, serum VEGF A levels increased while leptin, HIF-1A and VEGF R2 levels decreased and completion but not baseline serum leptin correlated positively with serum VEGF A. Also, serum completion VEGF A correlated positively with NfkB and HIF-1A in group S. Correlation analysis in group S confirmed the significant role of the NILCO pathway in the regulation of VEGF A serum levels mediated by HIF-1A and NfkB. CR may induce the predomination of the NILCO pathway interacting with HIF-1A and NfkB over leptin canonical and non-canonical signalling pathways in the leptin influence on VEGF A in post-ACS patients. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03935438. The CARDIO-REH randomised study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Skrypnik
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego St. 82/84, 60-569, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Skrypnik
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego St. 31, 60-624, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Suliburska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego St. 31, 60-624, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Bogdański
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego St. 82/84, 60-569, Poznan, Poland
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Mitsis A, Kadoglou NPE, Lambadiari V, Alexiou S, Theodoropoulos KC, Avraamides P, Kassimis G. Prognostic role of inflammatory cytokines and novel adipokines in acute myocardial infarction: An updated and comprehensive review. Cytokine 2022; 153:155848. [PMID: 35301174 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The inflammation response during and after AMI is common and seems to play a key role in the peri-AMI period, related with ischaemia-reperfusion injury, adverse cardiac remodelling, infarct size and poor prognosis. In this article, we provide an updated and comprehensive overview of the most important cytokines and adipokines involved in the complex pathophysiology mechanisms in AMI, summarizing their prognostic role post-AMI. Data so far support that elevated levels of the major proinflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-6 and IL-1 and the adipokines adiponectin, visfatin and resistin, are linked to high mortality and morbidity. In contrary, there is evidence that anti-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines as IL-10, omentin-1 and ghrelin can suppress the AMI-induced inflammatory response and are correlated with better prognosis. Mixed data make unclear the role of the novel adipokines leptin and apelin. After all, imbalance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines may result in worst AMI prognosis. The incorporation of these inflammation biomarkers in established prognostic models could further improve their prognostic power improving overall the management of AMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mitsis
- Cardiology Department, Nicosia General Hospital, Cyprus.
| | | | - Vaia Lambadiari
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Centre, Athens University Medical School, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Alexiou
- Second Cardiology Department, "Hippokration" Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - George Kassimis
- Second Cardiology Department, "Hippokration" Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Puchałowicz K, Kłoda K, Dziedziejko V, Rać M, Wojtarowicz A, Chlubek D, Safranow K. Association of Adiponectin, Leptin and Resistin Plasma Concentrations with Echocardiographic Parameters in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11101774. [PMID: 34679472 PMCID: PMC8534895 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11101774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The imbalanced network of adipokines may contribute to the development of systemic low-grade inflammation, metabolic diseases and coronary artery disease (CAD). In the last decade, three classic adipokines—adiponectin, leptin and resistin—have been of particular interest in studies of patients with CAD due to their numerous properties in relation to the cardiovascular system. This has directed our attention to the association of adipokines with cardiac structure and function and the development of heart failure (HF), a common end effect of CAD. Thus, the purpose of this study was to analyse the associations of plasma concentrations of adiponectin, leptin and resistin with parameters assessed in the echocardiographic examinations of CAD patients. The presented study enrolled 167 Caucasian patients (133 male; 34 female) with CAD. Anthropometric, echocardiographic and basic biochemical measurements, together with plasma concentrations of adiponectin, leptin and resistin assays, were performed in each patient. Adiponectin concentrations were negatively associated with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and shortening fraction (LVSF), and positively associated with mitral valve E/A ratio (E/A), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter LVESD, and left atrium diameter (LAD). Resistin concentrations were negatively associated with E/A. Leptin concentrations, although correlated with HF severity assessed by the New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Classification, were not independently associated with the echocardiographic parameters of cardiac structure or function. In conclusion, adiponectin and resistin, but not leptin, are associated with the echocardiographic parameters of cardiac remodelling and dysfunction. These associations suggest that adiponectin and resistin might be involved in mechanisms of cardiac remodelling or compensative response. We also suggest the possible benefits of adiponectin and resistin level measurements in the monitoring of patients with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Puchałowicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70111 Szczecin, Poland; (V.D.); (M.R.); (D.C.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-91-4661515; Fax: +48-91-4661516
| | | | - Violetta Dziedziejko
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70111 Szczecin, Poland; (V.D.); (M.R.); (D.C.); (K.S.)
| | - Monika Rać
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70111 Szczecin, Poland; (V.D.); (M.R.); (D.C.); (K.S.)
| | - Andrzej Wojtarowicz
- Department of Cardiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70111 Szczecin, Poland; (V.D.); (M.R.); (D.C.); (K.S.)
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70111 Szczecin, Poland; (V.D.); (M.R.); (D.C.); (K.S.)
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Mironova D, Hanjieva-Darlenska T. Effect of metformin and empagliflozin on adiponectin and leptin levels in rat model of hypo- and hyperthyroidism. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1865200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Desimira Mironova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Teodora Hanjieva-Darlenska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Adipokines and Inflammation: Focus on Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207711. [PMID: 33081064 PMCID: PMC7589803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that adipose tissue, apart from its energy storage function, acts as an endocrine organ that produces and secretes a number of bioactive substances, including hormones commonly known as adipokines. Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, mainly due to a low grade of inflammation and the excessive fat accumulation produced in this state. The adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity leads to an aberrant release of adipokines, some of them with direct cardiovascular and inflammatory regulatory functions. Inflammation is a common link between obesity and cardiovascular diseases, so this review will summarise the role of the main adipokines implicated in the regulation of the inflammatory processes occurring under the scenario of cardiovascular diseases.
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Leptin levels predict the development of left ventricular hypertrophy in a sample of adult men: the Olivetti Heart Study. J Hypertens 2020; 39:692-697. [PMID: 33060451 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A higher leptin (LPT) is associated with a greater cardiometabolic risk. Some studies also showed a positive association between LPT and cardiovascular organ damage but no consistent data are available about a predictive role of LPT on cardiac remodelling. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential role of LPT on the incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in a sample of adult men. METHODS The study population was made up of 439 individuals (age: 51 years) without LVH at baseline, participating in The Olivetti Heart Study. The ECG criteria were adopted to exclude LVH at baseline and echocardiogram criteria for diagnosis of LVH at follow-up were considered. RESULTS At baseline, LPT was significantly and positively correlated with BMI, waist circumference, ECG indices, SBP and DBP but not with age and renal function. At the end of the 8-year follow-up period, there was an incidence of 23% in LVH by echocardiography. Individuals who developed LVH had higher baseline age, LPT, BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure and ECG indices (P < 0.05). Furthermore, those that had LPT above the median had greater risk to develop LVH (odds ratio: 1.7; P < 0.05). This association was also confirmed after adjustment for main confounders, among which changes in blood pressure and anthropometric indices. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest a predictive role of circulating LPT levels on cardiac remodelling expressed by echocardiographic LVH, independently of body weight and blood pressure changes over the years.
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Short-Term Prognosis Value of sST2 for an Unfavorable Outcome in Hypertensive Patients. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:8143737. [PMID: 32089758 PMCID: PMC7026724 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8143737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background sST2 represents a useful biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with heart failure, but limited data is available on its role in patients with hypertension. The aim of this study is to evaluate the short-term prognosis value of sST2 for an unfavorable outcome in hypertensive patients. Methods This was a prospective observational study which enrolled 80 patients with hypertension, who were followed for one year. All patients underwent clinical, laboratory (including sST2), and echocardiographic assessment at baseline. The patients were grouped according to the cardiovascular (CV) events reported during the follow-up: group A (with CV events) and group B (without CV events). Results Overall, 59 CV events were reported during the follow-up period. Compared to group B, the patients in group A had significantly higher sST2 levels, a higher number of CV risk factors, and a higher left ventricle mass. Except for the diastolic dysfunction parameters, the echocardiographic findings were similar in the two groups. Patients in group A had a lower E/A ratio, larger deceleration time, and increased telediastolic pressure as quantified by the E/E/p = 0.006, Kaplan-Meier analysis). Conclusions sST2 levels were correlated with the risk of adverse CV outcomes in hypertensive patients and may represent a useful prognostic marker in these patients.
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Ghadge AA, Khaire AA. Leptin as a predictive marker for metabolic syndrome. Cytokine 2019; 121:154735. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Biomarkers of Inflammation in Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:7583690. [PMID: 31275453 PMCID: PMC6589287 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7583690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is an important precursor to many different cardiovascular diseases. Diastolic abnormalities have been studied extensively in the past decade, and it has been confirmed that one of the mechanisms leading to heart failure is a chronic, low-grade inflammatory reaction. The triggers are classical cardiovascular risk factors, grouped under the name of metabolic syndrome (MetS), or other systemic diseases that have an inflammatory substrate such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The triggers could induce myocardial apoptosis and reduce ventricular wall compliance through the release of cytokines by multiple pathways such as (1) immune reaction, (2) prolonged cell hypoxemia, or (3) excessive activation of neuroendocrine and autonomic nerve function disorder. The systemic proinflammatory state causes coronary microvascular endothelial inflammation which reduces nitric oxide bioavailability, cyclic guanosine monophosphate content, and protein kinase G (PKG) activity in adjacent cardiomyocytes favoring hypertrophy development and increases resting tension. So far, it has been found that inflammatory cytokines associated with the heart failure mechanism include TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, TGF-β, and IFN-γ. Some of them could be used as diagnosis biomarkers. The present review aims at discussing the inflammatory mechanisms behind diastolic dysfunction and their triggering conditions, cytokines, and possible future inflammatory biomarkers useful for diagnosis.
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Usefulness of the Adipokines as Biomarkers of Ischemic Cardiac Dysfunction. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:3406028. [PMID: 30405857 PMCID: PMC6199856 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3406028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among both women and men, but there is still a great percentage of misdiagnosis and lack of clearly defined criteria. Advances in biomolecular science have proven the crucial role of inflammation and, more importantly, the role of adipokines in mediating all stages of coronary artery disease. It has also been suggested that regional fat deposits, more precisely from thoracic region, have a major influence on the development of coronary artery disease by creating a local proatherogenic environment. The immune system closely interacts with metabolic risk factors to initiate, promote, and further aggravate the atherosclerotic lesions on the arterial wall all with the "help" of adipokines. So nowadays, research extensively focuses on uncovering biomarkers that would provide an increased chance of detecting subclinical cardiac distress and also add a consistent value to current guideline-imposed risk criteria.
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Delitala AP, Steri M, Fiorillo E, Marongiu M, Lakatta EG, Schlessinger D, Cucca F. Adipocytokine correlations with thyroid function and autoimmunity in euthyroid sardinians. Cytokine 2018; 111:189-193. [PMID: 30173124 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cytokines release by adipocytes could interact with TSH secretion. We evaluated the relationship between adipocytokines and TSH. We further tested for association of cytokines and thyroid autoimmunity. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study in a community-based sample including 5385 individuals (2964 female) with TSH within the reference range. Subjects who reported taking thyroid medications or drugs that alter thyroid function were excluded. TSH, FT4, adiponectin, leptin, antibody against thyroperoxidase and against thyroglobulin were measured. Linear and logistic regression models were used to test for association. RESULTS Females had higher adiponectin and leptin level and increased frequency of thyroid antibodies. In multiple regression analysis TSH was directly associated with leptin (β = 0.003, p = 0.001) and the presence of circulating antibody against thyroperoxidase (β = 0.315, p < 0.001), but negatively associated with age (β = -0.012, p < 0.001) and FT4 (β = -0.359, p < 0.001). Adiponectin, the presence of antibody against thyroglobulin and smoking habit were not associated with TSH levels (p = 0.223, p = 0.174 and p = 0.788, respectively). Logistic regression analysis revealed that higher adiponectin levels were associated with thyroid autoimmunity. CONCLUSIONS Leptin is positively associated with TSH levels in euthyroid individuals, suggesting an effect of the adipokine on TSH secretion. Our results support the hypothesis that the leptin and pituitary-thyroid axis might interact in the context of energy homeostasis. The effect of adiponectin on thyroid autoimmunity will require more studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro P Delitala
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Maristella Steri
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Edoardo Fiorillo
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Michele Marongiu
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Edward G Lakatta
- Laboratory Cardiovascular Sciences, Intramural Research Programme, National Insitute on Aging (NIA) - NIH, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - Francesco Cucca
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Katsiki N, Mikhailidis DP, Banach M. Leptin, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1176-1188. [PMID: 29877321 PMCID: PMC6289384 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2018.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin, an adipokine that is implicated in the control of food intake via appetite suppression, may also stimulate oxidative stress, inflammation, thrombosis, arterial stiffness, angiogenesis and atherogenesis. These leptin-induced effects may predispose to the development of cardiovascular diseases. In the present review we discuss the evidence linking leptin levels with the presence, severity and/or prognosis of both coronary artery disease and non-cardiac vascular diseases such as stroke, carotid artery disease, peripheral artery disease (PAD) and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) as well as with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Leptin levels have been positively associated with the presence, severity, extent and lesion complexity of coronary atherosclerosis as well as with the presence, severity and poor clinical outcomes of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. But conflicting results also exist. Furthermore, leptin was reported to independently predict common carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaque instability. A link between hyperleptinemia and PAD has been reported, whereas limited data were available on the potential association between leptin and AAA. Elevated leptin concentrations have also been related to CKD incidence and progression as well as with insulin resistance, T2DM, micro- and macrovascular diabetic complications. Statins and antidiabetic drugs (including sitagliptin, metformin, pioglitazone, liraglutide and empagliflozin) may affect leptin levels. Further research is needed to establish the potential use (if any) of leptin as a therapeutic target in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Katsiki
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK.
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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