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Tao P, Kuang Y, Li Y, Li W, Gao Z, Liu L, Qiang M, Zha Z, Fan K, Ma P, Friedman JM, Yang G, Lerner RA. Selection of a Full Agonist Combinatorial Antibody that Rescues Leptin Deficiency In Vivo. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000818. [PMID: 32832353 PMCID: PMC7435230 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Growth factor deficiency in adulthood constitutes a distinct clinical syndrome with significant morbidities including abnormal body composition, reduced energy, affective disturbances, dyslipidemia, and increased cardiovascular risk. Protein replacement therapies using recombinant proteins or enzymes represent the only approved treatment. Combinatorial antibodies have shown great promise as a new class of therapeutic molecules because they act as "mechanism-based antibodies" with both agonist and antagonist activities. Using leptin, a key hormone in energy metabolism, as an example, a function-guided approach is developed to select combinatorial antibodies with high potency and full agonist activity that substitute natural growth factors in vivo. The identified antibody shows identical biochemical properties and cellular profiles as leptin, and rescues leptin-deficiency in ob/ob mice. Remarkably, the antibody activates leptin receptors that are otherwise nonfunctional because of mutations (L372A and A409E). Combinatorial antibodies have significant advantages over recombinant proteins for chronical usage in terms of immunological tolerance and biological stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingdong Tao
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
- School of Life Science and Technology
ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yuanyuan Kuang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
- School of Life Science and Technology
ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yu Li
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
- School of Life Science and Technology
ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Wenping Li
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
- School of Life Science and Technology
ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Zibei Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology
ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
| | - Lili Liu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
| | - Min Qiang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
| | - Zhao Zha
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
| | - Kun Fan
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
- School of Life Science and Technology
ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Peixiang Ma
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
| | - Jeffrey M. Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular GeneticsHoward Hughes Medical InstituteThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNY10065USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
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Schubert J, Chanana M. Coating Matters: Review on Colloidal Stability of Nanoparticles with Biocompatible Coatings in Biological Media, Living Cells and Organisms. Curr Med Chem 2018; 25:4553-4586. [PMID: 29852857 PMCID: PMC7040520 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180601101859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Within the last two decades, the field of nanomedicine has not developed as successfully as has widely been hoped for. The main reason for this is the immense complexity of the biological systems, including the physico-chemical properties of the biological fluids as well as the biochemistry and the physiology of living systems. The nanoparticles' physicochemical properties are also highly important. These differ profoundly from those of freshly synthesized particles when applied in biological/living systems as recent research in this field reveals. The physico-chemical properties of nanoparticles are predefined by their structural and functional design (core and coating material) and are highly affected by their interaction with the environment (temperature, pH, salt, proteins, cells). Since the coating material is the first part of the particle to come in contact with the environment, it does not only provide biocompatibility, but also defines the behavior (e.g. colloidal stability) and the fate (degradation, excretion, accumulation) of nanoparticles in the living systems. Hence, the coating matters, particularly for a nanoparticle system for biomedical applications, which has to fulfill its task in the complex environment of biological fluids, cells and organisms. In this review, we evaluate the performance of different coating materials for nanoparticles concerning their ability to provide colloidal stability in biological media and living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Schubert
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Nanostructured Materials, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Dresden, Germany and Department of Physical Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany;E-mails: ;
| | - Munish Chanana
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Nanostructured Materials, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Dresden, Germany and Department of Physical Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany;E-mails: ;
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Mao B, Huang S, Lu X, Sun W, Zhou Y, Pan X, Yu J, Lai M, Chen B, Zhou Q, Mao S, Bian G, Zhou J, Nakahata T, Ma F. Early Development of Definitive Erythroblasts from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Defined by Expression of Glycophorin A/CD235a, CD34, and CD36. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:869-883. [PMID: 27720903 PMCID: PMC5106477 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of human erythroid cells has been mostly examined in models of adult hematopoiesis, while their early derivation during embryonic and fetal stages is largely unknown. We observed the development and maturation of erythroblasts derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) by an efficient co-culture system. These hPSC-derived early erythroblasts initially showed definitive characteristics with a glycophorin A+ (GPA+) CD34lowCD36− phenotype and were distinct from adult CD34+ cell-derived ones. After losing CD34 expression, early GPA+CD36− erythroblasts matured into GPA+CD36low/+ stage as the latter expressed higher levels of β-globin along with a gradual loss of mesodermal and endothelial properties, and terminally suppressed CD36. We establish a unique in vitro model to trace the early development of hPSC-derived erythroblasts by serial expression of CD34, GPA, and CD36. Our findings may provide insight into the understanding of human early erythropoiesis and, ultimately, therapeutic potential. The hPSC/AGM-S3 co-culture system generates considerable definitive erythroblasts hPSC-derived erythroblasts initiate from a unique GPA+CD34lowCD36− fraction Human early erythropoiesis can be traced by serial expression of CD34, GPA, and CD36
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Mao
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Shu Huang
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Xulin Lu
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Wencui Sun
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Ya Zhou
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Xu Pan
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Jinfeng Yu
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Mowen Lai
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Qiongxiu Zhou
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Song Mao
- Research Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech Inc., Chengdu 610036, China
| | - Guohui Bian
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Jiaxi Zhou
- State Key Lab of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS & PUMC, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Tatsutoshi Nakahata
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Feng Ma
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu 610052, China; State Key Lab of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS & PUMC, Tianjin 300020, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Zhao Q, Zhang Y, Guo J, Li J. A novel molecular probe 131I-K237 targeting tumor angiogenesis in human prostate cancer xenografts. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:1363-7. [PMID: 25815588 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific molecular probes are essential for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer. In addition, peptides have been shown to have numerous uses as diagnostic and therapeutic molecular probes. The K237 peptide binds to the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor with high affinity and specificity, and was predicted to have potential use as a probe in tumor angiogenesis. The overall aim of the present study was to assess the diagnostic potential of 131I‑K237 as a molecular probe for prostate cancer. The K237 peptide was radiolabeled with 131I using an Iodogen method. The radiolabeling efficiency and radiochemical purity were found to be 73.7 ± 3.2 and 96.7 ± 0.6%, respectively, which were determined using thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography in vitro. Cellular uptake and competition binding experiments were used to identify the affinity of 131I‑K237 to LNCaP prostate cancer cells. The binding ratio of 131I‑K237 to LNCaP cells in the experimental group was 95.8 ± 1.5%, whereas the binding ratios in the 5 kBq Na131I, 10 kBq Na131I, 15 kBq Na131I and PBS groups were 8.2 ± 0.4, 8.3 ± 0.2, 8.5 ± 0.2 and 0.0%, respectively. In addition, the binding ratio of 131I‑K237 to LNCaP significantly decreased with the increased dose of unlabeled K237. A total of 40 male BALB/c mice with LNCaP xenografts were used for biodistribution and single photon emission computed tomography imaging analysis. An image was obtained and tumors were visible from 2 h post injection of 131I‑K237. In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that 131I‑K237 had a high affinity for LNCaP cells and may be considered as a candidate diagnostic molecular probe for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate College of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
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Chan KYY, Xiang P, Zhou L, Li K, Ng PC, Wang CC, Zhang L, Deng HY, Pong NH, Zhao H, Chan WY, Sung RYT. Thrombopoietin protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy, improves cardiac function, and reversely alters specific signalling networks. Eur J Heart Fail 2014; 13:366-76. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfr001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Yuen-Yee Chan
- Department of Paediatrics; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Department of Cardiology; Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology; Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Karen Li
- Department of Paediatrics; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
| | - Pak-Cheung Ng
- Department of Paediatrics; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - Chi-Chiu Wang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Paediatrics; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - Hai-Yan Deng
- Department of Cardiology; Children's Hospital of Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Nga-Hin Pong
- Department of Paediatrics; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - Hailu Zhao
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
| | - Wood-Yee Chan
- Department of Anatomy; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
| | - Rita Yn-Tz Sung
- Department of Paediatrics; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
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Rousseau GF, Giarratana MC, Douay L. Large-scale production of red blood cells from stem cells: what are the technical challenges ahead? Biotechnol J 2013; 9:28-38. [PMID: 24408610 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Blood-transfusion centers regularly face the challenge of donor blood shortages, especially for rare blood groups. The possibility of producing universal red blood cells from stem cells industrially has become a possible alternative since the successful injection of blood generated in vitro into a human being in 2011. Although there remains many biological and regulatory issues concerning the efficacy and safety of this new product, the major challenge today for future clinical applications is switching from the current limited 2-dimensional production techniques to large-scale 3-dimensional bioreactors. In addition to requiring technological breakthroughs, the whole process also has to become at least five-fold more cost-efficient to match the current prices of high-quality blood products. The current review sums up the main biological advances of the past decade, outlines the key biotechnological challenges for the large-scale cost-effective production of red blood cells, proposes solutions based on strategies used in the bioindustry and presents the state-of-the-art of large-scale blood production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume F Rousseau
- UPMC University Paris 6, UMR_S938, Proliferation and Differentiation of Stem Cells, Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S938, Proliferation and Differentiation of Stem Cells, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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Subchronic safety evaluation of EPO-018B, a pegylated peptidic erythropoiesis stimulating agent, after 5-week subcutaneous injection in Cynomolgus monkeys and Sprague–Dawley rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 60:252-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Li X, Wu Z, Fu X, Han W. How Far Are Stem-Cell-Derived Erythrocytes from the Clinical Arena? Bioscience 2013. [DOI: 10.1525/bio.2013.63.8.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Wang S, Hao X, Su Y, Yi C, Li B, Fan X, Pei J, Song Y, Xia W, Liu B, Guo S. The Utilization of Perforated Bioinert Chambers to Generate an In Vivo Isolated Space for Tissue Engineering Involving Chondrocytes, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, and Fibroblasts. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2013; 19:352-62. [PMID: 23368787 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2012.0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shiping Wang
- Institute of Plastic Surgery, Fourth Military Medical University, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Hao
- Institute of Plastic Surgery, Fourth Military Medical University, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yingjun Su
- Institute of Plastic Surgery, Fourth Military Medical University, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Chenggang Yi
- Institute of Plastic Surgery, Fourth Military Medical University, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Bing Li
- Institute of Plastic Surgery, Fourth Military Medical University, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xing Fan
- Institute of Plastic Surgery, Fourth Military Medical University, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Jiaomiao Pei
- Institute of Plastic Surgery, Fourth Military Medical University, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yajuan Song
- Institute of Plastic Surgery, Fourth Military Medical University, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xia
- Institute of Plastic Surgery, Fourth Military Medical University, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Bei Liu
- Institute of Plastic Surgery, Fourth Military Medical University, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Shuzhong Guo
- Institute of Plastic Surgery, Fourth Military Medical University, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, P.R. China
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Newman K, Maness-Harris L, El-Hemaidi I, Akhtari M. Revisiting use of growth factors in myelodysplastic syndromes. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:1081-91. [PMID: 22799286 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.4.1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) represent a heterogeneous group of clonal hematologic neoplasms characterized by morphologic dysplasia, aberrant hematopoiesis and peripheral blood refractory cytopenias. MDS is recognized to be associated with an increased risk of symptomatic anemia, infectious complications and bleeding diathesis, as well as a risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia, particularly in patients with a high IPSS score. The advent of use of hematopoietic growth factors such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) has improved symptoms in MDS patients in addition to some data that suggest there might be an improvement in survival. G-CSF is an effective therapeutic option in MDS patients, and it should be considered for the management of refractory symptomatic cytopenias. G-CSF and EPO in combination can improve outcomes in appropriate MDS patients such as those with lower-risk MDS and refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts (RARS) . This article reviews use of growth factors for lower-risk MDS patients, and examines the data for G-CSF, EPO and thrombopietic growth factors (TPO) that are available or being developed as therapeutic modalities for this challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kam Newman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jamaica Hospital Medical Center, Jamaica, NY, USA
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Chan KYY, Zhou L, Xiang P, Li K, Ng PC, Wang CC, Li M, Pong NH, Tu L, Deng H, Kong CKL, Sung RYT. Thrombopoietin improved ventricular function and regulated remodeling genes in a rat model of myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2012; 167:2546-54. [PMID: 22770769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombopoietin (TPO) protects against heart damages by doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in animal models. We aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of TPO for treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) in a rat model and explored the mechanisms in terms of the genome-wide transcriptional profile, TPO downstream protein signals, and bone marrow endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups: Sham-operated, MI (permanent ligation of the left coronary artery) and MI+TPO. Three doses of TPO were administered weekly for 2 weeks, and outcomes were assessed at 4 or 8 weeks post-injury. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS TPO treatment significantly improved left ventricular function, hemodynamic parameters, myocardium morphology, neovascularization and infarct size. MI damage upregulated a large cohort of gene expressions in the infarct border zone, including those functioned in cytoskeleton organization, vascular and matrix remodeling, muscle development, cell cycling and ion transport. TPO treatment significantly reversed these modulations. While phosphorylation of janus kinase 2 (JAK2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and protein kinase B (AKT) was modified in MI animals, TPO treatment regulated phosphorylation of STAT3 and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), and bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP1) protein level. TPO also increased EPC colonies in the bone marrow of MI animals. Our data showed that TPO alleviated damages of heart tissues from MI insults, possibly mediated by multi-factorial mechanisms including suppression of over-reacted ventricular remodeling, regulation of TPO downstream signals and mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells. TPO could be developed for treatment of cardiac damages.
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Dynamic ligand modulation of EPO receptor pools, and dysregulation by polycythemia-associated EPOR alleles. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29064. [PMID: 22253704 PMCID: PMC3257245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) and its cell surface receptor (EPOR) are essential for erythropoiesis; can modulate non-erythroid target tissues; and have been reported to affect the progression of certain cancers. Basic studies of EPOR expression and trafficking, however, have been hindered by low-level EPOR occurrence, and the limited specificity of anti-EPOR antibodies. Consequently, these aspects of EPOR biology are not well defined, nor are actions of polycythemia- associated mutated EPOR alleles. Using novel rabbit monoclonal antibodies to intracellular, PY- activated and extracellular EPOR domains, the following properties of the endogenous hEPOR in erythroid progenitors first are unambiguously defined. 1) High- Mr EPOR forms become obviously expressed only when EPO is limited. 2) EPOR-68K plus -70K species sequentially accumulate, and EPOR-70K comprises an apparent cell surface EPOR population. 3) Brefeldin A, N-glycanase and associated analyses point to EPOR-68K as a core-glycosylated intracellular EPOR pool (of modest size). 4) In contrast to recent reports, EPOR inward trafficking is shown (in UT7epo cells, and primary proerythroblasts) to be sharply ligand-dependent. Beyond this, when C-terminal truncated hEPOR-T mutant alleles as harbored by polycythemia patients are co-expressed with the wild-type EPOR in EPO-dependent erythroid progenitors, several specific events become altered. First, EPOR-T alleles are persistently activated upon EPO- challenge, yet are also subject to apparent turn-over (to low-Mr EPOR products). Furthermore, during exponential cell growth EPOR-T species become both over-represented, and hyper-activated. Interestingly, EPOR-T expression also results in an EPO dose-dependent loss of endogenous wild-type EPOR's (and, therefore, a squelching of EPOR C-terminal- mediated negative feedback effects). New knowledge concerning regulated EPOR expression and trafficking therefore is provided, together with new insight into mechanisms via which mutated EPOR-T polycythemia alleles dysregulate the erythron. Notably, specific new tools also are characterized for studies of EPOR expression, activation, action and metabolism.
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Wang J, Zhu X, Li X, Wang W, Wang X, Liu L, Deng Q, Bai G, Wang J, Feng H, Wang Z, Liu G. Effects of copper on proliferation and autocrine secretion of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in chondrocytes from newborn pigs in vitro. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 144:588-96. [PMID: 22180012 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chondrocytes from the lateral trochlear ridge of the distal femur taken from 1-day-old piglets were cultured in medium supplemented with 0, 7.8, 15.6, 31.2, and 62.5 μmol/L copper. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) levels in culture medium were determined by radioimmunoassay. DNA synthesis in chondrocytes was measured by tritiated thymidine ((3)H-TdR) incorporation. Proliferation-promoting activity and incorporation of (3)H-TdR in chondrocytes were increased in all culture media supplemented with copper and 15% fetal calf serum (FCS). The contents of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were also enhanced significantly in culture media containing 15% FCS and supplemented with copper at 15.6, 31.2, and 62.5 μmol/L. The optimal copper concentration for promoting chondrocyte proliferation and autocrine secretion of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 was 31.2 μmol/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
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Möller I, Thomas A, Geyer H, Schänzer W, Thevis M. Synthesis, characterisation, and mass spectrometric detection of a pegylated EPO-mimetic peptide for sports drug testing purposes. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:2115-2123. [PMID: 21710591 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) and other erythropoiesis-stimulating agents possess a high misuse potential in elite sport due to their ability to increase the oxygen transport capacity, which plays a vital role in enhancing endurance performance. Currently, a new generation of EPO-mimetic peptides is under development from which peginesatide (also referred to as Hematide™), a pegylated homodimeric peptide of approximately 45 kDa with no structural relationship to erythropoietin, is the most advanced drug candidate undergoing phase-III clinical trials. Since preventive doping research aims at the development of detection methods before a drug receives clinical approval, a selective and sensitive assay has to be established knowing that conventional doping control assays for EPO will not succeed in detecting peginesatide. Thus, a pegylated EPO-mimetic peptide simulating the structure and properties of the lead drug candidate peginesatide was synthesised as a model compound for this new class of emerging drugs and characterised by means of gel electrophoresis, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation (MALDI) mass spectrometry, as well as liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) after proteolytic digestion. Based on these results, a mass spectrometric detection method of the product in plasma was developed targeting a pentapeptide fragment after protein precipitation and subtilisin digestion. Its fitness for purpose was evaluated by the determination of selected method characteristics focusing particularly on specificity, recovery (ca. 60%), and limit of detection (1 ng/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Möller
- Institute of Biochemistry - Center for Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
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15
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Tarasova A, Haylock D, Winkler D. Principal signalling complexes in haematopoiesis: Structural aspects and mimetic discovery. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2011; 22:231-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Murua A, Orive G, Hernández RM, Pedraz JL. Emerging technologies in the delivery of erythropoietin for therapeutics. Med Res Rev 2011; 31:284-309. [PMID: 19967731 DOI: 10.1002/med.20184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering the function of proteins and their roles in signaling pathways is one of the main goals of biomedical research, especially from the perspective of uncovering pathways that may ultimately be exploited for therapeutic benefit. Over the last half century, a greatly expanded understanding of the biology of the glycoprotein hormone erythropoietin (Epo) has emerged from regulator of the circulating erythrocyte mass to a widely used therapeutic agent. Originally viewed as the renal hormone responsible for erythropoiesis, recent in vivo studies in animal models and clinical trials demonstrate that many other tissues locally produce Epo independent of its effects on red blood cell mass. Thus, not only its hematopoietic activity but also the recently discovered nonerythropoietic actions in addition to new drug delivery systems are being thoroughly investigated in order to fulfill the specific Epo release requirements for each therapeutic approach. The present review focuses on updating the information previously provided by similar reviews and recent experimental approaches are presented to describe the advances in Epo drug delivery achieved in the last few years and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Murua
- Laboratory of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Networking Biomedical Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, SLFPB-EHU, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Reichel C. Recent developments in doping testing for erythropoietin. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:463-81. [PMID: 21637931 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5116-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The constant development of new erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), since the first introduction of recombinant erythropoietin (rhEpo) for clinical use, has also necessitated constant development of methods for detecting the abuse of these substances. Doping with ESAs is prohibited according to the World Anti-Doping Code and its prohibited list of substances and methods. Since the first publication of a direct and urine-based detection method in 2000, which uses changes in the Epo isoform profile as detected by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide slab gels (IEF-PAGE), the method has been constantly adapted to the appearance of new ESAs (e.g., Dynepo, Mircera). Blood had to be introduced as an additional matrix, because Mircera (a PEGylated Epo) is best confirmed in serum or plasma after immunoaffinity purification. A Mircera ELISA was developed for fast screening of sera. With the appearance of Dynepo and copy epoetins, the additional application of sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE or equivalent) became necessary. The haematological module of the Athlete Biological Passport is the latest development in multivariable indirect testing for ESA doping. The article summarizes the main strategies currently used in Epo anti-doping testing with special focus on new developments made between 2009 and 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Reichel
- Doping Control Laboratory, AIT Seibersdorf Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria.
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Timmins NE, Nielsen LK. Manufactured RBC--rivers of blood, or an oasis in the desert? Biotechnol Adv 2011; 29:661-6. [PMID: 21609758 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is an essential practice in modern medicine, one that is entirely dependent on the availability of donor blood. Constraints in donor supply have led to proposals that transfusible RBC could be manufactured from stem cells. While it is possible to generate small amounts of RBC in vitro, very large numbers of cells are required to be of clinical significance. We explore the challenges facing large scale manufacture of RBC and technological developments required for such a scenario to be realised.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Timmins
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia.
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19
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In 1985-1989, erythropoietin (EPO), its receptor (EPOR), and janus kinase 2 were cloned; established to be essential for definitive erythropoiesis; and initially intensely studied. Recently, new impetus, tools, and model systems have emerged to re-examine EPO/EPOR actions, and are addressed in this review. Impetus includes indications that EPO affects significantly more than standard erythroblast survival pathways, the development of novel erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, increasing evidence for EPO/EPOR cytoprotection of ischemically injured tissues, and potential EPO-mediated worsening of tumorigenesis. RECENT FINDINGS New findings are reviewed in four functional contexts: (pro)erythroblast survival mechanisms, new candidate EPO/EPOR effects on erythroid cell development and new EPOR responses, EPOR downmodulation and trafficking, and novel erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. SUMMARY As Current Opinion, this monograph seeks to summarize, and provoke, new EPO/EPOR action concepts. Specific problems addressed include: beyond (and before) BCL-XL, what key survival factors are deployed in early-stage proerythroblasts? Are distinct EPO/EPOR signals transduced in stage-selective fashions? Is erythroblast proliferation also modulated by EPO/EPOR signals? What functions are subserved by new noncanonical EPO/EPOR response factors (e.g. podocalyxin like-1, tribbles 3, reactive oxygen species, and nuclear factor kappa B)? What key regulators mediate EPOR inhibition and trafficking? And for emerging erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, to what extent do activities parallel EPOs (or differ in advantageous, potentially complicating ways, or both)?
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Brown KC. Peptidic tumor targeting agents: the road from phage display peptide selections to clinical applications. Curr Pharm Des 2010; 16:1040-54. [PMID: 20030617 DOI: 10.2174/138161210790963788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has become the number one cause of death amongst Americans, killing approximately 1,600 people per day. Novel methods for early detection and the development of effective treatments are an eminent priority in medicine. For this reason, isolation of tumor-specific ligands is a growing area of research. Tumor-specific binding agents can be used to probe the tumor cell surface phenotype and to customize treatment accordingly by conjugating the appropriate cell-targeting ligand to an anticancer drug. This refines the molecular diagnosis of the tumor and creates guided drugs that can target the tumor while sparing healthy tissues. Additionally, these targeting agents can be used as in vivo imaging agents that allow for earlier detection of tumors and micrometastasis. Phage display is a powerful technique for the isolation of peptides that bind to a particular target with high affinity and specificity. The biopanning of intact cancer cells or tumors in animals can be used as the bait to isolate peptides that bind to cancer-specific cell surface biomarkers. Over the past 10 years, unbiased biopanning of phage-displayed peptide libraries has generated a suite of cancer targeting peptidic ligands. This review discusses the recent advances in the isolation of cancer-targeting peptides by unbiased biopanning methods and highlights the use of the isolated peptides in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathlynn C Brown
- Division of Translational Medicine Departments of Internal Medicine and The Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9185, USA.
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Khan M, Mikhael J. A review of immune thrombocytopenic purpura: focus on the novel thrombopoietin agonists. J Blood Med 2010; 1:21-31. [PMID: 22282680 PMCID: PMC3262325 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s6803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder that is characterized by antibody-mediated platelet destruction and decreased platelet production. ITP and its treatments have been recognized to cause diminished quality of life in those afflicted with this illness on levels comparable to other chronic diseases. The disease can be self-limiting, but in adults it often is a chronic process requiring medical intervention to maintain appropriate platelet counts and to reduce bleeding events. Many patients go on to develop disease that is refractory to current interventions. Historically, the aim of treatment has been focused on reducing the amount of antibody-mediated destruction but newer therapies have centered on the decreased platelet production. Two new medications that target production of platelets have recently been USA, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for the treatment of chronic relapsing ITP. Here, we provide an overview of ITP and a comprehensive review of the newest therapies aimed at the stimulation of platelet production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan Khan
- Division of Hematology – Oncology, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
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Yu M, Zhou H, Liu X, Huo Y, Zhu Y, Chen Y. Study on biodistribution and imaging of radioiodinated arginine-arginine-leucine peptide in nude mice bearing human prostate carcinoma. Ann Nucl Med 2009; 24:13-9. [PMID: 19997991 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-009-0328-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the biodistribution and imaging of (131)I-labeled arginine-arginine-leucine (RRL) peptide in human prostate carcinoma bearing nude mice. METHODS The 10-mer cyclic peptide containing the RRL sequence (YCGGRRLGGC) was synthesized by the solid-phase method. Disulfide bonds between the cysteines maintain the cyclic structure. Radioiodination of the RRL peptide was performed by the chloramine-T method. (131)I-labeled peptides were injected into the nude mice bearing human prostate carcinoma via a tail vein. Biodistribution and imaging results in vivo were obtained. RESULTS The (131)I-labeling rate of RRL peptide was about 60%. The radiochemical purity was 96.5%. The radiochemical purity of the labeled compound remained 90.3% at 24 h in human blood serum at 37 degrees C. In the biodistribution studies, radiolabeled RRL peptide probe accumulated in the tumor to a level of approximately 2.52 and 0.65% injected dose per gram of tissue at 6 and 24 h after administration. The data for the (131)I-labeled control peptide were 0.73 and 0.06% ID/g at 6 and 24 h after administration. The ratios of radioactivity in tumors to radioactivity in blood at 1, 6, and 24 h after injection were about 0.32, 1.12, 1.30 for RRL peptide and 0.30, 0.37, 0.22 for control peptide. The ratios of radioactivity in tumors to radioactivity in muscle at 1, 6, 24 h after injection were about 1.40, 3.94, 9.08 for RRL peptide and 1.98, 2.89, 1.78 for control peptide. At 24 h after administration, the SPECT imaging obtained clearly showed a contrasting tumor on the right armpit of mice with high concentrations of radioactivity, and the surrounding background was very low. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that radioiodination of RRL peptide is feasible and that the labeled compound is stable in human blood serum. The (131)I-labeled RRL peptide shows high tumor uptake and good tumor-to-organ ratios that allow noninvasive visualization of tumors. The (131)I-labeled compound is valuable to detect tumors as molecular probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Yu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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Timmins NE, Nielsen LK. Blood cell manufacture: current methods and future challenges. Trends Biotechnol 2009; 27:415-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2009.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Revised: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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