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Gheorghe V, Gheorghe CG, Popovici DR, Mihai S, Calin C, Sarbu EE, Doukeh R, Grigoriu N, Toader CN, Epure C, Matei V. Synthesis, Purity Check, Hydrolysis and Removal of o-Chlorobenzyliden Malononitrile (CBM) by Biological Selective Media. Toxics 2023; 11:672. [PMID: 37624177 PMCID: PMC10457837 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11080672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The removal yield of organic substances present in water depends on the environmental conditions, on the chemical composition of the water and on the chemical substance dissolved in the water, which constitutes the substrate of the metabolic activities of the microalgae that use these substances in the biochemical reactions of cellular enzyme complexes. o-Chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS, to use its military designation) was synthesized in-house, for research purposes, by a condensing reaction between o-chlorobenzaldehide and malononitrilein the presence of diethylamine. The detection, identification and confirmation of o-chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile (coded CBM in this experimental study) was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the purity of CBM was 99%. The biodegradation capacity in the samples that contained the biological suspension, after 24 h and 96 h of incubation, was determined via GC-MS analysis, and no evidence of the presence of CBM or some metabolites of CBM was detected. In the parallel samples, a hydrolysis process of CBM at room temperature, without biological treatment, revealed two main metabolites, malononitrile and o-chlorobenzaldehyde, respectively. This study is focused on evaluating the biodegradation capacity of o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile in the presence of a biological material, culture of Chlorella sp., in comparison with a classical hydrolysis process. The tests performed indicate that the suspension of Chlorella sp. consumed the entire amount of CBM and metabolites from the analyzed samples. The tests prove that the biological material can be used to decontaminate the affected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viorel Gheorghe
- Department of Chemistry & Doctoral School, Faculty of Petroleum Refining and Petrochemistry, Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti, 39 Bvd. Bucuresti, 100520 Ploiesti, Romania (V.M.)
| | - Catalina Gabriela Gheorghe
- Department of Chemistry & Doctoral School, Faculty of Petroleum Refining and Petrochemistry, Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti, 39 Bvd. Bucuresti, 100520 Ploiesti, Romania (V.M.)
| | - Daniela Roxana Popovici
- Department of Chemistry & Doctoral School, Faculty of Petroleum Refining and Petrochemistry, Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti, 39 Bvd. Bucuresti, 100520 Ploiesti, Romania (V.M.)
| | - Sonia Mihai
- Department of Chemistry & Doctoral School, Faculty of Petroleum Refining and Petrochemistry, Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti, 39 Bvd. Bucuresti, 100520 Ploiesti, Romania (V.M.)
| | - Catalina Calin
- Department of Chemistry & Doctoral School, Faculty of Petroleum Refining and Petrochemistry, Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti, 39 Bvd. Bucuresti, 100520 Ploiesti, Romania (V.M.)
| | - Elena Emilia Sarbu
- Department of Chemistry & Doctoral School, Faculty of Petroleum Refining and Petrochemistry, Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti, 39 Bvd. Bucuresti, 100520 Ploiesti, Romania (V.M.)
| | - Rami Doukeh
- Department of Chemistry & Doctoral School, Faculty of Petroleum Refining and Petrochemistry, Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti, 39 Bvd. Bucuresti, 100520 Ploiesti, Romania (V.M.)
| | - Nicoleta Grigoriu
- Research and Innovation Center for CBRN Defense and Ecology, Oltenitei 225, District 4, 041309 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Nicolae Toader
- Research and Innovation Center for CBRN Defense and Ecology, Oltenitei 225, District 4, 041309 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristiana Epure
- Research and Innovation Center for CBRN Defense and Ecology, Oltenitei 225, District 4, 041309 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vasile Matei
- Department of Chemistry & Doctoral School, Faculty of Petroleum Refining and Petrochemistry, Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti, 39 Bvd. Bucuresti, 100520 Ploiesti, Romania (V.M.)
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Christodoulou I, Lyu P, Soares CV, Patriarche G, Serre C, Maurin G, Gref R. Nanoscale Iron-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks: Incorporation of Functionalized Drugs and Degradation in Biological Media. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36834775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) attract growing interest in biomedical applications. Among thousands of MOF structures, the mesoporous iron(III) carboxylate MIL-100(Fe) (MIL stands for the Materials of Lavoisier Institute) is among the most studied MOF nanocarrier, owing to its high porosity, biodegradability, and lack of toxicity. Nanosized MIL-100(Fe) particles (nanoMOFs) readily coordinate with drugs leading to unprecedented payloads and controlled release. Here, we show how the functional groups of the challenging anticancer drug prednisolone influence their interactions with the nanoMOFs and their release in various media. Molecular modeling enabled predicting the strength of interactions between prednisolone-bearing or not phosphate or sulfate moieties (PP and PS, respectively) and the oxo-trimer of MIL-100(Fe) as well as understanding the pore filling of MIL-100(Fe). Noticeably, PP showed the strongest interactions (drug loading up to 30 wt %, encapsulation efficiency > 98%) and slowed down the nanoMOFs' degradation in simulated body fluid. This drug was shown to bind to the iron Lewis acid sites and was not displaced by other ions in the suspension media. On the contrary, PS was entrapped with lower efficiencies and was easily displaced by phosphates in the release media. Noticeably, the nanoMOFs maintained their size and faceted structures after drug loading and even after degradation in blood or serum after losing almost the totality of the constitutive trimesate ligands. Scanning electron microscopy with high annular dark field (STEM-HAADF) in conjunction with X-Ray energy-dispersive spectrometry (XEDS) was a powerful tool enabling the unraveling of the main elements to gain insights on the MOF structural evolution after drug loading and/or upon degradation.
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Vegas VG, Latorre A, Marcos ML, Gómez-García CJ, Castillo Ó, Zamora F, Gómez J, Martínez-Costas J, Vázquez López M, Somoza Á, Amo-Ochoa P. Rational Design of Copper(II)-Uracil Nanoprocessed Coordination Polymers to Improve Their Cytotoxic Activity in Biological Media. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:36948-36957. [PMID: 34338517 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work is focused on the rational structural design of two isostructural Cu(II) nano-coordination polymers (NCPs) with uracil-1-acetic acid (UAcOH) (CP1n) and 5-fluorouracil-1-acetic acid (CP2n). Suitable single crystals for X-ray diffraction studies of CP1 and CP2 were prepared under hydrothermal conditions, enabling their structural determination as 1D-CP ladder-like polymeric structures. The control of the synthetic parameters allows their processability into water colloids based on nanoplates (CP1n and CP2n). These NCPs are stable in water at physiological pHs for long periods. However, interestingly, CP1n is chemically altered in culture media. These transformations provoke the partial release of its building blocks and the formation of new species, such as [Cu(UAcO)2(H2O)4]·2H2O (Cu(II)-complex), and species corresponding to the partial reduction of the Cu(II) centers. The cytotoxic studies of CP1n versus human pancreatic adenocarcinoma and human uveal melanoma cells show that CP1n produces a decrease in the cell viability, while their UAcOH and Cu(II)-complex are not cytotoxic under similar conditions. The copper reduction species detected in the hydrolysis of CP1n are closely related to the formation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) detected in the cytotoxic studies. These results prompted us to prepare CP2n that was designed to improve the cytotoxicity by the substitution of UAcO by 5-FUAcO, taking into account the anticancer activity of the 5-fluorouracil moiety. The new CP2n has a similar behavior to CP1n both in water and in biological media. However, its subtle structural differences are vital in improving its cytotoxic activity. Indeed, the release during the hydrolysis of species containing the 5-fluorouracil moiety provokes a remarkable increase in cellular toxicity and a significant increase in ROS species formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica G Vegas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Ana Latorre
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - María Luisa Marcos
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Carlos J Gómez-García
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Valencia, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, Paterna, Valencia 46980, Spain
| | - Óscar Castillo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, Bilbao E-48080, Spain
| | - Félix Zamora
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Jacobo Gómez
- Centro Singular en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - José Martínez-Costas
- Centro Singular en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Miguel Vázquez López
- Centro Singular en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Álvaro Somoza
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Pilar Amo-Ochoa
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
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Pem B, Ćurlin M, Domazet Jurašin D, Vrček V, Barbir R, Micek V, Fratila RM, de la Fuente JM, Vinković Vrček I. Fate and transformation of silver nanoparticles in different biological conditions. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2021; 12:665-679. [PMID: 34327112 PMCID: PMC8275868 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.12.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The exploitation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in biomedicine represents more than one third of their overall application. Despite their wide use and significant amount of scientific data on their effects on biological systems, detailed insight into their in vivo fate is still lacking. This study aimed to elucidate the biotransformation patterns of AgNPs following oral administration. Colloidal stability, biochemical transformation, dissolution, and degradation behaviour of different types of AgNPs were evaluated in systems modelled to represent biological environments relevant for oral administration, as well as in cell culture media and tissue compartments obtained from animal models. A multimethod approach was employed by implementing light scattering (dynamic and electrophoretic) techniques, spectroscopy (UV-vis, atomic absorption, nuclear magnetic resonance) and transmission electron microscopy. The obtained results demonstrated that AgNPs may transform very quickly during their journey through different biological conditions. They are able to degrade to an ionic form and again reconstruct to a nanoparticulate form, depending on the biological environment determined by specific body compartments. As suggested for other inorganic nanoparticles by other research groups, AgNPs fail to preserve their specific integrity in in vivo settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pem
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Ćurlin
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Šalata 12, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darija Domazet Jurašin
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Valerije Vrček
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Ante Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rinea Barbir
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vedran Micek
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Raluca M Fratila
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Jesus M de la Fuente
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Ivana Vinković Vrček
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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V. Pinto R, Antunes F, Pires J, Silva-Herdade A, Pinto ML. A Comparison of Different Approaches to Quantify Nitric Oxide Release from NO-Releasing Materials in Relevant Biological Media. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112580. [PMID: 32498254 PMCID: PMC7321377 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of solid materials that deliver nitric oxide (NO) are of interest for several therapeutic applications. Nevertheless, due to NO’s reactive nature, rapid diffusion and short half-life, reporting their NO delivery characteristics is rather complex. The full knowledge of this parameter is fundamental to discuss the therapeutic utility of these materials, and thus, the NO quantification strategy must be carefully considered according to the NO-releasing scaffold type, to the expected NO-releasing amounts and to the medium of quantification. In this work, we explore and discuss three different ways of quantifying the release of NO in different biological fluids: haemoglobin assay, Griess assay and NO electrochemical detection. For these measurements, different porous materials, namely zeolites and titanosilicates were used as models for NO-releasing platforms. The oxyhaemoglobin assay offers great sensitivity (nanomolar levels), but it is only possible to monitor the NO release while oxyhaemoglobin is not fully converted. On the other hand, Griess assay has low sensitivity in complex biological media, namely in blood, and interferences with media make NO measurements questionable. Nevertheless, this method can measure micromolar amounts of NO and may be useful for an initial screening for long-term release performance. The electrochemical sensor enabled real-time measurements in a variety of biological settings. However, measured NO is critically low in oxygenated and complex media, giving transient signals, which makes long-term quantification impossible. Despite the disadvantages of each method, the combination of all the results provided a more comprehensive NO release profile for these materials, which will help to determine which formulations are most promising for specific therapeutic applications. This study highlights the importance of using appropriate NO quantification tools to provide accurate reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana V. Pinto
- CERENA. Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (F.A.); (J.P.)
| | - Fernando Antunes
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (F.A.); (J.P.)
| | - João Pires
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (F.A.); (J.P.)
| | - Ana Silva-Herdade
- Instituto de Bioquímica, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Moisés L. Pinto
- CERENA. Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
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Burns JR, Howorka S. Structural and Functional Stability of DNA Nanopores in Biological Media. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2019; 9:nano9040490. [PMID: 30934927 PMCID: PMC6523550 DOI: 10.3390/nano9040490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
DNA nanopores offer a unique nano-scale foothold at the membrane interface that can help advance the life sciences as biophysical research tools or gate-keepers for drug delivery. Biological applications require sufficient physiological stability and membrane activity for viable biological action. In this report, we determine essential parameters for efficient nanopore folding and membrane binding in biocompatible cell media. The parameters are identified for an archetypal DNA nanopore composed of six interwoven strands carrying cholesterol lipid anchors. Using gel electrophoresis and fluorescence spectroscopy, the nanostructures are found to assemble efficiently in cell media, such as LB and DMEM, and remain structurally stable at physiological temperatures. Furthermore, the pores’ oligomerization state is monitored using fluorescence spectroscopy and confocal microscopy. The pores remain predominately water-soluble over 24 h in all buffer systems, and were able to bind to lipid vesicles after 24 h to confirm membrane activity. However, the addition of fetal bovine serum to DMEM causes a significant reduction in nanopore activity. Serum proteins complex rapidly to the pore, most likely via ionic interactions, to reduce the effective nanopore concentration in solution. Our findings outline crucial conditions for maintaining lipidated DNA nanodevices, structurally and functionally intact in cell media, and pave the way for biological studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Burns
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Structural Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Stefan Howorka
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Structural Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, A-4020 Linz, Austria.
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Mekseriwattana W, Srisuk S, Kriangsaksri R, Niamsiri N, Prapainop K. The Impact of Serum Proteins and Surface Chemistry on Magnetic Nanoparticle Colloidal Stability and Cellular Uptake in Breast Cancer Cells. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:55. [PMID: 30618013 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been extensively studied in biomedical applications for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes. Stability is one of the key determinants dictating successful application of these nanoparticles (NPs) in biological systems. In this study, SPIONs were synthesized and coated with two protective shells-poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) or citric acid (CA)-and the stability was evaluated in biologically relevant media together with effect of serum protein supplementation. The stabilities of SPION, SPION-PMAA and SPION-CA in water, DMEM, RPMI, DMEM with 10% (v v-1), and RPMI with 10% (v v-1) fetal bovine serum were determined. Without protective shells, the NPs were not stable and formed large aggregates in all media tested. CA improved the stability of the NPs in water, but was not very effective in improving stability in cell culture media. Addition of serum slightly improved colloidal stability of SPION-CA, whereas inclusion of serum significantly improved the colloidal stability of SPION-PMAA. Serum proteins also found to enhance cellular viability of MCF-7 breast cancer cells after exposure to high concentrations of SPION-PMAA and SPION-CA. Different patterns of serum proteins binding to the NPs were observed, and cellular uptake in MCF-7 cells were investigated. The stabilized SPION-PMAA and SPION-CA NPs showed uptake activity with minimal background attachment. Therefore, the importance of colloidal stability of SPIONs for utilizing in future therapeutic or diagnostic purposes is illustrated.
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Meng M, Schmidtgall B, Ducho C. Enhanced Stability of DNA Oligonucleotides with Partially Zwitterionic Backbone Structures in Biological Media. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112941. [PMID: 30423832 PMCID: PMC6278555 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficient stability towards nuclease-mediated degradation is one of the most relevant tasks in the development of oligonucleotide-derived biomedical agents. This hurdle can be overcome through modifications to the native oligonucleotide backbone structure, with the goal of simultaneously retaining the unique hybridization properties of nucleic acids. The nucleosyl amino acid (NAA)-modification is a recently introduced artificial cationic backbone linkage. Partially zwitterionic NAA-modified oligonucleotides had previously shown hybridization with DNA strands with retained base-pairing fidelity. In this study, we report the significantly enhanced stability of NAA-modified oligonucleotides towards 3′- and 5′-exonuclease-mediated degradation as well as in complex biological media such as human plasma and whole cell lysate. This demonstrates the potential versatility of the NAA-motif as a backbone modification for the development of biomedically active oligonucleotide analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Meng
- Saarland University, Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Boris Schmidtgall
- Saarland University, Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- University of Paderborn, Department of Chemistry, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany.
| | - Christian Ducho
- Saarland University, Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- University of Paderborn, Department of Chemistry, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany.
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Schubert J, Chanana M. Coating Matters: Review on Colloidal Stability of Nanoparticles with Biocompatible Coatings in Biological Media, Living Cells and Organisms. Curr Med Chem 2018; 25:4553-4586. [PMID: 29852857 PMCID: PMC7040520 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180601101859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Within the last two decades, the field of nanomedicine has not developed as successfully as has widely been hoped for. The main reason for this is the immense complexity of the biological systems, including the physico-chemical properties of the biological fluids as well as the biochemistry and the physiology of living systems. The nanoparticles' physicochemical properties are also highly important. These differ profoundly from those of freshly synthesized particles when applied in biological/living systems as recent research in this field reveals. The physico-chemical properties of nanoparticles are predefined by their structural and functional design (core and coating material) and are highly affected by their interaction with the environment (temperature, pH, salt, proteins, cells). Since the coating material is the first part of the particle to come in contact with the environment, it does not only provide biocompatibility, but also defines the behavior (e.g. colloidal stability) and the fate (degradation, excretion, accumulation) of nanoparticles in the living systems. Hence, the coating matters, particularly for a nanoparticle system for biomedical applications, which has to fulfill its task in the complex environment of biological fluids, cells and organisms. In this review, we evaluate the performance of different coating materials for nanoparticles concerning their ability to provide colloidal stability in biological media and living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Schubert
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Nanostructured Materials, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Dresden, Germany and Department of Physical Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany;E-mails: ;
| | - Munish Chanana
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Nanostructured Materials, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Dresden, Germany and Department of Physical Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany;E-mails: ;
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Wang S, Xu T, Yang Y, Shao Z. Colloidal Stability of Silk Fibroin Nanoparticles Coated with Cationic Polymer for Effective Drug Delivery. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:21254-62. [PMID: 26331584 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Generally, silk fibroin nanoparticles (SFNPs) are great candidates to deliver drugs or other bioactive substances in vivo. However, their further applications are largely limited by the low colloidal stability of SFNPs, as they tend to aggregate in biological media. To address this issue, SFNP composite materials with a core-shell structure (CS-SFNPs) were fabricated by coating SFNPs with four different selected cationic polymers, glycol chitosan, N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan, polyethylenimine, and PEGylated polyethylenimine, through electrostatic interaction. According to the DLS and NTA results, compared with the bare SFNPs, the CS-SFNPs showed much higher colloidal stability in biological media. When treated with human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells, the CS-SFNPs were efficiently internalized and accumulated in lysosome; and when loaded with an anticancer drug, DOX, the CS-SFNPs also showed higher cytotoxicity against HeLa cells. Our results suggest that the fabricated CS-SFNPs with desirable colloidal stability in biological media have the potential to be employed as drug carriers for the anticancer drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, and ‡Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Tao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, and ‡Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yuhong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, and ‡Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Zhengzhong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, and ‡Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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