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Zhang X, Wang X, Chen J, Chen M, Lu X, Ning J, Liu H, Liu G, Xu X, Qu X, Yu K, Xu H, Wang C, Liu B. Functional analyses of TRAF6 gene in Argopecten scallops. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 147:109443. [PMID: 38354964 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor (TRAF) family has been reported to be involved in many immune pathways. In a previous study, we identified 5 TRAF genes, including TRAF2, 3, 4, 6, and 7, in the bay scallop (Argopecten irradians, Air) and the Peruvian scallop (Argopecten purpuratus, Apu). Since TRAF6 is a key molecular link in the TNF superfamily, we conducted a series of studies targeting the TRAF6 gene in the Air and Apu scallops as well as their hybrid progeny, Aip (Air ♀ × Apu ♂) and Api (Apu ♀ × Air ♂). Subcellular localization assay showed that the Air-, Aip-, and Api-TRAF6 were widely distributed in the cytoplasm of the human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK293T). Additionally, dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that among TRAF3, TRAF4, and TRAF6, only the overexpression of TRAF6 significantly activated NF-κB activity in the HEK293T cells in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest a crucial role of TRAF6 in the immune response in Argopecten scallops. To investigate the specific immune mechanism of TRAF6 in Argopecten scallops, we conducted TRAF6 knockdown using RNA interference. Transcriptomic analyses of the TRAF6 RNAi and control groups identified 1194, 2403, and 1099 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the Air, Aip, and Api scallops, respectively. KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that these DEGs were primarily enriched in transport and catabolism, amino acid metabolism, peroxisome, lysosome, and phagosome pathways. Expression profiles of 28 key DEGs were confirmed by qRT-PCR assays. The results of this study may provide insights into the immune mechanisms of TRAF in Argopecten scallops and ultimately benefit scallop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Zhang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Jieyu Chen
- Qingdao No. 9 High School, Qingdao, Shandong, 266426, China
| | - Min Chen
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Xia Lu
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Junhao Ning
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Haijun Liu
- Yantai Spring-Sea AquaSeed, Co., Ltd., Yantai, 264006, China
| | - Guilong Liu
- Yantai Spring-Sea AquaSeed, Co., Ltd., Yantai, 264006, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Yantai Spring-Sea AquaSeed, Co., Ltd., Yantai, 264006, China
| | - Xiaoxu Qu
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Kai Yu
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China
| | - He Xu
- Jiangsu Baoyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222144, China; Jiangsu Haitai MariTech Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222144, China
| | - Chunde Wang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China; Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China.
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Tharanga EMT, Nadarajapillai K, Sirisena DMKP, Kim G, Jeong T, Wan Q, Lee J. Involvement of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) in NF-κB activation and antiviral immunity: Molecular and functional characterization of TRAF6 in red-spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 146:109434. [PMID: 38331055 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is a member of the TRAF family of adaptor proteins involved in the signal transduction pathways of both TNF receptor and interleukin-1 receptor/Toll-like receptor superfamilies. In this study, red-spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara) TRAF6 (EaTraf6) was identified and characterized. The open reading frame of EaTraf6, 1713 bp in length, encodes a putative protein of 570 amino acids and has a predicted molecular weight and theoretical isoelectric point of 64.11 kDa and 6.07, respectively. EaTraf6 protein contains an N-terminal RING-type zinc finger domain, two TRAF-type zinc finger domains, a coiled-coil region (zf-TRAF), and a conserved C-terminal meprin and TRAF homology (MATH) domain. EaTraf6 shared the highest amino acid sequence identity with its ortholog from Epinephelus coioides, and phylogenetic analysis showed all fish TRAF6s clustered together and apart from other species. qRT-PCR results revealed that EaTraf6 was ubiquitously expressed in all examined tissues, with the highest level detected in the blood. In the immune challenge, EaTraf6 exhibited modulated mRNA expression levels in the blood and spleen. The subcellular localization analysis revealed that the EaTraf6 protein was predominantly present in the cytoplasm; however, it could translocate into the nucleus following poly (I:C) stimulation. The antiviral function of EaTraf6 was confirmed by analyzing the expression of host antiviral genes and viral genomic RNA during viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus infection. Additionally, luciferase reporter assay results indicated that EaTraf6 is involved in the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway upon poly (I:C) stimulation. Finally, the effect of EaTraf6 on cytokine gene expression and its role in regulating macrophage M1 polarization were demonstrated. Collectively, these findings suggest that EaTraf6 is a crucial immune-related gene that significantly contributes to antiviral functions and regulation of NF-κB activity in the red-spotted grouper.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M T Tharanga
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kishanthini Nadarajapillai
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - D M K P Sirisena
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Gaeun Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyug Jeong
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiang Wan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Shi Y, Liang X, Hu S, Wang M, Wang Y, Zhao Z. Role of TRAF6 from obscure puffer (Takifugu obscurus) in immune response against Edwardsiella tarda infection. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2024; 47:e13877. [PMID: 37876121 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is a vital molecule of inflammatory signaling pathways in innate immune response against pathogens. To elucidate its role in defense against Edwardsiella tarda infection in teleost fish, TRAF6 homologue was identified from obscure puffer (Takifugu obscurus) and functionally analyzed in this study. The obscure puffer TRAF6 (ToTRAF6) is a protein of 565 amino acids containing conserved RING domain, zinc finger-TRAF and MATH_TRAF6 domain. ToTRAF6 mRNA distributed in various healthy tissues of obscure puffer and was upregulated in the immune related tissues after E. tarda infection. ToTRAF6 protein was localized in the cytoplasm and aggregate as dots around the nuclei in FHM cells. The overexpression of ToTRAF6 in FHM cells decreased the quantity of E. tarda and induced the significant upregulation of downstream MAPK signaling pathway genes. These data suggest that ToTRAF6 is a key molecule of MAPK signaling pathway in defense against E. tarda infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaying Liang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sufei Hu
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - MengMeng Wang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
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Han M, Liu Y, Jin C, Wang X, Song W, Zhang Q. Genome-wide identification, characterization and expression profiling of TRAF family genes in Sebastes schlegelii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:203-210. [PMID: 35724846 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) are signaling mediators for Toll-like receptor (TLR) and tumor necrosis factor (TNFR) superfamily that play important roles in organism immune response. However, reports on systematic identification of TRAF gene family in teleost fish and the function of TRAFs in innate immunity of black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) are lacked. In our study, eight TRAF genes were identified and characterized, namely, SsTRAF2a, SsTRAF2a-like, SsTRAF2b, SsTRAF3, SsTRAF4, SsTRAF5, SsTRAF6 and SsTRAF7 in S. schegelii. Furthermore, we analyzed their sequences, conserved domains, gene structures, motif compositions, phylogeny, tissue expression patterns in healthy and Vibro. anguillarum challenged individuals. All the SsTRAFs contained typical conserved domain, including C-terminal MATH domain and N-terminal RING finger domain. Analyses of gene structures and motifs showed the distribution of exon-intron and conserved motifs in S. schegelii and serval other teleost fish. We also analyzed the expression file of SsTRAFs in five immune-relate organs, liver, spleen, kidney, gill and intestine in healthy and bacterial challenged fish. The results indicated that all SsTRAF member were widely involved in immune response after pathogenic bacteria infection. In summary, the analyses of TRAFs in S. schegelii will be helpful to better understand the diverse roles of TRAF genes in the innate immune response to bacterial challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Han
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Yuxiang Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Chaofan Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Xuangang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Weihao Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, China.
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He J, Hu S, Xie Y, Wei Y, Zhang Q, Pi X, Qi Z. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of TRIF, TRAF6, and TBK1 of golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:604-610. [PMID: 35809882 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-β (TRIF), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) are critical signal transducers in toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling pathway. In the present study, TRIF, TRAF6 and TBK1 were characterized from golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus), named as TroTRIF, TroTRAF6 and TroTBK1, respectively. The full cDNA length of TroTRIF, TroTRAF6 and TroTBK1 was 2297 bp, 2293 bp, and 2482 bp, which respectively encoded 589, 573 and 723 amino acids. The deduced amino acids sequences of TroTRIF, TroTRAF6 and TroTBK1 contained conserved motifs, similar to their counterparts in other vertebrates. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that TroTRIF, TroTRAF6 and TroTBK1 were well clustered with their counterparts in other fish species. Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR) analysis showed that TroTRIF, TroTBK1 and TroTRAF6 were detected in all examined tissues of healthy fish, but shared distinct transcript levels. Moreover, the expressions of TroTRIF, TroTBK1 and TroTRAF6 were generally induced by polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (polyI:C), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and Vibrio alginolyticus stimulation in vivo, indicating their critical roles in the immune defense of golden pompano against pathogen invasion. Our results provide valuable information for understanding the functions of these genes in golden pompano.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinquan He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Autonomous Region, 530004, China
| | - Shu Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Autonomous Region, 530004, China
| | - Yushuai Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Autonomous Region, 530004, China
| | - Youchuan Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Autonomous Region, 530004, China.
| | - Qihuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224051, China
| | - Xiangyu Pi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224051, China
| | - Zhitao Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224051, China.
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Li H, Li Q, Wang S, He J, Li C. The MIP-T3 from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei restricts white spot syndrome virus infection via regulating NF-κB activation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:56-64. [PMID: 35697271 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In vertebrate, MIP-T3 (microtubule-interacting protein associated with TRAF3) functions as a regulator of innate immune response that involves many cellular processes. However, the immune response regulated by shrimp (an arthropod) MIP-T3 remains unrevealed. In the present study, a MIP-T3 homolog from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (named as LvMIP-T3) was cloned and identified. LvMIP-T3 had a 2076 bp open reading frame (ORF), encoding a polypeptide of 691 amino acids that contained a classic coiled-coil domain in the C-terminal that showed a high degree of conservation to other homologs. LvMIP-T3 could interact with LvTRAF6, a member of the canonical NF-κB pathway, but not LvTRAF3, which implies that LvMIP-T3 is able to regulate NF-κB activity via its interaction with LvTRAF6. In addition, LvMIP-T3 was substantially inducted in response to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) challenge, and we demonstrated that LvMIP-T3 facilitated the expression of NF-κB-mediated several Penaeidins (antimicrobial peptides, AMPs) to oppose infection. Taken together, we identified a MIP-T3 homolog from shrimp L. vannamei that played a positive role in the TRAF6/NF-κB/AMPs axis mediated defense response, which will contribute to better understand the regulator relationship among members of the canonical NF-κB pathway in shrimp, and provides some insights into disease resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering/ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, PR China
| | - Qinyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering/ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, PR China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering/ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, PR China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering/ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, PR China.
| | - Chaozheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering/ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, PR China.
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Du Y, Yu J, Huang G, Zhang K, El Din H Abdelhafez H, Yin X, Qiao J, Guo J. Regulation of TRAF6 by MicroRNA-146a in Zebrafish Embryos after Exposure to Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate at Different Concentrations. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:2261-2272. [PMID: 34704739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As an endocrine disruptor, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is ubiquitous in multiple environmental media, causing long-term toxic effects on organisms. MicroRNAs are a class of noncoding RNAs with only 20-24 nucleotides in length, which regulate the expression of many protein-coding genes when organisms are exposed to environmental chemicals. MiR-146a, a differentially expressed miRNA after DEHP exposure, was screened by miRNA sequencing. As its target, TRAF6 was predicted and identified by double fluorescent protein assay and double fluorescent gene reporting assay. It shows the contrary expression pattern with miR-146a when mimics and inhibitors were transfected into ZF4 cells. MiR-146a and TRAF6 were downregulated and upregulated, respectively, in zebrafish embryos exposed to a low-dose concentration gradient of DEHP. These results deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of DEHP toxicity and suggest that miR-146a can serve as a potential biomarker for DEHP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Du
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junjie Yu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ge Huang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hossam El Din H Abdelhafez
- Mammalian and Aquatic Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Lab, Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Xiaohui Yin
- College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiakai Qiao
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiangfeng Guo
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
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Qi Z, Xu Y, Wang X, Wang S, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Gao Q. TLR13, TLR22, TRAF6, and TAK1 in the soiny mullet (Liza haematocheila): Molecular characterization and expression profiling analysis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 112:103774. [PMID: 32634525 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their associated signaling pathways play pivotal roles in the immune response to invading pathogens. Here, TLR13, TLR22, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), and transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase1 (TAK1) were characterized in the soiny mullet (Liza haematocheila), representative mugilid species that is widely cultured in Asia. The four mullet genes, which shared characteristic features with their counterparts in other teleosts, were ubiquitously expressed in all of the examined tissues, albeit with different expression patterns. Following Streptococcus dysgalactiae infection, the four genes were upregulated to different degrees in various mullet tissues. These results indicated that the four genes were involved in the mullet immune response to bacterial infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first characterization of these four genes in mullet. Our results provide a basis for future studies of TLR signaling pathways in mullet, as well as for similar studies in other mugilids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224051, China.
| | - Yang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224051, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224051, China
| | - Sisi Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212003, China
| | - Qihuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224051, China
| | - Zisheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224051, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Li H, Fu Q, Wang S, Chen R, Jiang X, Zhu P, He J, Li C. TNF-Receptor-Associated Factor 3 in Litopenaeus vannamei Restricts White Spot Syndrome Virus Infection Through the IRF-Vago Antiviral Pathway. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2110. [PMID: 33042123 PMCID: PMC7518466 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factors (TRAFs) are vital signaling adaptor proteins for the innate immune response and are involved in many important pathways, such as the NF-κB- and interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-activated signaling pathways. In this study, the TRAF3 ortholog from the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (LvTRAF3) was cloned and characterized. LvTRAF3 has a transcript of 3,865 bp, with an open reading frame (ORF) of 1,002 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 333 amino acids, including a conserved TRAF-C domain. The expression of LvTRAF3 in the intestine and hemocyte was up-regulated in response to poly (I:C) challenge and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. RNAi knockdown of LvTRAF3 in vivo significantly increased WSSV gene transcription, viral loads, and mortality in WSSV-infected shrimp. Next, we found that LvTRAF3 was not able to induce the activation of the NF-κB pathway, which was crucial for synthesis of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which mediate antiviral immunity. Specifically, in dual-luciferase reporter assays, LvTRAF3 could not activate several types of promoters with NF-κB binding sites, including those from WSSV genes (wsv069, wsv056, and wsv403), Drosophila AMPs or shrimp AMPs. Accordingly, the mRNA levels of shrimp AMPs did not significantly change when TRAF3 was knocked down during WSSV infection. Instead, we found that LvTRAF3 signaled through the IRF-Vago antiviral cascade. LvTRAF3 functioned upstream of LvIRF to regulate the expression of LvVago4 and LvVago5 during WSSV infection in vivo. Taken together, these data provide experimental evidence of the participation of LvTRAF3 in the host defense to WSSV through the activation of the IRF-Vago pathway but not the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Li
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qihui Fu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Xiewu Jiang
- Guangdong Hisenor Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gluf University, Qinzhou, China
| | - Jianguo He
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaozheng Li
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Wei J, Li C, Ou J, Zhang X, Liu Z, Qin Q. The roles of grouper TANK in innate immune defense against iridovirus and nodavirus infections. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 104:506-516. [PMID: 32585359 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The TRAF family member-associated nuclear factor (NF)-κB activator (TANK) was first identified as a TRAF-binding protein with both stimulatory and inhibitory properties in host innate immune activation. To elucidate the roles of TANK in teleosts, we cloned and characterized the TANK homologue of orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). The open reading frame (ORF) of EcTANK consists of 1026 nucleotides encoding a 342 amino acid protein with a predicted molecular mass of 38.24 kDa. EcTANK shares 89.47% and 88.89% identity with Larimichthys crocea TANK and Lates calcarifer TANK, respectively. EcTANK was distributed in all 11 examined tissues. The expression of EcTANK in the spleen increased after infection with Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) and red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV). EcTANK was mainly located in the cytoplasm of grouper spleen cells. EcTANK enhanced SGIV and RGNNV replication during viral infection in vitro. Overexpression EcTANK decreased the expression levels of interferon-associated cytokines and pro-inflammatory factors, and enhanced activation of NF-κB. Taken together, these results suggest that EcTANK may play an important role in antiviral innate immune activation in grouper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingguang Wei
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China.
| | - Chen Li
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Jisheng Ou
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Zetian Liu
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266000, PR China.
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11
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He L, Zhao Y, Tang L, Yu X, Ye Z, Lin H, Zhang Y, Li S, Lu D. Molecular characterization and functional analysis of IKKα in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 101:159-167. [PMID: 32194248 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha (IKKα) plays crucial roles in regulating activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) in response to pathogens infections. Here, we cloned and identified IKKα gene of orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides), named as EcIKKα. The gene transcript contained a 2262 bp open reading frame, which encoded 753 amino acids. The typically conserved IKKα structure, including serine kinase domain (KD), leucine chain (LZ) structure, helix-loop-helix (HLH) motif and IKKβ-NEMO-binding domain, was identified in EcIKKα. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that EcIKKα had the closest relationship with large yellow croaker (Larimichthy crocea) IKKα. Ecikkα was ubiquitously expressed in all tissues tested and the highest expression level was in ovary. After lipopolysaccharide (LPS), flagellin, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid (poly A:U), and Vibrio parahaemolyticus stimulation, the expression of Ecikkα increased in grouper spleen (GS) cells. In the luciferase assay, NF-κB-luc activity was significantly up-regulated when human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK 293T) cells were transfected with EcIKKα plasmid. Moreover, overexpression of EcIKKα significantly increased LPS- and flagellin-induced proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 (il-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf-α)) expression, but did not significantly affect poly I:C- and poly A:U-induced cytokines (il-6 and tnf-α) expression. Overall, these results suggested that EcIKKα functions like that of mammals to activate NF-κB, and it could be involved in host defense against invading pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangge He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Yulin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Lin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Xue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Zhifeng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Haoran Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266373, PR China; College of Ocean, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266373, PR China
| | - Shuisheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.
| | - Danqi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.
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12
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Han R, Wang JL, Chen HP, Luo XC, Li AX, Dan XM, Li YW. IκB kinase α-1 and -2 regulate cytokine expression in the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 101:291-301. [PMID: 32276035 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
IκB kinase (IKK) is the core regulator of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, which is involved in cellular development and proliferation, as well as the inflammatory response. IKKα is an important subunit of the IKK complex. In this study, two IKKαs (EcIKKα-1 and -2) were characterized in E. coioides. Similar to IKKα of other species, EcIKKα-1 and -2 contained a kinase domain, a leucine zipper, a helix-loop-helix domain and a beta NF-κB essential modulator-binding domain. Sequence alignment indicated that EcIKKα-1 and -2 shared high degrees of sequence identity with IKKs from other species (about 63%-96%). EcIKKα-1 and -2 are widely expressed in all tissues, but have different expression profiles in normal groupers. Additionally, EcIKKα-1 and -2 responded rapidly to Cryptocaryon irritans infection at the local infection site (i.e., gill tissue), but there was no significant change in EcIKKα-2 expression. In GS cells, EcIKKα-1 was uniformly distributed in the cytoplasm, while EcIKKα-2 was observed uniformly both in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Both EcIKKα-1 and -2 were found to activate NF-κB, but the luciferase activity of EcIKKα-2 was twice that of EcIKKα-1. In addition, EcIKKα-1 and -2 can regulate the expression of immune-related cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 [p35 subunit], and TNF-α). These findings should prove helpful to further elucidate the innate immunity function of IKKα in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Han
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiu-Le Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hong-Ping Chen
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Luo
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - An-Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/Guangdong Provincial Key Lab for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xue-Ming Dan
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Yan-Wei Li
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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13
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Liu T, Wu Y, Han Y, Liu Q, Chen S, Zhao H. Genome-wide characterization of TNF receptor-associated factors in the Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis and their expression profiling in response to Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 101:88-98. [PMID: 32229294 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factors (TRAFs) are a family of crucial signaling molecules that mediate the signal transduction of various immune signaling pathways. Extensive studies have demonstrated that TRAFs play vital roles in regulating cellular immune responses. However, the biological functions and expression profiling of TRAFs in Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) remain unclear. In this study, the genes of the PsTRAF family at the genome-wide level were identified in P. sinensis, revealing six PsTRAF members that contained the conserved TRAF domain in the C-terminal regions. Molecular evolutionary analysis showed that PsTRAFs shared close evolutionary relationships and similar protein crystal structures with the TRAF homologs from other turtles, indicating the evolutionary conservation of PsTRAFs. Further expression analysis revealed the tissue-specific expression of PsTRAF genes. Obvious variations in the expression of PsTRAF genes were observed in the spleen in response to Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Three PsTRAF genes, PsTRAF2, PsTRAF3, and PsTRAF6, were significantly upregulated at the mRNA and protein levels post-infection, indicating their potential function in the immune response. Moreover, the protein-protein associations of PsTRAFs with several signaling receptors were predicted in P. sinensis. These results provide a basis for the investigation of the functional roles of PsTRAFs in immune defense against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China.
| | - Yongjie Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China.
| | - Yawen Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China.
| | - Qingyang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China.
| | - Shulin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China.
| | - Huiying Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China.
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14
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Guo Y, Xu Y, Xiong D, Zhou Y, Kang X, Meng C, Gu D, Jiao X, Pan Z. Molecular characterisation, expression and functional feature of TRAF6 in the King pigeon ( Columba livia). Innate Immun 2020; 26:490-504. [PMID: 32393097 PMCID: PMC7491236 DOI: 10.1177/1753425920920930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is a signal transducer, which plays a pivotal role in triggering a variety of signalling cascades. Here, we cloned and identified the TRAF6 gene from the King pigeon. The open reading frame sequence of pigeon TRAF6 (piTRAF6) is 1638 bp long and encodes a 545 aa protein, including a low-complexity domain, RING finger, Zinc finger, coiled coil domain, and meprin and TRAF homology domain. The aa sequence of piTRAF6 shared a strong identity with that of other birds. PiTRAF6 transcripts were broadly expressed in all the tested tissues; piTRAF6 levels were the highest and lowest in the heart and stomach, respectively. Overexpression of piTRAF6 activated NF-κB in a dose-dependent manner and induced IFN-β expression. Upon piTRAF6 knockdown by small interfering RNAs, NF-κB activation was markedly inhibited in HEK293T cells. The expression of piTRAF6, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines and antiviral molecules, were obviously increased after TLR ligand stimulation and Newcastle disease virus or Salmonella Pullorum inoculation. These results suggest that piTRAF6 may play a key immunoregulatory role in the innate immune response against viral and bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Guo
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, PR China
| | - Ying Xu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, PR China
| | - Dan Xiong
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, PR China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, PR China
| | - Xilong Kang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, PR China
| | - Chuang Meng
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, PR China
| | - Dan Gu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, PR China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, PR China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, PR China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, PR China
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15
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Li KM, Li M, Wang N, Chen YD, Xu XW, Xu WT, Wang L, Chen SL. Genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of the TRAF gene family in Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 96:13-25. [PMID: 31760167 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) play crucial roles as signaling mediators for the TNF receptor (TNFR) superfamily and the interleukin-1 receptor/Toll-like receptor (IL-1R/TLR) superfamily. TRAFs collectively play important roles in multiple biological processes and organismal immunity. However, systematic identification of the TRAF gene family in teleost fish has not yet been reported, and there is little available information about its roles in innate immunity in Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis), an aquaculture fish of high economic value. In the present study, we identified and characterized seven TRAF genes, namely, CsTRAF2a, CsTRAF2b, CsTRAF3, CsTRAF4, CsTRAF5, CsTRAF6 and CsTRAF7, in Chinese tongue sole, and the complete ORFs of the CsTRAFs were cloned. Sequence analysis revealed various genomic structures of the CsTRAFs and showed that they contain typical conserved domains compared with mammalian TRAFs. Phylogenetic analysis indicated the evolutionary relationships of TRAF family members in teleost fish and revealed an absence of TRAF1 in most species and TRAF5 in some species of teleosts. Analysis of the gene structures and motifs showed the diversity and distribution of exon-intron structures and conserved motifs in Chinese tongue sole and several other teleost species. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to investigate the expression patterns of CsTRAF genes in tissues of healthy fish and in the gills, livers and spleens of fish after bacterial infection with Vibrio harveyi. The results indicate that only CsTRAF2a is relatively highly expressed in the brain and that the other CsTRAFs are highly expressed in immune-related tissues and may participate in the immune response after infection with pathogenic bacteria. Functional analysis of CsTRAF3, CsTRAF4 and CsTRAF6 revealed that only CsTRAF6 could strongly activate the NF-кB pathway after overexpression of CsTRAF3, CsTRAF4 and CsTRAF6 in HEK-293T cells. This systematic analysis provided valuable information about the diverse roles of TRAFs in the innate immune response to pathogenic bacterial infection in teleost fish and will contribute to the functional characterization of CsTRAF genes in further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Ming Li
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; College of Fisheries and Life, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Li
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; College of Fisheries and Life, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Ya-Dong Chen
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xi-Wen Xu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Wen-Teng Xu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Song-Lin Chen
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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16
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Guo Y, Xu Y, Kang X, Meng C, Gu D, Zhou Y, Xiong D, Geng S, Jiao X, Pan Z. Molecular cloning and functional analysis of TRAF6 from Yangzhou great white goose Anser anser. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 101:103435. [PMID: 31288047 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is an adaptor protein and an E3 ubiquitin ligase mediating multiple cell signaling pathway activation in a context-dependent manner. TRAF6 plays critical roles in innate immune response and regulates function of antigen-presenting cells. Here, we cloned the goose TRAF6 (goTRAF6) gene from a healthy Yangzhou great white goose (Anser anser), which had a typical TRAF structure and shared a high-sequence identity with TRAF6 of other birds. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that goTRAF6 mRNA was broadly expressed in all the studied tissues, with highest expression in the heart and pectoral muscle. Overexpression of goTRAF6 caused NF-κB activation in a dose-dependent manner and substantially upregulated IFN-β expression in HEK293T cells. Following Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligand stimulation of goose peripheral blood mononuclear cells, goTRAF6 and downstream inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels considerably up-regulated, especially at early stages. Salmonella Enteritidis challenge caused overexpression of goTRAF6 and cytokine mRNA in all the examined organs. These findings demonstrated that goTRAF6 played a substantial role in TLR-TRAF6 signaling cascade, and further contributed to the antibacterial-responses in host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Guo
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xilong Kang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuang Meng
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Gu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Xiong
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shizhong Geng
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China.
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Xia H, Li Y, Wang Z, Chen W, Cheng J, Yu D, Lu Y. Expression and functional analysis of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor 5 from Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:781-788. [PMID: 31326588 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a pivotal economic fish that has been plagued by Streptococcus infections. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 5 (TRAF5) is a crucial adaptor molecule, which can trigger downstream signaling cascades involved in immune pathway. In this study, Nile tilapia TRAF5 coding sequence (named OnTRAF5) was obtained, which contained typical functional domains, such as RING, zinc finger, coiled-coil and MATH domain. Different from other TRAF molecules, OnTRAF5 had shown relatively low identify with its homolog, and it was clustered into other teleost TRAF5 proteins. qRT-PCR was used to analysis the expression level of OnTRAF5 in gill, skin, muscle, head kidney, heart, intestine, thymus, liver, spleen and brain, In healthy Nile tilapia, the expression level of OnTRAF5 in intestine, gill and spleen were significantly higher than other tissues. While under Streptococcus agalactiae infection, the expression level of OnTRAF5 was improved significantly in all detected organs. Additionally, over-expression WT OnTRAF5 activated NF-κB, deletion of RING or zinc finger caused the activity impaired. In conclusion, OnTRAF5 participate in anti-bacteria immune response and is crucial for the signaling transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Xia
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 518120, China; Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Yuan Li
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 518120, China; Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518120, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 518120, China; Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Dapeng Yu
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 518120, China; Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Yishan Lu
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 518120, China; Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518120, China; College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
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18
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Zhang J, Zhu Y, Chen Z, Li C, Zhao X, Kong X. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of MyD88 and TRAF6 in Qihe crucian carp Carassius auratus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 87:829-838. [PMID: 30790663 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) are two critical signal transducers in toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway. In the present study, we identified and characterized the homologues of MyD88 and TRAF6 in Qihe crucian carp Carassius auratus, termed as CaMyD88 and CaTRAF6, respectively, and examined their roles during pathogenic infection. Full-length cDNA of CaMyD88 was 2463 bp, including a 191 bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR), a 1417 bp 3'-UTR, and an 855 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding for a putative protein with 284 amino acids. Full-length cDNA of CaTRAF6 was identified to be 2555 bp, consisting of a 52 bp 5'-UTR, an 871 bp 3'-UTR, and a 1632 bp ORF encoding a protein of 543 amino acids. Deduced amino acid sequences of CaMyD88 and CaTRAF6 contained the typical domains (CaMyD88: death domain and TIR domain; CaTRAF6: one RING-type zinc finger domain, two TRAF-type zinc finger domains, one coiled-coil region, and one conserved C-terminal meprin and TRAF homology domain) as in other fish. Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that both CaMyD88 and CaTRAF6 were ubiquitously expressed throughout the development stages and appeared to be developmentally regulated. In addition, CaMyD88 and CaTRAF6 had a broadly distribution of expression in all examined eleven tissues of healthy fish, although the transcript levels varied among the different tissues. Moreover, it was found that mRNA expressions of CaMyD88 and CaTRAF6 were generally up-regulated after stimulation by polyI:C, flagellin, and Aeromonas hydrophila in spite of the down-regulation appeared at some time points or tissues. These results indicated that CaMyD88 and CaTRAF6 play the critical roles in the immune defense of Qihe crucian carp against pathogenic invasion. The present findings will provide the valuable information for understanding the innate immune responses of Qihe crucian carp and contribute to develop the preventive way against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Yachen Zhu
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Chunjing Li
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Xianliang Zhao
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Xianghui Kong
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
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19
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Yang M, Han R, Ni LY, Luo XC, Li AX, Dan XM, Tsim KWK, Li YW. Molecular characteristics and function study of TNF receptor-associated factor 5 from grouper (Epinephelus coioides). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 87:730-736. [PMID: 30769079 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 5 (TRAF5) is a key adapter molecule that participates in numerous signaling pathways. The function of TRAF5 in fish is largely unknown. In the present study, a TRAF5 cDNA sequence (EcTRAF5) was identified in grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Similar to its mammalian counterpart, EcTRAF5 contained an N-terminal RING finger domain, a zinc finger domain, a C-terminal TRAF domain, including a coiled-coil domain and a MATH domain. The EcTRAF5 protein shared relatively low sequence identity with that of other species, but clustered with TRAF5 sequences from other fish. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that EcTRAF5 mRNA was broadly expressed in numerous tissues, with relatively high expression in skin, hindgut, and head kidney. Additionally, the expression of EcTRAF5 was up-regulated in gills and head kidney after infection with Cryptocaryon irritans. Intracellular localization analysis demonstrated that the full-length EcTRAF5 protein was uniformly distributed in the cytoplasm; while a deletion mutant of the coiled-coil domain of EcTRAF5 was observed uniformly distributed in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. After exogenous expression in HEK293T cells, TRAF5 significantly activated NF-κB. The deletion of the EcTRAF5 RING domain or of the zinc finger domain dramatically impaired its ability to activate NF-κB, implying that the RING domain and the zinc finger domain are required for EcTRAF5 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Yang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Rui Han
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lu-Yun Ni
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Luo
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - An-Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/Guangdong Provincial Key Lab for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Xue-Ming Dan
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Karl Wah-Keung Tsim
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan-Wei Li
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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20
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Jang JH, Kim H, Cho JH. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of TRAF6 and TAK1 in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:927-936. [PMID: 30391533 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
TRAF6 and TAK1 are known to play important roles in vertebrate innate immunity as molecular bridge, linking upstream toll-like receptors (TLRs) with the downstream MAPK and NF-κB signalling pathways. However, their roles in TLR signalling pathway have yet to be fully described in fish. Here we identified genes encoding TRAF6 (OmTRAF6) and TAK1 (OmTAK1) from rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and examined their roles during pathogenic infections. The deduced amino acid sequences of OmTRAF6 and OmTAK1 contained the characteristic domains conserved in the TRAF and TAK1 families, respectively (OmTRAF6: RING, two TRAF-type zinc fingers, CCR and MATH domains; OmTAK1: STKc and CCR domains). In RTH-149 cells, the expression of OmTRAF6 and OmTAK1 was increased by stimulation with Edwardsiella tarda and LPS. Silencing of OmTRAF6 and OmTAK1 in RTH-149 cells negatively regulated the LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK. TAK1 inhibitor (5z)-7-Oxozeaenol significantly decreased the LPS-induced activation of NF-κB in RTH-149 cells. In addition, silencing of OmTRAF6 and OmTAK1 significantly decreased the expression of MAPKs and NF-κB downstream target genes induced by LPS in RTH-149 cells. These findings suggest that OmTRAF6 and OmTAK1 might function like those of mammals to regulate bacteria-triggered signalling pathway in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hye Jang
- Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Cho
- Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea; Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea.
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21
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Kang L, Wang L, Wu C, Jiang L. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors 3 and 6 in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 82:27-31. [PMID: 30075247 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) has a well-developed innate immune system. To gain a better understanding of the defense mechanisms involved in this system, we studied tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs), which play important roles in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway. We characterized the full-length open reading frames and protein structures of TRAF3 and TRAF6 to determine their identities, and conducted phylogenetic analysis to determine their evolutionary relationships. To assess the roles of TRAFs in innate immune responses in the large yellow croaker, we performed quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) to characterize expression profiles in a range of tissues at different stages after challenge with polyinosinic polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) and Vibrio anguillarum. Following poly I:C challenge, the expression levels of TRAF3 and TRAF6 were highest in the kidneys and lowest in the spleen, whereas after infection with V. anguillarum, TRAF6 expression was the highest in the kidneys and lowest in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisen Kang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1 Haida South Road, Dinghai District, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, 316022, China
| | - Luping Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1 Haida South Road, Dinghai District, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, 316022, China
| | - Changwen Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1 Haida South Road, Dinghai District, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, 316022, China
| | - Lihua Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1 Haida South Road, Dinghai District, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, 316022, China.
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22
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Qi P, He Y, Liao Z, Dong W, Xia H. Molecular cloning and functional analysis of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) in thick shell mussel, Mytilus coruscus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:631-640. [PMID: 29859313 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is one of the key adapter molecules in Toll-like receptor signal transduction that triggers downstream cascades involved in innate immunity. Despite of the well study in vertebrates, there is few data ascribe to this TRAF member in invertebrates, especially in bivalves. In the present study, a novel TRAF6 homologue termed McTRAF6 was firstly characterized in Mytilus coruscus. Like its counterparts in mammals, McTRAF6 shared the domain topology containing one RING domain, two zinc finger domains, one coiled-coil region and a MATH domain. McTRAF6 transcripts predominantly expressed in gills, digestive glands and hemocytes in M. coruscus, and were significantly up-regulated in hemocytes after challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C). Further, the subcellular localization in cytoplasm and the activation of Nk-κB or ISRE luciferase reporter by overexpressed McTRAF6 were identified in HEK293T cells. These results collectively indicate that McTRAF6 is a member of TRAF6 subfamily and plays a potential role in immune defense system against pathogenic agents invasions in thick shell mussel. To our knowledge, this is the first report on component of TLR signaling pathway in thick shell mussel, providing further evidence for the existence of TLR pathway in M. coruscus and contribute to clarify the innate immune system of thick shell mussel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhi Qi
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China.
| | - Yuehua He
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Zhi Liao
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Wenqiang Dong
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Hu Xia
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Hunan Changde, 415000, China
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Immunity, feed, and husbandry in fish health management of cultured Epinephelus fuscoguttatus with reference to Epinephelus coioides. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Qu F, Xiang Z, Zhou Y, Qin Y, Yu Z. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 from Anodonta woodiana is an important factor in bivalve immune response to pathogen infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 71:151-159. [PMID: 29017949 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) is a multifunctional adaptor protein in innate and acquired immune system that plays a key role in the regulation of the RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway in mammals. However, the immune function of TRAF3 homologs in freshwater mollusks is not well understood. In this study, we identified a bivalve TRAF3 gene (AwTRAF3) from Anodonta woodiana and investigated its potential roles during immune challenges. The present AwTRAF3 encoded a polypeptide of 562 amino acids with predicted molecular mass of 64.5 kDa and PI of 7.9. Similar to other reported TRAF3s, AwTRAF3 contained a RING finger domain, two TRAF domains with zinc finger domains, a coiled coli region and a conserved C-terminal meprin and TRAF homology (MATH) domain. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that AwTRAF3 mRNA was broadly expressed in all of the examined tissues, with high expression in hepatopancreas, gill and heart. In addition, immune challenge experiments directly showed that transcript levels of AwTRAF3 in hepatopancreas were significantly regulated upon bacterial (Vibrio alginolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus) and viral (poly (I:C)) challenges, respectively. Moreover, GFP-tagged AwTRAF3 fusion protein was found to be located primarily in the cytoplasm in HEK293T cells. Altogether, these data provided the first experimental demonstration that freshwater mollusks possess a functional TRAF3 that was involved in the innate defense against bacterial and viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fufa Qu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China.
| | - Zhiming Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yingli Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yanping Qin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Ziniu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
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25
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Yin F, Qian D. Transcriptomic analysis reveals the key immune-related signalling pathways of Sebastiscus marmoratus in response to infection with the parasitic ciliate Cryptocaryon irritans. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:576. [PMID: 29157267 PMCID: PMC5697091 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2508-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background False kelpfish (Sebastiscus marmoratus) is one of the target species in artificial breeding in China, and is susceptible to infection by Cryptocaryon irritans, which is an obligate parasitic ciliate that lives in the epithelium of the fish gills, skin and fins. Here, we sought to understand the mechanisms of molecular immunity of S. marmoratus against C. irritans infection. Methods We carried out an extensive analysis of the transcriptome of S. marmoratus immune-related tissues. A paired-end library was constructed from the cDNA synthesized using a Genomic Sample Prep Kit. Five normalized cDNA libraries were constructed using RNA from the control group and the four groups of C. irritans-infected fish. The libraries were sequenced on an Illumina Mi-Seq platform, and functional annotation of the transcriptome was performed using bioinformatics software. Results The data produced a total of 149,983,397 clean reads from five cDNA libraries constructed from S. marmoratus immune-related tissues. A total of 33,291 unigenes were assembled with an average length of 1768 bp. In eggNOG (Evolutionary Genealogy of Genes: non-supervised orthologous groups) categories, 333 unigenes (0.94%) were assigned to defense mechanisms. In the immune system process sub-categories of gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, with the passage of time post-infection, the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was reduced from 24 h to 48 h but then increased from 72 h to 96 h. Specifically, the immune-related differentially expressed genes (IRDEGs), which belong to the KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) pathways, such as the complement and coagulation cascades, chemokine signalling pathways and toll-like receptor signalling pathways were mainly observed at 24 h post-infection. Conclusions Infection with C. irritans resulted in a large number of DEGs in the immune-related tissues of S. marmoratus. The rapid and significant response of the S. marmoratus immune signalling pathways following C. irritans infection may be associated with their involvement in the immune process. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-017-2508-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Dong Qian
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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26
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Ni LY, Zhou L, Wang HQ, Luo XC, Dan XM, Li YW. Identification and expression analysis of three XCR1-like receptors from Epinephelus coioides after Cryptocaryon irritans infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:95-102. [PMID: 28587832 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The unique receptor XCR1 of the XC subfamily of chemokines is specially expressed in CD8α-like dendritic cells. This receptor has one ligand in mice (XCL1) and two ligands in humans (XCL1 and XCL2). In mammals, the XCR1-XCL1 complex performs a vital role in regulating the localization and function of T cells, dendritic cells, and other cell types. In this study, three XCR1-like receptors (EcXCR1, EcXCR1L, and EcCCR12) were identified from a transcriptome database of orange-spotted grouper. The open reading frames (ORFs) of EcXCR1, EcXCR1L, and EcCCR12 predictably encode 337, 348, and 358 amino acids, respectively. All receptors are seven trans-membrane proteins, and contain conserved functional regions, and conserved sites, that are crucial for the role of chemokine receptors in mammals. Conserved features include four cysteine residues in the extracellular regions, a "DRY" motif in the second intracellular loop, and common characteristics at the N-terminus that are important for ligand interaction. In healthy grouper, EcXCR1, EcXCR1L, and EcCCR12 were broadly expressed in all the tissues tested. EcXCR1 was expressed at high levels in the liver, and EcXCR1L, and EcCCR12 in the thymus. After grouper infection with Cryptocaryon irritans, EcXCR1 and EcCCR12 were up-regulated in the skin and the spleen, and EcCCR12 in the skin, gill, and spleen. EcXCR1L expression changed only slightly. These results imply that EcXCR1 and EcCCR12 may be involved in host defense against parasite infection. A polyclonal antibody was produced against EcCCR12, and used to detect EcCCR12-positive cells in peripheral blood. These results will contribute considerably to elucidate the biological role of piscine XCR1-like receptors and their ligands system in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yun Ni
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Ling Zhou
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Hai-Qing Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Xiao-Chun Luo
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xue-Ming Dan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Yan-Wei Li
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China.
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Jiang S, Xiao J, Li J, Chen H, Wang C, Feng C, Feng H. Characterization of the black carp TRAF6 signaling molecule in innate immune defense. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:147-158. [PMID: 28602679 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) plays a vital role in the innate immune response of higher vertebrates. To elucidate its function in teleost fish, TRAF6 homologue of black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) has been cloned and characterized in this study. Black carp TRAF6 (bcTRAF6) transcription in Mylopharyngodon piceus fin (MPF) cells was up-regulated in response to both poly (I:C) treatment and viral infection, but was suppressed by LPS stimulation. bcTRAF6 migrated around 72 KDa in immunoblot analysis and was identified as a cytosolic protein suggested to be associated with vesicles scattering in the cytoplasm. Reporter assay demonstrated that NF-κB instead of IFN was activated by bcTRAF6; and EPC cells expressing bcTRAF6 presented the same cytopathic effect (CPE) ratio to that of control cells. When co-expressed with bcMAVS, bcTRAF6 was redistributed and overlapped with the subcellular location of bcMAVS. It was interesting that bcMAVS mediated the IFN induction was up-regulated by low input of bcTRAF6 but down-regulated by high input of bcTRAF6. Taken together, the data generated in this paper supported the conclusion that bcTRAF6 associated with bcMAVS and was recruited into bcMAVS mediated signaling during host innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Jiang
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Chanyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Chaoliang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
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Sun WW, Zhang XX, Wan WS, Wang SQ, Wen XB, Zheng HP, Zhang YL, Li SK. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) participates in anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) gene expression in mud crab. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:361-376. [PMID: 27581742 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is a key cytoplasm signal adaptor that mediates signals activated by tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily and the Interleukin-1 receptor/Toll-like receptor (IL-1/TLR) superfamily. The full-length 2492 bp TRAF6 (Sp-TRAF6) from Scylla paramamosain contains 1800 bp of open reading frame (ORF) encoding 598 amino acids, including an N-terminal RING-type zinc finger, two TRAF-type zinc fingers and a conserved C-terminal meprin and TRAF homology (MATH) domain. Multiple alignment analysis shows that the putative amino acid sequence of Sp-TRAf6 has highest identity of 88% with Pt-TRAF6 from Portunus trituberculatus, while the similarity of Sp-TRAF6 with other crustacean sequences was 54-55%. RT-PCR analysis indicated that Sp-TRAF6 transcripts were predominantly expressed in the hepatopancreas and stomach, whereas it was barely detected in the heart and hemocytes in our study. Moreover, Sp-TRAF6 transcripts were significantly up-regulated after Vibrio parahemolyticus and LPS challenges. RNA interference assay was carried out used by siRNA to investigate the genes expression patterns regulated by Sp-TRAF6. The qRT-PCR results showed that silencing Sp-TRAF6 gene could inhibit SpALF1, SpALF2, SpALF5 and SpALF6 expression in hemocytes, while inhibit SpALF1, SpALF3, SpALF4, SpALF5 and SpALF6 expression in hepatopancreas. Taken together, the acute-phase response to immune challenges and the inhibition of SpALFs gene expression indicate that Sp-TRAF6 plays an important role in host defense against pathogen invasions via regulation of ALF gene expression in S. paramamosain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Wei Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Xin-Xu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Wei-Song Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Shu-Qi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Huai-Ping Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yue-Ling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Sheng-Kang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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Wei J, Zang S, Xu M, Zheng Q, Chen X, Qin Q. TRAF6 is a critical factor in fish immune response to virus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 60:6-12. [PMID: 27818344 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is one of the key adaptor molecule in Toll-like receptor signal transduction that triggers downstream cascades involved in innate immunity. In our previous study, the molecular characteristics of EtTRAF6 (TRAF6 from Epinephelus tauvina), the tissue distributions, expression patterns after challenging with bacterial and viral pathogens were investigated. Here we identified EtTRAF6 as an important regulator of virus-triggered signaling pathway. Overexpression of EtTRAF6-ORF and truncated forms of EtTRAF6, including EtTRAF6-C (delete the MATH domain), EtTRAF6-N (delete the RING domain) and EtTRAF6-MATH, inhibited IFN-β activity strongly in grouper spleen (GS) cells. Overexpression of EtTRAF6 repressed virus-induced production of type I IFNs. When EtTRAF6 cotransfected with EcIRF3 or EcIRF7, EtTRAF6 inhibited IRF-induced activation of IFN-β. Over-expressed EtTRAF6 inhibited the transcription of SGIV genes significantly in GS cells. Although TRAF6 has a role in apoptosis regulation, it is not known if EtTRAF6 has any role in apoptosis regulation. Strikingly, when over-expressed in fathead minnow (FHM) cells, EtTRAF6 protected them from cell death induced by SGIV. Therefore, these results suggest that TRAF6 may play a critical role in their response to SGIV infection, through regulation of a cell death pathway that is common to fish and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingguang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China
| | - Shaoqing Zang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China
| | - Meng Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Exploitation of Tropical Biotic Resources, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China
| | - Qiaojun Zheng
- College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Xiuli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China; College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266000, PR China.
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Comparative transcriptional profile of the fish parasite Cryptocaryon irritans. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:630. [PMID: 27923398 PMCID: PMC5142281 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1919-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryptocaryon irritans is an obligate ectoparasitic ciliate pathogen of marine fishes. It can infect most marine teleosts and cause heavy economic losses in aquaculture. There is currently no effective method of controlling this disease, and little information is available regarding the genes involved in its development and virulence. We aimed to investigate the distinct features of the three major life-cycle stages of C. irritans in terms of gene transcription level, and identify candidate vaccines/drug targets. We established a reference transcriptome of C. irritans by RNA-seq. METHODS Three cDNA libraries using total poly(A)+ mRNA isolated from trophonts, tomonts, and theronts was constructed and sequenced, respectively. Clean reads from the three stages were de novo assembled to generated unigene. Annotation of unigenes and transcriptomic comparison of three stages was performed. RESULTS Totals of 73.15, 62.23, and 109.57 million clean reads were generated from trophont, tomont, and theront libraries, respectively. After de novo assembly, 49,104 unigenes were obtained, including 9,253 unigenes with significant similarities to proteins from other ciliates. Transcriptomic comparisons revealed that 2,470 genes were differentially expressed among the three stages, including 2,011, 1,404, and 1,797 genes that were significantly differentially expressed in tomont/theront, tomont/trophont, and theront/trophont pairwise comparisons, respectively. Based on the results of hierarchical clustering, all differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were located in five major clusters. DEGs in clusters 1 and 2 were more highly expressed in tomonts than in other stages, DEGs in cluster 3 were dominant in the tomont and trophont stages, whereas clusters 4 and 5 included genes upregulated in the theront stage. In addition, Immobilization antigens (I-antigens) and proteases have long been considered major targets for vaccine development and potential drug targets in parasites, respectively. In the present study, nine putative I-antigens transcripts and 161 protease transcripts were found in the transcriptome of C. irritans. CONCLUSION It was concluded that DEGs enriched in tomonts were involved in cell division, to increase the number of theronts and ensure parasite continuity. DEGs enriched in theronts were associated with response to stimuli, whereas genes enriched in trophonts were related to nutrient accumulation and cell growth. In addition, the I-antigen and protease transcripts in our transcriptome could contribute to the development of vaccines or targeted drugs. Together, the results of the present study provide novel insights into the physiological processes of a marine parasitic ciliate.
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Li YW, Xu DD, Li X, Mo ZQ, Luo XC, Li AX, Dan XM. Identification and characterization of three TLR1 subfamily members from the orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 61:180-189. [PMID: 27037219 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which play important roles in host defense against pathogen infection, are the most intensively studied pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). In this study, we identified three novel TLR1 subfamily members, including TLR1 (EcTLR1b), TLR2 (EcTLR2b) and TLR14 (EcTLR14), from the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). EcTLR1b and EcTLR2b displayed low sequence identity with the previously reported grouper TLR1 (EcTLR1a) and TLR2 (EcTLR2a), respectively. The open reading frames (ORFs) of EcTLR1b, EcTLR2b and EcTLR14 contain 2484 bp, 2394 bp and 2640 bp, which encode the corresponding 827 amino acids (aa), 797 aa and 879 aa, respectively. All three TLRs have leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains (including an LRR-NT (except for EcTLR1b), several LRR motifs and an LRR-CT), a trans-membrane region and a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain. The TIR domains of the three TLRs exhibited conserved boxes, namely box1, box2 and box3, and their 3D models were similar to those of human TLR1 or TLR2. Sequence alignment demonstrated that the TIR domains of the three TLRs shared higher sequence identity with those of other species than the full-length receptors. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that EcTLR1s and EcTLR2s are characterized by their differing evolutionary status, whereas EcTLR14 was found to be in the same group as other piscine TLR14/18s. The three TLRs were ubiquitously expressed in seven tested tissues of healthy groupers, although their expression profiles were different. Post Cryptocaryon irritans infection, TLR1s expression was up-regulated in the gills. The expression of TLR2b was mainly increased in the spleen, but decreased in the gills, which was similar to the expression pattern of TLR2a post C. irritans infection. Unlike EcTLR1b and EcTLR2b, however, the grouper TLR14 transcript was substantially induced in both tissues post challenge. These findings may be helpful in understanding the innate immune mechanism of host anti-parasite infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Wei Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Dong-Dong Xu
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Ze-Quan Mo
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Xiao-Chun Luo
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - An-Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Xue-Ming Dan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China.
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Han F, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Liu L, Tsai HJ, Wang Z. The Rab5A gene of marine fish, large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea), and its response to the infection of Cryptocaryon irritans. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 54:364-373. [PMID: 27108380 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Rab GTPases, members of the Ras superfamily, encode monomeric G-proteins. Rab proteins regulate key steps in membrane traffic transport and endocytic pathway of host immune responses. Rab5A is involved in immune regulation, particularly in T cell migration and macrophage endocytosis in higher vertebrates. However, little is known of the molecular structure of Rab5A gene in marine teleost fish species and its expression profile during the parasite infection. In this study, the full-length cDNA sequence and genomic structure of Rab5A gene of the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) (LycRab5A), one of the most economical marine fishes, were identified and characterized. The LycRab5A protein, containing the ATPase/GTPase binding motifs and the effector molecules binding motifs, was highly homologous to that of other animals. The expression plasmid containing LycRab5A cDNA fused with GST was engineered and transformed into Escherichia coli to produce recombinant protein GST-LycRab5A, which was purified to prepare a polyclonal antibody specifically against LycRab5A. Subcellular localization revealed that LycRab5A expressed in the membrane and cytoplasm. Based on real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, we found that both mRNA and protein of LycRab5A were expressed in all tissues we examined; especially it was highly expressed in blood and gill. Interestingly, both mRNA and protein of LycRab5A were substantially up-regulated when parasitic ciliate protozoan (Cryptocaryon irritans) was infected. The expression of LycRab5A was reached to the maximal level at 24 h after infection. The line of evidence suggested that LycRab5A might play an important role in large yellow croaker defense against parasite infection. Moreover, on the basis of protein interaction, it was found that the LycRab5A interacted with myosin light chain (designated as LycMLC), a crucial protein in the process of phagocytosis. This discovery might contribute better understanding to the molecular events involved in fish immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Han
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Dongling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Lanping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Huai Jen Tsai
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
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Pang Q, Gao L, Hu W, An Y, Deng H, Zhang Y, Sun X, Zhu G, Liu B, Zhao B. De Novo Transcriptome Analysis Provides Insights into Immune Related Genes and the RIG-I-Like Receptor Signaling Pathway in the Freshwater Planarian (Dugesia japonica). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151597. [PMID: 26986572 PMCID: PMC4795655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica (D. japonica) possesses extraordinary ability to regenerate lost organs or body parts. Interestingly, in the process of regeneration, there is little wound infection, suggesting that D. japonica has a formidable innate immune system. The importance of immune system prompted us to search for immune-related genes and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathways. Results Transcriptome sequencing of D. japonica was performed on an IlluminaHiSeq2000 platform. A total of 27,180 transcripts were obtained by Trinity assembler. CEGMA analysis and mapping of all trimmed reads back to the assembly result showed that our transcriptome assembly covered most of the whole transcriptome. 23,888 out of 27,180 transcripts contained ORF (open reading fragment), and were highly similar to those in Schistosoma mansoni using BLASTX analysis. 8,079 transcripts (29.7%) and 8,668 (31.9%) were annotated by Blast2GO and KEGG respectively. A DYNLRB-like gene was cloned to verify its roles in the immune response. Finally, the expression patterns of 4 genes (RIG-I, TRAF3, TRAF6, P38) in the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway were detected, and the results showed they are very likely to be involved in planarian immune response. Conclusion RNA-Seq analysis based on the next-generation sequencing technology was an efficient approach to discover critical genes and to understand their corresponding biological functions. Through GO and KEGG analysis, several critical and conserved signaling pathways and genes related to RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway were identified. Four candidate genes were selected to identify their expression dynamics in the process of pathogen stimulation. These annotated transcripts of D. japonica provide a useful resource for subsequent investigation of other important pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxiang Pang
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Lili Gao
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Wenjing Hu
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Yang An
- Immolife-biotech Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Hongkuan Deng
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Yichao Zhang
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Xiaowen Sun
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Guangzhong Zhu
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Baohua Liu
- Anti-aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
- * E-mail: (BSZ); (BHL)
| | - Bosheng Zhao
- Laboratory of Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
- * E-mail: (BSZ); (BHL)
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Yin F, Gao Q, Tang B, Sun P, Han K, Huang W. Transcriptome and analysis on the complement and coagulation cascades pathway of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) to ciliate ectoparasite Cryptocaryon irritans infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 50:127-141. [PMID: 26804649 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) is one of the most valuable marine fish in southern China. Given to the rapid development of aquaculture industry, the L. crocea was subjected to ciliate ectoparasite Cryptocaryon irritans. It therefore is indispensable and urgent to understand the mechanism of L. crocea host defense against C. irritans infection. In the present study, the extensively analysis at the transcriptome level for Cryptocaryoniasis in L. crocea was carried out. These results showed that 15,826,911, 16,462,921, and 15,625,433 paired-end clean reads were obtained from three cDNA libraries (A: 0 theronts/fish, B: 12,000 theronts/fish, and C: 24,000 theronts/fish) of the L. crocea immune-related tissues by Illumina paired-end sequencing technology. Totally, 30,509 unique transcript fragments (unigenes) were assembled, with an average length of 1715 bp. In B/A, C/A, and C/B pairwise comparison, 972, 900, and 1126 genes showed differential expression respectively. Differently expressed immune-related genes (DEIGs) were scrutinized, in B/A pairwise comparison, 48 genes showed differential expression, including 26 up-regulated genes and 22 down-regulated genes in B; in C/A pairwise comparison, there were 39 DEIGs, including 7 up-regulated genes and 32 down-regulated genes in C; in C/B pairwise comparison, 40 genes showed differential expression, including 11 up-regulated genes and 29 down-regulated genes in C. There were 16 DEIGs enriched KEGG pathways, in which the complement and coagulation cascades pathway was the top most DEIGs enriched pathway (B:A = 42; C:A = 28; C:B = 42). The coagulation and fibrinolytic system was in a highly active state after infected by C. irritans with non-lethal concentration; the alternative complement pathway may play an important role in the early stages of C. irritans infection. These results demonstrated that low-concentration infection can significantly induce the immunological response in fishes, however, when fishes were in fatal conditions, the immunity was suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yin
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, PR China.
| | - Quanxin Gao
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, PR China
| | - Baojun Tang
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, PR China
| | - Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, PR China
| | - Kunhuang Han
- Ningde Fufa Fisheries Co., Ltd., Ningde, Fujian Province, 352000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Weiqing Huang
- Ningde Fufa Fisheries Co., Ltd., Ningde, Fujian Province, 352000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
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Wang J, Wang R, Wang S, Zhang M, Ma X, Liu P, Zhang M, Hu X, Zhang L, Wang S, Bao Z. Genome-wide identification and characterization of TRAF genes in the Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) and their distinct expression patterns in response to bacterial challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:545-555. [PMID: 26434715 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor associated factors (TRAFs) are the major signal transducers for the TNF receptor superfamily and the interleukin-1 receptor/Toll-like receptor (IL-1R/TLR) superfamily, which regulate a variety of cellular activities and innate immune responses. TRAF genes have been extensively studied in various species, including vertebrates and invertebrates. However, as one of the key component of NF-κB pathway, TRAF genes have not been systematically characterized in marine invertebrates. In this study, we identified and characterized five TRAF genes, PyTRAF2, PyTRAF3, PyTRAF4, PyTRAF6 and PyTRAF7, in the Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis). Phylogenetic and protein structural analyses were conducted to determine their identities and evolutionary relationships. In comparison with the TRAF genes from vertebrate species, the structural features were all relatively conserved in the PyTRAF genes. To gain insights into the roles of TRAF genes during scallop innate immune responses, quantitative real-time PCR was used to investigate the expression profiles in the different stages of scallop development, in the healthy adult tissues, and in the hemocytes after bacterial infection with Micrococcus luteus and Vibrio anguillarum. Based on the qRT-PCR analysis, the expression of most of the PyTRAFs was significantly induced in the acute phases (3-6 h) after infection with Gram-positive (M. luteus) and Gram-negative (V. anguillarum) bacteria, and many more dramatic changes in PyTRAFs expression were observed after V. anguillarum challenge. Notably, the strong response in the up-regulation of PyTRAF6 post-bacterial challenge was distinct from that previously reported in scallops and crabs but was similar to that of other shellfish, Echinodermata and even teleost fish. The high level expressions of PyTRAFs in the hemocytes and the gill, and their specific expression patterns after challenges provide insights into the versatile roles and responses of TRAFs in the innate immune system against Gram-negative bacterial pathogens in bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ruijia Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Shuyue Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Mengran Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Pingping Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Meiwei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shi Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
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Yin F, Gong H, Ke Q, Li A. Stress, antioxidant defence and mucosal immune responses of the large yellow croaker Pseudosciaena crocea challenged with Cryptocaryon irritans. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:344-351. [PMID: 26370540 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the effects of a Cryptocaryon irritans infection on the stress, antioxidant and mucosal immune response of the large yellow croaker Pseudosciaena crocea, this study utilized C. irritans at dose of 12,000 (group I); 24,000 (group II); and 36,000 (group III) theronts/fish to infect large yellow croaker weighing 100 ± 10 g. The food intake, survival and relative infection intensity (RII); levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and vitamin C (VC), activities of super oxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in liver; variation patterns of lysozyme (LZM), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), complement component 3 (C3) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels in the body surface mucus at different time points after infection were compared. These results showed that with the increase of the infection dose and the passage of time, the food intake and survival of the fish gradually decreased. The final survival of the control group (0 theronts/fish), group I, group II, and group III was 100, 100, 96.67 ± 5.77, and 48.33 ± 7.64. Group I, II, and III stopped feeding respectively on the third, third and second days after infection. RII increased significantly with increased infection dose. The RII of the control group, group I, group II, and group III was 0, 0.73 ± 0.06, 1.30 ± 0.26, and 1.84 ± 0.02. With the infection dose increased, ROS contents showed an overall upward trend; MDA contents of the group I, group II and group III did not show significant changes at any timepoint compared with the control group; Activities of SOD and CAT and the overall VC levels in the liver of P. crocea dropped; LZM activity showed an overall upward trend; AKP activity increased first then dropped at each timepoint with its highest level appearing at group II; Complement C3 and IgM levels in body surface mucus were significantly increased. In conclusion, P. crocea has a strong ability to resist oxidative stress caused by the infection of C. irritans. The body surface mucus of P. crocea contains high levels of immune factors, which presented a rapid and significant response to the infection of C. irritans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yin
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, PR China.
| | - Hui Gong
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350003, PR China
| | - Qiaozhen Ke
- Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker in Fujian Province, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Co., Ltd., Ningde, Fujian Province 352000, PR China
| | - Anxing Li
- Key Laboratory for Aquatic Products Safety of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, The School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510275, PR China.
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Zhou SM, Li M, Yang N, Liu S, Yuan XM, Tao Z, Wang GL. First description and expression analysis of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) from the swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 45:205-10. [PMID: 25882635 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is a cytoplasmic adapter protein that mediates signals induced by the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily and the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R). In the present study, the full-length cDNA of TRAF6 (Pt-TRAF6) was identified in a marine crab, Portunus trituberculatus. Pt-TRAF6 ORF is predicted to encode a 599-amino acid protein, including a RING type zinc finger, two TRAF-type zinc fingers, and a meprin and TRAF homology (MATH) domain. The overall amino acid sequence identity between Pt-TRAF6 and other TRAF6s ranged from 50.9 to 51.3% for shrimp and from 16.1 to 19.4% for insects. The Pt-TRAF6 gene contains six exons and five introns, which is different from the organization of the insect TRAF6 gene. Pt-TRAF6 transcripts were broadly expressed in all tissues tested, and their expression was higher in hemocytes, gills, the intestine, and heart than in muscle. Interestingly, the level of Pt-TRAF6 transcript differed between male and female crabs. After Vibrio alginolyticus or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, the Pt-TRAF6 transcript was down-regulated in hemocytes and up-regulated in gills. Moreover, Pt-TRAF6 expression was altered sooner in the LPS challenge group than in the V. alginolyticus challenge group. These results indicate that Pt-TRAF6 may respond to Gram-negative bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Shun Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xue-Mei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhen Tao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Guo-Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) MyD88 and TRAF6: characterisation, comparative homology modelling and expression. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:7077-97. [PMID: 25830478 PMCID: PMC4425005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16047077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MyD88 and TRAF6 play an essential role in the innate immune response in most animals. This study reports the full-length MaMyD88 and MaTRAF6 genes identified from the blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) transcriptome profile. MaMyD88 is 2501 base pairs (bp) long, encoding a putative protein of 284 amino acids (aa), including the N-terminal DEATH domain of 78 aa and the C-terminal TIR domain of 138 aa. MaTRAF6 is 2252 bp long, encoding a putative protein of 542 aa, including the N-terminal low-complexity region, RING domain (40 aa), a coiled-coil region (64 aa) and C-terminal MATH domain (147 aa). Coding regions of MaMyD88 and MaTRAF6 genomic sequences consisted of five and six exons, respectively. Physicochemical and functional characteristics of the proteins were analysed. Alpha helices were dominant in the secondary structure of the proteins. Homology models of the MaMyD88 and MaTRAF6 domains were constructed applying the comparative modelling method. RT-qPCR was used to analyse the expression of MaMyD88 and MaTRAF6 mRNA transcripts in response to Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. Both genes were highly upregulated in the liver, spleen and kidney during the first 24 h after the challenge. While MyD88 and TRAF6 have been reported in various aquatic species, this is the first report and characterisation of these genes in blunt snout bream. This research also provides evidence of the important roles of these two genes in the blunt snout bream innate immune system.
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Zhai Y, Luo F, Chen Y, Zhou S, Li Z, Liu M, Bi D, Jin H. Molecular characterization and functional analysis of duck TRAF6. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 49:1-6. [PMID: 25445905 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) plays a pivotal role in activating various signaling cascades as an intracellular signal transducer. Although significant progress has been made clarifying TRAF6 function in mammals, the role of TRAF6 in ducks (duTRAF6) remains poorly understood. In the present study, we cloned the full-length duTRAF6 cDNA from duck embryo fibroblasts (DEFs) for the first time. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays showed that duTRAF6 was widely expressed in different tissues. Overexpression of duTRAF6 activated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and induced interferon-β expression. Furthermore, a deletion mutant analysis revealed that the duTRAF6 region between aa 115 and 375 was essential for activating NF-κB. In addition, duTRAF6 knockdown by RNA interference significantly reduced poly(I:C)- and Sendai virus-induced NF-κB activation in DEFs. Taken together, our results demonstrate that duTRAF6 plays a crucial immunoregulatory role in the duck innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yushan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zili Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dingren Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Li YW, Li X, Wang Z, Mo ZQ, Dan XM, Luo XC, Li AX. Orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides Tak1: molecular identification, expression analysis and functional study. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2015; 86:417-430. [PMID: 25677752 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the complementary (c)DNA sequence encoding orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides Tak1 (ectak1) was cloned, which has an open reading frame of 1728 bp that encodes 575 amino acids (aa). Sequence analysis indicated that Ectak1 contains two characteristic conserved domains, i.e. an N-terminal serine-threonine protein kinase catalytic domain (27-275 aa) and a C-terminal coiled-coil region (499-562 aa). Ectak1 shares high sequence identity with Tak1 from other fish species, especially those of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (96%) and zebra mbuna Maylandia zebra (96%). ectak1 transcripts were expressed broadly in all of the tissues tested, but ectak1 expression was reduced mainly in the local infection sites (skin and gill) after infection with Cryptocaryon irritans. Intracellular localization analysis showed that Ectak1 was distributed mainly in the cytoplasm. A luciferase reporter assay showed that Ectak1 significantly impaired the NF-κB activity induced by E. coioides Myd88 and Traf6. Overall, these results suggest that Ectak1 functions to reduce the activity of NF-κB induced by toll-like receptor (TLR) signal molecules in HEK-293T cells, and it might have an important role in host defences against parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, The School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang West Street, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - X Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, The School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang West Street, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Z Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, The School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang West Street, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Z Q Mo
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - X M Dan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - X C Luo
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - A X Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, The School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang West Street, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, The People's Republic of China
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Umasuthan N, Bathige SDNK, Revathy KS, Nam BH, Choi CY, Lee J. Molecular genomic- and transcriptional-aspects of a teleost TRAF6 homolog: Possible involvement in immune responses of Oplegnathus fasciatus against pathogens. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 42:66-78. [PMID: 25449707 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is a crucial docking molecule for TNFR superfamily and Interleukin-1 receptor/Toll-like receptor (IL-1R/TLR) superfamily. As an adaptor protein in pathogen-induced signaling cascades, TRAF6 modulates both adaptive- and innate-immunity. In order to understand the immune responses of teleost TRAF6, Oplegnathus fasciatus TRAF6-like gene (OfTRAF6) was identified and characterized. Genomic length of OfTRAF6 (4 kb), obtained by means of a genomic BAC library, spanned seven exons which represented a putative coding sequence of 1716 bp and encoded 571 amino acids (aa) with an estimated molecular weight of 64 kDa. This putative protein demonstrated the classical tetra-domain architecture composed of a zinc finger RING-type profile, two zinc finger TRAF-type profiles, a coiled-coil region and a MATH domain. While the sequence similarity with human TRAF6 was 66.5%, OfTRAF6 shared a higher overall similarity with teleost homologs (∼75-92%). Phylogeny of TRAF-family was examined and TRAF6-subfamily appeared to be the precursor of other subfamilies. In addition, the clustering pattern confirmed that OfTRAF6 is a novel member of TRAF6subfamily. Based on comparative genomic analysis, we found that vertebrate TRAF6 exhibits two distinct structures in teleost and tetrapod lineages. An intron-loss event has probably occurred in TRAF6 gene during the evolution of tetrapods from teleosts. Inspection of putative OfTRAF6 promoter revealed the presence of several immune responsive transcription factor binding sites. Real-time qPCR assay detected OfTRAF6 transcripts in eleven juvenile fish tissues with higher levels in peripheral blood cells followed by liver. Putative role of OfTRAF6 in response to flagellin, LPS, poly I:C, pathogenic bacteria (Edwardsiella tarda and Streptococcus iniae) and rock bream iridovirus (RBIV) was profiled in different tissues and OfTRAF6 revealed up-regulated transcript levels. Altogether, these findings implicate that OfTRAF6 is not only involved in flagellin-induced signaling cascade, but also contributes to the antibacterial- and antiviral-responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - S D N K Bathige
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Kasthuri Saranya Revathy
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hye Nam
- Biotechnology Research Division, Fisheries Research and Development Institute, 408-1, Sirang-ri, Gijang-up, Gigang-gun, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Young Choi
- Division of Marine Environment and Bioscience, Korea Maritime University, Busan 606-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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Yang X, Wei H, Qin L, Zhang S, Wang X, Zhang A, Du L, Zhou H. Reciprocal interaction between fish TGF-β1 and IL-1β is responsible for restraining IL-1β signaling activity in grass carp head kidney leukocytes. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 47:197-204. [PMID: 25092146 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we found that recombinant grass carp IL-1β (rgcIL-1β) simultaneously up-regulated grass carp IL-1β (gcIL-1β) and TGF-β1 (gcTGF-β1) expression via NF-κB and MAPK signaling in grass carp head kidney leukocytes (HKLs), promoting us to clarify whether TGF-β1 is an effective antagonist in IL-1β expression and activity. Our results showed that a stimulation of gcIL-1β on its own expression was noted within 6 h, but gcTGF-β1 neutralizing antibody prolonged gcIL-1β autostimulation up to 12 h, indicating a possible inhibitory role of gcTGF-β1 in regulating gcIL-1β effect. This notion was reinforced by the fact that recombinant grass carp TGF-β1 (rgcTGF-β1) could impede rgcIL-1β-induced gcIL-1β gene expression and secretion in a reciprocal manner. Further studies revealed that rgcTGF-β1 was able to attenuate rgcIL-1β-induced mRNA expression of its own receptor signaling molecules and the activation of NF-κB. By contrast, rgcIL-1β significantly amplified rgcTGF-β1-mediated gcTGF-β1 type I receptor (ALK5) expression and Smad2 phosphorylation in the same cell model. Taken together, these data shed light on an intrinsic mechanism for controlling inflammatory response by the reciprocal interaction between TGF-β1 and IL-1β in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - He Wei
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Qin
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Anying Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Linyong Du
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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Zhang DL, Han F, Yu DH, Xiao SJ, Li MY, Chen J, Wang ZY. Characterization of E3 ubiquitin ligase neuregulin receptor degradation protein-1 (Nrdp1) in the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) and its immune responses to Cryptocaryon irritans. Gene 2014; 556:98-105. [PMID: 25447921 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuregulin receptor degradation protein-1 (Nrdp1) was recently identified in humans as an important immune factor responding to the challenge of virus, LPS or cytokine. Its role in fish immune defense and whether it is involved in anti-parasite immunity have not been proven yet. In this report, the full-length cDNA sequence and genomic structure of Nrdp1 in the large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea (LcNrdp1) were identified and characterized. The full-length cDNA of LcNrdp1 was 1248bp, including a 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 32bp, a 3' UTR of 259bp and an open reading frame (ORF) of 937bp, encoding a polypeptide of 318 amino acid residues. The full-length genomic DNA sequence of LcNrdp1 was composed of 2635 nucleotides, including four exons and three introns. The putative LcNrdp1 protein had no signal peptide sequence and contained a characteristic Nrdp1 consensus motif C3HC3D ring finger and a Coiled-coil domain. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Nrdp1 in fish was closer with that in other vertebrates (79%-90% amino acid identity) than in invertebrates and bacteria (27%-65%). In fishes, Nrdp1 in large yellow croaker was closer with that in Takifugu rubripes. The expression profile showed that LcNrdp1 was constitutively expressed in all tested tissues, especially highly expressed in brain, muscle and kidney. Post-infection (PI) with Cryptocaryon irritans, an increased expression of LcNrdp1 was induced in infection sites (skin and gill), whereas in immune organs, the expression of LcNrdp1 was up-regulated in spleen (except the 1st d and 10th d PI) but suppressed in head kidney. These results suggested that LcNrdp1 might play an important immune role in the finfish L. crocea in the defense against the parasite C. irritans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Fang Han
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Da Hui Yu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Shi Jun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Ming Yun Li
- College of Ocean, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Zhi Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
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44
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Zhao F, Li YW, Pan HJ, Shi CB, Luo XC, Li AX, Wu SQ. TAK1-binding proteins (TAB1 and TAB2) in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): identification, characterization, and expression analysis after infection with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 38:389-399. [PMID: 24747054 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β activated kinase-1 (TAK1) is a key regulatory molecule in toll-like receptor (TLR), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathways. The activation of TAK1 is specifically regulated by two TAK1-binding proteins, TAB1 and TAB2. However, the roles of TAB1 and TAB2 in fish have not been reported to date. In the present study, TAB1 (CiTAB1) and TAB2 (CiTAB2) in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) were identified and characterized, and their expression profiles were analyzed after fish were infected with the pathogenic ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. The full-length CiTAB1 cDNA is 1949 bp long with an open reading frame (ORF) of 1497 bp that encodes a putative protein of 498 amino acids containing a typical PP2Cc domain. The full-length CiTAB2 cDNA is 2967 bp long and contains an ORF of 2178 bp encoding a putative protein of 725 amino acids. Protein structure analysis revealed that CiTAB2 consists of three main structural domains: an N-terminal CUE domain, a coiled-coil domain, and a C-terminal ZnF domain. Multiple sequence alignment showed that CiTAB1 and CiTAB2 share high sequence identity with other known TAB1 and TAB2 proteins, and several conserved phosphorylation sites and an O-GlcNAc site were deduced in CiTAB1. Phylogenetic tree analysis demonstrated that CiTAB1 and CiTAB2 have the closest evolutionary relationship with TAB1 and TAB2 of Danio rerio, respectively. CiTAB1 and CiTAB2 were both widely expressed in all examined tissues with the highest levels in the heart and liver, respectively. After infection with I. multifiliis, the expressions of CiTAB1 and CiTAB2 were both significantly up-regulated in all tested tissues at most time points, which indicates that these proteins may be involved in the host immune response against I. multifiliis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Yan-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | - Hou-Jun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, PR China
| | - Cun-Bin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, PR China
| | - Xiao-Chun Luo
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - An-Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Shu-Qin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, PR China.
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