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Li X, Chen T, Wu X, Li Z, Zhang X, Jiang X, Luo P, Hu C, Wong NK, Ren C. Evolutionarily Ancient Caspase-9 Sensitizes Immune Effector Coelomocytes to Cadmium-Induced Cell Death in the Sea Cucumber, Holothuria leucospilota. Front Immunol 2022; 13:927880. [PMID: 35911686 PMCID: PMC9330033 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.927880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy-metal pollution has increasingly jeopardized the habitats of marine organisms including the sea cucumber, a seafloor scavenger vital to seawater bio-decontamination, ocean de-acidification and coral-reef protection. Normal physiology including immune functions of sea cucumbers is toxicologically modulated by marine metal pollutants such as cadmium (Cd). The processes underpinning Cd's toxic effects on immune systems in the sea cucumber, Holothuria leucospilota, are still poorly understood. To this end, we cloned and characterized a full-length caspase-9 (Hl-CASP9) cDNA in the sea cucumber, Holothuria leucospilota. Hl-CASP9 mRNA levels evolved dynamically during embryonic development. Coelomocytes, a type of phagocytic immune effectors central to H. leucospilota immunity, were found to express Hl-CASP9 mRNA most abundantly. Hl-CASP9 protein structurally resembles caspases-2 and -9 in both invertebrate and vertebrate species, comprising a CARD domain and a CASc domain. Remarkably, Hl-CASP9 was transcriptionally sensitive to abiotic oxidative stress inducers including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (•NO) and cadmium (Cd), but insensitive to immunostimulants including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and poly(I:C). Overexpression of Hl-CASP9 augmented mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in HEK293T cells, while knock-down of Hl-CASP9 blunted Cd-induced coelomocyte apoptosis in vivo. Overall, we illustrate that an evolutionarily ancient caspase-9-dependent pathway exists to sensitize coelomocytes to premature cell death precipitated by heavy metal pollutants, with important implications for negative modulation of organismal immune response in marine invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofen Wu
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, University of Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Zhuobo Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoqun Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Nai-Kei Wong
- Clinical Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University of Medical College, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Chunhua Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
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Guo M, Li C. Current progress on identification of virus pathogens and the antiviral effectors in echinoderms. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 116:103912. [PMID: 33129884 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Echinoderms are important marine organisms that live in a wide range from the intertidal zone to the abyssal zone. Members of this phylum are prone to dramatic population fluctuations that may trigger dramatic shifts in ecosystem structure. Despite the extremely complex nature of the marine environment, the immune systems of echinoderms induce a complex innate immune response to prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathogens. Previous studies showed that many echinoderm disease outbreaks were associated with specific bacteria, whereas recent scientific investigations using newly developed technologies revealed the amazing diversity of viruses in seawater. Viruses are potential pathogens of several infectious diseases of marine echinoderms. We reviewed the discovery of viruses in echinoderms and discussed the relationship between viruses and diseases for the first time. We further summarized the research progress of the potential immune-related genes and signal pathways induced by viruses and poly (I:C). Additionally, numbers of studies showed that active substances extracted from echinoderms, or the compounds synthesized from these substances, have significant antihuman virus ability. This result suggests that the active substances derived from echinoderms provide potential antiviral protection for the organism, which may provide future research directions for the antiviral immunity of echinoderms. Thus, this review also collected information on the antiviral activities of biologically active substances from echinoderms, which may pave the way for new trends in antiviral immunity for echinoderms and antiviral drugs in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, PR China
| | - Chenghua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
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Liu J, Guo M, Lv Z, Wang Z, Shao Y, Li C. A cyclophilin A (CypA) from Apostichopus japonicus modulates NF-κB translocation as a cofactor. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:728-737. [PMID: 31740398 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As a ubiquitously expressed protein, cyclophilin A (CypA) is involved in a variety of pathological process, including immune suppression, inflammation, cell apoptosis, viral infection and stress response. However, the functional roles of CypA were largely unknown in economic marine animals. In this report, a novel CypA gene from sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (designated as AjCypA) was cloned and its function roles in immune responses were explored. The full-length cDNA of AjCypA was 1297 bp containing an open reading frame of 489 bp encoding a putative protein of 162 amino acids (aa). A conserved cyclophilin-like domain (CLD) with PPIase signature was located from 5 to 155 aa sequences in AjCypA, in which five necessary aa residues was totally conserved. In healthy sea cucumbers, AjCypA was expressed in all detected tissues, with highly expressed in muscles and weakly expressed in coelomocytes. AjCypA transcripts was significantly induced 8.08-fold and 5.65-fold in coelomocytes when sea cucumbers challenged with Vibrio splendidus in vivo and LPS in vitro, respectively. The expression pattern is similar with the expression of AjRel in the same condition. Moreover, GST pull-down and immunofluorescence analysis both revealed that AjCypA might be interacted with AjRel. Furthermore, AjCypA knockdown not only inhibited the expression of inflammation cytokines, but also suppressed the translocation of AjRel in nucleus induced by LPS. Taken together, our results suggested that AjCypA play key roles in V. splendidus mediated immune responses via suppressing the nuclear translocation of AjRel activity in sea cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, PR China
| | - Ming Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, PR China
| | - Zhimeng Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, PR China
| | - Zhenhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, PR China
| | - Yina Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, PR China
| | - Chenghua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
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Zhao L, Ren C, Chen T, Sun H, Wu X, Jiang X, Huang W. The first cloned sea cucumber FADD from Holothuria leucospilota: Molecular characterization, inducible expression and involvement of apoptosis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 89:548-554. [PMID: 30991146 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a sea cucumber Fas-associated death domain (FADD) named HLFADD was first cloned from Holothuria leucospilota. The full-length cDNA of HLFADD is 2137 bp in size, containing a 116-bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR), a 1334-bp 3'-UTR and a 687-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a protein of 228 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 26.42 kDa. HLFADD protein contains a conserved death effector domain at its N-terminal and a conserved death domain at its C-terminal, structurally similar to its counterparts in vertebrates. The over-expressed HLFADD protein could induce apoptosis in HEK293 cells, suggesting a possible death receptor-mediated apoptosis pathway in echinoderms adapted with FADD. Moreover, HLFADD mRNA is ubiquitously expressed in all examined tissues, with the highest transcript level in the coelomocytes, followed by intestine. In vitro experiments performed in the H. leucospilota coelomocytes, the expression of HLFADD mRNA was significantly up-regulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid [poly (I:C)] challenge, suggesting that HLFADD might play important roles in the innate immune defense of sea cucumber against the invasion of bacteria and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Candidate Drug Research, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Chunhua Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China.
| | - Ting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China.
| | - Hongyan Sun
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Xiaofen Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China.
| | - Xiao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China.
| | - Wen Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China.
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