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Yang Y, Qiao X, Yu S, Zhao X, Jin Y, Liu R, Li J, Wang L, Song L. A trace amine associated receptor mediates antimicrobial immune response in the oyster Crassostrea gigas. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 156:105171. [PMID: 38537729 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs) are a class of G protein-coupled receptors, playing an immunomodulatory function in the neuroinflammatory responses. In the present study, a TAAR homologue with a 7tm_classA_rhodopsin-like domain (designated as CgTAAR1L) was identified in oyster Crassostrea gigas. The abundant CgTAAR1L transcripts were detected in visceral ganglia and haemocytes compared to other tissues, which were 55.35-fold and 32.95-fold (p < 0.01) of those in adductor muscle, respectively. The mRNA expression level of CgTAAR1L in haemocytes significantly increased and reached the peak level at 3 h after LPS or Poly (I:C) stimulation, which was 4.55-fold and 12.35-fold of that in control group, respectively (p < 0.01). After the expression of CgTAAR1L was inhibited by the injection of its targeted siRNA, the mRNA expression levels of interleukin17s (CgIL17-1, CgIL17-5 and CgIL17-6), and defensin (Cgdefh1) significantly decreased at 3 h after LPS stimulation, which was 0.51-fold (p < 0.001), 0.39-fold (p < 0.01), 0.48-fold (p < 0.05) and 0.41-fold (p < 0.05) of that in the control group, respectively. The nuclear translocation of Cgp65 protein was suppressed in the CgTAAR1L-RNAi oysters. Furthermore, the number of Vibrio splendidus in the haemolymph of CgTAAR1L-RNAi oysters significantly increased (4.11-fold, p < 0.001) compared with that in the control group. In contrast, there was no significant difference in phagocytic rate of haemocytes to V. splendidus in the CgTAAR1L-RNAi oysters. These results indicated that CgTAAR1L played an important role in the immune defense against bacterial infection by inducing the expressions of interleukin and defensin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China
| | - Simiao Yu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China
| | - Yuhao Jin
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China
| | - Jie Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
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Li Y, Yang W, Sun J, Lian X, Li X, Zhao X, Liu Y, Wang L, Song L. A DM9-containing protein from crab Eriocheir sinensis functions as a novel multipotent pattern recognition receptor. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 145:109356. [PMID: 38163495 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
DM9-containing protein in invertebrates functions as pattern recognition receptor (PRR) to play significant roles in innate immunity. In the present study, a novel DM9-containg protein (defined as EsDM9CP-1) was identified from the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. EsDM9CP-1 is composed of 330 amino acids containing a Methyltransf_FA domain and two tandem DM9 repeats. The deduced amino acid sequence of EsDM9CP-1 shared low similarity with the previously identified DM9CPs from other species, and it was closely clustered with Platyhelminthes DM9CPs and then assigned into the branch of invertebrate DM9CPs in the unrooted phylogenetic tree. The mRNA transcripts of EsDM9CP-1 were highly expressed in haemocytes, gill, and heart. After Aeromonas hydrophila stimulation, the expression levels of EsDM9CP-1 mRNA in haemocytes increased significantly at 3 h (3.88-fold, p < 0.05) and 6 h (2.71-fold, p < 0.05), compared with that of PBS group, respectively. EsDM9CP-1 protein was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm and membrane of haemocytes. The recombinant EsDM9CP-1 protein (rEsDM9CP-1) exhibited binding affinity to MAN, PGN, LPS and Poly (I:C), and also to Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus subtilis), Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, A. hydrophila and Vibrio splendidus) and fungi (Pichia pastoris and Metschnikowia bicuspidata) in a Ca2+-dependent manner. It was able to agglutinate A. hydrophila, S. aureus, M. luteus, M. bicuspidata and P. pastoris, and inhibit the growth of A. hydrophila and M. bicuspidate. These results suggested that EsDM9CP-1 in crab not only functioned as a PRR, but also agglutinated and inhibited the growth of microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, Liaoning, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Guangdong, Zhuhai, 519000, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, Liaoning, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Guangdong, Zhuhai, 519000, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jiejie Sun
- Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Guangdong, Zhuhai, 519000, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xingye Lian
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, Liaoning, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Guangdong, Zhuhai, 519000, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Guangdong, Zhuhai, 519000, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, Liaoning, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Guangdong, Zhuhai, 519000, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Guangdong, Zhuhai, 519000, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, Liaoning, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Guangdong, Zhuhai, 519000, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, Liaoning, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Guangdong, Zhuhai, 519000, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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Li Y, Lian X, Yang W, Leng J, Sun J, Liu Y, Fan S, Wang L, Song L. A novel DM9-containing protein 7 involved in regulating the expression of CgMyD88 and CgIL-17 in oyster Crassostrea gigas. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 150:105076. [PMID: 37802234 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.105076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The DM9-containing proteins have been identified as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to recognize invading pathogens and subsequently mediate downstream signal pathways, playing essential roles in innate immune responses of molluscs. In the present study, a novel DM9-containing protein (named as CgDM9CP-7) was identified from Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, which contained two tandem DM9 repeats similar to the previously identified CgDM9CPs. The mRNA transcripts of CgDM9CP-7 were found to be constitutively expressed in all the tested tissues including haemolymph, gill, hepatopancreas, mantle, adductor muscle and labial palp. The expression level of CgDM9CP-7 mRNA in haemocytes significantly up-regulated at 3 and 6 h after Vibrio splendidus stimulation, which was 5.67-fold (p < 0.01) and 4.71-fold (p < 0.05) of that in the control group, respectively, and it also increased significantly at 6 h (3.08-fold, p < 0.01) post lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. The protein of CgDM9CP-7 was mainly detected in membrane and cytoplasm of oyster haemocytes after V. splendidus stimulation. The recombinant CgDM9CP-7 protein (rCgDM9CP-7) displayed binding activities to MAN, LPS, PGN, Poly (I:C) as well as gram-negative bacteria (V. splendidus and Escherichia coli), gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus) and fungi (Pichia pastoris and Yarrowia lipolytica). rCgDM9CP-7 was able to agglutinate Bacillus subtilis, V. splendidus, E. coli and S. aureus, inhibit their growth, and bind the recombinant protein CgMyd88-2 (KD = 5.98 × 10-6 M) and CgMyd88s (KD = 8.5 × 10-7 M) in vitro as well. The transcripts of CgIL17-1 (0.45-fold of the control group, p < 0.01), CgIL17-2 (0.19-fold, p < 0.05), CgIL17-3 (0.54-fold, p < 0.05), CgIL17-5 (0.36-fold, p < 0.05) and CgIL17-6 (0.24-fold, p < 0.01) in CgDM9CP-7-siRNA oysters decreased significantly at 6 h after V. splendidus stimulation. These results collectively indicated that CgDM9CP-7 was involved in the regulation of CgMyD88 and CgIL-17 expression in the immune response of oyster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, Liaoning, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Guangdong, Zhuhai, 519000, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xingye Lian
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, Liaoning, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, Liaoning, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jinyuan Leng
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, Liaoning, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jiejie Sun
- Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Siqi Fan
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, Liaoning, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Guangdong, Zhuhai, 519000, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, Liaoning, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Guangdong, Zhuhai, 519000, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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Hatakeyama T, Masuda K, Kudo M, Tanaka K, Takeuchi A, Unno H. Mannose oligosaccharide recognition of CGL1, a mannose-specific lectin containing DM9 motifs from Crassostrea gigas, revealed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. J Biochem 2023; 175:35-41. [PMID: 37793172 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvad073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CGL1 is a mannose-specific lectin isolated from the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, and it belongs to the DM9 domain protein family. Each subunit of the CGL1 dimer consists of a tandem repeat of DM9 motifs, which were originally found in the Drosophila melanogaster genome. The CGL1 protomer contains two carbohydrate-binding sites: a high-affinity site A and a low-affinity site B. An assay using dendrimers containing oligomannose from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) revealed that CGL1 exhibited significantly higher affinity for mannotetraose (Man4) compared to mannobiose (Man2) and mannotriose (Man3). To investigate its oligomannose-recognition mechanism, X-ray crystallographic analyses of CGL1/oligomannose complexes were performed. In the CGL1/Man2 and CGL1/Man3 complexes, Manα1-2Man and Manα1-2Manα1-2Man, respectively, were primarily bound to site A, interacting with the non-reducing mannose residue. On the other hand, in the CGL1/Man4 crystal, Man4 (Manα1-2Manα1-2Manα1-6Man) was bound at both site A and site B at the non-reducing and reducing ends, thus linking adjacent CGL1 molecules with crystallographic symmetry. These findings suggest that CGL1 can recognize both the non-reducing and reducing mannose residues of mannose oligosaccharides at its two distinct carbohydrate-binding sites. This enables efficient complex formation, making CGL1 a pattern-recognition molecule capable of recognizing diverse structures of mannose-containing carbohydrate chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomitsu Hatakeyama
- Biomolecular Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo-machi 1-14, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Kazuki Masuda
- Biomolecular Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo-machi 1-14, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Mizuki Kudo
- Biomolecular Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo-machi 1-14, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Koshi Tanaka
- Biomolecular Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo-machi 1-14, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Ayaka Takeuchi
- Biomolecular Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo-machi 1-14, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Hideaki Unno
- Biomolecular Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo-machi 1-14, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
- Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo-machi 1-14, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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Yang Q, Sun J, Wu W, Xing Z, Yan X, Lv X, Wang L, Song L. A galectin-9 involved in the microbial recognition and haemocyte autophagy in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 149:105063. [PMID: 37730190 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.105063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-9 is a tandem-repeat type member of galectin family participating in various immune responses, such as cell agglutination, phagocytosis, and autophagy. In the present study, a tandem repeat galectin-9 (defined as CgGal-9) was identified from Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, which consisted of two conserved carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) joined by a linker peptide. CgGal-9 was closely clustered with CaGal-9 from C. angulata, and they were assigned into the branch of invertebrate galectin-9s in the phylogenetic tree. The mRNA transcripts of CgGal-9 were detected in all the tested tissues, with the highest expression level in haemocytes. The mRNA expressions of CgGal-9 in haemocytes increased significantly after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Vibrio splendidus stimulation. The recombinant CgGal-9 was able to bind all the examined pathogen-associated molecular patterns (LPS, peptidoglycan, and mannose) and microbes (V. splendidus, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Pichia pastoris), and agglutinated most of them in the presence of Ca2+. In CgGal-9-RNAi oysters, the mRNA expressions of autophagy related genes (CgBeclin1, CgATG5, CgP62 and CgLC3) in haemocytes decreased significantly while that of CgmTOR increased significantly at 3 h after V. splendidus stimulation. The autophagy level and mRNA expressions of autophagy related genes decreased in haemocytes after CgGal-9 was blocked by the corresponding antibody. These results revealed that CgGal-9 was able to bind different microbes and might be involved in haemocyte autophagy in the immune response of oyster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jiejie Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhen Xing
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yan
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaoqian Lv
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
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Gao Y, Liu Z, Zhu T, Xin X, Jin Y, Wang L, Liu C, Song L. A bone morphogenetic protein regulates the shell formation of Crassostrea gigas under ocean acidification. Gene 2023; 884:147687. [PMID: 37541558 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are key factors controlling osteoblast differentiation, which have been proved to be involved in the hard tissue formation of marine mollusks. In the present study, a member of BMPs gene (CgBMP7) was identified from Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (C. gigas) with the aim to understand its possible role in the regulation of shell formation under ocean acidification (OA) conditions. The open reading frame (ORF) of CgBMP7 was of 1254 bp encoding a polypeptide of 417 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of CgBMP7 was comprised of one signal peptide, one prodomain and one TGF-β domain, which shared 21.69%-61.10% identities with those from other species. The mRNA transcript of CgBMP7 was ubiquitously expressed in all the tested tissues of adult oysters with a higher expression level in mantle, notably highest in the middle fold (MF) of the three folds of mantle. The expression level of bone morphogenetic protein type I receptor (CgBMPR1B) mRNA was also highest in the MF and up-regulated dramatically post recombinant BMP7 protein (rCgBMP7) stimulation. After the blockage of BMPR1B with inhibitor LDN193189 (LDN), the mRNA expression level and phosphorylation level of CgSmad1/5/8 in mantle were decreased, and the mRNA expression levels of CgCaM and Cgengrailed-1 were down-regulated significantly. During the oysters were exposed to acidified seawater for weeks, the expression levels of CgBMP7, CgBMPR1B and CgSmad1/5/8 in the MF decreased significantly (p < 0.01) at the 4th week, and CgCaM and Cgengrailed-1 also exhibited the same variable expression patterns as CgBMP7. In addition, the growth of shell in the treatment group (pH 7.8) was slower than that in the control group (pH 8.1). These results collectively indicated that BMP7 was able to trigger the BMPR-Smad signaling pathway and involved in controlling the formation of oyster calcified shell under OA conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Gao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhaoqun Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xin
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yuhao Jin
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Guangdong, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Guangdong, Zhuhai 519000, China.
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Hatakeyama T, Unno H. Functional Diversity of Novel Lectins with Unique Structural Features in Marine Animals. Cells 2023; 12:1814. [PMID: 37508479 PMCID: PMC10377782 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their remarkable structural diversity, glycans play important roles as recognition molecules on cell surfaces of living organisms. Carbohydrates exist in numerous isomeric forms and can adopt diverse structures through various branching patterns. Despite their relatively small molecular weights, they exhibit extensive structural diversity. On the other hand, lectins, also known as carbohydrate-binding proteins, not only recognize and bind to the diverse structures of glycans but also induce various biological reactions based on structural differences. Initially discovered as hemagglutinins in plant seeds, lectins have been found to play significant roles in cell recognition processes in higher vertebrates. However, our understanding of lectins in marine animals, particularly marine invertebrates, remains limited. Recent studies have revealed that marine animals possess novel lectins with unique structures and glycan recognition mechanisms not observed in known lectins. Of particular interest is their role as pattern recognition molecules in the innate immune system, where they recognize the glycan structures of pathogens. Furthermore, lectins serve as toxins for self-defense against foreign enemies. Recent discoveries have identified various pore-forming proteins containing lectin domains in fish venoms and skins. These proteins utilize lectin domains to bind target cells, triggering oligomerization and pore formation in the cell membrane. These findings have spurred research into the new functions of lectins and lectin domains. In this review, we present recent findings on the diverse structures and functions of lectins in marine animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomitsu Hatakeyama
- Biomolecular Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo-machi 1-14, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Hideaki Unno
- Biomolecular Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo-machi 1-14, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
- Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo-machi 1-14, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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Liu Y, Wang W, Sun J, Li Y, Wu S, Li Q, Dong M, Wang L, Song L. CgDM9CP-5-Integrin-MAPK Pathway Regulates the Production of CgIL-17s and Cgdefensins in the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:245-258. [PMID: 36548464 PMCID: PMC9842941 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
DM9 domain containing protein (DM9CP) is a family of newly identified recognition receptors exiting in most organisms except plants and mammals. In the current study, to our knowledge, a novel DM9CP-5 (CgDM9CP-5) with two tandem DM9 repeats and high expression level in gill was identified from the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. The deduced amino acid sequence of CgDM9CP-5 shared 62.1% identity with CgDM9CP-1 from C. gigas, and 47.8% identity with OeFAMeT from Ostrea edulis. The recombinant CgDM9CP-5 (rCgDM9CP-5) was able to bind d-mannose, LPS, peptidoglycan, and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, as well as fungi Pichia pastoris, Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Vibrio splendidus, and Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. The mRNA transcript of CgDM9CP-5 was highly expressed in gill, and its protein was mainly distributed in gill mucus. After the stimulations with V. splendidus and mannose, mRNA expression of CgDM9CP-5 in oyster gill was significantly upregulated and reached the peak level at 6 and 24 h, which was 13.58-fold (p < 0.05) and 14.01-fold (p < 0.05) of that in the control group, respectively. CgDM9CP-5 was able to bind CgIntegrin both in vivo and in vitro. After CgDM9CP-5 or CgIntegrin was knocked down by RNA interference, the phosphorylation levels of JNK and P38 in the MAPK pathway decreased, and the expression levels of CgIL-17s (CgIL-17-3, -4, -5, and -6), Cg-Defh1, Cg-Defh2, and CgMolluscidin were significantly downregulated. These results suggested that there was a pathway of DM9CP-5-Integrin-MAPK mediated by CgDM9CP-5 to regulate the release of proinflammatory factors and defensins in C. gigas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiejie Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Yinan Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Shasha Wu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Qing Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Miren Dong
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China; and
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China; and
- Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Wang Y, Liu Z, Liu C, Liu R, Yang C, Wang L, Song L. Cortisol modulates glucose metabolism and oxidative response after acute high temperature stress in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 126:141-149. [PMID: 35561949 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cortisol is the main stress hormone that plays crucial roles in energy metabolism and immune response in vertebrates. In the present study, the homologues of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (designated Cg11β-HSD1) and 5α-reductase 1 (designated Cg5αR1), the key enzymes related to cortisol metabolism, were identified from Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. The Cg11β-HSD1 harbored a conserved SDR domain, and Cg5αR1 contained a Steroid_dh domain and three transmembrane domains. The mRNA transcripts of Cg11β-HSD1 and Cg5αR1 were constitutively expressed in all the examined tissues of oysters, with the highest expression level in haemocytes and labial palp, respectively. After acute high temperature stress (28 °C), the mRNA expression level of Cg11β-HSD1 in hepatopancreas significantly up-regulated at 6 h and 12 h, and that of Cg5αR1 significantly up-regulated at 6 h, compared with the Blank group (11 °C). The concentration of cortisol and glucose, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in hepatopancreas all significantly up-regulated after acute high temperature stress, while the glycogen concentration in adductor muscle decreased significantly at 6 h and 12 h. After the blockage of Cg11β-HSD1 with metyrapone, the cortisol concentration and the activities of SOD and CAT significantly decreased after acute high temperature stress, the glucose concentration in hepatopancreas significantly increased at 24 h, and the glycogen concentration in adductor muscle significantly increased at 6 h. These results collectively suggested that cortisol played a crucial role in regulating glucose metabolism and oxidative response in oysters upon acute high temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhaoqun Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Ranyang Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Chuanyan Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
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CgHMGB1 functions as a broad-spectrum recognition molecule to induce the expressions of CgIL17-5 and Cgdefh2 via MAPK or NF-κB signaling pathway in Crassostrea gigas. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 211:289-300. [PMID: 35525493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a highly conserved nucleoprotein, functions in immune recognition, inflammation and antibacterial immunization in vertebrates. In the present study, the mediation mechanism of CgHMGB1 in activating MAPK and NF-κB/Rel signaling pathways to induce the expressions of immune effectors was investigated. CgHMGB1 mRNA was detected in all tested developmental stages from fertilized egg to D-larvae, with the higher expressions in 4-cell and 8-cell stages. CgHMGB1 proteins were mainly distributed in haemocyte granulocytes. The expressions of CgHMGB1 mRNA in haemocytes increased significantly after Vibrio splendidus stimulation, and CgHMGB1 protein translocated into the haemocyte cytoplasm and release into cell-free haemolymph. The phosphorylation of CgERK and CgP38 were induced, the nuclear translocation of CgRel were promoted, and the mRNA expressions of CgIL17-5 and Cgdefh2 increased significantly after rCgHMGB1 treatment. Obvious branchial swelling and cilium shedding were observed after rCgHMGB1 treatment. rCgHMGB1 exhibited binding activity to different polysaccharides, bacteria, and fungi. rCgHMGB1 also displayed obvious antibacterial activity to V. splendidus and E. coli. These results indicated that CgHMGB1 functioned as an immune recognition molecule to recognize various PAMPs and bacteria to induce the mRNA expressions of CgIL17-5 and Cgdefh2 via the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in oysters.
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Chen X, Liu Z, Gu Y, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wang L, Song L. A hexokinase from the oyster Crassostrea gigas is involved in immune recognition as a pattern recognition receptor. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 122:104083. [PMID: 33930456 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hexokinase (HK) is generally recognized as a crucial enzyme participating in glycolysis. In the present study, a HK (named CgHK) was identified as a potential pattern recognition receptor (PRR) from the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. The open reading frame (ORF) of CgHK was of 1395 bp, encoding a peptide of 464 amino acids with one Hexokinase_1 domain and one Hexokinase_2 domain. The predicted amino acid sequence of CgHK shared 17%-29% similarities with that of other known HKs. The mRNA transcripts of CgHK were constitutively detected in all the examined tissues, with relative high expression level in labial palp and haemocytes. CgHK protein was mainly observed in the cytoplasm of oyster haemocytes. The mRNA expression level of CgHK in haemocytes was significantly up-regulated and peaked at 3 h after Vibrio splendidus (7.64-fold, p < 0.001) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (11.86-fold, p < 0.001) stimulations. The recombinant CgHK protein (rCgHK) exhibited Mg2+-dependent adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding activity in vitro and activity to bind D-(+)-glucose (GLU) and various pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs) such as LPS and peptidoglycan (PGN) in the absence of Mg2+. It also displayed higher binding activity towards V. splendidus and relatively lower binding activity towards Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Micrococcus luteus. After the mRNA expression of CgHK in haemocytes was knocked down by dsRNA interference, the expression of CgIL17-5 mRNA in haemocytes was considerably down-regulated at 3 h after the stimulation with V. splendidus (0.33-fold, p < 0.001). These results collectively indicated that CgHK was able to recognize various PAMPs and pathogenic bacteria as a PRR apart from being the enzyme to exert ATP binding activity in glycolysis, and activate the anti-bacterial immune response by promoting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines CgIL17-5 in oyster haemocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Chen
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhaoqun Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yifan Gu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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Li J, Wang W, Zhao Q, Fan S, Li Y, Yuan P, Wang L, Song L. A haemocyte-expressed Methyltransf_FA domain containing protein (MFCP) exhibiting microbe binding activity in oyster Crassostrea gigas. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 122:104137. [PMID: 34023375 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Methyltransf_FA domain is well-known as a key protein domain of enzyme synthesizing juvenile hormone, and Methyltransf_FA domain containing proteins (MFCPs) are widely existed in vertebrates and invertebrates. In the present study, a CgMFCP with a single Methyltransf_FA domain was screened from oyster Crassostrea gigas, and its open reading frame of CgMFCP was of 1128 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 376 amino acids with a signal peptide, a Methyltransf_FA domain and a transmembrane region. CgMFCP was clustered with FAMeTs from insecta and crustacea of arthropod. The mRNA transcripts of CgMFCP were detected in different tissues, with the extremely high expression level in haemocytes, which was 131.36-fold (p < 0.05) of that in gills. The expression level of CgMFCP protein was verified to be highly expressed in haemocytes. The expression level of CgMFCP mRNA in primarily cultured haemocytes significantly up-regulated at 3 h, 24 h and 48 h post LPS stimulation, which was 3.25-fold (p < 0.01), 2.04-fold (p < 0.05) and 3.59-fold (p < 0.01) compared to that in blank group. After the oysters were stimulated with Vibrio splendidus in vivo, the expression level of CgMFCP mRNA in haemocytes was also significantly up-regulated at 3 h, 12 h, and 24 h, which was 4.22-fold (p < 0.05), 4.39-fold (p < 0.05) and 6.35-fold (p < 0.01) of that in control group, respectively. By flow cytometry analysis, anti-rCgMFCP can label 95% of oyster haemocytes. And by fluorescence microscope analysis, CgMFCP was mainly distributed in cytomembrane of haemocytes. The recombinant CgMFCP (rCgMFCP) exhibited higher affinity towards MAN and LPS in a dose-dependent manner, while relatively lower affinity to PGN and poly (I:C). rCgMFCP also displayed binding activities towards Gram-negative bacteria (Vibrio anguillarum and V. splendidus), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcu aureu) and fungi (Pichia pastoris). These results collectively indicated that CgMFCP specifically expressed in haemocytes and functioned as a pattern recognition receptor by binding to various microbes in oyster C. gigas, which provided insight into the function of Methyltransf_FA domain containing proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Siqi Fan
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yan Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Pei Yuan
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
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The Natterin Proteins Diversity: A Review on Phylogeny, Structure, and Immune Function. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13080538. [PMID: 34437409 PMCID: PMC8402412 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first record of the five founder members of the group of Natterin proteins in the venom of the medically significant fish Thalassophryne nattereri, new sequences have been identified in other species. In this work, we performed a detailed screening using available genome databases across a wide range of species to identify sequence members of the Natterin group, sequence similarities, conserved domains, and evolutionary relationships. The high-throughput tools have enabled us to dramatically expand the number of members within this group of proteins, which has a remote origin (around 400 million years ago) and is spread across Eukarya organisms, even in plants and primitive Agnathans jawless fish. Overall, the survey resulted in 331 species presenting Natterin-like proteins, mainly fish, and 859 putative genes. Besides fish, the groups with more species included in our analysis were insects and birds. The number and variety of annotations increased the knowledge of the obtained sequences in detail, such as the conserved motif AGIP in the pore-forming loop involved in the transmembrane barrel insertion, allowing us to classify them as important constituents of the innate immune defense system as effector molecules activating immune cells by interacting with conserved intracellular signaling mechanisms in the hosts.
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