1
|
Mulder JD, Dobbelaar S, Achterberg M. Behavioral and neural responses to social rejection: Individual differences in developmental trajectories across childhood and adolescence. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 66:101365. [PMID: 38493526 PMCID: PMC10958064 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Dealing with social rejection is challenging, especially during childhood when behavioral and neural responses to social rejection are still developing. In the current longitudinal study, we used a Bayesian multilevel growth curve model to describe individual differences in the development of behavioral and neural responses to social rejection in a large sample (n > 500). We found a peak in aggression following negative feedback (compared to neutral feedback) during late childhood, as well as individual differences during this developmental phase, possibly suggesting a sensitive window for dealing with social rejection across late childhood. Moreover, we found evidence for individual differences in the linear development of neural responses to social rejection in our three brain regions of interest: The anterior insula, the medial prefrontal cortex, and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. In addition to providing insights in the individual trajectories of dealing with social rejection during childhood, this study also makes a meaningful methodological contribution: Our statistical analysis strategy (and can be found in this study's online supplementary materials at https://jeroendmulder.github.io/social-emotion-regulation/) can be used as an example on how to take into account the many complexities of developmental neuroimaging datasets, while still enabling researchers to answer interesting questions about individual-level relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen D Mulder
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Simone Dobbelaar
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Leiden Consortium Individual Development, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Michelle Achterberg
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Leiden Consortium Individual Development, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Leiden University, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
van Schie CC, Whiting L, Grenyer BFS. How negative self-views may interfere with building positive relationships: An experimental analogue of identity dysfunction in borderline personality disorder. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301196. [PMID: 38547086 PMCID: PMC10977689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A disturbed, negative sense of self is associated with various interpersonal difficulties and is characteristic of disorders such as borderline personality disorder (BPD). Negative self-views may affect an individuals' ability to build positive relationships, including a therapeutic relationship. However, it is not yet well understood how identity disturbances give rise to interpersonal difficulties. Using an experimental analogue design, we tested whether identity disturbances are associated with interpersonal difficulties. METHODS Participants were university students (N = 43, age M = 20.51 (SD = 3.08), women N = 32 (74.4%)) who reported moderate to high levels of BPD features, with 34.9% reporting significant BPD features as measured by the Borderline scale of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI-BOR). In a within-subject experimental paradigm using a Social Feedback Task, participants received negative, intermediate, and positive evaluations, supposedly from a panel. Using multilevel models, we tested whether negative self-views were associated with how much the participants liked, trusted, and felt close to each of the three panel members who provided either predominantly negative, intermediate, or positive feedback. RESULTS People with more negative self-views reported lower mood in response to positive feedback. In addition, where people with more positive self-views felt better when receiving feedback that was congruent with their self-views, people with more negative self-views did not report a better mood. Importantly, people with negative self-views felt lower desire to affiliate with the member who provided predominantly positive feedback. Affiliation was not affected when feedback was given by the negative member and intermediate member to those with negative self-views. CONCLUSIONS The findings validated that those with more negative self-views anticipated and expected more negative responses from others. Negative self-views, as relevant for BPD, may explain how people relate differently to those giving different types of feedback. Pervasive negative self-views may interfere with building new relationships including the therapeutic alliance. It may be helpful for clinicians to be aware of the potential challenges around creating a supportive therapeutic relationship for patients with negative self-views. Overly positive affirmations made by clinicians may inadvertently lower the patient's mood and may impede alliance formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Whiting
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brin F. S. Grenyer
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rodriguez Buritica JM, Eppinger B, Heekeren HR, Crone EA, van Duijvenvoorde ACK. Observational reinforcement learning in children and young adults. NPJ SCIENCE OF LEARNING 2024; 9:18. [PMID: 38480747 PMCID: PMC10937639 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-024-00227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Observational learning is essential for the acquisition of new behavior in educational practices and daily life and serves as an important mechanism for human cognitive and social-emotional development. However, we know little about its underlying neurocomputational mechanisms from a developmental perspective. In this study we used model-based fMRI to investigate differences in observational learning and individual learning between children and younger adults. Prediction errors (PE), the difference between experienced and predicted outcomes, related positively to striatal and ventral medial prefrontal cortex activation during individual learning and showed no age-related differences. PE-related activation during observational learning was more pronounced when outcomes were worse than predicted. Particularly, negative PE-coding in the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex was stronger in adults compared to children and was associated with improved observational learning in children and adults. The current findings pave the way to better understand observational learning challenges across development and educational settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Rodriguez Buritica
- Department of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain & Department of Psychology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ben Eppinger
- Department of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hauke R Heekeren
- Department of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Executive University Board, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eveline A Crone
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anna C K van Duijvenvoorde
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Clark KA, Pachankis JE, Dougherty LR, Katz BA, Hill KE, Klein DN, Kujawa A. Adolescents' Sexual Orientation and Behavioral and Neural Reactivity to Peer Acceptance and Rejection: The Moderating Role of Family Support. Clin Psychol Sci 2024; 12:115-132. [PMID: 38288008 PMCID: PMC10824405 DOI: 10.1177/21677026231158574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Sexual-minority adolescents frequently endure peer rejection, yet scant research has investigated sexual-orientation differences in behavioral and neural reactions to peer rejection and acceptance. In a community sample of adolescents approximately 15 years old (47.2% female; same-sex attracted: n = 36, exclusively other-sex attracted: n = 310), we examined associations among sexual orientation and behavioral and neural reactivity to peer feedback and the moderating role of family support. Participants completed a social-interaction task while electroencephalogram data were recorded in which they voted to accept/reject peers and, in turn, received peer acceptance/rejection feedback. Compared with heterosexual adolescents, sexual-minority adolescents engaged in more behavioral efforts to ingratiate after peer rejection and demonstrated more blunted neural reactivity to peer acceptance at low, but not medium or high, levels of family support. By using a simulated real-world social-interaction task, these results demonstrate that sexual-minority adolescents display distinct behavioral and neural reactions to peer acceptance and rejection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty A. Clark
- Department of Medicine, Health, and Society, Vanderbilt University
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | - John E. Pachankis
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Clinical Psychological Science Public Health
| | | | | | - Kaylin E. Hill
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | | | - Autumn Kujawa
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dobbelaar S, Achterberg M, van Drunen L, van Duijvenvoorde AC, van IJzendoorn MH, Crone EA. Development of social feedback processing and responses in childhood: an fMRI test-replication design in two age cohorts. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:nsac039. [PMID: 35661224 PMCID: PMC10985675 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated behavioral and neural correlates underlying social feedback processing and subsequent aggressive behaviors in childhood in two age cohorts (test sample: n = 509/n = 385 and replication sample: n = 354/n = 195, 7-9 years old). Using a previously validated Social Network Aggression Task, we showed that negative social feedback resulted in most behavioral aggression, followed by less aggression after neutral and least aggression after positive feedback. Receiving positive and negative social feedback was associated with increased activity in the insula, medial prefrontal cortex and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Responding to feedback was associated with additional activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) following positive feedback. This DLPFC activation correlated negatively with aggression. Furthermore, age analyses showed that older children showed larger reductions in aggression following positive feedback and more neural activation in the DLPFC when responding to positive feedback compared to younger children. To assess the robustness of our results, we examined these processes in two independent behavioral/functional magnetic resonance imaging samples using equivalence testing, thereby contributing to replicable reports. Together, these findings demonstrate an important role of social saliency and regulatory processes where regulation of aggression rapidly develops between the ages of 7 and 9 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Dobbelaar
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 AK, The Netherlands
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 AK, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000 DR, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle Achterberg
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 AK, The Netherlands
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 AK, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000 DR, The Netherlands
| | - Lina van Drunen
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 AK, The Netherlands
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 AK, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000 DR, The Netherlands
| | - Anna c.k van Duijvenvoorde
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 AK, The Netherlands
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 AK, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus H van IJzendoorn
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 AK, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000 DR, The Netherlands
- Research Department of Clinical, Education and Health Psychology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Eveline A Crone
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 AK, The Netherlands
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 AK, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000 DR, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
van de Groep IH, Bos MGN, Popma A, Crone EA, Jansen LMC. A neurocognitive model of early onset persistent and desistant antisocial behavior in early adulthood. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1100277. [PMID: 37533586 PMCID: PMC10392129 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1100277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It remains unclear which functional and neurobiological mechanisms are associated with persistent and desistant antisocial behavior in early adulthood. We reviewed the empirical literature and propose a neurocognitive social information processing model for early onset persistent and desistant antisocial behavior in early adulthood, focusing on how young adults evaluate, act upon, monitor, and learn about their goals and self traits. Based on the reviewed literature, we propose that persistent antisocial behavior is characterized by domain-general impairments in self-relevant and goal-related information processing, regulation, and learning, which is accompanied by altered activity in fronto-limbic brain areas. We propose that desistant antisocial development is associated with more effortful information processing, regulation and learning, that possibly balances self-relevant goals and specific situational characteristics. The proposed framework advances insights by considering individual differences such as psychopathic personality traits, and specific emotional characteristics (e.g., valence of social cues), to further illuminate functional and neural mechanisms underlying heterogenous developmental pathways. Finally, we address important open questions and offer suggestions for future research to improve scientific knowledge on general and context-specific expression and development of antisocial behavior in early adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilse H. van de Groep
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marieke G. N. Bos
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Arne Popma
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eveline A. Crone
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Lucres M. C. Jansen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dobbelaar S, Achterberg M, van Duijvenvoorde ACK, van IJzendoorn MH, Crone EA. Developmental patterns and individual differences in responding to social feedback: A longitudinal fMRI study from childhood to adolescence. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 62:101264. [PMID: 37331231 PMCID: PMC10285498 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Learning to control behavior when receiving feedback underlies social adaptation in childhood and adolescence, and is potentially strengthened by environmental support factors, such as parents. This study examined the neural development of responding to social feedback from childhood to adolescence, and effects of parental sensitivity on this development. We studied these questions in a 3-wave longitudinal fMRI sample (ages 7-13 years, n = 512). We measured responses to feedback using the fMRI Social Network Aggression Task through noise blasts following peer feedback and associated neural activity, and parental sensitivity using observations of parent-child interactions during Etch-a-Sketch. Results revealed largest reductions in noise blasts following positive feedback between middle and late childhood and following negative feedback between late childhood and early adolescence. Additionally, brain-behavior associations between dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation and noise blast durations became more differentiated across development. Parental sensitivity was only associated with noise blast duration following positive feedback in childhood, but not in adolescence. There was no relation between parental sensitivity and neural activity. Our findings contribute to our understanding of neural development and individual differences in responding to social feedback, and the role of parenting in supporting children's adaption to social feedback.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Dobbelaar
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Developmental and Educational Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Michelle Achterberg
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Developmental and Educational Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna C K van Duijvenvoorde
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Developmental and Educational Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Marinus H van IJzendoorn
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Research Department of Clinical, Education and Health Psychology, UCL, University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Eveline A Crone
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Developmental and Educational Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Towner E, Chierchia G, Blakemore SJ. Sensitivity and specificity in affective and social learning in adolescence. Trends Cogn Sci 2023:S1364-6613(23)00092-X. [PMID: 37198089 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of heightened affective and social sensitivity. In this review we address how this increased sensitivity influences associative learning. Based on recent evidence from human and rodent studies, as well as advances in computational biology, we suggest that, compared to other age groups, adolescents show features of heightened Pavlovian learning but tend to perform worse than adults at instrumental learning. Because Pavlovian learning does not involve decision-making, whereas instrumental learning does, we propose that these developmental differences might be due to heightened sensitivity to rewards and threats in adolescence, coupled with a lower specificity of responding. We discuss the implications of these findings for adolescent mental health and education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Towner
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Gabriele Chierchia
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Davis MM, Modi HH, Skymba HV, Finnegan MK, Haigler K, Telzer EH, Rudolph KD. Thumbs up or thumbs down: neural processing of social feedback and links to social motivation in adolescent girls. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:6786289. [PMID: 36318468 PMCID: PMC10036875 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of rapid biological and psychological development, characterized by increasing emotional reactivity and risk-taking, especially in peer contexts. Theories of adolescent neural development suggest that the balance in sensitivity across neural threat, reward and regulatory systems contributes to these changes. Building on previous research, this study used a novel social feedback task to explore activation and functional connectivity in the context of social threat and reward in a sample of mid-adolescent girls (n = 86, Mage = 16.32). When receiving negative peer feedback, adolescents showed elevated activation in, and amygdala connectivity with, social processing regions [e.g. medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and temporoparietal junction (TPJ)]. When receiving positive feedback, adolescents showed elevated activation in social and reward (e.g. mPFC and ventromedial prefrontal cortex) processing regions and less striatum-cerebellum connectivity. To understand the psychological implications of neural activation and co-activation, we examined associations between neural processing of threat and reward and self-reported social goals. Avoidance goals predicted elevated amygdala and striatum connectivity with social processing regions [e.g. medial temporal gyrus (MTG)], whereas approach goals predicted deactivation in social processing regions (e.g. MTG/TPJ and precuneus), highlighting the importance of considering individual differences in sensitivity to social threat and reward in adolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Davis
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Haina H Modi
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Haley V Skymba
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Megan K Finnegan
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Katherine Haigler
- Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Eva H Telzer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Karen D Rudolph
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lim L, Khor CC. Examining the common and specific grey matter abnormalities in childhood maltreatment and peer victimisation. BJPsych Open 2022; 8:e132. [PMID: 35817782 PMCID: PMC9301772 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2022.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life interpersonal stress, particularly childhood maltreatment, is associated with neurobiological abnormalities. However, few studies have investigated the neural effects of peer victimisation. AIMS This study examines common and specific associations between childhood maltreatment, peer victimisation and brain structural alterations in youths. METHOD Grey matter volume (GMV) and cortical thickness data were collected from 105 age- and gender-matched youths (age range: 17-21 years). Region-of-interest and whole-brain analyses were conducted. RESULTS For the region-of-interest analyses, the childhood maltreatment group had smaller GMV than controls in left inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral anterior insula, postcentral and lingual regions, which were associated with greater emotional abuse, along with smaller insular GMV than the peer victimisation group, who had smaller left lingual and postcentral GMV than controls. At the whole-brain level, both childhood maltreatment and peer victimisation groups had smaller GMV than controls in a cluster comprising left post/precentral, inferior frontal gyrus, insula, superior parietal and supramarginal gyri. The peer victimisation group alone had increased cortical thickness in a cluster comprising left superior frontal, anterior cingulate and medial orbitofrontal gyri, which was related to greater cyberbullying. CONCLUSIONS Early-life interpersonal stress is associated with common structural alterations of the inferior frontal-limbic, sensory and lingual regions involved in cognitive control, emotion and sensory processing. The findings of childhood-maltreatment-related reduced anterior insular GMV and peer-victimisation-related increased cortical thickness in the left medial prefrontal-anterior cingulate cluster underscore the distinctive negative effects of childhood maltreatment and peer victimisation, and suggest that peer victimisation, particularly cyberbullying, could be as detrimental as childhood maltreatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Lim
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; and Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- The Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Resisting aggression in social contexts: The influence of life-course persistent antisocial behavior on behavioral and neural responses to social feedback. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 34:102973. [PMID: 35245790 PMCID: PMC8892163 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.102973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Negative social feedback (vs positive / neutral) evoked more retaliatory aggression. Persistent and desistent antisocial development associated with similar and dissociable neural activity: During social feedback processing: Increased Insula (both groups) or dlPFC activation (desisters) During retaliation: Increased dlPFC and ACC activity after positive feedback. During retaliation: ACC activity correlated with inhibition of retaliation (desisters)
Early adulthood has long been recognized as a potential turning point for the development of antisocial behavior, due to changes in social contexts and ongoing psychological and neurobiological maturation. However, it remains unclear how different developmental trajectories of antisocial behavior, their neural underpinnings, and individual differences in psychopathic traits may help explain the distinct developmental outcomes of individuals who persist in or desist from antisocial behavior in early adulthood - such as how they respond to others in social contexts. Therefore, in the current study, young adults (aged 18–30, 68% male) with a persistent or desistant antisocial trajectory (N = 54), as well as healthy controls (N = 39), completed the Social Network Aggression Task, during which they received positive, neutral, or negative feedback on a personal profile and got the opportunity to retaliate by blasting a loud noise. On a behavioral level, results indicated that in all groups, negative peer feedback evoked higher retaliatory aggression, compared to positive and neutral feedback. On a neural level, when receiving social feedback, individuals with persistent or desistent trajectories showed both similar and dissociable patterns of neural activity; desisting and persisting trajectory groups showed higher activity in the Insula, and the desisting trajectory group showed higher activity in dlPFC. Finally, when participants retaliated, they showed increased dlPFC and ACC activity following positive relative to neutral and negative feedback, where ACC activity correlated most strongly with inhibition of retaliatory responses in the desisting trajectory group. Together, these findings provide novel insights in dissociable patterns of brain activity that may increase our understanding of the mechanisms underlying different developmental trajectories of antisocial behavior.
Collapse
|
12
|
Yue X, Zhang G, Li X, Shen Y, Wei W, Bai Y, Luo Y, Wei H, Li Z, Zhang X, Wang M. Brain Functional Alterations in Prepubertal Boys With Autism Spectrum Disorders. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:891965. [PMID: 35664346 PMCID: PMC9160196 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.891965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Abnormal brain function in ASD patients changes dynamically across developmental stages. However, no one has studied the brain function of prepubertal children with ASD. Prepuberty is an important stage for children’s socialization. This study aimed to investigate alterations in local spontaneous brain activity in prepubertal boys with ASD. Materials and Methods Measures of the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) acquired from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) database, including 34 boys with ASD and 49 typically developing (TD) boys aged 7 to 10 years, were used to detect regional brain activity. Pearson correlation analyses were conducted on the relationship between abnormal ALFF and ReHo values and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) scores. Results In the ASD group, we found decreased ALFF in the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and decreased ReHo in the left lingual gyrus (LG), left superior temporal gyrus (STG), left middle occipital gyrus (MOG), and right cuneus (p < 0.05, FDR correction). There were negative correlations between ReHo values in the left LG and left STG and the ADOS social affect score and a negative correlation between ReHo values in the left STG and the calibrated severity total ADOS score. Conclusion Brain regions with functional abnormalities, including the left IPL, left LG, left STG, left MOG, and right cuneus may be crucial in the neuropathology of prepubertal boys with ASD. Furthermore, ReHo abnormalities in the left LG and left STG were correlated with sociality. These results will supplement the study of neural mechanisms in ASD at different developmental stages, and be helpful in exploring the neural mechanisms of prepubertal boys with ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xipeng Yue
- Department of Medical Imaging, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital & Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital & Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaochen Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital & Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu Shen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital & Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Medical Imaging, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital & Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Bai
- Department of Medical Imaging, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital & Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Medical Imaging, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital & Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Wei
- Department of Medical Imaging, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital & Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ziqiang Li
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | | | - Meiyun Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital & Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Meiyun Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Panier L, Ethridge P, Farrell‐Reeves A, Punturieri C, Kujawa A, Dirks M, Weinberg A. Associations between peer stress in early adolescence and multiple event‐related potentials elicited during social feedback processing. Dev Psychobiol 2022; 64:e22279. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.22279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Panier
- Department of Psychology McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Paige Ethridge
- Department of Psychology McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | | | | | - Autumn Kujawa
- Department of Psychological Sciences Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee USA
| | - Melanie Dirks
- Department of Psychology McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Anna Weinberg
- Department of Psychology McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Long H, Fan M, Li Q, Yang X, Huang Y, Xu X, Ma J, Xiao J, Jiang T. Structural and functional biomarkers of the insula subregions predict sex differences in aggression subscales. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:2923-2935. [PMID: 35289969 PMCID: PMC9120556 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggression is a common and complex social behavior that is associated with violence and mental diseases. Although sex differences were observed in aggression, the neural mechanism for the effect of sex on aggression behaviors remains unclear, especially in specific subscales of aggression. In this study, we investigated the effects of sex on aggression subscales, gray matter volume (GMV), and functional connectivity (FC) of each insula subregion as well as the correlation of aggression subscales with GMV and FC. This study found that sex significantly influenced (a) physical aggression, anger, and hostility; (b) the GMV of all insula subregions; and (c) the FC of the dorsal agranular insula (dIa), dorsal dysgranular insula (dId), and ventral dysgranular and granular insula (vId_vIg). Additionally, mediation analysis revealed that the GMV of bilateral dIa mediates the association between sex and physical aggression, and left dId–left medial orbital superior frontal gyrus FC mediates the relationship between sex and anger. These findings revealed the neural mechanism underlying the sex differences in aggression subscales and the important role of the insula in aggression differences between males and females. This finding could potentially explain sexual dimorphism in neuropsychiatric disorders and improve dysregulated aggressive behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Long
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Fan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumentation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaojun Li
- School of Information Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuhua Yang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yujiao Huang
- Zhijiang College, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinli Xu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji Ma
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,The Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Galván A. Adolescent Brain Development and Contextual Influences: A Decade in Review. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2021; 31:843-869. [PMID: 34820955 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a developmental period characterized by substantial psychological, biological, and neurobiological changes. This review discusses the past decade of research on the adolescent brain, as based on the overarching framework that development is a dynamic process both within the individual and between the individual and external inputs. As such, this review focuses on research showing that the development of the brain is influenced by multiple ongoing and dynamic elements. It highlights the implications this body of work on behavioral development and offers areas of opportunity for future research in the coming decade.
Collapse
|
16
|
Van de Groep IH, Bos MGN, Jansen LMC, Achterberg M, Popma A, Crone EA. Overlapping and distinct neural correlates of self-evaluations and self-regulation from the perspective of self and others. Neuropsychologia 2021; 161:108000. [PMID: 34419488 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.108000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Prior research has implicated the medial and lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) in processing evaluations from the perspective of self (self-traits) and evaluations from others (peer feedback), suggesting that these areas form a neural substrate that serves an intertwined function in monitoring self in relation to others. To test this possibility, we examined neural activation overlap in medial and lateral PFC after processing self- and other-informed evaluations. Young adults (age range 18-30-yrs, n = 40) performed two fMRI tasks. The self-concept task involved rating whether positive and negative traits described themselves. The Social Network Aggression Task involved processing positive, neutral or negative feedback from others, with the possibility to retaliate by blasting a loud noise following feedback. The results show that rating positive self traits and receiving positive peer feedback was associated with increased activity in an overlapping region in medial PFC. There were no significant correlations on a behavioral level and medial PFC activity for self-versus-other evaluations. The study further replicated the finding from previous research showing that higher activity in dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) when receiving negative social feedback was associated with reduced noise blast aggression. Finally, during retaliatory responses after receiving positive feedback, participants showed increased activity in the dlPFC. Together these findings suggest that medial PFC is more strongly involved in protecting positive self-views from both internal (self traits) and external (peer feedback) points of view, whereas dlPFC is more strongly involved in regulating retaliatory responses following social rejection, and actively inhibiting aggressive behavior after receiving positive peer feedback.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilse H Van de Groep
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Marieke G N Bos
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Lucres M C Jansen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michelle Achterberg
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Arne Popma
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eveline A Crone
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Schneider N, Greenstreet E, Deoni SCL. Connecting inside out: Development of the social brain in infants and toddlers with a focus on myelination as a marker of brain maturation. Child Dev 2021; 93:359-371. [PMID: 34463347 PMCID: PMC9290142 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Early childhood is a sensitive period for learning and social skill development. The maturation of cerebral regions underlying social processing lays the foundation for later social‐emotional competence. This study explored myelin changes in social brain regions and their association with changes in parent‐rated social‐emotional development in a cohort of 129 children (64 females, 0–36 months, 77 White). Results reveal a steep increase in myelination throughout the social brain in the first 3 years of life that is significantly associated with social‐emotional development scores. These findings add knowledge to the emerging picture of social brain development by describing neural underpinnings of human social behavior. They can contribute to identifying age‐/stage‐appropriate early life factors in this developmental domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Schneider
- Brain Health Department, Nestlé Institute of Health Science, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Switzerland
| | | | - Sean C L Deoni
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Radiology, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dobbelaar S, van Duijvenvoorde ACK, Achterberg M, van der Meulen M, Crone EA. A Bi-Dimensional Taxonomy of Social Responsivity in Middle Childhood: Prosociality and Reactive Aggression Predict Externalizing Behavior Over Time. Front Psychol 2021; 11:586633. [PMID: 33519603 PMCID: PMC7843792 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.586633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing social skills is essential to succeed in social relations. Two important social constructs in middle childhood, prosocial behavior and reactive aggression, are often regarded as separate behaviors with opposing developmental outcomes. However, there is increasing evidence for the co-occurrence of prosociality and aggression, as both might indicate responsivity to the social environment. Here, we tested whether a bi-dimensional taxonomy of prosociality and reactive aggression could predict internalizing and externalizing problems over time. We re-analyzed data of two well-validated experimental tasks for prosociality (the Prosocial Cyberball Game) and reactive aggression (the Social Network Aggression Task) in a developmental population sample (n = 496, 7-9 years old). Results revealed no associations between prosociality and reactive aggression, confirming the independence of those constructs. Interestingly, although prosociality and reactive aggression independently did not predict problem behavior, the interaction of both was negatively predictive of changes in externalizing problems over time. Specifically, only children who scored low on both prosociality and reactive aggression showed an increase in externalizing problems 1 year later, whereas levels of externalizing problems did not change for children who scored high on both types of behavior. Thus, our results suggest that at an individual level, reactive aggression in middle childhood might not always be maladaptive when combined with prosocial behavior, thereby confirming the importance of studying social competence across multiple dimensions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Dobbelaar
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anna C K van Duijvenvoorde
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Michelle Achterberg
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mara van der Meulen
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Eveline A Crone
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rudolph KD, Davis MM, Skymba HV, Modi HH, Telzer EH. Social experience calibrates neural sensitivity to social feedback during adolescence: A functional connectivity approach. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 47:100903. [PMID: 33370666 PMCID: PMC7773533 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptive calibration model suggests exposure to highly stressful or highly supportive early environments sensitizes the brain to later environmental input. We examined whether family and peer experiences predict neural sensitivity to social cues in 85 adolescent girls who completed a social feedback task during a functional brain scan and an interview assessing adversity. Whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) analyses revealed curvilinear associations between social experiences and FC between the ventral striatum and regions involved in emotion valuation, social cognition, and salience detection (e.g., insula, MPFC, dACC, dlPFC) during social reward processing, such that stronger FC was found at both very high and very low levels of adversity. Moreover, exposure to adversity predicted stronger FC between the amygdala and regions involved in salience detection, social cognition, and emotional memory (e.g., sgACC, precuneus, lingual gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus) during social threat processing. Analyses also revealed some evidence for blunted FC (VS-PCC for reward; amygdala-parahippocampal gyrus for threat) at very high and low levels of adversity. Overall, results suggest social experiences may play a critical role in shaping neural sensitivity to social feedback during adolescence. Future work will need to elucidate the implications of these patterns of neural function for the development of psychopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen D Rudolph
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Psychology, 603 E. Daniel St, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA.
| | - Megan M Davis
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Psychology, 603 E. Daniel St, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Haley V Skymba
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Psychology, 603 E. Daniel St, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Haina H Modi
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Psychology, 603 E. Daniel St, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Eva H Telzer
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, 235 E Cameron Ave, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Exploring the Impact of Internet Use on Memory and Attention Processes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249481. [PMID: 33348890 PMCID: PMC7766706 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The rapid uptake of the internet has provided a new platform for people to engage with almost all aspects of life. As such, it is currently crucial to investigate the relationship between the internet and cognition across contexts and the underlying neurobiological mechanisms driving this. We describe the current understanding of this relationship across the literature and outline the state of knowledge surrounding the potential neurobiological drivers. Through focusing on two key areas of the nascent but growing literature, first the individual- and population-level implications for attention processes and second the neurobiological drivers underpinning internet usage and memory, we describe the implications of the internet for cognition, assess the potential mechanisms linking brain structure to cognition, and elucidate how these influence behaviour. Finally, we identify areas that now require investigation, including (i) the importance of the variation in individual levels of internet usage, (ii) potential individual behavioural implications and emerging population-level effects, and the (iii) interplay between age and the internet–brain relationships across the stages of development.
Collapse
|
21
|
Weinberg A, Ethridge P, Pegg S, Freeman C, Kujawa A, Dirks MA. Neural responses to social acceptance predict behavioral adjustments following peer feedback in the context of a real-time social interaction task. Psychophysiology 2020; 58:e13748. [PMID: 33320341 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Strong social connections are important predictors of both mental and physical health. The ability to effectively process social feedback from other people and adjust behavior accordingly is a critical part of skillfully navigating the social landscape. However, relatively few studies have considered neural systems driving these behavioral adjustments. In this study, 254 participants engaged in a peer interaction game while electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. In this game, participants repeatedly "interact" with a small set of virtual peers over a series of rounds, in which they provide feedback to their peers, and receive feedback from them in turn. A reward-sensitive event-related potential called the Reward Positivity (RewP) was extracted from the EEG following positive feedback from peers, and multilevel modeling was used to examine whether the RewP moderated associations between the feedback participants received during the task and their subsequent behavior. Participants were more likely to accept coplayers who had previously voted to accept them, and to like coplayers who had voted to accept them on the same round. A larger RewP was associated with a stronger tendency to modify behavior following feedback from peers, both in terms of voting behavior and expressions of liking. These data suggest that initial neural responsiveness to reward within 300 ms of positive social feedback may guide social behaviors. Thus, this line of research represents an important step toward a more complete understanding of the ways in which neural responses to feedback are involved in human social behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Weinberg
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Paige Ethridge
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Samantha Pegg
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Clara Freeman
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Autumn Kujawa
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Melanie A Dirks
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Funkhouser CJ, Auerbach RP, Kujawa A, Morelli SA, Phan KL, Shankman SA. Social Feedback Valence Differentially Modulates the Reward Positivity, P300, and Late Positive Potential. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2020; 34:255-267. [PMID: 33814668 PMCID: PMC8011565 DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal social or reward processing is associated with several mental disorders. Although most studies examining reward processing have focused on monetary rewards, recent research also has tested neural reactivity to social rewards (e.g., positive social feedback). However, the majority of these studies only include two feedback valences (e.g., acceptance, rejection). Yet, social evaluation is rarely binary (positive vs. negative) and people often give 'on the fence' or neutral evaluations of others. Processing of this type of social feedback may be ambiguous and impacted by factors such as psychopathology, self-esteem, and prior experiences of rejection. Thus, the present study probed the reward positivity (RewP), P300, and late positive potential (LPP) following acceptance, rejection, and "one the fence" [between acceptance and rejection] feedback in undergraduate students (n = 45). Results indicated that the RewP showed more positive amplitudes following acceptance compared to both rejection and "on the fence" feedback, and the RewP was larger (i.e., more positive) following rejection relative to "on the fence" feedback. In contrast, the P300 did not differ between rejection and "on the fence" feedback, and both were reduced compared to acceptance. The LPP was blunted in response to rejection relative to acceptance and "on the fence" feedback (which did not differ from each other). Exploratory analyses demonstrated that greater self-reported rejection sensitivity was associated with a reduced LPP to acceptance. Taken together, these findings suggest that the neural systems underlying the RewP, P300, and LPP may evaluate "on the fence" social feedback differently, and that individuals high on rejection sensitivity may exhibit reduced attention toward and elaborative processing of social acceptance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Randy P. Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University
- Division of Clinical Developmental Neuroscience, Sackler Institute
| | - Autumn Kujawa
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | | | - K. Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Stewart A. Shankman
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Crone EA, Achterberg M, Dobbelaar S, Euser S, van den Bulk B, der Meulen MV, van Drunen L, Wierenga LM, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, van IJzendoorn MH. Neural and behavioral signatures of social evaluation and adaptation in childhood and adolescence: The Leiden consortium on individual development (L-CID). Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 45:100805. [PMID: 33040969 PMCID: PMC7390777 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition period between early childhood and late adolescence is characterized by pronounced changes in social competence, or the capacity for flexible social adaptation. Here, we propose that two processes, self-control and prosociality, are crucial for social adaptation following social evaluation. We present a neurobehavioral model showing commonalities in neural responses to experiences of social acceptance and rejection, and multiple pathways for responding to social context. The Leiden Consortium on Individual Development (L-CID) provides a comprehensive approach towards understanding the longitudinal developmental pathways of, and social enrichment effects on, social competence, taking into account potential differential effects of such enrichment. Using Neurosynth based brain maps we point towards the medial prefrontal cortex as an important region integrating social cognition, self-referential processing and self-control for learning to respond flexibly to changing social contexts. Based on their role in social evaluation processing, we suggest to examine medial prefrontal cortex connections with lateral prefrontal cortex and the ventral striatum as potential neural differential susceptibility markers, in addition to previously established markers of differential susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eveline A Crone
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University, The Netherlands.
| | - Michelle Achterberg
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Dobbelaar
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Euser
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca van den Bulk
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Mara van der Meulen
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Lina van Drunen
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University, The Netherlands
| | - Lara M Wierenga
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Marian J Bakermans-Kranenburg
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, VU Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus H van IJzendoorn
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University, The Netherlands; School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Longitudinal changes in DLPFC activation during childhood are related to decreased aggression following social rejection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:8602-8610. [PMID: 32234781 PMCID: PMC7165424 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915124117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulating aggression after social feedback is an important prerequisite for developing and maintaining social relations, especially in the current times with larger emphasis on online social evaluation. Studies in adults highlighted the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in regulating aggression. Little is known about the development of aggression regulation following social feedback during childhood, while this is an important period for both brain maturation and social relations. The current study used a longitudinal design, with 456 twins undergoing two functional MRI sessions across the transition from middle (7 to 9 y) to late (9 to 11 y) childhood. Aggression regulation was studied using the Social Network Aggression Task. Behavioral aggression after social evaluation decreased over time, whereas activation in the insula, dorsomedial PFC and DLPFC increased over time. Brain-behavior analyses showed that increased DLPFC activation after negative feedback was associated with decreased aggression. Change analyses further revealed that children with larger increases in DLPFC activity from middle to late childhood showed stronger decreases in aggression over time. These findings provide insights into the development of social evaluation sensitivity and aggression control in childhood.
Collapse
|
25
|
Lemmers-Jansen IL, Fett AKJ, van Os J, Veltman DJ, Krabbendam L. Trust and the city: Linking urban upbringing to neural mechanisms of trust in psychosis. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2020; 54:138-149. [PMID: 31409094 DOI: 10.1177/0004867419865939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Elevated prevalence of non-affective psychotic disorders is often found in densely populated areas. This functional magnetic resonance imaging study investigates if reduced trust, a component of impaired social functioning in patients with psychotic disorder, is associated with urban upbringing. METHODS In total, 39 patients (22 first episode and 17 clinical high risk) and 30 healthy controls, aged 16-29, performed two multi-round trust games, with a cooperative and unfair partner during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Baseline trust was operationalized as the first investment made, and changes of trust as changes in investments made over the 20 trials during the games. Urban exposure during upbringing (0-15 years) was defined as higher urban (≥2500 inhabitants/km2) or lower urban (<2500 inhabitants/km2). RESULTS Patients displayed lower baseline trust (first investment) than controls, regardless of urbanicity exposure. During cooperative interactions, lower-urban patients showed increasing investments. In addition, during cooperative interactions, group-by-developmental urbanicity interactions were found in the right and left amygdalae, although for the latter only at trend level. Higher urbanicity was associated with decreased activation of the left amygdala in patients and controls during investments and with increased activation of the right and left amygdalae in patients only, during repayments. During unfair interactions, no associations of urbanicity with behavior or brain activation were found. CONCLUSION Urban upbringing was unrelated to baseline trust. Associations with urbanicity were stronger for patients compared to controls, suggesting greater susceptibility to urbanicity effects during the developmental period. Higher-urban patients failed to compensate for the initial distrust specifically during repeated cooperative interactions. This finding highlights potential implications for social functioning. Urban upbringing was linked to differential amygdala activation, suggesting altered mechanisms of feedback learning, but this was not associated with trust game behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imke Lj Lemmers-Jansen
- Department of Clinical, Neuro & Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,The Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Kathrin J Fett
- Department of Clinical, Neuro & Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,The Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, UK.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lydia Krabbendam
- Department of Clinical, Neuro & Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,The Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Firth J, Torous J, Stubbs B, Firth JA, Steiner GZ, Smith L, Alvarez‐Jimenez M, Gleeson J, Vancampfort D, Armitage CJ, Sarris J. The "online brain": how the Internet may be changing our cognition. World Psychiatry 2019; 18:119-129. [PMID: 31059635 PMCID: PMC6502424 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of the Internet across multiple aspects of modern society is clear. However, the influence that it may have on our brain structure and functioning remains a central topic of investigation. Here we draw on recent psychological, psychiatric and neuroimaging findings to examine several key hypotheses on how the Internet may be changing our cognition. Specifically, we explore how unique features of the online world may be influencing: a) attentional capacities, as the constantly evolving stream of online information encourages our divided attention across multiple media sources, at the expense of sustained concentration; b) memory processes, as this vast and ubiquitous source of online information begins to shift the way we retrieve, store, and even value knowledge; and c) social cognition, as the ability for online social settings to resemble and evoke real-world social processes creates a new interplay between the Internet and our social lives, including our self-concepts and self-esteem. Overall, the available evidence indicates that the Internet can produce both acute and sustained alterations in each of these areas of cognition, which may be reflected in changes in the brain. However, an emerging priority for future research is to determine the effects of extensive online media usage on cognitive development in youth, and examine how this may differ from cognitive outcomes and brain impact of uses of Internet in the elderly. We conclude by proposing how Internet research could be integrated into broader research settings to study how this unprecedented new facet of society can affect our cognition and the brain across the life course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Firth
- NICM Health Research InstituteWestern Sydney UniversityWestmeadAustralia,Division of Psychology and Mental HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK,Centre for Youth Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - John Torous
- Division of Digital Psychiatry, Department of PsychiatryBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Department of Psychological MedicineInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK,Physiotherapy DepartmentSouth London and Maudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Josh A. Firth
- Department of Zoology, Edward Grey InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK,Merton CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Genevieve Z. Steiner
- NICM Health Research InstituteWestern Sydney UniversityWestmeadAustralia,Translational Health Research InstituteWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSWAustralia
| | - Lee Smith
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise SciencesAnglia Ruskin UniversityCambridgeUK
| | - Mario Alvarez‐Jimenez
- Centre for Youth Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia,Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - John Gleeson
- Centre for Youth Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia,School of PsychologyAustralian Catholic UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Davy Vancampfort
- Department of Rehabilitation SciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium,University Psychiatric CenterKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Christopher J. Armitage
- Division of Psychology and Mental HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK,NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research CentreManchesterUK
| | - Jerome Sarris
- NICM Health Research InstituteWestern Sydney UniversityWestmeadAustralia,Professorial Unit, The Melbourne Clinic, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of MelbourneAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
van Wijk IC, van den Bulk BG, Euser S, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, van IJzendoorn MH, Huffmeijer R. Social judgments, frontal asymmetry, and aggressive behavior in young children: A replication study using EEG. Neuropsychologia 2019. [PMID: 28647436 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Early in their lives young children are confronted with social judgments by peers. Previous studies have shown that in adults negative social judgments are associated with more aggressive behavior. However, little is known about the relation between social judgments and aggressive behavior, or the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms, in early childhood. We developed the Social Network Aggression Task - Early Childhood (SNAT-EC) to examine the mediating role of frontal EEG asymmetry in the relation between social judgment and aggressive behavior in 4-6 year old children. To replicate our findings, we included three samples: a pilot sample, test sample 1 and test sample 2 (total N = 78). In the SNAT-EC, children receive positive, negative and neutral social judgments about their chosen cuddly animal by same-aged unfamiliar peers. EEG was acquired to measure frontal asymmetry during the processing of social judgments. Aggressive behavior was measured as the duration of a button press with which children could destroy balloons of the judging peer, thus reducing the number of remaining balloons for that peer. We used a within-subject mediation model to test whether frontal asymmetry mediated the effect of social judgment (negative vs. positive) on aggressive behavior. Results show that the SNAT-EC robustly elicits more aggressive behavior in response to negative social judgments about the cuddly animal compared to positive judgments. Meta-analysis revealed a large combined effect size (r = .42) for the relation between negative (vs. positive) social judgments and aggressive behavior. However, frontal asymmetry in response to the social judgments did not mediate the relation between social judgment and aggressive behavior. Future studies should search for other neural mediators to bridge the brain-behavior gap between social judgments and aggressive behavior, in particular in early childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilse C van Wijk
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Department of Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca G van den Bulk
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Department of Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Euser
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Department of Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Marian J Bakermans-Kranenburg
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Department of Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus H van IJzendoorn
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Department of Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Renske Huffmeijer
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Department of Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Development of MPFC function mediates shifts in self-protective behavior provoked by social feedback. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3086. [PMID: 30082718 PMCID: PMC6079030 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05553-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
How do people protect themselves in response to negative social feedback from others? How does such a self-protective system develop and affect social decisions? Here, using a novel reciprocal artwork evaluation task, we demonstrate that youths show self-protective bias based on current negative social evaluation, whereas into early adulthood, individuals show self-protective bias based on accumulated evidence of negative social evaluation. While the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) mediates self-defensive behavior based on both current and accumulated feedback, the rostromedial prefrontal cortex (RMPFC) exclusively mediates self-defensive behavior based on longer feedback history. Further analysis using a reinforcement learning model suggests that RMPFC extending into VMPFC, together with posterior parietal cortex (PPC), contribute to age-related increases in self-protection bias with deep feedback integration by computing the discrepancy between current feedback and previously estimated value of self-protection. These findings indicate that the development of RMPFC function is critical for sophisticated self-protective decisions.
Collapse
|
29
|
Achterberg M, van Duijvenvoorde ACK, van der Meulen M, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Crone EA. Heritability of aggression following social evaluation in middle childhood: An fMRI study. Hum Brain Mapp 2018. [PMID: 29528161 PMCID: PMC6055731 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Middle childhood marks an important phase for developing and maintaining social relations. At the same time, this phase is marked by a gap in our knowledge of the genetic and environmental influences on brain responses to social feedback and their relation to behavioral aggression. In a large developmental twin sample (509 7‐ to 9‐year‐olds), the heritability and neural underpinnings of behavioral aggression following social evaluation were investigated, using the Social Network Aggression Task (SNAT). Participants viewed pictures of peers that gave positive, neutral, or negative feedback to the participant's profile. Next, participants could blast a loud noise toward the peer as an index of aggression. Genetic modeling revealed that aggression following negative feedback was influenced by both genetics and environmental (shared as well as unique environment). On a neural level (n = 385), the anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortex gyrus (ACCg) responded to both positive and negative feedback, suggesting they signal for social salience cues. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) were specifically activated during negative feedback, whereas positive feedback resulted in increased activation in caudate, supplementary motor cortex (SMA), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Decreased SMA and DLPFC activation during negative feedback was associated with more aggressive behavior after negative feedback. Moreover, genetic modeling showed that 13%–14% of the variance in dorsolateral PFC activity was explained by genetics. Our results suggest that the processing of social feedback is partly explained by genetic factors, whereas shared environmental influences play a role in behavioral aggression following feedback.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Achterberg
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, AK Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands.,Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, AK Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, ZA Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands
| | - Anna C K van Duijvenvoorde
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, AK Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands.,Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, AK Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, ZA Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands
| | - Mara van der Meulen
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, AK Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands.,Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, AK Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, ZA Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands
| | - Marian J Bakermans-Kranenburg
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, AK Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, ZA Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands
| | - Eveline A Crone
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, AK Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands.,Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, AK Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, ZA Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
The current generation of adolescents grows up in a media-saturated world. However, it is unclear how media influences the maturational trajectories of brain regions involved in social interactions. Here we review the neural development in adolescence and show how neuroscience can provide a deeper understanding of developmental sensitivities related to adolescents' media use. We argue that adolescents are highly sensitive to acceptance and rejection through social media, and that their heightened emotional sensitivity and protracted development of reflective processing and cognitive control may make them specifically reactive to emotion-arousing media. This review illustrates how neuroscience may help understand the mutual influence of media and peers on adolescents' well-being and opinion formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eveline A Crone
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333AK, Leiden, Netherlands.
| | - Elly A Konijn
- Department of Communication Science, Media Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kujawa A, Kessel EM, Carroll A, Arfer KB, Klein DN. Social processing in early adolescence: Associations between neurophysiological, self-report, and behavioral measures. Biol Psychol 2017; 128:55-62. [PMID: 28712730 PMCID: PMC5586492 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peer relationships play a major role in adolescent development, but few methods exist for measuring social processing at the neurophysiological level. This study extends our pilot study of Island Getaway, a task for eliciting event-related potentials (ERPs) to peer feedback. We differentiated ERPs using principal components analysis (PCA) and examined associations with behavioral and self-report measures in young adolescents (N=412). PCA revealed an early negativity in the ERP enhanced for rejection feedback, followed by a series of positivities (consistent with reward positivity [RewP], P300, and late positive potential) that were enhanced for acceptance feedback. Greater self-reported task engagement correlated with a larger RewP to acceptance and lower rates of rejecting peers. Youth higher in depressive symptoms exhibited a blunted RewP to social acceptance and reported lower engagement. Results highlight ERP components sensitive to peer feedback that may inform understanding of social processes relevant to typical and atypical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Autumn Kujawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State College of Medicine, United States.
| | - Ellen M Kessel
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, United States
| | - Ashley Carroll
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State College of Medicine, United States
| | - Kodi B Arfer
- Center for HIV Identification, Prevention, and Treatment Services, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Daniel N Klein
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, United States
| |
Collapse
|