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Milani N, Qiu N, Molitor B, Badée J, Cruciani G, Fowler S. Use of Phenotypically Poor Metabolizer Individual Donor Human Liver Microsomes To Identify Selective Substrates of UGT2B10. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:176-186. [PMID: 31839590 PMCID: PMC11022891 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.089482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)1A4 and UGT2B10 are the human UGT isoforms most frequently involved in N-glucuronidation of drugs. UGT2B10 exhibits higher affinity than UGT1A4 for numerous substrates, making it potentially the more important enzyme for metabolism of these compounds in vivo. Clinically relevant UGT2B10 polymorphisms, including a null activity splice site mutation common in African populations, can lead to large exposure differences for UGT2B10 substrates that may limit their developability as marketed drugs. UGT phenotyping approaches using recombinantly expressed UGTs are limited by low enzyme activity and lack of validation of scaling to in vivo. In this study, we describe the use of an efficient experimental protocol for identification of UGT2B10-selective substrates (i.e., those with high fraction metabolized by UGT2B10), which exploits the activity difference between pooled human liver microsomes (HLM) and HLM from a phenotypically UGT2B10 poor metabolizer donor. Following characterization of the approach with eight known UGT2B10 substrates, we used ligand-based virtual screening and literature precedents to select 24 potential UGT2B10 substrates of 140 UGT-metabolized drugs for testing. Of these, dothiepin, cidoxepin, cyclobenzaprine, azatadine, cyproheptadine, bifonazole, and asenapine were indicated to be selective UGT2B10 substrates that have not previously been described. UGT phenotyping experiments and tests comparing conjugative and oxidative clearance were then used to confirm these findings. These approaches provide rapid and sensitive ways to evaluate whether a potential drug candidate cleared via glucuronidation will be sensitive to UGT2B10 polymorphisms in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The role of highly polymorphic UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)2B10 is likely to be underestimated currently for many compounds cleared via N-glucuronidation due to high test concentrations often used in vitro and low activity of UGT2B10 preparations. The methodology described in this study can be combined with the assessment of UGT versus oxidative in vitro metabolism to rapidly identify compounds likely to be sensitive to UGT2B10 polymorphism (high fraction metabolized by UGT2B10), enabling either chemical modification or polymorphism risk assessment before candidate selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolo Milani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Centre Basel, Basel, Switzerland (N.M., N.Q., B.M., S.F.); Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (N.M., G.C.); and Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, University of Florida at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida (J.B.)
| | - NaHong Qiu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Centre Basel, Basel, Switzerland (N.M., N.Q., B.M., S.F.); Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (N.M., G.C.); and Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, University of Florida at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida (J.B.)
| | - Birgit Molitor
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Centre Basel, Basel, Switzerland (N.M., N.Q., B.M., S.F.); Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (N.M., G.C.); and Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, University of Florida at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida (J.B.)
| | - Justine Badée
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Centre Basel, Basel, Switzerland (N.M., N.Q., B.M., S.F.); Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (N.M., G.C.); and Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, University of Florida at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida (J.B.)
| | - Gabriele Cruciani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Centre Basel, Basel, Switzerland (N.M., N.Q., B.M., S.F.); Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (N.M., G.C.); and Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, University of Florida at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida (J.B.)
| | - Stephen Fowler
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Centre Basel, Basel, Switzerland (N.M., N.Q., B.M., S.F.); Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy (N.M., G.C.); and Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, University of Florida at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida (J.B.)
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Badée J, Qiu N, Parrott N, Collier AC, Schmidt S, Fowler S. Optimization of Experimental Conditions of Automated Glucuronidation Assays in Human Liver Microsomes Using a Cocktail Approach and Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 47:124-134. [PMID: 30478159 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.084301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)-mediated metabolism is possibly the most important conjugation reaction for marketed drugs. However, there are currently no generally accepted standard incubation conditions for UGT microsomal assays, and substantial differences in experimental design and methodology between laboratories hinder cross-study comparison of in vitro activities. This study aimed to define optimal experimental conditions to determine glucuronidation activity of multiple UGT isoforms simultaneously using human liver microsomes. Hepatic glucuronidation activities of UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A4, UGT1A6, UGT1A9, UGT2B4, UGT2B7, UGT2B10, UGT2B15, and UGT2B17 were determined using cocktail incubations of 10 UGT probe substrates. Buffer components and cosubstrates were assessed over a range of concentrations including magnesium chloride (MgCl2; 0-10 mM) and uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronic acid (UDPGA; 1-25 mM) with either Tris-HCl or potassium phosphate buffer (100 mM, pH 7.4). Greater microsomal glucuronidation activity by different hepatic UGT isoforms was obtained using 10 mM MgCl2 and 5 mM UDPGA with 100 mM Tris-HCl buffer. The influence of bovine serum albumin (BSA; 0.1%-2% w/v) on glucuronidation activity was also assessed. Enzyme- and substrate-dependent effects of BSA were observed, resulting in decreased total activity of UGT1A1, UGT1A3, and UGT2B17 and increased total UGT1A9 and UGT2B7 activity. The inclusion of BSA did not significantly reduce the between-subject variability of UGT activity. Future in vitro UGT profiling studies under the proposed optimized experimental conditions would allow high-quality positive control data to be generated across laboratories, with effective control of a high degree of between-donor variability for UGT activity and for chemical optimization toward lower-clearance drug molecules in a pharmaceutical drug discovery setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Badée
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, University of Florida at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida (J.B., S.S.); Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Centre Basel, Basel, Switzerland (N.Q., N.P., S.F.); and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (A.C.C.)
| | - Nahong Qiu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, University of Florida at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida (J.B., S.S.); Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Centre Basel, Basel, Switzerland (N.Q., N.P., S.F.); and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (A.C.C.)
| | - Neil Parrott
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, University of Florida at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida (J.B., S.S.); Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Centre Basel, Basel, Switzerland (N.Q., N.P., S.F.); and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (A.C.C.)
| | - Abby C Collier
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, University of Florida at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida (J.B., S.S.); Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Centre Basel, Basel, Switzerland (N.Q., N.P., S.F.); and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (A.C.C.)
| | - Stephan Schmidt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, University of Florida at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida (J.B., S.S.); Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Centre Basel, Basel, Switzerland (N.Q., N.P., S.F.); and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (A.C.C.)
| | - Stephen Fowler
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, University of Florida at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida (J.B., S.S.); Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Centre Basel, Basel, Switzerland (N.Q., N.P., S.F.); and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (A.C.C.)
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Lv X, Zhang JB, Hou J, Dou TY, Ge GB, Hu WZ, Yang L. Chemical Probes for Human UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases: A Comprehensive Review. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1800002. [PMID: 30192065 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
UGTs play crucial roles in the metabolism and detoxification of both endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. The key roles of UGTs in human health have garnered great interest in the design and development of specific probes for human UGTs. However, in contrast to other human enzymes, the probe substrates for human UGTs are rarely reported, owing to the highly overlapping substrate specificities of UGTs and the lack of the integrated crystal structures of UGTs. Over the past decades, many efforts are made to develop specific probe substrates for UGTs and use them in both basic research and drug discovery. This review focuses on recent progress in the development of probe substrates for UGTs and their biomedical applications. A long list of chemical probes for UGTs, including non-fluorescent and fluorescent probes along with their structural information and kinetic parameters, are prepared and analyzed. Additionally, challenges and future directions in this field are highlighted in the final section. All information and knowledge presented in this review provide practical tools/methods for measuring UGT activities in complex biological samples, which will be very helpful for rapid screening and characterization of UGT modulators, and for exploring the relevance of UGT enzymes to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Lv
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China.,Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | | | - Jie Hou
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Tong-Yi Dou
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wen-Zhong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Cheng Y, Zhou J, Wang M, Liu Y, Guo B, Chen B. Single-shot multi-reaction monitoring of intact marker conjugates for quantitative profiling of human major microsomal glucuronidations and its utility to screen inhibitors from medicinal herbs. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:8117-8132. [PMID: 27604270 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9915-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) is a polymorphic family of conjugating enzymes responsible for the elimination of a myriad of xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. The precise reaction phenotyping of this multi-isoform superfamily is hampered by a lack of fast generic methods for directly measuring the diverse glucuronoconjugate metabolites for comprehensive profiling of UGT isoform-specific glucuronidations. We report here a single-shot liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method enabling the simultaneous direct measurement of nine intact glucuronides from hepatic microsomal glucuronidations mediated by a battery of isoforms (1A1, 1A3, 1A4, 1A6, 1A9, 2B7, 2B10, 2B15, and 2B17), which represent the majority of human UGTs in drug metabolism. This new method is based on post-incubation pooling of the individual probe reaction samples for nine-in-one cassette analysis with polarity switching multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of all the marker glucuronides within a single LC-MS/MS injection. The pooled sample strategy overcomes the cross-interferences among the cocktail substrates and also increases the throughput. The periodic polarity switching of the LC-MRM acquisition expands the glucuronide profiling coverage using a generic single-run analysis. The source-induced dissociation of the glucuronoconjugates was evaluated as a generic alternative for their quantitation as their free aglycones, but a significant bias occurs against the traditional assumption that the parent substrates could be used as the surrogates for quantifying their glucuronide metabolites without authentic standards. After collective validations for analyte quantitation and enzyme kinetics, this single-shot cassette quantitative profiling approach may prove useful in large-scale phenotyping of human glucuronidations and rapid screening for UGT inhibitors in natural products. Graphical abstract Multi-reaction monitoring of intact conjugate metabolites for quantitative profiling of human major glucuronidations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Meiling Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Bin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China.
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
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Ackermann U, Sigmund D, Yeoh SD, Rigopoulos A, O'Keefe G, Cartwright G, White J, Scott AM, Tochon-Danguy HJ. Synthesis of 2-[(4-[18F]Fluorobenzoyloxy)methyl]-1,4-naphthalenedione from 2-hydroxymethyl 1,4-naphthoquinone and 4-[18F]fluorobenzoic acid using dicyclohexyl carbodiimide. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Angela Rigopoulos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch; Melbourne; Australia
| | | | - Glenn Cartwright
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch; Melbourne; Australia
| | - Jonathan White
- The University of Melbourne; Bio21 Institute; Melbourne; Australia
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Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for measurement of nicotine N-glucuronide: A marker for human UGT2B10 inhibition. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 55:964-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Jancova P, Anzenbacher P, Anzenbacherova E. Phase II drug metabolizing enzymes. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2010; 154:103-16. [PMID: 20668491 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2010.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phase II biotransformation reactions (also 'conjugation reactions') generally serve as a detoxifying step in drug metabolism. Phase II drug metabolising enzymes are mainly transferases. This review covers the major phase II enzymes: UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, sulfotransferases, N-acetyltransferases, glutathione S-transferases and methyltransferases (mainly thiopurine S-methyl transferase and catechol O-methyl transferase). The focus is on the presence of various forms, on tissue and cellular distribution, on the respective substrates, on genetic polymorphism and finally on the interspecies differences in these enzymes. METHODS AND RESULTS A literature search using the following databases PubMed, Science Direct and EBSCO for the years, 1969-2010. CONCLUSIONS Phase II drug metabolizing enzymes play an important role in biotransformation of endogenous compounds and xenobiotics to more easily excretable forms as well as in the metabolic inactivation of pharmacologically active compounds. Reduced metabolising capacity of Phase II enzymes can lead to toxic effects of clinically used drugs. Gene polymorphism/ lack of these enzymes may often play a role in several forms of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Jancova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Argikar UA, Iwuchukwu OF, Nagar S. Update on tools for evaluation of uridine diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase polymorphisms. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2008; 4:879-94. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.4.7.879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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