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Xu Y, Li J, Liu Y, Wu W. Construction and Curing Behavior of Underwater In Situ Repairing Coatings for Offshore Structures. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:306. [PMID: 38337196 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of polymeric materials for the repair and reinforcement of damaged sites in water has many practical applications, especially in ocean engineering. However, it is difficult to construct an anticorrosion coating in water. In addition, curing kinetics, which are the key to enhance the performance of coatings, seem to hardly be observed and regulated in an underwater condition. Herein, a novel underwater in situ repairing coating was prepared. Meanwhile, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was applied to observe its curing behavior underwater. Adhesion tests showed that the coatings cured underwater had good adhesion to different substrate surfaces and the ideal ratio of curing agent to epoxy resin was 0.6. Long-term anticorrosive tests demonstrated that the coatings had an excellent anti-corrosion performance. The viscosity changes in different curing stages were well reflected by frequency response characteristics from Bode and Nyquist curves by EIS. Two equivalent electrical circuits were selected to simulate the impedance date at the initial and final curing stage. A formula was put forward to evaluate the curing degree during the curing process. Finally, the effects of temperature and the ingredient ratio on the reaction rate and curing degree were also investigated here. This underwater in situ repairing coating may find applications in many offshore engineering structures in marine environments, and the EIS technique has attractive development and application prospects when observing the curing information of thermosetting resin systems under special circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Materials of Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Jiangbo Li
- Engineering Center for Superlubricity, Jihua Laboratory, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Yanxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Materials of Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Engineering Center for Superlubricity, Jihua Laboratory, Foshan 528200, China
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2
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Szymaszek P, Tomal W, Świergosz T, Kamińska-Borek I, Popielarz R, Ortyl J. Review of quantitative and qualitative methods for monitoring photopolymerization reactions. Polym Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01538b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Authomatic in-situ monitoring and characterization of photopolymerization.
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3
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Enhancing resin-dentin bond durability using a novel mussel-inspired monomer. Mater Today Bio 2021; 12:100174. [PMID: 34901824 PMCID: PMC8640517 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous approaches have been developed to improve the resin-dentin bond performance, among which the bio-application of mussel-derived compounds have drawn great attention recently. To assess the performance of N-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)methacrylamide (DMA), a mussel-derived compound, as a functional monomer in dental adhesive, its potential property to cross-link with dentin collagen and polymerize with adhesive will first be evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), attenuated total reflectance technique of Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) via Peakforce QNM mode. After validating the influence of DMA on collagen and adhesive separately, the overall performance of DMA/ethanol solution as a primer in dentin bonding was examined using micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) testing, fracture pattern observation, and nanoleakage evaluation both immediately and after 10,000 times thermocycling aging. The inhibitory effect of DMA on endogenous metalloproteinases (MMPs) was evaluated by in situ zymography using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and the cytotoxicity of DMA was evaluated using cell counting kit-8. Results demonstrated that DMA successfully cross-linked with dentin collagen via non-covalent bonds and had no influence on the polymerization and mechanical properties of the adhesive. Furthermore, even after 10,000 times thermocycling aging, the μTBS and nanoleakage expression of the DMA-treated groups showed no significant change compared with their immediate values. In situ zymography revealed reduced endogenous proteolytic activities after the application of DMA, and no cytotoxicity effect was observed for DMA concentration up to 25 μmol/L. Thus, DMA could be used as a novel, biocompatible functional monomer in dentin bonding. DMA acts as a functional monomer in dentin bonding system with high biocompatibility. DMA connects the adhesive and collagen network to resist various external attacks. DMA/ethanol inhibits the activity of MMPs and improve resin-dentin bond durability.
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4
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Peng X, Zhang J, Stachurski ZH, Banaszak Holl MM, Xiao P. Visible-Light-Sensitive Triazine-Coated Silica Nanoparticles: A Dual Role Approach to Polymer Nanocomposite Materials with Enhanced Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:46033-46042. [PMID: 34530612 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposite materials are of great interest because of their superior properties. Besides the traditional synthesis methods that require high temperatures or toxic solvents, photopolymerization technology provides a simple, low-cost, and environmentally friendly route in preparing nanocomposites. In this research, the preparation of blue-light-sensitive triazine derivative-coated silica nanoparticles is presented. The resulting triazine-coated silica nanoparticles can play a dual role, i.e., acting as both photoinitiators to trigger photopolymerization reactions under the irradiation of LED@410 nm and fillers to endow the produced photopolymer nanocomposite materials with enhanced properties. Specifically, the triazine-coated silica nanoparticles can successfully induce free radical polymerization of trimethylolpropane triacrylate efficiently under the irradiation of LED@410 nm and demonstrate comparable photoinitiation ability to the triazine derivative-based photoinitiator. The effects of different loading amounts of triazine-coated silica nanoparticles toward the photopolymerization kinetics are also evaluated. By coating with the triazine derivative, the nanoparticles show good dispersion in the polymer matrix and significantly reduce the shrinkage of the samples during the photopolymerization. Moreover, the photocured nanocomposites exhibit enhanced migration stability and mechanical properties when an optimal amount of triazine-coated silica nanoparticles is added in the formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Peng
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Zbigniew H Stachurski
- Research School of Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Mark M Banaszak Holl
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Pu Xiao
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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5
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In-situ dielectric cure monitoring as a method of measuring the influence of cure temperature on natural rubber vulcanization. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Development of Steps in an Automated Process Chain for Piezoceramic-Metal Compound Production. JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING AND MATERIALS PROCESSING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/jmmp3010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The potential of adaptronic applications has been proven in many conceptual studies. A broad use in high-efficiency branches is often hindered by the absence of an appropriate assembly method. Especially for piezoceramic foil transducers, the application on structural parts can be simplified using a semi-finished part that includes the transducer. The part is then shaped in a final forming operation. The purpose of the present study is the investigation of process limits in automated process chains for producing semi-finished parts. An adhesive is used in the process, which is only locally cured. This bi-conditioned state is achieved using cooling and heating elements. The process limits are mainly affected by the choice of temperature and curing time between adhesive application and forming operation. Several tests with a rotational rheometer were carried out to investigate the curing behavior. An appropriate process window was identified varying processing time and temperature. The results were then used to build a model of the curing behavior. A mathematical approach had to be used to find the best configuration because no sharp border exists between the two adhesive conditions of liquid and solid state. The process parameters were proven with runs inside and outside of the process limits.
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Silva Prezotto AF, Silva DB, Vitti RP, Sinhoreti MAC, Brandt WC. Light curing and ratio of glass/fumed silica fillers on degree of conversion and mechanical properties of experimental composite resins. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. F. Silva Prezotto
- University of CampinasPiracicaba Dental School, Department Restorative Dentistry Piracicaba SP Brazil
| | - D. B. Silva
- University of Santo AmaroSchool of Dentistry, Department of Implantology São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - R. P. Vitti
- University of TaubatéSchool of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics Taubaté SP Brazil
| | - M. A. C. Sinhoreti
- University of CampinasPiracicaba Dental School, Department Restorative Dentistry Piracicaba SP Brazil
| | - W. C. Brandt
- University of Santo Amaro, School of DentistryDepartment of Implantology São Paulo SP Brazil
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8
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Drost T, Reimann S, Frentzen M, Meister J. Effectiveness of photopolymerization in composite resins using a novel 445-nm diode laser in comparison to LED and halogen bulb technology. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 34:729-736. [PMID: 30291465 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2651-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Challenges especially in the minimal invasive restorative treatment of teeth require further developments of composite polymerization techniques. These include, among others, the securing of a complete polymerization with moderate thermal stress for the pulp. The aim of this study is to compare current light curing sources with a blue diode laser regarding curing depth and heat generation during the polymerization process. A diode laser (445 nm), a LED, and a halogen lamp were used for polymerizing composite resins. The curing depth was determined according to the norm ISO 4049. Laser output powers of 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2 W were chosen. The laser beam diameter was adapted to the glass rod of the LED and the halogen lamp (8 mm). The irradiation time was fixed at 40 s. To ascertain ΔT values, the surface and ground area temperatures of the cavities were simultaneously determined during the curing via a thermography camera and a thermocouple. The curing depths for the LED (3.3 mm), halogen lamp (3.1 mm) and laser(0.5/1 W) (3/3.3 mm) showed no significant differences (p < 0.05). The values of ΔTsurface as well as ΔTground also showed no significant differences among LED, halogen lamp, and laser(1 W). The ΔTsurface values were 4.1LED, 4.3halogen lamp, and 4.5 °C for the laser while the ΔTground values were 2.7LED, 2.6halogen lamp, and 2.9 °C for the laser. The results indicate that the blue diode laser (445 nm) is a feasible alternative for photopolymerization of complex composite resin restorations in dentistry by the use of selected laser parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Drost
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Bonn University, Dental Faculty, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne Reimann
- Oral Technology, Bonn University, Dental Faculty, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Frentzen
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Bonn University, Dental Faculty, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jörg Meister
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Bonn University, Dental Faculty, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany.
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9
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Germscheid W, de Gorre LG, Sullivan B, O’Neill C, Price RB, Labrie D. Post-curing in dental resin-based composites. Dent Mater 2018; 34:1367-1377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Chueangchayaphan N, Nithi-Uthai N, Techakittiroj K, Manuspiya H. Evaluation of dielectric cure monitoring for in situ measurement of natural rubber vulcanization. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.22122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narong Chueangchayaphan
- Department of Rubber Technology and Polymer Science; Faculty of Science and Technology; Prince of Songkla University; Pattani Thailand
| | - Nattapong Nithi-Uthai
- Department of Rubber Technology and Polymer Science; Faculty of Science and Technology; Prince of Songkla University; Pattani Thailand
| | - Kittiphan Techakittiroj
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; Assumption University; Samut Prakan Thailand
| | - Hathaikarn Manuspiya
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
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11
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Zhang X, Xi W, Gao G, Wang X, Stansbury JW, Bowman CN. o-Nitrobenzyl-Based Photobase Generators: Efficient Photoinitiators for Visible-Light Induced Thiol-Michael Addition Photopolymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:852-857. [PMID: 35650759 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution, three o-nitrobenzyl-based photobase systems were synthesized and evaluated for visible light initiated thiol-Michael addition polymerizations. With a modified structure, the (3,4-methylenedioxy-6-nitrophenyl)-propyloxycarbonyl (MNPPOC) protected base performance exceeds that of the nonsubstituted 2-(2-nitrophenyl)-propyloxycarbonyl (NPPOC) protected base and an ITX sensitized photobase system, with respect to both long-wavelength light sensitivity and photolytic efficiency. In material synthesis, MNPPOC-TMG is capable of initiating photo thiol-Michael polymerization efficiently and orthogonally with only limited visible light exposure and generating a highly homogeneous cross-linked polymer network. This approach enables the thiol-Michael "click" reaction to be conducted with a low-energy, visible light irradiation and, thus, expands its applications in biocompatible and UV sensitive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 596, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Weixian Xi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 596, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Guangzhe Gao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 596, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Xiance Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 596, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jeffrey W. Stansbury
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 596, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Christopher N. Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 596, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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12
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Xu Y, Zhang J, Wang H, Xie D. Preparation of a low viscosity urethane-based composite for improved dental restoratives. Dent Mater J 2018; 37:400-407. [PMID: 29553122 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2017-162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Several new urethane-based dimethacrylates were synthesized, characterized and used to formulate the resin composites. Compressive strength (CS) was used as a screen tool to evaluate the mechanical property of the formed composites. Flexural strength, diametral tensile strength, water sorption, degree of conversion and shrinkage of the composites were also evaluated. The results show that most of the synthesized urethane-based dimethacrylates were solid, which are not suitable to dental filling restorations. However, it was found that liquid urethane-based dimethacrylates could be derivatized using asymmetrical methacrylate synthesis. Not only the newly synthesized urethane-based dimethacrylates showed lower viscosity values but also their constructed composites exhibited higher mechanical strengths. Without triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) addition, the new urethane-constructed composites showed significantly lower water sorption and shrinkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Xu
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytech University.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis
| | - Juntao Zhang
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytech University
| | - Haibo Wang
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytech University
| | - Dong Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis
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13
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Dong X, Hu P, Shen W, Li Z, Liu R, Liu X. Carbanion as a Superbase for Catalyzing Thiol⁻Epoxy Photopolymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E400. [PMID: 30965703 PMCID: PMC6418981 DOI: 10.3390/polym9090400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Photobase generator (PBG)-mediated thiol⁻epoxy photopolymerization has received widedspread attention due to its versatility in various applications. Currently, nearly all reported PBGs release amines as active species. The formed amines induce odor, yellowing, and potential toxicity. In this study, a series of novel thioxanthone-based PBGs, which were able to generate carbanion via decarboxylation under LED light irradiation, were designed and straightforwardly prepared. The formed carbanion can be used as a superbase to catalyze thiol⁻epoxy polymerization efficiently. Investigation on ¹H NMR and FT-IR confirmed the generation of carbanion intermediates. The counteranion significantly affected the photodecarboxylation efficiency. The study of photopolymerization tests, based on real-time FT-IR and dielectric analysis measurements, indicated that the generated carbanion exhibited faster polymerization rate and higher epoxy conversion than traditional superbase 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU). In differential scanning calorimeter, thermogravimetric, and nanoindentation tests, comparable thermal and mechanical properties of the photocured films catalyzed by novel PBGs were obtained. The high initiation ability combined with straightforward synthesis makes these PBGs promising candidates for commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Petrochemical New Materials, AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetism Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246013, Anhui, China.
| | - Peng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Weizhen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhiquan Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ren Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaoya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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14
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Xu Y, Wang H, Xie D. Preparation of new low viscosity urethane dimethacrylates for dental composites. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2017; 29:1011-1025. [PMID: 28784029 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2017.1364098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Urethane-based polymers are very biocompatible in many biomedical applications. This study reports the synthesis of new low viscosity urethane dimethacrylates and evaluation of the formed composites. New urethane dimethacrylates were synthesized and formulated to form the composites. Compressive strength was used as a primary tool to evaluate the mechanical property. Water sorption, solubility, degree of conversion, flexural strengths and shrinkage were also investigated. It was found that liquid urethane dimethacrylates could be synthesized by derivatizing isocyanates with asymmetrical methacrylates. By eliminating diluent triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, the new urethane dimethacrylate-composed composites showed significantly higher modulus, lower water sorption, lower solubility and lower shrinkage, as compared to commercial BisGMA- and UDMA-based ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Xu
- a College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Wuhan Polytech University , Wuhan , China.,b Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology , Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis , Indianapolis , IN , USA
| | - Haibo Wang
- a College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Wuhan Polytech University , Wuhan , China
| | - Dong Xie
- b Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology , Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis , Indianapolis , IN , USA
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Par M, Šantić A, Gamulin O, Marovic D, Moguš-Milanković A, Tarle Z. Impedance changes during setting of amorphous calcium phosphate composites. Dent Mater 2016; 32:1312-1321. [PMID: 27524232 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the electrical properties of experimental light-curable composite materials based on amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) with the admixture of silanized barium glass and silica fillers. METHODS Short-term setting was investigated by impedance measurements at a frequency of 1kHz, while for the long-term setting the impedance spectra were measured consecutively over a frequency range of 0.05Hz to 1MHz for 24h. The analysis of electrical resistivity changes during curing allowed the extraction of relevant kinetic parameters. The impedance results were correlated to the degree of conversion assessed by Raman spectroscopy, water content determined by gravimetry, light transmittance measured by CCD spectrometer and microstructural features observed by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS ACP-based composites have shown higher immediate degree of conversion and less post-cure polymerization than the control composites, but lower polymerization rate. The polymerization rate assessed by impedance measurements correlated well with the light transmittance. The differences in the electrical conductivity values observed among the materials were correlated to the amount of water introduced into composites by the ACP filler. High correlation was found between the degree of conversion and electrical resistivity. Equivalent circuit modeling revealed two electrical contributions for the ACP-based composites and a single contribution for the control composites. SIGNIFICANCE The impedance spectroscopy has proven a valuable method for gaining insight into various features of ACP-based composites. Better understanding of the properties of ACP-based composites should further the development of these promising bioactive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Par
- Private Dental Practice, Dankovecka 9, 10040 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ana Šantić
- Glass Laboratory, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ozren Gamulin
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 3b, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Danijela Marovic
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | - Zrinka Tarle
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Par M, Marovic D, Skenderovic H, Gamulin O, Klaric E, Tarle Z. Light transmittance and polymerization kinetics of amorphous calcium phosphate composites. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:1173-1182. [PMID: 27315056 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1880-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated light transmittance and polymerization kinetics of experimental remineralizing composite materials based on amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), reinforced with inert fillers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Light-curable composites were composed of Bis-EMA-TEGDMA-HEMA resin and ACP, barium glass, and silica fillers. Additionally, a commercial composite Tetric EvoCeram was used as a reference. Light transmittance was recorded in real-time during curing, and transmittance curves were used to assess polymerization kinetics. To obtain additional information on polymerization kinetics, temperature rise was monitored in real-time during curing and degree of conversion was measured immediately and 24 h post-cure. RESULTS Light transmittance values of 2-mm thick samples of uncured ACP composites (2.3-2.9 %) were significantly lower than those of the commercial composite (3.8 %). The ACP composites presented a considerable transmittance rise during curing, resulting in post-cure transmittance values similar to or higher than those of the commercial composite (5.5-7.9 vs. 5.4 %). The initial part of light transmittance curves of experimental composites showed a linear rise that lasted for 7-20 s. Linear fitting was performed to obtain a function whose slope was assessed as a measure of polymerization rate. Comparison of transmittance and temperature curves showed that the linear transmittance rise lasted throughout the most part of the pre-vitrification period. CONCLUSIONS The linear rise of light transmittance during curing has not been reported in previous studies and may indicate a unique kinetic behavior, characterized by a long period of nearly constant polymerization rate. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The observed kinetic behavior may result in slower development of polymerization shrinkage stress but also inferior mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Par
- Private Dental Practice, Dankovecka 9/I, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Danijela Marovic
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ozren Gamulin
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 3b, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Eva Klaric
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Tarle
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, Zagreb, Croatia
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Steinhaus J, Hausnerova B, Haenel T, Selig D, Duvenbeck F, Moeginger B. Correlation of shear and dielectric ion viscosity of dental resins - Influence of composition, temperature and filler content. Dent Mater 2016; 32:899-907. [PMID: 27130611 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Shear viscosity and ion viscosity of uncured visible light-curing (VLC) resins and resin based composites (RBC) are correlated with respect to the resin composition, temperature and filler content to check where Dielectric Analysis (DEA) investigations of VLC RBC generate similar results as viscosity measurements. METHODS Mixtures of bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) as well as the pure resins were investigated and compared with two commercial VLC dental resins and RBCs (VOCO, Arabesk Top and Grandio). Shear viscosity data was obtained using a Haake Mars III, Thermo Scientific. Ion viscosity measurements performed by a dielectric cure analyzer (DEA 231/1 Epsilon with Mini IDEX-Sensor, Netzsch-Gerätebau). RESULTS Shear viscosity depends reciprocally on the mobility of molecules, whereas the ion viscosity also depends on the ion concentration as it is affected by both ion concentration and mixture viscosity. Except of pure TEGDMA, shear and ion viscosities depend on the resin composition qualitatively in a similar manner. Furthermore, shear and ion viscosities of the commercial VLC dental resins and composites exhibited the same temperature dependency regardless of filler content. Application of typical rheological models (Kitano and Quemada) revealed that ion viscosity measurements can be described with respect to filler contents of up to 30vol.%. SIGNIFICANCE Rheological behavior of a VLC RBC can be characterized by DEA under the condition that the ion concentration is kept constant. Both methods address the same physical phenomenon - motion of molecules. The proposed relations allows for calculating the viscosity of any Bis-GMA-TEGDMA mixture on the base of the viscosities of the pure components. This study demonstrated the applicability of DEA investigations of VLC RBCs with respect to quality assurance purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Steinhaus
- University Institute, Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Zlín, Czech Republic; Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Berenika Hausnerova
- University Institute, Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Zlín, Czech Republic; Faculty of Technology, Department of Production Engineering, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Thomas Haenel
- University Institute, Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Zlín, Czech Republic; Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Daniela Selig
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Fabian Duvenbeck
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Bernhard Moeginger
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Rheinbach, Germany
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Photopolymerization of highly filled dimethacrylate-based composites using Type I or Type II photoinitiators and varying co-monomer ratios. Dent Mater 2016; 32:136-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Jin J, Wei G, Hao A, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Chen Q. ZnO–AlBw-reinforced dental resin composites: the effect of pH level on mechanical properties. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01413a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Silanized ZnO–AlBws were synthesized and manually mixed by spatulation with a dental resin monomer consisting of UDMA, TEGDMA, CQ and DMAEMA. The paste was placed into a steel mold, and the specimens were cured by light at atmospheric pressure to make flexural specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology
- Department of Periodontology
- School of Stomatology
- The Fourth Military Medical University
- Xian
| | - Gaoyan Wei
- Dept. of Stomatology
- Kunming General Hospital of PLA
- Kunming 650032
- China
- Clinical College of Kunming Medical University
| | - Ailian Hao
- Kunming Municipal Stomatology Hospital
- Kunming 650011
- China
| | - Wenyun Zhang
- Dept. of Stomatology
- Kunming General Hospital of PLA
- Kunming 650032
- China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry
- School of Stomatology
- The Fourth Military Medical University
- Xian
| | - Qintao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology
- Department of Periodontology
- School of Stomatology
- The Fourth Military Medical University
- Xian
| | - Qinghua Chen
- Faculty of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650093
- China
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Steinhaus J, Moeginger B, Großgarten M, Rosentritt M, Hausnerova B. Dielectric analysis of depth dependent curing behavior of dental resin composites. Dent Mater 2014; 30:679-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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