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Milluzzo A, Barchitta M, Maugeri A, Agodi A, Sciacca L. Body Mass Index is related to short-term retinal worsening in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with anticancer drugs. Minerva Endocrinol (Torino) 2024; 49:76-84. [PMID: 35103455 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6507.22.03653-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In cancer patients with diabetes, anticancer drugs (ADs) may negatively affect the course of diabetes vascular complications. The short-term effects of ADs on type 2 diabetes (T2DM) retinopathy are poorly known. This study evaluated the short-term effects of different classes of ADs on diabetic retinopathy (DR) and clinical risk factors for retinal worsening (RW) in cancer patients affected by T2DM. METHODS Retrospective single-center study evaluating 168 patients with T2DM and cancer. The diagnosis of T2DM preceded those of cancer in all patients. We evaluated the retinal short-term effects within the six months after the first-line ADs treatment. RESULTS After ADs, 6% of patients had a short-term RW. BMI is positively associated with the risk of RW (OR 1.45, 95% confidence interval: 1.1-1.9, P<0.005). Patients treated with alkylating agents and topoisomerase inhibitors have an increased risk of RW (P=0.049 and P=0.057, respectively) and a significantly higher HDL level (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this study is the first investigating the short-term impact of ADs on DR of T2DM patients. Moreover, we provide information arose from a real-world setting. As confirmed by other studies, these findings could help to identify patients at risk for short-term RW, who should be promptly referred to the ophthalmologist for the prevention of visual impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Milluzzo
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy -
| | - Martina Barchitta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Maugeri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonella Agodi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Laura Sciacca
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Ke J, Li K, Cao B. A Nomogram for Predicting Vision-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy Among Mild Diabetic Retinopathy Patients: A Case-Control and Prospective Study of Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:275-283. [PMID: 36760600 PMCID: PMC9888403 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s394607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aims to develop a nomogram for predicting vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In case-control analysis, 440 patients with mild NPDR or VTDR were enrolled to identify predictors and develop a nomogram. In the prospective cohort, 120 T2DM patients with mild NPDR were enrolled for external validation. Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) were calculated to evaluate the predictive performance of the nomogram. RESULTS In case-control analysis, 2-h C-peptide (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.75 to 0.95, p = 0.006), sural nerve conduction impaired (SNCI) (mildly: OR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.10 to 4.33, p = 0.026; moderately/severely: 3.66, 95% CI: 1.74 to 7.70, p < 0.001) and UACR (microalbuminuria: OR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.25 to 4.48, p = 0.008; macroalbuminuria: 4.02, 95% CI: 1.61 to 10.06, p = 0.003) were identified as independent predictors. The concordance index of the prediction nomogram was 0.76 in the training set. In the test set, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were 84.8%, 60.6%, and 0.73, respectively. In the prospective cohort, median follow-up period was 42 months, and 15 patients (12.5%) developed VTDR. Sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of prediction were 66.7%, 89.5%, and 0.75, respectively. CONCLUSION Introducing 2-h C-peptide, UACR, and SNCI, the nomogram demonstrated a good discriminatory power for predicting risk of VTDR in mild NPDR individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ke
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, 101149, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Li
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, 101149, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Cao
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, 101149, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Bin Cao, Tel +86-10-6954-3901, Email
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Liu Z, Shao M, Ren J, Qiu Y, Li S, Cao W. Association Between Increased Lipid Profiles and Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy in a Population-Based Case-Control Study. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:3433-3446. [PMID: 35711238 PMCID: PMC9197172 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s361613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to investigate the association between lipid profiles and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Patients and Methods This case-control study, which was conducted between November 2019 and August 2021, comprised 309 patients with DR, 186 patients with diabetes mellitus, and 172 healthy controls. Serum cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TRIG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), small dense LDL-C (SDLDL-C), apolipoprotein A (APOA), APOB, APOE and lipoprotein (a)(LPA) levels were assessed. Patients were divided into two groups according to median age and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level. Linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between lipid levels and DR. Results CHOL, TRIG, HDL-C, APOB, APOE, and SDLDL-C levels were significantly higher in the DR group than in the healthy control group, and TRIG levels were lower in the DR group than in the DM group (P < 0.05), especially in the ≤57-year-old and the HbA1c ≤7.2% subgroups. Linear regression analyses showed that CHOL, TRIG, APOA, APOB, APOE, and SDLDL-C levels were associated with HbA1c levels. Multivariable logistic regression analyses indicated that CHOL (odds ratio [OR] = 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.112–1.566), TRIG (OR = 1.269, 95% CI = 1.030–1.563), HDL-C (OR = 43.744, 95% CI = 17.12–111.769), APOB (OR = 7.037, 95% CI = 3.370–14.695), APOE (OR = 1.057, 95% CI = 1.038–1.077), and SDLDL-C (OR = 14.719, 95% CI = 8.304–26.088) levels were risk factors for DR (P < 0.05). Conclusion Increased lipid levels were risk factors for DR, and lipid level control should be strengthened, especially in younger adults or in patients with HbA1c ≤7.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Eye and Ear Nose Throat (ENT) Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxi Shao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Eye and Ear Nose Throat (ENT) Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Eye and Ear Nose Throat (ENT) Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichao Qiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Eye and Ear Nose Throat (ENT) Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengjie Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Eye and Ear Nose Throat (ENT) Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Eye and Ear Nose Throat (ENT) Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Saputro SA, Pattanaprateep O, Pattanateepapon A, Karmacharya S, Thakkinstian A. Prognostic models of diabetic microvascular complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2021; 10:288. [PMID: 34724973 PMCID: PMC8561867 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-021-01841-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many prognostic models of diabetic microvascular complications have been developed, but their performances still varies. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarise the performances of the existing models. METHODS Prognostic models of diabetic microvascular complications were retrieved from PubMed and Scopus up to 31 December 2020. Studies were selected, if they developed or internally/externally validated models of any microvascular complication in type 2 diabetes (T2D). RESULTS In total, 71 studies were eligible, of which 32, 30 and 18 studies initially developed prognostic model for diabetic retinopathy (DR), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end stage renal disease (ESRD) with the number of derived equations of 84, 96 and 51, respectively. Most models were derived-phases, some were internal and external validations. Common predictors were age, sex, HbA1c, diabetic duration, SBP and BMI. Traditional statistical models (i.e. Cox and logit regression) were mostly applied, otherwise machine learning. In cohorts, the discriminative performance in derived-logit was pooled with C statistics of 0.82 (0.73‑0.92) for DR and 0.78 (0.74‑0.83) for CKD. Pooled Cox regression yielded 0.75 (0.74‑0.77), 0.78 (0.74‑0.82) and 0.87 (0.84‑0.89) for DR, CKD and ESRD, respectively. External validation performances were sufficiently pooled with 0.81 (0.78‑0.83), 0.75 (0.67‑0.84) and 0.87 (0.85‑0.88) for DR, CKD and ESRD, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Several prognostic models were developed, but less were externally validated. A few studies derived the models by using appropriate methods and were satisfactory reported. More external validations and impact analyses are required before applying these models in clinical practice. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42018105287.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigit Ari Saputro
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Road, Pyathai, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.,Department of Epidemiology Biostatistics Population and Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Oraluck Pattanaprateep
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Road, Pyathai, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Anuchate Pattanateepapon
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Road, Pyathai, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Swekshya Karmacharya
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Road, Pyathai, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Ammarin Thakkinstian
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Road, Pyathai, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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Feng RF, Liu HY, Liu YL, Xu Q, Qiao L, Gong CJ, Zhang YP, Li J, Guan LN, Fan W, Li ML, Li WJ, Li SY. Diabetes onset at an earlier age and high HbA1c levels as risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:269-276. [PMID: 33614457 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.02.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the effect of age at diabetes onset and uncontrollable high HbA1c levels on the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. METHODS This was a cross-sectional survey of diabetic patients in Subei district, China. Data covering physical measurements, fasting blood-glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood lipid, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR), ocular fundus examination, and diabetes treatment records were collected. An independent sample t-test were used to analyze differences. A Logistic regression analysis was applied to study the independent risk factors of DR. RESULTS A total of 1282 patients with type 2 DM were enrolled, and 191 cases had DR (14.9%). The age at diabetes onset, education level, alcohol consumption, HbA1c level, UACR level, and hypoglycemic drugs were independent influencing factors for DR. The older the onset of diabetes, the less likely to develop DR (OR: 0.958, 95%CI: 0.942-0.975, P=0.000). Patients were then divided in terms of age at diabetes onset as follows: <50y, 50-59y, 60-69y, and ≥70y. Compared with diabetes onset age <50y, 50-59y (OR: 0.463, 95%CI: 0.306-0.699, P=0.000), 60-69y (OR: 0.329, 95%CI: 0.203-0.535, P=0.000) and ≥70y (OR: 0.232, 95%CI: 0.094-0.577, P=0.002) were at a lower risk of DR. The prevalence of DR was highest in patients with diabetes onset age <50y (29.5%, P<0.05). The HbA1c level (8.67±1.97)% and proportion of insulin injection (52.5%) in patients with diabetes onset <40y were higher than in patients with older diabetes onset age (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Diabetes onset at an earlier age and uncontrollable high HbA1c level could be independent risk factors for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Fang Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Xuzhou Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hai-Yang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Xuzhou Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ya-Lu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Xuzhou Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Xuzhou Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Qiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Xuzhou Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chao-Ju Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Xuzhou Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi-Peng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Xuzhou Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Xuzhou Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li-Na Guan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Xuzhou Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Xuzhou Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mei-Li Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Xuzhou Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wen-Jin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Xuzhou Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Su-Yan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Xuzhou Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Institute, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
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Shiferaw WS, Akalu TY, Desta M, Kassie AM, Petrucka PM, Assefa HK, Aynalem YA. Glycated hemoglobin A1C level and the risk of diabetic retinopathy in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:1941-1949. [PMID: 33039936 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diabetic retinopathy is a frequent cause of acquired blindness worldwide. Various studies have reported the effects of glycemic control on the risk of diabetic retinopathy, but the results remain inconclusive. Therefore, this meta-analysis was performed to determine the association between glycated hemoglobin A1C levels and diabetic retinopathy in Africa. METHODS A systematic search was performed using the PubMed, African Journals Online, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Wiley Online Library from inception to June 11, 2020, for observational studies addressing the association of hemoglobin A1c levels with diabetic retinopathy. The I2 statistic was used to check heterogeneity across the included studies. A random-effects model was applied to estimate the pooled effect size (OR) and respective 95% confidence interval across studies. A funnel plot and Egger's regression test were used to determine the presence of publication bias. Sensitivity analysis was used to determine the effect of a single study on the overall estimation. All statistical analyses were performed using STATA™ Version 14 software. RESULT A total of 23 articles with 18,099 study participants were included in this meta-analysis. In the present review, when HbA1c was analyzed as a categorical variable, poor glycemic control (HbA1c >7%) was associated with an increased risk of diabetic retinopathy when compared with good glycemic control (OR = 1.25; 95% CI; 1.14, 1.38). Similarly, when HbA1c was analyzed as a continuous variable, a higher HbA1c was associated with an increased risk of diabetic retinopathy (MD: 0.42, 95% CI; 0.11, 0.98). CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis indicated evidence for poor glycemic control as an independent risk factor for the development of diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the authors suggest that clinicians should advise their patients with diabetes to maintain their HbA1c levels within the normal range.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tadesse Yirga Akalu
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, Ethiopia
| | - Melaku Desta
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Hilina Ketema Assefa
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Berhan University, Ethiopia
| | - Yared Asmare Aynalem
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Berhan University, Ethiopia
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Shawahna R, Shanti Y, Al Zabadi H, Sharabati M, Alawneh A, Shaqu R, Taha I, Bustami A. Prevalence and association of clinical characteristics and biochemical factors with complications of diabetes mellitus in Palestinians treated in primary healthcare practice. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2018; 12:693-704. [PMID: 29693548 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The current study was carried out to examine prevalence of complications related to diabetes mellitus (DM) and to investigate association between clinical variables and biochemical factors with complications of DM in patients treated in primary healthcare settings in the West Bank of Palestine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sociodemographic, clinical, and biochemical variables were collected from 385 patients visiting 17 primary healthcare settings in the West Bank. Patients provided blood and urine samples, responded to a questionnaire interview, and were subjected to ophthalmic examination. RESULTS HbA1c levels were predicted by duration of DM (p < 0.001), HDL (p = 0.011), alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.001), blood urea (p = 0.006), and LDL (p = 0.008). Triglycerides levels were predicted by blood urea (p = 0.002), HDL (p < 0.001), and total cholesterol (p < 0.001). GOT levels were predicted by LDL (p = 0.002) and GPT (p < 0.001). GPT levels were predicted by HDL (p = 0.003) and blood urea (p = 0.025). Urine albumin were predicted by total cholesterol (p = 0.001), LDL (p = 0.005), and blood urea (p = 0.036). CD ratio was predicted by the IOP and the IOP was predicted by the CD ratio (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of complications related to DM was high among patients with DM treated in primary healthcare practice. These complications and risk factors were predicted by certain clinical characteristics and biochemical factors. Policies and programs are needed to manage these modifiable risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Shawahna
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine; An-Najah BioSciences Unit, Centre for Poisons Control, Chemical and Biological Analyses, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - Yousef Shanti
- An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - Hamzeh Al Zabadi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mutassem Sharabati
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, (undergraduate program), An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Ammar Alawneh
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, (undergraduate program), An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Rakan Shaqu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, (undergraduate program), An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Ibrahim Taha
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, (undergraduate program), An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Adnan Bustami
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, (undergraduate program), An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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AbuMustafa AM. Clinical and Biochemical Associations with Diabetic Retinopathy in Male Patients in the Gaza Strip. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:302. [PMID: 29176961 PMCID: PMC5686081 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited data on the prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy (DR) in the Gaza Strip. OBJECTIVE To assesses clinical and biochemical associated with DR in males with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Gaza Strip. METHODS One hundred and fifty males with T2DM from the Gaza Strip underwent a questionnaire interview, serum biochemical analysis, and assessment of their previous urine and blood results. RESULTS The prevalence of DR was 24.7%. The duration of diabetes and prevalence of neuropathy, nephropathy, cardiovascular disease, and recurrent infections were significantly higher among patients with DR compared with those without DR (p < 0.05). Serum urea, creatinine, glucose, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly elevated, whilst eGFR and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly lower in patients with DR compared with patients without DR (p < 0.05). Urinary albumin concentration and albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) was higher in patients with DR. ACR correlated significantly with the duration of T2DM (r = 0.311, p < 0.001), glucose (r = 0.479, p < 0.001), urea (r = 0.337, p < 0.001), creatinine (r = 0.275, p = 0.001), and GFR (r = -0.275, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION These data show a high prevalence of DR in an unselected cohort of patients with T2DM and relationships to modifiable risk factors in Gaza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman M. AbuMustafa
- Department of Health Research, Human Resources Development, Ministry of Health, Gaza, Palestine
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