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Ferrer MS, Palomares RA, Hurley DJ, Norton N, Bullington AC, Hoyos-Jaramillo A, Bittar JHJ. Changes in serum testosterone and anti-Müllerian hormone concentration in bulls undergoing scrotal insulation. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2022; 78:106685. [PMID: 34634727 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2021.106685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
While changes in semen quality after heat stress are well characterized in the bull, changes in endocrine function have not been critically evaluated. It was hypothesized here that scrotal insulation results in alterations in Sertoli cell and Leydig cell function, as measured by changes in serum testosterone and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentration. Scrotal insulation bags were placed in 10 bulls for 8 d. Blood was collected on days -22 and -2, and weekly from days 5 to 96 (day 0 = first day of scrotal insulation) for measurement of serum concentration of AMH and testosterone using ELISA. The concentration of AMH decreased on day 5, followed by an increase on day 54 (P = 0.014). When AMH concentration was normalized to pre-insulation values, the percent increase in serum concentration of AMH was significant between days 26 and 54, with another peak at 75 d (P = 0.031). The serum concentration of testosterone (P = 0.0001) and the percentage of change in testosterone concentration (P < 0.0001) increased on day 5, followed by a decrease from days 33 to 96. Scrotal insulation was associated with Sertoli and Leydig cell dysfunction, as measured by serum testosterone and AMH concentration. The persistently low concentration of testosterone at the end of the study suggests a long term effect of scrotal insulation on Leydig cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Ferrer
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605.
| | - R A Palomares
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605
| | - D J Hurley
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605
| | - N Norton
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605
| | - A C Bullington
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605
| | - A Hoyos-Jaramillo
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605
| | - J H J Bittar
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605
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Coen SP, Keogh K, Byrne CJ, Lonergan P, Fair S, Crowe MA, Kenny DA. Effect of plane of nutrition during the first 12 weeks of life on growth, metabolic and reproductive hormone concentrations, and testicular relative mRNA abundance in preweaned Holstein Friesian bull calves. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6310164. [PMID: 34175920 PMCID: PMC8355607 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of nutrition during the first 12 wk of life on aspects of the physiological and transcriptional regulation of testicular and overall sexual development in the bull calf. Holstein Friesian bull calves with a mean (SD) age and bodyweight of 17.5 (2.85) d and 48.8 (5.30) kg, respectively, were assigned to either a high (HI; n = 15) or moderate (MOD; n = 15) plane of nutrition and were individually fed milk replacer and concentrate to achieve overall target growth rates of at least 1.0 and 0.5 kg/d, respectively. Throughout the trial, animal growth performance, feed intake, and systemic concentrations of metabolites, metabolic hormones, and reproductive hormones were assessed. Additionally, pulsatility of reproductive hormones (luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone) was recorded at 15-min intervals during a 10-h period at 10 wk of age. At 87 ± 2.14 d of age, all calves were euthanized, testes were weighed, and testicular tissue was harvested. Differential expression of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) candidate genes involved in testicular development was examined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays. All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure in Statistical Analysis Software using terms for treatment as well as time for repeated measures. Blood metabolites and metabolic hormones generally reflected the improved metabolic status of the calves on the HI plane of nutrition though the concentrations of reproductive hormones were not affected by diet. Calves on the HI diet had greater mean (SED) slaughter weight (112.4 vs. 87.70 [2.98] kg; P < 0.0001) and testicular tissue weight (29.2 vs. 20.1 [2.21] g; P = 0.0003) than those on the MOD diet. Relative mRNA abundance data indicated advanced testicular development through upregulation of genes involved in cellular metabolism (SIRT1; P = 0.0282), cholesterol biosynthesis (EBP; P = 0.007), testicular function (INSL3; P = 0.0077), and Sertoli cell development (CLDN11; P = 0.0054) in HI compared with MOD calves. In conclusion, results demonstrate that offering dairy-bred male calves a high plane of nutrition during the first 3 mo of life not only improves growth performance and metabolic status but also advances testicular development consistent with more precocious sexual maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Coen
- Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, County Meath, Ireland.,School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Kate Keogh
- Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, County Meath, Ireland
| | - Colin J Byrne
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Biological Sciences, Biomaterials Research Cluster, Bernal Institute, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Pat Lonergan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Sean Fair
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Biological Sciences, Biomaterials Research Cluster, Bernal Institute, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Mark A Crowe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David A Kenny
- Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, County Meath, Ireland
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Fuke N, Kitahara G, Ito S, Van Diep N, Ping Teh AP, Izzati UZ, Myint O, Hirai T, Torisu S, Kaneko Y, Sato H, Hidaka Y, Osawa T, Yamaguchi R. Severe Degenerative Changes in Cryptorchid Testes in Japanese Black Cattle. Vet Pathol 2020; 57:418-426. [PMID: 32096446 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820906891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This is a histopathologic and endocrinologic study of 6 calves diagnosed with cryptorchidism. Cases 1-3 were diagnosed as resembling testicular regression syndrome. In cases 1 and 2, the extracted tissue was a small, firm, gray-white mass, and there was lack of obvious testicular tissue in case 3. Histopathologically, the excised tissue in cases 1-3 was a fibrotic testicular remnant with inflammation, mineralization, hemosiderin-laden macrophages or lipofuscin-laden macrophages, and lack of germ cells and interstitial endocrine cells. These findings were compared with cases 4-6, which were diagnosed as testicular hypoplasia due to cryptorchidism. These cases had small but otherwise grossly unremarkable intra-abdominal testicular tissue and histologically had a few germ cells and sustentacular cells with arrested spermatogenesis and an increase in interstitial endocrine cells. Cases 1-3 had more severe degenerative changes compared with cases 4-6. In case 2, the average diameter of the seminiferous tubules was much smaller than in cases 4-6, and there were few tubule cross sections. Anti-Müllerian hormone (214 pg/ml) was detected in the plasma of case 2. Based on the macroscopic and histopathologic findings as well as endocrinologic profiles, the testicular degeneration in cases 1-3 was considered similar to that of testicular regression syndrome. In this condition, it is thought that a normally developing intra-abdominal testis undergoes degeneration due to heat or a vascular disorder such as torsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Fuke
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Go Kitahara
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Soma Ito
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Nguyen Van Diep
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Angeline Ping Ping Teh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Uda Zahli Izzati
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ohnmar Myint
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Takuya Hirai
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Shidow Torisu
- Department of Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kaneko
- Department of Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sato
- Department of Veterinary Radiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hidaka
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Osawa
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ryoji Yamaguchi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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Heart rate proxies for feed efficiency and other complex traits according to the invasiveness of routine interventions in beef bulls. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.103844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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El-Sheikh Ali H, Kitahara G, Nibe K, Osawa T. Endocrinological characterization of an ovarian sex cord-stromal tumor with a Sertoli cell pattern in a Japanese Black cow. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 54:1501-1504. [PMID: 31448448 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A Japanese Black cow was evaluated for prolonged post-partum anestrus and enlargement of the right ovary. Transrectal ultrasonography revealed that the right ovary was markedly enlarged and had a solid appearance, while the left ovary was small and inactive. The presumptive diagnosis was directed towards granulosa-theca cell tumour (GTCT) which was supported by markedly elevated plasma anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH; 332.0 ng/ml), oestradiol (E2 ; 103.3 pg/ml) and immunoreactive inhibin (ir-INH; 2.1 ng/ml) in comparison with the diagnostic cut-off points for bovine GTCTs. Since the cow had been infertile and had swelling of the udder, slaughter was chosen. Histopathological examination revealed that the tumour was an ovarian sex cord-stromal tumour (SCST) with a Sertoli cell pattern. These findings suggest that plasma AMH, ir-INH and E2 could be possible biomarkers for bovine ovarian SCST with a Sertoli cell pattern, whereas this case could not be distinguished from GTCTs based on endocrinological profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam El-Sheikh Ali
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt.,Department of Veterinary Science, Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Go Kitahara
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kazumi Nibe
- Japan Animal Referral Medical Center, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Osawa
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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Kitahara G, El-Sheikh Ali H, Teh A, Hidaka Y, Haneda S, Mido S, Yamaguchi R, Osawa T. Characterization of anti-Müllerian hormone in a case of bovine male pseudohermaphroditism. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 53:809-813. [PMID: 29427350 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The current report aimed to characterize plasma anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in bovine male pseudohermaphroditism. The blood AMH concentration in a Japanese Black male pseudohermaphrodite calf was compared with pre- and post-pubertal male and female calves and castrated calves. The concentration in the case was higher than in post-pubertal males, castrated males, and pre- and post-pubertal female calves (p < .05), but similar to that in pre-pubertal male calves. After extraction of the testes, the concentration in the case dropped to a certain extent. The extracted testes expressed AMH, as detected by immunohistochemistry. This study is the first to show the characterization of AMH in a male pseudohermaphrodite calf. AMH levels in peripheral blood might be useful to diagnose male pseudohermaphroditism in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kitahara
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - H El-Sheikh Ali
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - App Teh
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Y Hidaka
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - S Haneda
- Department of Applied Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - S Mido
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - R Yamaguchi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - T Osawa
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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Effect of age and castration on serum anti-Müllerian hormone concentration in male alpacas. Theriogenology 2018; 105:174-177. [PMID: 28982028 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) by the Sertoli cells in males is crucial for sexual differentiation. There are no studies on AMH in Camelids. The objectives of this research were to 1) compare AMH serum concentrations in prepubertal and adult male alpacas and 2) determine the effect of castration on these concentrations in adult males to provide a validation of a commercial AMH test in alpacas. Serum samples were obtained from 15 prepubertal animals (5 for each age groups of 6, 7 and 8 months) and from 5 adult males (age 5-9 years), pre- and 24 h post-castration. AMH was determined with a quantitative ELISA according to the manufacture's instructions. There was not significant difference (P < 0.05) in AMH level (pg/ml) between pre-pubertal (549.9 ± 120.8, 789.4 ± 172.3, 597.5 ± 177.3 for ages 4, 7, and 8 months, respectively) and adult alpacas (938.7 ± 175.9). In adult males, AMH concentration decreased significantly following castration (P < 0.05) (938.7 ± 383.5 pg/ml) pre-castration, and 222.1 ± 116.5 pg/ml) after castration). There was a positive correlation between testosterone levels and AMH. In conclusion, the quantitative assay used is a reliable test to determine AMH in alpacas. The AMH level in prepubertal and adult alpacas appear to not differ, contrarily from other mammals, this requires further investigation. The decrease in serum AMH concentrations after castration suggests that measurement of this hormone can be used to diagnose bilateral cryptorchid or hemicastrated unilateral cryptorchid animals in this species.
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