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Santos BM, de Souza JPA, Goulart LRDP, Petrine JCP, Alves FHF, Del Bianco-Borges B. Impacts of Anabolic-androgenic steroid supplementation on female health and offspring: Mechanisms, side effects, and medical perspectives. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:102205. [PMID: 39697477 PMCID: PMC11653648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 11/19/2024] [Indexed: 12/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) among women, driven by the pursuit of improved body aesthetics, characterized by higher lean mass and reduced adipose tissue, raises significant health concerns, particularly due to the limited knowledge regarding their effects on the female organism. Prolonged use and/or high doses of AAS are linked to various harmful side effects, including mood changes, psychiatric disorders, voice deepening, clitoromegaly, menstrual irregularities, and cardiovascular complications, prompting medical societies to discourage their widespread use due to insufficient evidence supporting their safety and efficacy. Studies in female rodents have shown that AAS can lead to increased aggression, inflammation, reduced neuronal density, and negative impacts on the myocardium and blood vessels. Additionally, maternal administration of androgens during pregnancy can adversely affect offspring's reproductive, neuronal, and metabolic health, resulting in long-term impairments. The complexity of the mechanisms underlying AAS effects, and their potential genotoxicity remains poorly understood. This review aims to elucidate the various ways in which AAS can impact female physiology and that of their offspring, highlight commonly used anabolic substances, and discuss the positions of medical societies regarding AAS use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Menegate Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Lavras Federal University - UFLA; University Campus, CP: 3037, Lavras 37203-202, Brazil
| | - Jessica Peres Alves de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Lavras Federal University - UFLA; University Campus, CP: 3037, Lavras 37203-202, Brazil
| | - Luísa Rodrigues de Paula Goulart
- Medicine Department, Health Science Faculty, Lavras Federal University - UFLA; University Campus, CP: 3037, Lavras 37203-202, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Castro Pereira Petrine
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Lavras Federal University - UFLA; University Campus, CP: 3037, Lavras 37203-202, Brazil
| | - Fernando Henrique Ferrari Alves
- Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation – Federal University of Lavras, Jardim Califórnia Garden 37950-000, São Sebastião do Paraíso, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruno Del Bianco-Borges
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Lavras Federal University - UFLA; University Campus, CP: 3037, Lavras 37203-202, Brazil
- Medicine Department, Health Science Faculty, Lavras Federal University - UFLA; University Campus, CP: 3037, Lavras 37203-202, Brazil
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Guo Q, Wang W, Chen J, Ma WR, Yang Y, Tan Y. Association of SOGPI in mediating the effect of Phosphatidylcholine on polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 2024; 40:2420963. [PMID: 39460994 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2024.2420963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 09/26/2024] [Accepted: 10/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, marked by hormonal imbalances and disruptions in glucose and lipid metabolism. Emerging research has indicated a correlation between lipids and PCOS, yet the specific lipid profiles or associated genes identified in various studies vary, and observational data alone cannot establish causation. Therefore, our study seeks to establish a causal association between lipidome and PCOS. METHODS Data from genome-wide association studies, liposomes, metabolites, and PCOS-related information were collected. Four rounds of double-sample bidirectional intermediate Mendelian Randomization analyses including liposomes to disease, liposomes to metabolites, metabolites to disease, and reverse Mendelian Randomization analysis of lipids, total effect values and intermediary effect values were calculated. The proportion mediated by the intermediary effect was determined by dividing the intermediary effect value by the total effect value. RESULTS The analyses revealed that three liposomes and nine metabolites were causally associated with PCOS. Specifically, phosphatidylcholine and 1-Stearoyl-2-Oleoyl-Glycosylphosphatidylinositol were identified as independent risk factors for PCOS through further Mendelian Randomization analysis. The risk of developing PCOS increased by 32% for every one standard deviation increase in phosphatidylcholine and by 17% for every one standard deviation increase in 1-Stearoyl-2-Oleoyl-Glycosylphosphatidylinositol. Furthermore, the study revealed that phosphatidylcholine can influence the development of PCOS with 1-Stearoyl-2-Oleoyl-Glycosylphosphatidylinositol acting as a mediator, explaining 4.97% of the effect. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed a causal relationship between phosphatidylcholine and 1-Stearoyl-2-Oleoyl-Glycosylphosphatidylinositol with PCOS, where phosphatidylcholine can influence the occurrence of PCOS with 1-Stearoyl-2-Oleoyl-Glycosylphosphatidylinositol as a mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Guo
- Department of Gynecology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei-Rong Ma
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingqian Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Tan
- Department of Reproduction, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Donaldson NM, Prescott M, Ruddenklau A, Campbell RE, Desroziers E. Maternal androgen excess significantly impairs sexual behavior in male and female mouse offspring: Perspective for a biological origin of sexual dysfunction in PCOS. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1116482. [PMID: 36875467 PMCID: PMC9975579 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1116482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common infertility disorder worldwide, typically characterised by high circulating androgen levels, oligo- or anovulation, and polycystic ovarian morphology. Sexual dysfunction, including decreased sexual desire and increased sexual dissatisfaction, is also reported by women with PCOS. The origins of these sexual difficulties remain largely unidentified. To investigate potential biological origins of sexual dysfunction in PCOS patients, we asked whether the well-characterized, prenatally androgenized (PNA) mouse model of PCOS exhibits modified sex behaviours and whether central brain circuits associated with female sex behaviour are differentially regulated. As a male equivalent of PCOS is reported in the brothers of women with PCOS, we also investigated the impact of maternal androgen excess on the sex behaviour of male siblings. METHODS Adult male and female offspring of dams exposed to dihydrotestosterone (PNAM/PNAF) or an oil vehicle (VEH) from gestational days 16 to 18 were tested for a suite of sex-specific behaviours. RESULTS PNAM showed a reduction in their mounting capabilities, however, most of PNAM where able to reach ejaculation by the end of the test similar to the VEH control males. In contrast, PNAF exhibited a significant impairment in the female-typical sexual behaviour, lordosis. Interestingly, while neuronal activation was largely similar between PNAF and VEH females, impaired lordosis behaviour in PNAF was unexpectedly associated with decreased neuronal activation in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH). CONCLUSION Taken together, these data link prenatal androgen exposure that drives a PCOS-like phenotype with altered sexual behaviours in both sexes.
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Abruzzese GA, Arbocco FCV, Ferrer MJ, Silva AF, Motta AB. Role of Hormones During Gestation and Early Development: Pathways Involved in Developmental Programming. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1428:31-70. [PMID: 37466768 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32554-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that an altered maternal milieu and environmental insults during the intrauterine and perinatal periods of life affect the developing organism, leading to detrimental long-term outcomes and often to adult pathologies through programming effects. Hormones, together with growth factors, play critical roles in the regulation of maternal-fetal and maternal-neonate interfaces, and alterations in any of them may lead to programming effects on the developing organism. In this chapter, we will review the role of sex steroids, thyroid hormones, and insulin-like growth factors, as crucial factors involved in physiological processes during pregnancy and lactation, and their role in developmental programming effects during fetal and early neonatal life. Also, we will consider epidemiological evidence and data from animal models of altered maternal hormonal environments and focus on the role of different tissues in the establishment of maternal and fetus/infant interaction. Finally, we will identify unresolved questions and discuss potential future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Adriana Abruzzese
- Laboratorio de Fisio-patología ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fiorella Campo Verde Arbocco
- Laboratorio de Hormonas y Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Reproducción y Lactancia, IMBECU, CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María José Ferrer
- Laboratorio de Fisio-patología ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aimé Florencia Silva
- Laboratorio de Fisio-patología ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Beatriz Motta
- Laboratorio de Fisio-patología ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abruzzese GA, Silva AF, Velazquez ME, Ferrer MJ, Motta AB. Hyperandrogenism and Polycystic ovary syndrome: Effects in pregnancy and offspring development. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1558. [PMID: 35475329 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the major endocrine disorders affecting women of reproductive age. Its etiology remains unclear. It is suggested that environmental factors, and particularly the intrauterine environment, play key roles in PCOS development. Besides the role of androgens in PCOS pathogenesis, exposure to endocrine disruptors, as is Bisphenol A, could also contribute to its development. Although PCOS is considered one of the leading causes of ovarian infertility, many PCOS patients can get pregnant. Some of them by natural conception and others by assisted reproductive technique treatments. As hyperandrogenism (one of PCOS main features) affects ovarian and uterine functions, PCOS women, despite reaching pregnancy, could present high-risk pregnancies, including implantation failure, an increased risk of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and preterm birth. Moreover, hyperandrogenism may also be maintained in these women during pregnancy. Therefore, as an altered uterine milieu, including hormonal imbalance, could affect the developing organisms, monitoring these patients throughout pregnancy and their offspring development is highly relevant. The present review focuses on the impact of androgenism and PCOS on fertility issues and pregnancy-related outcomes and offspring development. The evidence suggests that the increased risk of pregnancy complications and adverse offspring outcomes of PCOS women would be due to the factors involved in the syndrome pathogenesis and the related co-morbidities. A better understanding of the involved mechanisms is still needed and could contribute to a better management of these women and their offspring. This article is categorized under: Reproductive System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Reproductive System Diseases > Environmental Factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle A Abruzzese
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aimé F Silva
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela E Velazquez
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria-José Ferrer
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia B Motta
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Ovárica, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Analyses of Molecular Characteristics and Enzymatic Activities of Ovine HSD17B3. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102876. [PMID: 34679897 PMCID: PMC8532638 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (HSD17B3) converts androstenedione (A4) into testosterone (T), which regulates sex steroid production. Because various mutations of the HSD17B3 gene cause disorder of sex differentiation (DSD) in multiple mammalian species, it is very important to reveal the molecular characteristics of this gene in various species. Here, we revealed the open reading frame of the ovine HSD17B3 gene. Enzymatic activities of ovine HSD17B3 and HSD17B1 for converting A4 to T were detected using ovine androgen receptor-mediated transactivation in reporter assays. Although HSD17B3 also converted estrone to estradiol, this activity was much weaker than those of HSD17B1. Although ovine HSD17B3 has an amino acid sequence that is conserved compared with other mammalian species, it possesses two amino acid substitutions that are consistent with the reported variants of human HSD17B3. Substitutions of these amino acids in ovine HSD17B3 for those in human did not affect the enzymatic activities. However, enzymatic activities declined upon missense mutations of the HSD17B3 gene associated with 46,XY DSD, affecting amino acids that are conserved between these two species. The present study provides basic information and tools to investigate the molecular mechanisms behind DSD not only in ovine, but also in various mammalian species.
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Zhang FF, Zhang Q, Wang YL, Wang FF, Hardiman PJ, Qu F. Intergenerational Influences between Maternal Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Offspring: An Updated Overview. J Pediatr 2021; 232:272-281. [PMID: 33482217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Zhang
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Wang
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang-Fang Wang
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Paul J Hardiman
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fan Qu
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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James WH, Grech V. Is exposure to high levels of maternal intrauterine testosterone a causal factor common to male sex, autism, gender dysphoria, and non-right-handedness? Early Hum Dev 2020; 141:104872. [PMID: 31492544 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.104872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We present evidence that male sex, autism, gender dysphoria and non-right-handedness share a common cause, viz. high levels of maternal first-trimester intrauterine testosterone. This provides an explanation for the (as yet unexplained) co-occurrences and co-morbidities between these conditions and pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H James
- Galton Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - Victor Grech
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, Mater Dei Hospital, Malta.
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James WH, Grech V. Potential explanations of behavioural and other differences and similarities between males and females with autism spectrum disorder. Early Hum Dev 2020; 140:104863. [PMID: 31493928 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.104863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Several potential explanations may be dependent on the dynamics of prenatal and postnatal testosterone in males and females, and to be consistent with Baron-Cohen's concept of extreme male brain. This paper explores the evidence that male and female autistic subjects differ on the average in that they have had different exposures to the causes of autism, females bearing higher genetic burdens for ASD (autistic spectrum disorder), and males having a greater exposure to high intrauterine levels of testosterone (T). The high levels of intrauterine (and possibly postnatal) testosterone to which ASD cases have been exposed, cause a less masculinized physical habitus (including facial features) in exposed males, and a more masculinized physical habitus in exposed females. ASD genes (as opposed to intrauterine testosterone) are mainly responsible for a low mean IQ in ASD (especially female cases). Exposure to high intrauterine T increases the probability that foetuses will be male, thus potentially explaining the high sex ratio (proportion male) of cases of ASD. The Gender Incoherence Model seems to be based on facts unrelated directly to autism. The shifts towards the other sex are argued to be consequent on sex-different reactions to prenatal exposure to high T, not on the pathology itself. The suspected underdiagnosis of female cases is partially dependent on the different proportions of environmental and genetic causes to which male and female cases are hypothesized to have been exposed, and the consequent 'more normal' behaviour of female cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H James
- Galton Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, Mater Dei Hospital, Malta.
| | - Victor Grech
- Galton Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, Mater Dei Hospital, Malta.
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Holland S, Prescott M, Pankhurst M, Campbell RE. The influence of maternal androgen excess on the male reproductive axis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18908. [PMID: 31827225 PMCID: PMC6906411 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55436-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal androgen excess is suspected to contribute to the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women. Evidence from preclinical female animal models links maternal androgen excess with the development of PCOS-like features and associated alterations in the neuronal network regulating the reproductive axis. There is some evidence suggesting that maternal androgen excess leads to similar reproductive axis disruptions in men, despite the critical role that androgens play in normal sexual differentiation. Here, the specific impact of maternal androgen excess on the male hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis was investigated using a prenatal androgenization protocol in mice shown to model PCOS-like features in females. Reproductive phenotyping of prenatally androgenised male (PNAM) mice revealed no discernible impact of maternal androgen excess at any level of the reproductive axis. Luteinising hormone pulse characteristics, daily sperm production, plasma testosterone and anti-Müllerian hormone levels were not different in the male offspring of dams administered dihydrotestosterone (DHT) during late gestation compared to controls. Androgen receptor expression was quantified through the hypothalamus and identified as unchanged. Confocal imaging of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons revealed that in contrast with prenatally androgenised female mice, PNAM mice exhibited no differences in the density of putative GABAergic innervation compared to controls. These data indicate that a maternal androgen environment capable of inducing reproductive dysfunction in female offspring has no evident impact on the reproductive axis of male littermates in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Holland
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Melanie Prescott
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Michael Pankhurst
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca E Campbell
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
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Henrique FL, Bezerra HVA, Polato HZ, Fernandes AC, Zanella AJ, Alves MBR, Celeghini ECC, Batissaco L, Strefezzi RDF, Pulido-Rodríguez LF, Hooper HB, Titto CG. Maternal stress in sheep during late pregnancy influences sperm quality in early puberty of the offspring. Theriogenology 2019; 145:158-166. [PMID: 31711696 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stress at the end of sheep gestation can damage the reproductive development of young males. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of LPS administration in the last third of sheep pregnancy on the reproductive parameters of prepubertal rams. Thirty-six pregnant nulliparous ewes (12 ± 2 months old; 45 ± 6 kg) were assigned to two treatments, LPS (E. coli; 0.8 μg kg-1) and control (placebo/saline) administered in late pregnancy (120 days post-conception). The animals gave birth to 17 male lambs (11 LPS; 8 control). Reproductive development of the young rams was analyzed from 5 to 12 months of age. A completely randomized design in double factorial scheme was used. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance. The model included treatment (LPS; control), age as main effects and their interactions, and the animal as a repeated measure. Means were compared by the PDIFF-SAS (Pr > |t|) at P < 0.05. An effect of age was observed for scrotal circumference, testicular consistency, homogeneity of testicular parenchyma, vascularization, semen quantity and quality, and blood testosterone concentration (P < 0.05). LPS increased sperm defects (P < 0.05) but an interaction with age was not observed (P > 0.05) with higher abnormalities only during months 8 and 9 (P < 0.05) and not thereafter. In summary, LPS did not cause long-term damage to testicular morphology analyzed from the onset of puberty to sexual maturity. However, LPS treatment affected sperm morphology during early puberty of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Luís Henrique
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Campus Fernando Costa, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Helena Viel Alves Bezerra
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Campus Fernando Costa, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Heloise Zavatieri Polato
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Campus Fernando Costa, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Arícia Christofaro Fernandes
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Campus Fernando Costa, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Adroaldo José Zanella
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Campus Fernando Costa, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Maíra Bianchi Rodrigues Alves
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Campus Fernando Costa, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Eneiva Carla Carvalho Celeghini
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Campus Fernando Costa, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Batissaco
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Campus Fernando Costa, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Francisco Strefezzi
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Campus Fernando Costa, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Lina Fernanda Pulido-Rodríguez
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Campus Fernando Costa, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Henrique Barbosa Hooper
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Campus Fernando Costa, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Gonçalves Titto
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Campus Fernando Costa, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil.
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Heber MF, Ferreira SR, Abruzzese GA, Raices T, Pignataro OP, Vega M, Motta AB. Metformin improves ovarian insulin signaling alterations caused by fetal programming. J Endocrinol 2019; 240:JOE-18-0520.R1. [PMID: 30620715 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is the decreased ability of insulin to mediate metabolic actions. In the ovary, insulin controls ovulation and oocyte quality. Alterations in ovarian insulin signaling pathway could compromise ovarian physiology. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of fetal programming on ovarian insulin signaling and evaluate the effect of metformin treatment. Pregnant rats were hyperandrogenized with testosterone and female offspring born to those dams were employed; at adulthood, prenatally hyperandrogenized (PH) offspring presented two phenotypes: irregular ovulatory (PHiov) and anovulatory (PHanov). Half of each group was orally treated with metformin. Metformin treatment improved the estrous cyclicity in both PH groups. Both PH groups showed low mRNA levels of IR, IRS1 and Glut4. IRS2 was decreased only in PHanov. Metformin upregulated the mRNA levels of some of the mediators studied. Protein expression of IR, IRS1/2 and GLUT4 was decreased in both PH groups. In PHiov, metformin restored the expression of all the mediators, whereas, in PHanov, metformin restored only that of IR and IRS1/2. IRS1 phosphorylation was measured in tyrosine residues, which activates the pathway, and in serine residues, which impairs insulin action. PHiov presented high IRS1 phosphorylation on tyrosine and serine residues, whereas PHanov showed high serine phosphorylation and low tyrosine phosphorylation. Metformin treatment lowered serine phosphorylation only in PHanov rats. Our results suggest that PHanov rats have a defective insulin action, partially restored with metformin. PHiov rats had less severe alterations, and metformin treatment was more effective in this phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Heber
- M Heber, Laboratorio de Fisio-patologia Ovarica, CEFYBO, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Silvana R Ferreira
- S Ferreira, Laboratorio de Fisio-patologia Ovarica, Centro de Estudios Farmacologicos y Botanicos, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Trinidad Raices
- T Raices, Laboratorio de Endocrinología Molecular y Transducción de Señales, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Omar Pedro Pignataro
- O Pignataro, Laboratorio de Endocrinología Molecular y Transducción de Señales, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Margarita Vega
- M Vega, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alicia B Motta
- A Motta, Laboratorio de Fisio-patologia Ovarica, CEFYBO, Buenos Aires, 1121, Argentina
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Li T, Wu L, Wang Y, Yao R, Meng Y, Zhang Y, Li Z, Zhou Y, Han H, Fu L. The association between digit ratio (2D:4D) and the first spermatorrhea among Chinese boys. Early Hum Dev 2018; 118:48-52. [PMID: 29481988 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) is a marker of prenatal hormone exposure, which is negatively correlated with prenatal androgen and positively correlated with prenatal estrogen. The study was to analyze the association between 2D:4D and the first spermatorrhea to indirectly show the possible role of prenatal hormone during puberty development among boys. METHOD The total of 367 boys aged 8-15 years were enrolled by using the stratified cluster sampling method. The variables of index finger (2D), ring finger (4D), height, weight, waist circumference (WC), skinfold thickness, testosterone and estradiol were measured, and the age at the first spermatorrhea was surveyed. RESULTS The average age at the first spermatorrhea was 12.15 years. The 2D:4D was not related to first spermatorrhea, circulating testosterone in boys (P > 0.05), however, was positively correlated with circulating estradiol (P < 0.05). The direct association (OR value) between 4D, average of index finger and ring finger (AIR) and first spermatorrhea were 2.79 and 2.29, and the mediating effect (OR value) of which were 1.95 and 2.01 by testosterone, accounting for 41.18% and 46.73% of the total effect, respectively. The 2D, MIDRL, lean body mass (LBM) were indirectly related to first spermatorrhea by testosterone, the mediating effects (OR value) were 2.11, 1.71 and 2.41, respectively. CONCLUSION The prenatal androgen exposure may be directly and indirectly related to first spermatorrhea. In addition, the high prenatal estrogen exposure may be indirectly associated with first spermatorrhea by testosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health of School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Lu Wu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health of School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Bengbu Food and Drug Administration, Bengbu, China
| | - Rongying Yao
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health of School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yanqiu Meng
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health of School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health of School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health of School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yanni Zhou
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health of School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Hui Han
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health of School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Lianguo Fu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health of School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.
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14
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Scully CM, Estill CT, Amodei R, McKune A, Gribbin KP, Meaker M, Stormshak F, Roselli CE. Early prenatal androgen exposure reduces testes size and sperm concentration in sheep without altering neuroendocrine differentiation and masculine sexual behavior. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2018; 62:1-9. [PMID: 28843181 PMCID: PMC5705409 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal androgens are largely responsible for growth and differentiation of the genital tract and testis and for organization of the control mechanisms regulating male reproductive physiology and behavior. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of inappropriate exposure to excess testosterone (T) during the first trimester of fetal development on the reproductive function, sexual behavior, and fertility potential of rams. We found that biweekly maternal T propionate (100 mg) treatment administered from Day 30-58 of gestation significantly decreased (P < 0.05) postpubertal scrotal circumference and sperm concentration. Prenatal T exposure did not alter ejaculate volume, sperm motility and morphology or testis morphology. There was, however, a trend for more T-exposed rams than controls to be classified as unsatisfactory potential breeders during breeding soundness examinations. Postnatal serum T concentrations were not affected by prenatal T exposure, nor was the expression of key testicular genes essential for spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis. Basal serum LH did not differ between treatment groups, nor did pituitary responsiveness to GnRH. T-exposed rams, like control males, exhibited vigorous libido and were sexually attracted to estrous females. In summary, these results suggest that exposure to exogenous T during the first trimester of gestation can negatively impact spermatogenesis and compromise the reproductive fitness of rams.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Scully
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - C T Estill
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-4501, USA; College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-4501, USA
| | - R Amodei
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
| | - A McKune
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-4501, USA
| | - K P Gribbin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
| | - M Meaker
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-4501, USA
| | - F Stormshak
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-4501, USA
| | - C E Roselli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA.
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