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Tobolski D, Zwierzchowski G, Lukasik K, Skarżyński DJ, Pascottini OB, Opsomer G, Barański W. Progesterone-independent endometrial mRNA expression in dairy cows with clinical or subclinical endometritis. Theriogenology 2024; 216:146-154. [PMID: 38183931 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Up to 50 % of dairy cows fail to resolve uterine involution and develop chronic clinical (CE) or subclinical endometritis (SE) 21 days after calving. Clinical endometritis is associated with purulent discharge, while SE is not associated with overt clinical signs. Along with numerous knowledge gaps related to its pathogenesis, SE does not allow for a straightforward and effective therapy. Therefore, it is crucial to unravel differences in the expression of genes among healthy, CE, and SE cows. This might contribute to the discovery of new drug candidates and, in consequence, a potentially effective treatment. In the present study, cows between 21 and 28 days postpartum (PP) were examined using vaginoscopy for the presence of vaginal discharge and endometrial cytology for the determination of the endometrial polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) percentage. Next, an endometrial biopsy sample was taken to investigate the expression of 13 selected candidate genes by qPCR. Uterine health status was assigned to healthy (absence of abnormal vaginal discharge and ≤5 % PMN, n = 13), SE (absence of abnormal vaginal discharge and >5 % PMN, n = 30), and CE (mucopurulent or purulent vaginal discharge and >5 % PMN, n = 9). At the same time, a blood sample was collected to assess serum progesterone concentration and to categorize cows as low (≤1 ng/mL) or high (>1 ng/mL) in progesterone. High expression of IL1B, IL6, IL17A, CXCL8, PTGES, PTGS1, PTGS2, and INHBA genes and low expression of FST was noted in the endometrium of CE compared to healthy cows. Increased endometrial INHBA expression was observed in both SE and CE compared to healthy cows. Interestingly, greater expression of PTGES and PRXL2B genes and lower expression of PTGS2 were characteristic of SE versus CE or healthy. Among cows with no overt clinical symptoms of uterine disease (healthy and SE), the endometrial expression of IL1 B, CXCL8, and PTGES was greater in cows with high versus low serum progesterone. Several genes were differentially expressed among healthy, SE, and CE cows indicating different pathways for the development of different uterine diseases. In conclusion, we found progesterone-independent SE markers, which suggests that low endometrial PTGS2 expression may be indicative of an inadequate immune response and thus contribute to the pathogenesis of SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Tobolski
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Oczapowskiego 14, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Zwierzchowski
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 1a Oczapowskiego Str., Olsztyn, 10-719, Poland
| | - Karolina Lukasik
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10 -748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dariusz Jan Skarżyński
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10 -748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Osvaldo Bogado Pascottini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Geert Opsomer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Wojciech Barański
- Department of Animal Reproduction with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Oczapowskiego 14, Olsztyn, Poland
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Diniz WJS, Afonso J, Kertz NC, Dyce PW, Banerjee P. Mapping Expression Quantitative Trait Loci Targeting Candidate Genes for Pregnancy in Beef Cows. Biomolecules 2024; 14:150. [PMID: 38397387 PMCID: PMC10886872 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite collective efforts to understand the complex regulation of reproductive traits, no causative genes and/or mutations have been reported yet. By integrating genomics and transcriptomics data, potential regulatory mechanisms may be unveiled, providing opportunities to dissect the genetic factors governing fertility. Herein, we identified regulatory variants from RNA-Seq data associated with gene expression regulation in the uterine luminal epithelial cells of beef cows. We identified 4676 cis and 7682 trans eQTLs (expression quantitative trait loci) affecting the expression of 1120 and 2503 genes, respectively (FDR < 0.05). These variants affected the expression of transcription factor coding genes (71 cis and 193 trans eQTLs) and genes previously reported as differentially expressed between pregnant and nonpregnant cows. Functional over-representation analysis highlighted pathways related to metabolism, immune response, and hormone signaling (estrogen and GnRH) affected by eQTL-regulated genes (p-value ≤ 0.01). Furthermore, eQTLs were enriched in QTL regions for 13 reproduction-related traits from the CattleQTLdb (FDR ≤ 0.05). Our study provides novel insights into the genetic basis of reproductive processes in cattle. The underlying causal mechanisms modulating the expression of uterine genes warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellison J. S. Diniz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (N.C.K.); (P.W.D.); (P.B.)
| | - Juliana Afonso
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 234, s/n, Fazenda Canchim, São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil;
| | - Nicholas C. Kertz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (N.C.K.); (P.W.D.); (P.B.)
| | - Paul W. Dyce
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (N.C.K.); (P.W.D.); (P.B.)
| | - Priyanka Banerjee
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (N.C.K.); (P.W.D.); (P.B.)
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Fabjanowska J, Kowalczuk-Vasilev E, Klebaniuk R, Milewski S, Gümüş H. N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as a Nutritional Support of the Reproductive and Immune System of Cattle-A Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3589. [PMID: 38003206 PMCID: PMC10668692 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper focuses on the role of n-3 fatty acids as a nutrient crucial to the proper functioning of reproductive and immune systems in cattle. Emphasis was placed on the connection between maternal and offspring immunity. The summarized results confirm the importance and beneficial effect of n-3 family fatty acids on ruminant organisms. Meanwhile, dietary n-3 fatty acids supplementation, especially during the critical first week for dairy cows experiencing their peripartum period, in general, is expected to enhance reproductive performance, and the impact of its supplementation appears to be dependent on body condition scores of cows during the drying period, the severity of the negative energy balance, and the amount of fat in the basic feed ration. An unbalanced, insufficient, or excessive fatty acid supplementation of cows' diets in the early stages of pregnancy (during fetus development) may affect both the metabolic and nutritional programming of the offspring. The presence of the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-3 family in the calves' ration affects not only the performance of calves but also the immune response, antioxidant status, and overall metabolism of the future adult cow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fabjanowska
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (J.F.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Edyta Kowalczuk-Vasilev
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (J.F.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Renata Klebaniuk
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (J.F.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Szymon Milewski
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (J.F.); (R.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Hıdır Gümüş
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy, 15030 Burdur, Türkiye;
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Reineri PS, Bernhard SDR, Principi SA, Gerlero GD, Aller JF. Effects of two protocols of ovulation synchronization on corpus luteum size and blood flow, progesterone concentration, and pregnancy rate in beef heifers. Anim Reprod Sci 2023; 251:107223. [PMID: 36965397 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 7-day estradiol-progesterone-based [Treat(C)] and 5-day Co-Synch plus progesterone [Treat(Co-Sy)] protocols on ovulation time, pre-ovulatory follicle diameter, corpus luteum (CL) size and blood flow, progesterone (P4) concentration and pregnancy rate (PR) in beef heifers. In Experiment 1, a crossover design was applied (n = 9). For Treat(C), a progesterone intravaginal (PI) device was inserted, plus 2 mg of estradiol benzoate (day 0). On day 7, 500 µg of cloprostenol plus 0.5 mg of estradiol cypionate were administered, and PI was removed. For Treat(Co-Sy), on day 0, a PI was inserted plus 100 µg gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). On day 5, PI was removed, plus 500 µg of cloprostenol and 100 µg of GnRH were administered at 69-70 h later. From day one to ovulation day, dominant follicle was evaluated by ultrasonography. On days 4 and 8 post-ovulation, CL was evaluated by color Doppler, and P4 concentration was determined by chemiluminescence. In Experiment 2, a split-plot experimental design was used. Protocols followed were the same as in Experiment 1 [Treat(C); n = 310 and Treat(Co-Sy); n = 314]. Heifers were fixed-time artificially inseminated. Pregnancy was determined on day 41. In Experiment 1, the interval between PI removal and ovulation time was different between protocols (P < 0.01). In addition, P4 concentration was related to the CL size (P < 0.001), CL blood flow (P < 0.01) and protocols (P < 0.03). In Experiment 2, PR did not differ between protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Sebastián Reineri
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), EEA Santiago del Estero, La Abrita, Santiago del Estero G4206XBK, Argentina; Faculty of Agronomy and Agribusiness (FAyA), National University of Santiago del Estero (UNSE), Santiago del Estero G4206XCP, Argentina.
| | - Sergio Daniel Roldán Bernhard
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), EEA Santiago del Estero, La Abrita, Santiago del Estero G4206XBK, Argentina
| | | | - Gustavo Daniel Gerlero
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), EEA Santiago del Estero, La Abrita, Santiago del Estero G4206XBK, Argentina
| | - Juan Florencio Aller
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), EEA Balcarce, 7620 Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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5
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Madoz LV, Lorenti SN, Rearte R, Quintero-Rodriguez L, Migliorisi AL, Jaureguiberry M, Gabler C, Drillich M, de la Sota RL. Detection of nonpregnant cows and potential embryo losses by color Doppler ultrasound and interferon-stimulated gene expression in grazing dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:6973-6984. [PMID: 35787328 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have been conducted to estimate pregnancy losses between 19 and 34 d after artificial insemination (AI) in dairy cows managed under confinement-based systems, but few studies have examined embryo mortality during this interval in dairy cows managed under gazing systems. The objectives of this prospective cohort study were (1) to assess the diagnostic value of the corpus luteum (CL) blood perfusion (BP) evaluation by Doppler ultrasound (US) to detect nonpregnant cows at 19 to 20 d post-AI, and (2) to assess the rate of potential embryo mortality between 19 to 34 d post-AI. The CL-BP of all cows included in the study (n = 131) was examined on farm by power and color mode of Doppler US and later using an image processing software by a second evaluator. The endometrium thickness and echotexture were evaluated by B-mode US at the same visit to assess if the nonpregnancy diagnosis could be improved at 19 to 20 d post-AI by this additional diagnostic tool. Blood samples were obtained at 19 to 20 d post-AI for progesterone (P4) measurement by chemiluminescence and to determine the mRNA expression of ISG by real-time PCR. Pregnancy diagnosis based on embryo visualization was performed at 33 to 34 d post-AI by US B-mode. In parallel interpretation, ISG15 and MX2 mRNA expression in leukocytes [sensitivity (Se), 100%] were regarded as suitable biomarkers for early pregnancy and were selected for molecular characterization of pregnancy at 19 to 20 d post-AI. At 19 to 20 d post-AI, 61.1% of the cows had positive CL-BP by Doppler US (Se, 98.0%), 62.7% had ISG mRNA expression in leukocytes over the cutoff point (Se, 95.7%), and 50.8% were positive, based on the combination of ISG mRNA expression, CL-BP by Doppler US, and P4 concentration (Se, 100%), and were considered as possible pregnant. At 33 to 34 d, the pregnancy rate was 37.4% diagnosed by the B-mode US. Based on the expression of the selected biomarkers in cows with active CL, we found that 28.1% of the cows could have potentially lost their pregnancy between 19 and 34 d post-AI. The Doppler US color mode showed similar accuracy and a higher negative predictive value than the genes selected as biomarkers. The additional B-mode ultrasound evaluation of the uterine stratum vasculare and the endometrium thickness improved the diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, assessing the CL-BP by Doppler US allowed early detection of nonpregnant cows at 19 to 20 d post-AI. The combination of early CL-BP by Doppler US (d 19 to 20) with early embryo detection by B-mode US (d 33-34) could be used to facilitate earlier rebreeding of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Madoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Reproducción Animal (INIRA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, BA, Argentina B1900AVW; CONICET, CABA, Argentina C1033AAJ
| | - S N Lorenti
- Private practice, Brandsen, BA, Argentina B1980ABH
| | - R Rearte
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Reproducción Animal (INIRA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, BA, Argentina B1900AVW; CONICET, CABA, Argentina C1033AAJ
| | - L Quintero-Rodriguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Reproducción Animal (INIRA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, BA, Argentina B1900AVW; CONICET, CABA, Argentina C1033AAJ
| | - A L Migliorisi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Reproducción Animal (INIRA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, BA, Argentina B1900AVW
| | - M Jaureguiberry
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Reproducción Animal (INIRA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, BA, Argentina B1900AVW; CONICET, CABA, Argentina C1033AAJ
| | - C Gabler
- Institute for Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany 14163
| | - M Drillich
- University Clinic for Ruminants, Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management in Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria 1210
| | - R L de la Sota
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Reproducción Animal (INIRA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, BA, Argentina B1900AVW; CONICET, CABA, Argentina C1033AAJ.
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6
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Pereira G, Guo Y, Silva E, Bevilacqua C, Charpigny G, Lopes-da-Costa L, Humblot P. Progesterone differentially affects the transcriptomic profiles of cow endometrial cell types. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:82. [PMID: 35086476 PMCID: PMC8793221 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08323-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The endometrium is a heterogeneous tissue composed of luminal epithelial (LE), glandular epithelial (GE), and stromal cells (ST), experiencing progesterone regulated dynamic changes during the estrous cycle. In the cow, this regulation at the transcriptomic level was only evaluated in the whole tissue. This study describes specific gene expression in the three types of cells isolated from endometrial biopsies following laser capture microdissection and the transcriptome changes induced by progesterone in GE and ST cells. Results Endometrial LE, GE, and ST cells show specific transcriptomic profiles. Most of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to progesterone are cell type-specific (96%). Genes involved in cell cycle and nuclear division are under-expressed in the presence of progesterone in GE, highlighting the anti-proliferative action of progesterone in epithelial cells. Elevated progesterone concentrations are also associated with the under-expression of estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) in GE and oxytocin receptor (OXTR) in GE and ST cells. In ST cells, transcription factors such as SOX17 and FOXA2, known to regulate uterine epithelial-stromal cross-talk conveying to endometrial receptivity, are over-expressed under progesterone influence. Conclusions The results from this study show that progesterone regulates endometrial function in a cell type-specific way, which is independent of the expression of its main receptor PGR. These novel insights into uterine physiology present the cell compartment as the physiological unit rather than the whole tissue. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08323-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Pereira
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Yongzhi Guo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, PO Box 7054, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabete Silva
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Claudia Bevilacqua
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Gilles Charpigny
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, ENVA, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Luís Lopes-da-Costa
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Patrice Humblot
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, PO Box 7054, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
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Gutiérrez-Reinoso MA, Aguilera CJ, Navarrete F, Cabezas J, Castro FO, Cabezas I, Sánchez O, García-Herreros M, Rodríguez-Alvarez L. Effects of Extra-Long-Acting Recombinant Bovine FSH (bscrFSH) on Cattle Superovulation. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12020153. [PMID: 35049777 PMCID: PMC8772581 DOI: 10.3390/ani12020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, several commercial FSH products have been developed for cattle superovulation (SOV) purposes in Multiple Ovulation and Embryo Transfer (MOET) programs. The SOV response is highly variable among individuals and remains one of the main limiting factors in obtaining a profitable number of transferable embryos. In this study, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) from different origins was included in two SOV protocols, (a) FSH from purified pig pituitary extract (NIH-FSH-p; two doses/day, 12 h apart, four consecutive days); and (b) extra-long-acting bovine recombinant FSH (bscrFSH; a single dose/day, four consecutive days), to test the effects of bscrFSH on the ovarian response, hormone profile levels, in vivo embryo production and the pluripotency gene expression of the obtained embryos. A total of 68 healthy primiparous red Angus cows (Bos taurus) were randomly distributed into two experimental groups (n = 34 each). Blood sample collection for progesterone (P4) and cortisol (C) level determination was performed together with ultrasonographic assessment for ovarian size, follicles (FL) and corpora lutea (CL) quantification in each SOV protocol (Day 0, 4, 8, and 15). Moreover, FSH profiles were monitorised throughout both protocols (Day 0, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 15). In vivo embryo quantity and quality (total structures, morulae, blastocysts, viable, degenerated and blocked embryos) were recorded in each SOV protocol. Finally, embryo quality in both protocols was assessed by the analysis of the expression level of crucial genes for early embryo development (OCT4, IFNt, CDX2, BCL2, and BAX). P4 and cortisol concentration peaks in both SOV protocols were obtained on Day 15 and Day 8, respectively, which were statistically different compared to the other time-points (p < 0.05). Ovarian dimensions increased from Day 0 to Day 15 irrespective of the SOV protocol considered (p < 0.05). Significant changes in CL number were observed over time till Day 15 irrespective of the SOV protocol applied (p < 0.05), being non- significantly different between SOV protocols within each time-point (p > 0.05). The number of CL was higher on Day 15 in the bscrFSH group compared to the NIH-FSH-p group (p < 0.05). The number of embryonic structures recovered was higher in the bscrFSH group (p = 0.025), probably as a result of a tendency towards a greater number of follicles developed compared to the NIH-FSH-p group. IFNt and BAX were overexpressed in embryos from the bscrFSH group (p < 0.05), with a fold change of 16 and 1.3, respectively. However, no statistical differences were detected regarding the OCT4, CDX2, BCL2, and BCL2/BAX expression ratio (p > 0.05). In conclusion, including bscrFSH in SOV protocols could be an important alternative by reducing the number of applications and offering an improved ovarian response together with better embryo quality and superior performance in embryo production compared to NIH-FSH-p SOV protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Gutiérrez-Reinoso
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción (UdeC), Chillán 3780000, Chile; (M.A.G.-R.); (C.J.A.); (F.N.); (J.C.); (F.O.C.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), Latacunga 050150, Ecuador
| | - Constanza J. Aguilera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción (UdeC), Chillán 3780000, Chile; (M.A.G.-R.); (C.J.A.); (F.N.); (J.C.); (F.O.C.)
| | - Felipe Navarrete
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción (UdeC), Chillán 3780000, Chile; (M.A.G.-R.); (C.J.A.); (F.N.); (J.C.); (F.O.C.)
| | - Joel Cabezas
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción (UdeC), Chillán 3780000, Chile; (M.A.G.-R.); (C.J.A.); (F.N.); (J.C.); (F.O.C.)
| | - Fidel O. Castro
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción (UdeC), Chillán 3780000, Chile; (M.A.G.-R.); (C.J.A.); (F.N.); (J.C.); (F.O.C.)
| | - Ignacio Cabezas
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción (UdeC), Chillán 3780000, Chile;
| | - Oliberto Sánchez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, Concepcion 4070386, Chile;
| | - Manuel García-Herreros
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV), 2005-048 Santarém, Portugal
- Correspondence: (M.G.-H.); (L.R.-A.); Tel.: +56-42-220-8835 (L.R.-A.); Fax: +351-24-3767 (M.G.-H.) (ext. 330)
| | - Lleretny Rodríguez-Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción (UdeC), Chillán 3780000, Chile; (M.A.G.-R.); (C.J.A.); (F.N.); (J.C.); (F.O.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.-H.); (L.R.-A.); Tel.: +56-42-220-8835 (L.R.-A.); Fax: +351-24-3767 (M.G.-H.) (ext. 330)
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Magalhães L, Barbosa S, Fagundes N, Almeida M, Carneiro L, Brandão F, Nogueira G, Pereira E, Saut J. Ovarian steroids modulate the systemic inflammatory response OF COWS challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intrauterine INFUSION. Theriogenology 2022; 182:35-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Zhang F, Nan X, Wang H, Zhao Y, Guo Y, Xiong B. Effects of Propylene Glycol on Negative Energy Balance of Postpartum Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091526. [PMID: 32872233 PMCID: PMC7552166 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary After calving, the milk production of dairy cows increases rapidly, but the nutrient intake cannot meet the demand for milk production, forming a negative energy balance. Dairy cows in a negative energy balance have an increased risk of developing clinical or subclinical ketosis. The ketosis in dairy cows has a negative impact on milk production, dry matter intake, health, immunity, and reproductive performance. Propylene glycol can be used as an important gluconeogenesis in ruminants and can effectively inhibit the formation of ketones. Supplementary propylene glycol to dairy cows during perinatal is an effective method to alleviate the negative energy balance. This review summarizes the reasons and consequences of negative energy balance as well as the mechanism and effects of propylene glycol in inhibiting a negative energy balance in dairy cows. In addition, the feeding levels and methods of using propylene glycol to alleviate negative energy balance are also discussed. Abstract With the improvement in the intense genetic selection of dairy cows, advanced management strategies, and improved feed quality and disease control, milk production level has been greatly improved. However, the negative energy balance (NEB) is increasingly serious at the postpartum stage because the intake of nutrients cannot meet the demand of quickly improved milk production. The NEB leads to a large amount of body fat mobilization and consequently the elevated production of ketones, which causes metabolic diseases such as ketosis and fatty liver. The high milk production of dairy cows in early lactation aggravates NEB. The metabolic diseases lead to metabolic disorders, a decrease in reproductive performance, and lactation performance decline, seriously affecting the health and production of cows. Propylene glycol (PG) can alleviate NEB through gluconeogenesis and inhibit the synthesis of ketone bodies. In addition, PG improves milk yield, reproduction, and immune performance by improving plasma glucose and liver function in ketosis cows, and reduces milk fat percentage. However, a large dose of PG (above 500 g/d) has toxic and side effects in cows. The feeding method used was an oral drench. The combination of PG with some other additives can improve the effects in preventing ketosis. Overall, the present review summarizes the recent research progress in the impacts of NEB in dairy cows and the properties of PG in alleviating NEB and reducing the risk of ketosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (F.Z.); (X.N.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Xuemei Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (F.Z.); (X.N.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (F.Z.); (X.N.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yiguang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (F.Z.); (X.N.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Benhai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (F.Z.); (X.N.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62816017; Fax: +86-10-62811680
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