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Mahasneh ZMH, Abuajamieh M, Abedal-Majed MA, Al-Qaisi M, Abdelqader A, Al-Fataftah ARA. Effects of medical plants on alleviating the effects of heat stress on chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103391. [PMID: 38242055 PMCID: PMC10828596 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, global climate change has led to a significant increase in the average ambient temperature causing heat stress (HS) waves. This increase has resulted in more frequent heat waves during the summer periods. HS can have detrimental effects on poultry, including growth retardation, imbalance in immune/antioxidant pathways, inflammation, intestinal dysfunction, and economic losses in the poultry industry. Therefore, it is crucial to find an effective, safe, applicable, and economically efficient method for reducing these negative influences. Medicinal plants (MPs) contain various bioactive compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Due to the biological activities of MPs, it could be used as promising thermotolerance agents in poultry diets during HS conditions. Nutritional supplementation with MPs has been shown to improve growth performance, antioxidant status, immunity, and intestinal health in heat-exposed chickens. As a result, several types of herbs have been supplemented to mitigate the harmful effects of heat stress in chickens. Therefore, several types of herbs have been supplemented to mitigate the harmful effects of heat stress in chickens. This review aims to discuss the negative consequences of HS in poultry and explore the use of different traditional MPs to enhance the health status of chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab M H Mahasneh
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, the University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
| | - Mohannad Abuajamieh
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, the University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Mohamed A Abedal-Majed
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, the University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Mohmmad Al-Qaisi
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, the University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Anas Abdelqader
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, the University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
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Mahasneh ZMH, Abdelnour S, Ebrahim A, Almasodi AGS, Moustafa M, Alshaharni MO, Algopish U, Tellez-Isaias G, Abd El-Hack ME. Olive oil and its derivatives for promoting performance, health, and struggling thermal stress effects on broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103348. [PMID: 38150829 PMCID: PMC10788279 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Olive oil (OL) production is the most significant agro-industrial business and has a high impact on the economy of numerous Mediterranean countries. However, OL extraction results in massive amounts of byproducts, including a solid residue (olive cake or olive pomace) and an aqueous stage (olive mill wastewater), which have serious environmental effects due to their hazardous nature and excessive organic content. Despite these byproducts causing environmental pollution, they can be applied for animal feeding. According to the literature, OL or its derivatives have been used to promote broiler performance, feed utilization, and health status in broilers as growth promoters or protein sources. Furthermore, using OL and its derivatives could improve heat resistance in stressed broilers via struggling thermal stress effects. In this framework, we highlighted the use of OL and its byproducts in broiler feeding to promote performance and health status. Additionally, the role of these byproducts and OL in combating thermal stress is investigated for sustainable strategy and promoting circular economy in broiler industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab M H Mahasneh
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, the University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Sameh Abdelnour
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Alia Ebrahim
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Abeer G S Almasodi
- Food Science Department, College of Science, Taif University, Branch of the College at Turbah, Turbah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Moustafa
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed O Alshaharni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Uthman Algopish
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Guillermo Tellez-Isaias
- Department of Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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Liu L, Gong X, Zhang X, Zhang D, Tang Y, Liu J, Li Y, Pan D. Resveratrol alleviates heat-stress-induced impairment of the jejunal mucosa through TLR4/MAPK signaling pathway in black-boned chicken. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103242. [PMID: 37980746 PMCID: PMC10685036 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress in chickens caused by high temperatures in summer is a serious issue faced by the poultry industry globally, which reduces product quality. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of resveratrol in alleviating heat stress injury and inflammatory response of jejunal mucosa in black-boned chickens through TLR4/MAPK signaling pathway. In total, 240 black-boned chickens (28-day old) were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups as follows. The normal temperature (NT) and normal temperature with resveratrol (NT+Res) groups received a basal diet without and with 400 mg/kg resveratrol, respectively, and treated at 24℃ ± 2℃, 24 h/d. The high temperature (HT) and high temperature with resveratrol (HT+Res) groups received basal diet without and with 400 mg/kg resveratrol, respectively, and treated at 37℃ ± 2℃ for 8 h/d and 24°C ± 2°C for the rest of the time for 12 d. The results revealed the heat-stress responses impaired the villous structure of the jejunum, causing a rough and uneven surface of the jejunal villus, and local intestinal villi were even more prone to rupture. However, resveratrol significantly improved the morphology and structure of jejunal mucosa under heat stress. Heat stress increased the mRNA levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), c-Jun, c-fos, caspase-3, and p38 (P < 0.05), reduced mRNA level of Bcl-2, and reduced the expression of tight junction proteins Occludin, ZO-1, and Claudin1 (P < 0.05) in the jejunal mucosa. However, resveratrol inhibited the TLR4/ mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway via downregulating TLR4, c-Jun, p38, and caspase-3 (P < 0.05); upregulating Bcl-2 (P < 0.05); decreasing the protein levels of MKK3, p53, and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MYD88); and increasing the protein levels of Occludin, ZO-1, and Claudin1. In addition, it reduced the levels of JNK and p38 proteins (P < 0.05) and inflammatory factors like tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the jejunal mucosa of black-boned chickens under heat stress. In conclusion, resveratrol may play a regulatory role in heat-stress-induced damage and inflammatory response in the intestinal mucosa of black-boned chickens under heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Gong
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
| | - Ying Tang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
| | - Jiantao Liu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
| | - Yajie Li
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
| | - Disheng Pan
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
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Choi YH, Min YJ, Jeon DY, Jin HJ, Jeong YD, Park HJ, Hosseindoust A, Ha SH, Mun JY, Kim JS, Kim JE. Beet pulp as soluble fiber source and dietary energy levels for growing pigs under heat stress. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 65:989-1001. [PMID: 37969341 PMCID: PMC10640937 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The study evaluated the effects of dietary fiber and energy levels administered during two growing periods (d 0-28 and d 29-56) for pigs exposed to a high temperature. A total of 96 growing pigs were used in six treatments as: Two treatments in thermoneutral temperature (21°C-24°C) with dietary energy of 3,300 and the inclusion of high or low fiber, two treatments in heat stress (30°C-34°C) with dietary energy of 3,300 and the inclusion of high or low fiber, and two treatments in heat stress with dietary energy of 3,450 and the inclusion of high or low fiber. Among standard energy level treatments, heat-stressed pigs showed lower average daily gain (ADG), feed intake, digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, crude protein, and crude fiber in phases 1 and 2. Moreover, higher concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) in feces were shown in pigs fed high fiber diets. There was a negative interaction between dietary fiber and energy for the fecal concentration of isobutyrate in phase 1 and valerate in phase 2. Pigs in heat stress treatments showed a higher rectal temperature, respiratory rate, hair cortisol, plasma zonulin, and fecal lipocalin-2. Among heat stress treatments, the overall ADG was increased in pigs fed high fiber. Pigs fed high dietary fiber showed a greater concentration of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total SCFA. High fiber treatments decreased plasma zonulin. In conclusion, the inclusion of beet pulp, soluble fiber, at the level of 4% looks necessary in pigs diet during heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Han Choi
- Swine Science Division, National Institute
of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan
31000, Korea
| | - Ye Jin Min
- Swine Science Division, National Institute
of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan
31000, Korea
| | - Da Yeon Jeon
- Swine Science Division, National Institute
of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan
31000, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Jin
- Swine Science Division, National Institute
of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan
31000, Korea
| | - Yong Dae Jeong
- Swine Science Division, National Institute
of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan
31000, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Park
- Swine Science Division, National Institute
of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan
31000, Korea
| | - Abdolreza Hosseindoust
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence,
Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Sang Hun Ha
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence,
Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jun Young Mun
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence,
Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jin Soo Kim
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence,
Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jo Eun Kim
- Swine Science Division, National Institute
of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan
31000, Korea
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Nan J, Yang H, Rong L, Jia Z, Yang S, Li S. Transcriptome analysis of multiple tissues reveals the potential mechanism of death under acute heat stress in chicken. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:459. [PMID: 37587462 PMCID: PMC10429076 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09564-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute heat stress could induce high mortality and cause huge economic losses in the poultry industry. Although many studies have revealed heat stress-induced injuries of multiple tissues, the main target tissue and molecular mechanism of death under acute heat stress was largely unknown. This study systematically compared the transcriptome data of five main visceral tissues in chickens to reveal the response of multiple tissues to acute heat stress and determine the main target tissue of acute heat stress, further revealing the injuries of main target tissue and their potential mechanism by combing pathological section and qRT-PCR technologies. RESULTS The transcriptome data of five visceral tissues revealed that acute heat stress broadly caused inflammatory response and damaged tissues metabolic homeostasis. Among the five tested visceral tissues, the number of differentially expressed genes in the lung was the highest, and their fold changes were the greatest, indicating that the lung was the main target tissue of acute heat stress. The results of pathological section revealed severe inflammation, emphysema and pulmonary hemorrhage in the lung under acute heat stress. Our study found that some pro-inflammatory genes, including CNTFR, FURIN, CCR6, LIFR and IL20RA, were significantly up-regulated both in the heat-stress and heat-death groups, and their fold changes in the heat-death group were significantly greater than that in the heat-stress group. We also found an anti-inflammatory gene, AvBD9, exhibiting an extremely high expression in the heat-stress group but a low expression in the heat-death group. CONCLUSIONS Our study found that acute heat stress caused multiple tissue injuries broadly and the lung was the main target tissue of acute heat stress in chicken. Acute heat stress caused a severe inflammatory response, emphysema, and pulmonary haemorrhage, The severe inflammatory response in the heat-death group was related to the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes and down-regulation of anti-inflammatory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuhong Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hongrui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Li Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zijia Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Sendong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shijun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Smart Farming for Agricultural Animals, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China.
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El-Raghi AA, Hassan MAE, Hashem NM, Abdelnour SA. Struggling Thermal Stress Impacts on Growth Performance and Health Status of Newly Weaned Rabbits Using Nanoemulsion of Origanum majorana Considering the Economic Efficiency of Supplementation. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1772. [PMID: 37889670 PMCID: PMC10252083 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
With the recent trend of global warming, HS-instigated diminishing could extremely jeopardize animal health, productivity, and farm profit. Marjoram essential oil (MEOE) is a worthy source of wide range phytogenic compounds that may improve heat tolerance, redox and inflammatory homeostasis, and immunity of newly weaned rabbits, specifically if included in the diets in a nano form. One hundred newly weaned rabbits were randomly distributed into four homogeneous groups. The first group (control group) included rabbits that received basal diet without supplementation. In contrast, the other three groups included rabbits that received basal diets supplemented with 200 (MEONE200), 400 (MEONE400), and 800 (MEONE800) mg MEONE/kg diet, respectively. Among MEONE-treated groups and control groups, MEONE400 group showed the highest (p < 0.001) growth performance traits, including final body weight, average daily gain, feed efficiency, and the performance index. Compared to the control, all MEONE-supplemented groups possessed lower rectal temperatures and respiration rates, recording the lowest values in the MEONE400 group. The oxidative stress biomarkers and immunoglobulins G and M were significantly improved in the MEONE400 and MEONE800 compared with the control and MEONE200 groups. The addition of MEONE (400 or 800 mg/kg) decreased the concentrations of serum interleukin-4 (p = 0.0003), interferon gamma (p = 0.0004), and tumor necrosis factor-α (p < 0.0001) but significantly elevated (p < 0.001) the activity of nitric oxide, amyloid A and lysozyme. Liver functions (lower concentrations of liver enzymes) were significantly improved in all MEONE-treated groups compared to the control group. There was a considerable significant effect of dietary supplementation of MEONE400 on economic efficiency. In conclusion, the addition of 400 mg/kg to the diets of newly weaned rabbits can be recommended as an affective intervention to mitigate the negative impacts of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ali El-Raghi
- Department of Animal, Poultry, and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta 34517, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. E. Hassan
- Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Nesrein M. Hashem
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
| | - Sameh A. Abdelnour
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Choi Y, Hosseindoust A, Ha SH, Kim J, Min Y, Jeong Y, Mun J, Sa S, Kim J. Effects of dietary supplementation of bacteriophage cocktail on health status of weanling pigs in a non-sanitary environment. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:64. [PMID: 37150809 PMCID: PMC10165815 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00869-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study evaluated the effects of bacteriophage cocktail (BP) and ZnO administered during weaning time for piglets exposed to a non-sanitary environment. The bacteriophages were designed to eliminate Escherichia coli (K88, K99 and F41), Salmonella (typhimurium and enteritidis), and Clostridium perfreingens (types A and C). Forty 21-day-old crossbreed piglets were assigned to four treatments, including the PC (sanitary environment), NC (non-sanitary environment), BP (NC plus 108 pfu/kg BP), and ZO (NC plus 2,500 mg/kg ZnO). Piglets in the NC, BP and ZO were kept in a non-sanitary environment for 14 d, which was contaminated with the feces of infected pigs. RESULTS Pigs in the BP and ZO treatments had a higher final body weight compared with the NC. The NC treatment showed the highest concentration of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in the plasma. The administration of BP and ZO showed lower myeloperoxidase concentrations compared with the NC. The NC treatment showed a lower concentration of superoxide dismutase in serum compared with the PC. Among the treatments in non-sanitary environment, the NC treatment showed a higher concentration of malondialdehyde compared with the ZO. The PC treatment showed a lower concentration of butyric acid in the feces compared with the BP treatment. Among non-sanitary treatments, the villus height in the duodenum was greater in the BP and ZO compared with the NC. The lower abundance of Proteobacteria phylum was observed in the BP and PC treatments compared with the NC. The highest relative abundance of Eubacterium was recorded in the BP treatment. The abundance of Megasphaera and Schwartzia was higher in the NC pigs compared with the BP piglets. The abundance of Desulfovibrio was lower in the supplemented treatments (BP and ZO) compared with non-supplemented (NC and PC). The abundance of Cellulosilyticum genera was higher in the BP and ZO treatments rather than in the NC. The piglets in the NC treatment had the highest abundance of Escherichia-Shigella, followed by the PC and ZO treatments. CONCLUSION In conclusion, these results suggest that the supplementation of bacteriophage cocktail could effectively control Proteobacteria phylum, Clostridium spp. and coliforms population and mitigated the adverse influences of weaning stress in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- YoHan Choi
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, 31000, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdolreza Hosseindoust
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hun Ha
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Joeun Kim
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, 31000, Republic of Korea
| | - YeJin Min
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, 31000, Republic of Korea
| | - YongDae Jeong
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, 31000, Republic of Korea
| | - JunYoung Mun
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - SooJin Sa
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, 31000, Republic of Korea.
| | - JinSoo Kim
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Kismiati S, Sarjana TA, Mahfudz LD, Prayitno DS. African leaf ( Vernonia amygdalina) extracts improve Japanese quail ( Coturnix coturnix japonica) carcass traits. Vet World 2023; 16:773-778. [PMID: 37235162 PMCID: PMC10206956 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.773-778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim The Vernonia amygdalina Del. leaf extract (VALE) contains several natural antioxidants, including flavonoids, which effectively ameliorate cholesterol levels while improving quail carcass traits and meat quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of VALE on Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) carcass traits and meat. Materials and Methods In total, 260 Japanese quails (aged 5 weeks and body weight = 129.1 ± 2.2 g) were raised in an open-sided house and randomized to four VALE treatments: T0: Control, T1: 10 mL/L, T2: 20 mL/L, and T3: 10 mL/L in drinking water. After 12 weeks, carcass traits and chemical and physical meat qualities were evaluated. Results Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract in drinking water exerted significant effects (p < 0.05) on carcass weight, cholesterol levels, and meat water holding capacity (WHC) without significantly affecting carcass and non-carcass percentages, moisture, protein, fat, and meat color qualities. The highest carcass weights and lowest cholesterol levels were identified in the T2 group, while WHC improved in the T3. Conclusion Thus, VALE supplementation (20 mL/L) to quails improved carcass traits, especially cholesterol levels and carcass weights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Kismiati
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Tembalang Campus, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Teysar Adi Sarjana
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Tembalang Campus, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Luthfi Djauhari Mahfudz
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Tembalang Campus, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Sunarti Prayitno
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Tembalang Campus, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
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Bai G, Zou Y, Zhang W, Jiang X, Qin J, Teng T, Sun H, Shi B. Perinatal exposure to high concentration glyphosate-based herbicides induces intestinal apoptosis by activating endoplasmic reticulum stress in offspring. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161223. [PMID: 36584959 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs), the most widely used pesticide worldwide, have been reported to impair organ function in humans and animals. However, research on the effect of maternal GBHs exposure on the intestinal health of offspring has received little attention. Based on the glyphosate limits defined by Codex Alimentarius Commission and European Food Safety Authority, this study established pregnant sow exposure models to investigate the influence of low (L-GBHs, 20 mg/kg) and high concentration GBHs (H-GBHs, 100 mg/kg) on the intestinal health of offspring and proposed the protective mechanism mediated by betaine. The results showed that the intestinal morphology and barrier function of suckling piglets were damaged in the H-GBHs group. H-GBHs increased the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and levels of methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10)) in suckling piglets and activated Nrf2-mediated antioxidant signaling pathway. Subsequently, we found that exposure to H-GBHs triggered endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and further induced apoptosis by upregulating the expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), Caspase3, Caspase9 and Caspase12. Moreover, H-GBHs exposure perturbed mitochondrial membrane fusion and electron transport in mitochondrial respiratory chains by increasing the mRNA expression of mitofusin-2 (MFN2) and succinate dehydrogenase subunit A (SDHA), causing mitochondrial dysfunction. Dietary supplementation with betaine provided modest protection against GBHs-induced intestinal damage in suckling piglets. These findings reveal the mechanism of GBHs-induced intestinal damage in offspring, improving our understanding of the risk of GBHs exposure in pregnant women and suggesting the potential protective effects of betaine against GBHs poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangdong Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yingbin Zou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xu Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jianwei Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Teng Teng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Haoyang Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Baoming Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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10
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The targeted anti-Salmonella bacteriophage attenuated the inflammatory response of laying hens challenged with Salmonella Gallinarum. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102296. [PMID: 36463778 PMCID: PMC9720561 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fowl typhoid is a severe disease caused by Salmonella Gallinarum with considerable mortality and morbidity in laying hen farms. The current study has focused on controlling the infection in laying hens using anti-Salmonella spp. bacteriophage. The treatments included, PC, without challenge; NC, S. Gallinarum challenged (SGC); B5, 5 mg bacteriophage/kg + SGC; B10, 10 mg bacteriophage/kg + SGC. The Salmonella shedding, inflammatory responses, and gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, toll-like receptor (TLR), and heat shock protein (HSP) in the jejunum, liver, and thigh muscle were tested in laying hens. Supplementation of bacteriophage reduced the abundance of S. Gallinarum in the excreta at d 3, 7, and 14. The abundance of S. Gallinarum was lower in the B10 than the B5 at d 7. Supplementation of bacteriophage decreased the abundance of S. Gallinarum in the oviduct, spleen, and cecum at d 14. The laying hens in the NC group showed an increased relative spleen weight compared with the PC and B10 treatments. Among the SGC treatments, the NC treatment showed higher gene expressions of IL-4 compared with the B5, higher gene expressions of interferon (IFNγ), TLR4, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) compared with the B5 and B10, and higher gene expressions of HSP27 compared with the B10 in the jejunum. Dietary supplementation of B10 decreased the mRNA expressions of TLR4 and TNF-α compared with the B5 treatment in the jejunum. The NC treatment showed the highest gene expressions of HSP27, TLR4, and TNF-α in the liver. Dietary supplementation of B10 showed lower mRNA expressions of HSP27 compared with the B5 treatment in the liver. Moreover, the IFNγ and HSP27 were upregulated in the NC treatment compared with the B5 and B10 in the muscle. In conclusion, it can be suggested that bacteriophage is an effective supplement to control S. Gallinarum infection in laying hens and possibly lower horizontal contaminations in laying hen flocks.
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