1
|
Farinetti A, Mattioli AV. Health-care personnel and energy drinks: A new category of subjects at risk? Addiction 2024; 119:969-970. [PMID: 38268501 DOI: 10.1111/add.16439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Farinetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alcohol Versus Combined Alcohol and Energy Drinks Consumption: risk behaviours and consumption patterns among European students. Alcohol 2023; 110:15-21. [PMID: 36906242 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent research found that mixing energy drinks with alcohol (AmED) could be more risky than drinking alcohol alone. Our aim was to compare rates of risk behaviours in consumers AmED versus exclusive alcohol drinkers, matching them based on their drinking frequency. METHODS Data about sixteen-year-old students who reported the number occasions on which they had drunk AmED or alcohol only in the preceding 12 months (n = 32,848) were drawn from the 2019 ESPAD study. After matching for consumption frequency, the sample consisted of 22,370 students (11,185 AmED consumers and 11,185 exclusive alcohol drinkers). Key predictors comprised substance use, other individual risk behaviours and family characteristics (parental regulation, monitoring and caring). RESULTS The multivariate analysis showed significantly higher odds of being AmED consumers compared to exclusive alcohol drinkers in the majority of the investigated risk behaviours, including: daily tobacco smoking, illicit drug use, heavy episodic drinking, truancy at school, engaging in physical fights and serious arguments, having troubles with the police and having unprotected sexual intercourse. Instead, lower odds were found for reporting high parents' educational level, medium and low family economic status, perceived possibility to freely talk about problems to family members, spending free time reading books or other hobbies. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that, given the same consumption frequency in the past year, AmED consumers typically reported higher associations with risk-taking behaviours compared to exclusive alcohol drinkers. These findings advance past research that failed to control for the frequency of AmED use versus exclusive alcohol consumption.
Collapse
|
3
|
Svensson Å, Warne M, Gillander Gådin K. Longitudinal Associations Between Energy Drink Consumption, Health, and Norm-Breaking Behavior Among Swedish Adolescents. Front Public Health 2021; 9:597613. [PMID: 34178908 PMCID: PMC8226087 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.597613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To describe the intake of energy drinks (EDs) among a sample of Swedish adolescents while considering health-related variables, and to investigate the longitudinal associations between ED consumption, health, and norm-breaking behavior. Longitudinal studies on this topic are scarce. Methods: Questionnaire data were collected in the northern part of Sweden in 2010-2011 from 1,622 adolescents in grades 6-9. Analyses were performed using a chi-squared test and logistic regression. Results: Seventy-four percent of the boys and 54% of the girls had consumed EDs (P < 0.001). ED consumption was associated with variables related to low health, low support levels, and norm-breaking behavior. The associations were generally stronger among the girls and the boys who consumed EDs at least once a week. ED consumption was a predictor of worse health and norm-breaking behavior 1 year later. Adjusted odds ratios ranged from 1.53 (95% CI: 1.07, 2.20; school-related stress) to 4.88 (95% CI: 2.28, 10.43; gaming-related truancy). Conclusions: Health promotion activities benefit from a broad approach but could focus on girls who consume EDs and those boys with the highest consumption levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Svensson
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Maria Warne
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guest NS, VanDusseldorp TA, Nelson MT, Grgic J, Schoenfeld BJ, Jenkins NDM, Arent SM, Antonio J, Stout JR, Trexler ET, Smith-Ryan AE, Goldstein ER, Kalman DS, Campbell BI. International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and exercise performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2021; 18:1. [PMID: 33388079 PMCID: PMC7777221 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-020-00383-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Following critical evaluation of the available literature to date, The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) position regarding caffeine intake is as follows: 1. Supplementation with caffeine has been shown to acutely enhance various aspects of exercise performance in many but not all studies. Small to moderate benefits of caffeine use include, but are not limited to: muscular endurance, movement velocity and muscular strength, sprinting, jumping, and throwing performance, as well as a wide range of aerobic and anaerobic sport-specific actions. 2. Aerobic endurance appears to be the form of exercise with the most consistent moderate-to-large benefits from caffeine use, although the magnitude of its effects differs between individuals. 3. Caffeine has consistently been shown to improve exercise performance when consumed in doses of 3-6 mg/kg body mass. Minimal effective doses of caffeine currently remain unclear but they may be as low as 2 mg/kg body mass. Very high doses of caffeine (e.g. 9 mg/kg) are associated with a high incidence of side-effects and do not seem to be required to elicit an ergogenic effect. 4. The most commonly used timing of caffeine supplementation is 60 min pre-exercise. Optimal timing of caffeine ingestion likely depends on the source of caffeine. For example, as compared to caffeine capsules, caffeine chewing gums may require a shorter waiting time from consumption to the start of the exercise session. 5. Caffeine appears to improve physical performance in both trained and untrained individuals. 6. Inter-individual differences in sport and exercise performance as well as adverse effects on sleep or feelings of anxiety following caffeine ingestion may be attributed to genetic variation associated with caffeine metabolism, and physical and psychological response. Other factors such as habitual caffeine intake also may play a role in between-individual response variation. 7. Caffeine has been shown to be ergogenic for cognitive function, including attention and vigilance, in most individuals. 8. Caffeine may improve cognitive and physical performance in some individuals under conditions of sleep deprivation. 9. The use of caffeine in conjunction with endurance exercise in the heat and at altitude is well supported when dosages range from 3 to 6 mg/kg and 4-6 mg/kg, respectively. 10. Alternative sources of caffeine such as caffeinated chewing gum, mouth rinses, energy gels and chews have been shown to improve performance, primarily in aerobic exercise. 11. Energy drinks and pre-workout supplements containing caffeine have been demonstrated to enhance both anaerobic and aerobic performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanci S Guest
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Room 5326A, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Trisha A VanDusseldorp
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, USA
| | | | - Jozo Grgic
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brad J Schoenfeld
- Department of Health Sciences, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Nathaniel D M Jenkins
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52240, USA
| | - Shawn M Arent
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Colombia, SC, 29208, USA
- School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, UK
| | - Jose Antonio
- Exercise and Sport Science, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, 33314, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Stout
- Institue of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | | | - Abbie E Smith-Ryan
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Erica R Goldstein
- Institue of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Douglas S Kalman
- Nutrion Department, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33314, USA
- Scientific Affairs. Nutrasource, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Bill I Campbell
- Performance & Physique Enhancement Laboratory, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Energy drinks and energy shots are functional supplements with higher caffeine content marketed toward adolescents and young adults with the intention of boosting energy. Parallel to its rising popularity, there are safety concerns with the consumption of these beverages. Herein, we reviewed the impact these supplements produce on health and well-being. RECENT FINDINGS Most of the promoted benefits of the beverages can be attributed to caffeine. The physiologic effects, if any, of other ingredients such as vitamins and herbal extracts are unclear. The presence of a higher caffeine content as compared to soft drinks may predispose to caffeine intoxication in susceptible individuals. Also, the practice of co-ingestion of these beverages with alcohol is still prevalent and associated with serious consequences. Strict regulations (restriction of sales, clear warning labels, capping caffeine levels) and public education may help prevent the adverse outcomes from these beverages.
Collapse
|
6
|
Caffeinated energy drinks: adverse event reports to the US Food and Drug Administration and the National Poison Data System, 2008 to 2015. Public Health Nutr 2019; 22:2531-2542. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019001605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjective:To describe and compare caffeinated energy drink adverse event (AE) report/exposure call data from the US Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition’s Adverse Event Reporting System (CAERS) and the American Association of Poison Control Centers’ National Poison Data System (NPDS).Design:Cross-sectional.Setting:Data were evaluated from US-based CAERS reports and NPDS exposure calls, including report/exposure call year, age, sex, location, single v. multiple product consumption, outcome, symptom, intentionality (NPDS only), report type, product name (CAERS only).Participants:The analysis defined participants (cases) by the number of caffeinated energy drink products indicated in each AE report or exposure call. Single product cases included 357 from CAERS and 12 822 from NPDS; multiple product cases included 153 from CAERS and 931 from NPDS.Results:CAERS v. NPDS single product cases were older and more frequently indicated serious symptoms. Multiple v. single product consumers were older in both. In CAERS, unlike NPDS, most multiple product consumers were female. CAERS single v. multiple product reports cited higher proportions of life-threatening events, but less often indicated hospitalization and serious events. NPDS multiple v. single product cases involved fewer ≤5-year-olds and were more often intentional.Conclusions:Despite limitations, both data sources contribute to post-market surveillance and improve understanding of public health concerns.
Collapse
|
7
|
Larson TA, O’Neill CE, Palumbo MP, Bachtell RK. Effects of adolescent caffeine consumption on cocaine self-administration and reinstatement of cocaine seeking. J Psychopharmacol 2018; 33:269881118812098. [PMID: 30484365 PMCID: PMC6766411 DOI: 10.1177/0269881118812098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Caffeine consumption by children and adolescents has risen dramatically in recent years, yet the lasting effects of caffeine consumption during adolescence remain poorly understood. AIM: These experiments explore the effects of adolescent caffeine consumption on cocaine self-administration and seeking using a rodent model. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats consumed caffeine for 28 days during the adolescent period. Following the caffeine consumption period, the caffeine solution was replaced with water for the remainder of the experiment. Age-matched control rats received water for the duration of the study. Behavioral testing in a cocaine self-administration procedure occurred during adulthood (postnatal days 62-82) to evaluate how adolescent caffeine exposure influenced the reinforcing properties of cocaine. Cocaine seeking was also tested during extinction training and reinstatement tests following cocaine self-administration. RESULTS: Adolescent caffeine consumption increased the acquisition of cocaine self-administration and increased performance on different schedules of reinforcement. Consumption of caffeine in adult rats did not produce similar enhancements in cocaine self-administration. Adolescent caffeine consumption also produced an upward shift in the U-shaped dose response curve on cocaine self-administration maintained on a within-session dose-response procedure. Adolescent caffeine consumption had no effect on cocaine seeking during extinction training or reinstatement of cocaine seeking by cues or cocaine. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that caffeine consumption during adolescence may enhance the reinforcing properties of cocaine, leading to enhanced acquisition that may contribute to increased addiction vulnerability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tracey A Larson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Casey E O’Neill
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Michaela P Palumbo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Ryan K Bachtell
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ali A, Wham C, Wolber F, Dickens M, O'Keeffe K, Thunders M, Thomas J, Starck C, Rutherfurd-Markwick K. The Highs and Lows of Caffeine Intake in New Zealand Children. J Caffeine Adenosine Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1089/caff.2017.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ajmol Ali
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Metabolic Health Research, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Carol Wham
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Metabolic Health Research, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Fran Wolber
- Centre for Metabolic Health Research, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Massey Institute of Food Science and Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North
| | - Martin Dickens
- Centre for Metabolic Health Research, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karyn O'Keeffe
- Centre for Metabolic Health Research, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Sleep/Wake Research Centre, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Michelle Thunders
- Centre for Metabolic Health Research, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Judy Thomas
- Centre for Metabolic Health Research, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Carlene Starck
- Centre for Metabolic Health Research, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kay Rutherfurd-Markwick
- Centre for Metabolic Health Research, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Energy drink consumption and the perceived risk and disapproval of drugs: Monitoring the Future, 2010-2016. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 188:24-31. [PMID: 29729536 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Energy drinks have become quite popular in recent years among adolescents, prompting a wealth of recent research examining the potential deleterious consequences of energy drink consumption among youth. The present study adds to this body of work by exploring perceptions of risk and disapproval of soft and hard drugs among adolescents and whether such attitudes are predicted by patterns of energy drink/shot consumption. METHODS Data were derived from the seven most recent cohorts (2010-2016) of the Monitoring the Future (MTF) study, a nationally representative survey of U.S. youth. The significance of associations between energy drink/shot consumption and drug perceptions/attitudes was tested using logistic regression techniques employing adjustments for covariates and cohort-specific fixed effects. RESULTS Energy drink/shot consumption was largely associated with significant increases in the odds of failing to perceive any risk of drug use and failing to disapprove of drug use among youths, regardless of whether attitudes concerning soft or hard drugs were examined. These associations were particularly robust in the case of habitual energy drink/shot consumers (relative to occasional consumers or abstainers). CONCLUSIONS Additional efforts should be made to heighten awareness and education concerning the potential dangers of energy drink consumption among youth, particularly as it pertains to drug attitudes and diminished perceptions of substance use risk. Policies that minimize energy drink consumption among youth as well as programs that educate parents and teachers about the drug attitudes of youths who regularly consume energy drinks and promote active monitoring of these adolescents may be worthwhile.
Collapse
|
10
|
Jarrad R, Hammad S, Shawashi T, Mahmoud N. Compassion fatigue and substance use among nurses. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2018; 17:13. [PMID: 29563960 PMCID: PMC5848583 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-018-0183-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to detect if there were differences in compassion fatigue (CF) among nurses based on substance use and demographic variables of gender, marital status, type of health institution and income. BACKGROUND Compassion fatigue is considered an outcome of poorly handled stressful situations in which nurses may respond with self-harming behaviours like substance use. Evidence in this area is critically lacking. METHODS This study used a descriptive design to survey differences in CF of 282 nurses. The participants completed a demographic survey and indicated whether they consume any of the following substances on a frequent basis: cigarettes, sleeping pills, power drinks, anti-depressant drugs, anti-anxiety drugs, coffee, analgesics, amphetamines and alcohol. Compassion Fatigue scores were surveyed using CF self-test 66 items developed by Stamm and Figely (Compassion satisfaction and fatigue test. http://www.isu.edu/~bhstamm/tests.htm, 1996). RESULTS There were significant differences in CF scores in favour of nurses who used cigarettes, sleeping pills, power drinks, anti-depressants and anti-anxiety drugs. While no significant differences in CF were found between nurses who used coffee, analgesics, amphetamines and alcohol, significant differences in nurses' CF were found in relation to type of institution, gender and marital status. But nurses' income did not bring differences to CF scores. CONCLUSION Nurses who might be lacking resilience cope negatively with CF using maladaptive negative behaviours such as substance use. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Nursing management should be aware of the substance use drive among nurses and build organizational solutions to overcome compassion fatigue and potential substance use problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Jarrad
- 1Clinical Nursing Department-School of Nursing, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942 Jordan
| | - Sawsan Hammad
- 2Community Health Department-School of Nursing, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Tagreed Shawashi
- 1Clinical Nursing Department-School of Nursing, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942 Jordan
| | - Naser Mahmoud
- Jordan Ministry of Health-Fuheis Psychiatric Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|