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Abdellatif Z, Abdel-Haleem H, Abdalaziz RA, Ramadan A, Al-Sharif AM, El-Korashy RIM, Soliman YMA, Hussein SA, Kamal MM, Abdullatif MMA, AbdelRazik MM, Eldessouky NMT, Atef M. Coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19): A comparative study of pattern of liver injury in adult patients in different waves of Covid-19 infection. Arab J Gastroenterol 2024; 25:170-175. [PMID: 38378355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Liver dysfunction is a common manifestation of the COVID-19 infection. We aimed to study transaminase abnormalities through different waves of COVID-19 and their relations to disease severity or mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective study included 521 Egyptian patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Data was retrieved from the medical records of patients who were admitted from April 2020 to October 2021 in Kasr Al-Ainy Hospitals, Cairo University, with categorization according to disease severity in correspondence to the four waves. RESULTS The median age was lower in the first wave compared to other waves, with male predominance across all waves. The most commonly encountered comorbidity overall was hypertension, followed by diabetes mellitus. White blood cells, ferritin, and interleukin-6 showed the highest median values in the second wave, with significantly higher median C-reactive protein on day 1 in the first wave. Forty percent of the patients showed elevated hepatic transaminases on admission in four waves, with no statistically significant difference between waves. On day 5, around half of the patients had elevated transaminases, with no significant difference between waves. Most CT findings were of moderate severity. Clinical severity was higher in the second wave. It was observed that the higher the disease severity, the greater the proportion of patients with elevated hepatic transaminases. The mortality rate was markedly high in cases who had elevated ALT or AST on day 5. The association between elevated enzymes on admission and mortality was seen in the first wave only, with a fatality rate of 22.5% in cases with increased baseline ALT and AST versus 5% in those with normal baseline enzymes. CONCLUSION There was no significant difference in transaminases between the four waves. Elevated transaminases were positively associated with increased mortality and severity, reflecting their prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Abdellatif
- Hepatogastroenterology and Endemic Medicine Department - Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Hanan Abdel-Haleem
- Hepatogastroenterology and Endemic Medicine Department - Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Rasha Ahmed Abdalaziz
- Hepatogastroenterology and Endemic Medicine Department - Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Ramadan
- Hepatogastroenterology and Endemic Medicine Department - Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Aya Mohamed Al-Sharif
- Hepatogastroenterology and Endemic Medicine Department - Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | | | | | - Sabah Ahmed Hussein
- Pulmonary Medicine Department - Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Manal Mohamed Kamal
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Mira Atef
- Hepatogastroenterology and Endemic Medicine Department - Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
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Nivetha R, Rajarajeswari N, Arumugam B, Sivagurunathan C, Iyer RH. Assessment of lung involvement using HRCT among vaccinated and non-vaccinated elderly COVID-19 patients admitted in a designated hospital, Tamil Nadu - A retrospective study. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:1965-1971. [PMID: 38024934 PMCID: PMC10657043 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2491_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic is considered one of the most devastating situations globally, the worst affected were the senior citizens. A number of initiatives were carried out to control the COVID-19 pandemic; one such important measure is the development of COVID-19 vaccines to prevent the disease. But the continuous emergence of new SARS-COV2 variants (antigenic drift) and its demographic variation in virulence makes the vaccine's efficacy questionable. This study is intended to evaluate the association between the degree of lung involvement and the effectiveness of vaccination against the disease in cases admitted to a designated hospital in Tamil Nadu. Materials and Methods A hospital records-based-retrospective research was conducted among COVID-19 patients admitted from the 1st of April 2021 to the 31st of May 2021, and information was gathered regarding their vaccination status, comorbid conditions, and CT severity score (CTSS) in the HRCT lung report. A consecutive sampling technique was used to choose the study participants; about 120 participants were included in the study. The Chi-square test and Fisher's extract test were used to evaluate the hypothesis. The relationship between a dependent variable and independent factors was estimated using multiple linear regression. Results Among 120 participants, about 60.2% were males and 39.8% were females. Vaccination status and comorbid conditions had a significant association with severe lung involvement in COVID-19 patients. Conclusion Non-vaccinated patients had severe lung involvement based on the HRCT lung scan findings than the vaccinated patients. To reduce mortality, it is essential to ensure universal coverage of COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaraman Nivetha
- Department of Community Medicine, Tagore Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Balaji Arumugam
- Department of Community Medicine, Arunai Medical College and Hospital, Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chinnaian Sivagurunathan
- Department of Community Medicine, Tagore Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramesh Harihara Iyer
- Department of Community Medicine, Tagore Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Jain V, Shobha V, Kumar S, Janardana R, Selvam S. Comparison of Risk Factors During First and Second Wave of COVID-19 in Patients with Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases (AIRD): Results from KRACC Subset. Mediterr J Rheumatol 2023; 34:342-348. [PMID: 37941863 PMCID: PMC10628883 DOI: 10.31138/mjr.20230827.co] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The differential influence and outcome of various risk factors on occurrence of COVID-19 among patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (AIRD) during different COVID-19 peaks is underreported. Aim To assess the impact and outcome of conventional risk factors, immunosuppressants, and comorbidities on the risk of COVID-19 among AIRD patients during the first two COVID-19 peaks. Design Prospective, non-interventional longitudinal cohort study. Methods This is a subset of the KRA COVID19 cohort undertaken during the initial wave of COVID-19 (W1) (Apr-Dec2021); and the 2nd-wave (W2) (Jan-Aug2021). Data collected included description of AIRD subsets, treatment characteristics, comorbidities, and COVID-19 occurrence. Risk factors associated with mortality were analysed. The incidence rate was compared with that of the general population in the same geographic region. Results AIRD patients (n=2969) had a higher incidence of COVID-19 in the W2 (7.1%) than in the W1 (1.7%) as compared to the general population (Government bulletin). Age (p<0.01) and duration of AIRD (p<0.001) influenced COVID-19 occurrence in W2 while major disease subsets and immunosuppressants including glucocorticoids did not. The W2 had lower HCQ usage (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]-0.81) and comorbidities like hypertension (AOR -0.54) and pre-existing lung disease (AOR -0.38;0.19-0.75) compared to W1. Older age (1.11) and coexistent diabetes mellitus (AOR 6.74) were independent risk factors associated with mortality in W2. Conclusions We report 1.7 times higher occurrence, and no influence of major disease subsets or immunosuppressants including glucocorticoids on COVID-19. Age and diabetes were independent risk factors for mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikramraj Jain
- Clinical Immunology, Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vineeta Shobha
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, St. John’s Medical College Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sharath Kumar
- Department of Rheumatology, Optima Arthritis and Rheumatology Clinic, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramya Janardana
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, St. John’s Medical College Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sumithra Selvam
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, St. John’s Research Institute, St. John’s Medical College Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Bhardwaj P, Mishra SK, Behera SP, Zaman K, Kant R, Singh R. Genomic evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern: COVID-19 pandemic waves in India. EXCLI JOURNAL 2023; 22:451-465. [PMID: 37534220 PMCID: PMC10390896 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-6098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has mutated rapidly since its first case report in Wuhan, China, leading to the emergence of an indefinite number of variants. India has witnessed three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. The country saw its first wave of SARS-CoV-2 illness from late January 2020 to February 2021. With a peak surge of cases in mid-September 2020, India recorded more than 11 million cases and a death toll of more than 0.165 million at this time. India faced a brutal second wave driven by the emergence of highly infectious SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.617.2 (Delta variant) and the third wave with the leading cause of BA.2 (Omicron variant), which has led to an unprecedented rise in COVID-19 cases in the country. On September 14, 2022, India recorded a cumulative 44.51 million cases of COVID-19 with more than 0.528 million deaths. The discovery of common circulating mutants is facilitated by genome sequencing. The changes in the Spike surface glycoprotein recombinant binding domains served as the critical alterations, resulting in enhanced infectivity and transmissibility, with severe clinical effects. Further, the predominant mutation in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein; the D614G strains served as a model for vaccine development. The mutation of the Wuhan strain to the Variant of Concern led to a significant increase in SARS-CoV-2 infections. In addition, there was a shift in the age group affected by SARS-CoV-2 variant infection. The current review summarized the COVID-19 pandemic's Variant of Concern and the advent of SARS-CoV-2 in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Bhardwaj
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - Regional Medical Research Center Gorakhpur, BRD Medical College Campus, Gorakhpur-273013, U.P., India
| | - Shailendra Kumar Mishra
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - Regional Medical Research Center Gorakhpur, BRD Medical College Campus, Gorakhpur-273013, U.P., India
| | - Sthita Pragnya Behera
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - Regional Medical Research Center Gorakhpur, BRD Medical College Campus, Gorakhpur-273013, U.P., India
| | - Kamran Zaman
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - Regional Medical Research Center Gorakhpur, BRD Medical College Campus, Gorakhpur-273013, U.P., India
| | - Rajni Kant
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - Regional Medical Research Center Gorakhpur, BRD Medical College Campus, Gorakhpur-273013, U.P., India
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - Regional Medical Research Center Gorakhpur, BRD Medical College Campus, Gorakhpur-273013, U.P., India
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Darivemula S, Dara C, Sagar T, Bala S, Animalla V. An observational comparative study of clinicoepidemiological profile of COVID-19 patients admitted in the tertiary care hospital during first and second wave on pandemic. BIOMEDICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH JOURNAL (BBRJ) 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_2_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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Kundavaram APP, Selvan S, Raja V, Mathiyalagan P, Kanagarajan R, Reddy NP, Rajendiran N, Hazra D, Gunasekaran K, Moorthy M, Lenin A, Mathew D, Iyyadurai R, Varghese GM, Dj C, Joy M, Peter JV. Retrospective study of comparison of clinical severity and outcome of hospitalised COVID-19 patients during the first and second waves of the pandemic in India. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e062724. [PMID: 36410807 PMCID: PMC9679869 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the clinical severity and outcome of hospitalised patients during the two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in India. SETTING A tertiary care referral hospital in South India. PARTICIPANTS Symptomatic SARS CoV-2 reverse transcriptase PCR positive patients presenting to the emergency department during the two waves were recruited. The first wave spanned between April and December 2020 and the second wave between April and May 2021. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome of interest was mortality. Secondary outcomes included illness severity at presentation, need for oxygen therapy, non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and hospital or intensive care unit admission. RESULTS The mean (SD) age of the 4971 hospitalised patients in the first wave was similar to the 2293 patients in the second wave (52.5±15.4 vs 52.1±15.1 years, p=0.37). When compared with the first wave, during the second wave, a higher proportion of patients presented with critical illness (11% vs 1.1%, p<0.001) and needed supplemental oxygen therapy (n=2092: 42.1% vs n=1459: 63.6%; p<0.001), NIV (n=643; 12.9% vs n=709; 30.9%; p<0.001) or inotropes/vasoactive drugs (n=108; 2.2% vs n=77: 3.4%; p=0.004). Mortality was higher during the second wave (19.2% vs 9.3%; p<0.001). On multivariable regression analysis, age >60 years (risk ratio, RR 2.80; 95% CI 2.12 to 3.70), D-dimer >1000 ng/mL (RR 1.34; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.55), treatment with supplemental oxygen (RR 14.6; 95% CI 8.98 to 23.6) and presentation during the second wave (RR 1.40; 95% CI 1.21 to 1.62) were independently associated with mortality. CONCLUSION The second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in India appeared to be associated with more severe presentation and higher mortality when compared with the first wave. Increasing age, elevated D-dimer levels and treatment with supplemental oxygen were independent predictors of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saravanan Selvan
- Emergency Medicine, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vivek Raja
- Emergency Medicine, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Rohini Kanagarajan
- Emergency Medicine, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Narmadha P Reddy
- Emergency Medicine, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Natarajan Rajendiran
- Emergency Medicine, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Darpanarayan Hazra
- Emergency Medicine, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthik Gunasekaran
- Department of General Medicine, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahesh Moorthy
- Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Audrin Lenin
- Department of General Medicine, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Divya Mathew
- Department of General Medicine, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramya Iyyadurai
- Department of General Medicine, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - George M Varghese
- Department of Infectious Disease, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Christopher Dj
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Melvin Joy
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - John Victor Peter
- Department of General Medicine, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zaman K, Shete AM, Mishra SK, Kumar A, Reddy MM, Sahay RR, Yadav S, Majumdar T, Pandey AK, Dwivedi GR, Deval H, Singh R, Behera SP, Kumar N, Patil S, Kumar A, Dudhmal M, Joshi Y, Shukla A, Gawande P, Kavathekar A, Kumar N, Kumar V, Kumar K, Singh RS, Kumar M, Tiwari S, Verma A, Yadav PD, Kant R. Omicron BA.2 lineage predominance in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positive cases during the third wave in North India. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:955930. [PMID: 36405589 PMCID: PMC9666497 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.955930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reveal that Omicron variant BA.1 and sub-lineages have revived the concern over resistance to antiviral drugs and vaccine-induced immunity. The present study aims to analyze the clinical profile and genome characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 variant in eastern Uttar Pradesh (UP), North India. Methods Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was conducted for 146 SARS-CoV-2 samples obtained from individuals who tested coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive between the period of 1 January 2022 and 24 February 2022, from three districts of eastern UP. The details regarding clinical and hospitalized status were captured through telephonic interviews after obtaining verbal informed consent. A maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree was created for evolutionary analysis using MEGA7. Results The mean age of study participants was 33.9 ± 13.1 years, with 73.5% accounting for male patients. Of the 98 cases contacted by telephone, 30 (30.6%) had a travel history (domestic/international), 16 (16.3%) reported having been infected with COVID-19 in past, 79 (80.6%) had symptoms, and seven had at least one comorbidity. Most of the sequences belonged to the Omicron variant, with BA.1 (6.2%), BA.1.1 (2.7%), BA.1.1.1 (0.7%), BA.1.1.7 (5.5%), BA.1.17.2 (0.7%), BA.1.18 (0.7%), BA.2 (30.8%), BA.2.10 (50.7%), BA.2.12 (0.7%), and B.1.617.2 (1.3%) lineages. BA.1 and BA.1.1 strains possess signature spike mutations S:A67V, S:T95I, S:R346K, S:S371L, S:G446S, S:G496S, S:T547K, S:N856K, and S:L981F, and BA.2 contains S:V213G, S:T376A, and S:D405N. Notably, ins214EPE (S1- N-Terminal domain) mutation was found in a significant number of Omicron BA.1 and sub-lineages. The overall Omicron BA.2 lineage was observed in 79.5% of women and 83.2% of men. Conclusion The current study showed a predominance of the Omicron BA.2 variant outcompeting the BA.1 over a period in eastern UP. Most of the cases had a breakthrough infection following the recommended two doses of vaccine with four in five cases being symptomatic. There is a need to further explore the immune evasion properties of the Omicron variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Zaman
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre Gorakhpur (ICMR-RMRC Gorakhpur), Gorakhpur, India
| | - Anita M Shete
- Maximum Containment Facility, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology Pune (ICMR-NIV Pune), Pune, India
| | - Shailendra Kumar Mishra
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre Gorakhpur (ICMR-RMRC Gorakhpur), Gorakhpur, India
| | - Abhinendra Kumar
- Maximum Containment Facility, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology Pune (ICMR-NIV Pune), Pune, India
| | - Mahendra M Reddy
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre Gorakhpur (ICMR-RMRC Gorakhpur), Gorakhpur, India
| | - Rima R Sahay
- Maximum Containment Facility, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology Pune (ICMR-NIV Pune), Pune, India
| | - Shailendra Yadav
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre Gorakhpur (ICMR-RMRC Gorakhpur), Gorakhpur, India
| | - Triparna Majumdar
- Maximum Containment Facility, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology Pune (ICMR-NIV Pune), Pune, India
| | - Ashok K Pandey
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre Gorakhpur (ICMR-RMRC Gorakhpur), Gorakhpur, India
| | - Gaurav Raj Dwivedi
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre Gorakhpur (ICMR-RMRC Gorakhpur), Gorakhpur, India
| | - Hirawati Deval
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre Gorakhpur (ICMR-RMRC Gorakhpur), Gorakhpur, India
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre Gorakhpur (ICMR-RMRC Gorakhpur), Gorakhpur, India
| | - Sthita Pragnya Behera
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre Gorakhpur (ICMR-RMRC Gorakhpur), Gorakhpur, India
| | - Niraj Kumar
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre Gorakhpur (ICMR-RMRC Gorakhpur), Gorakhpur, India
| | - Savita Patil
- Maximum Containment Facility, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology Pune (ICMR-NIV Pune), Pune, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre Gorakhpur (ICMR-RMRC Gorakhpur), Gorakhpur, India
| | - Manisha Dudhmal
- Maximum Containment Facility, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology Pune (ICMR-NIV Pune), Pune, India
| | - Yash Joshi
- Maximum Containment Facility, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology Pune (ICMR-NIV Pune), Pune, India
| | - Aishwarya Shukla
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre Gorakhpur (ICMR-RMRC Gorakhpur), Gorakhpur, India
| | - Pranita Gawande
- Maximum Containment Facility, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology Pune (ICMR-NIV Pune), Pune, India
| | - Asif Kavathekar
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre Gorakhpur (ICMR-RMRC Gorakhpur), Gorakhpur, India
| | - Nalin Kumar
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre Gorakhpur (ICMR-RMRC Gorakhpur), Gorakhpur, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre Gorakhpur (ICMR-RMRC Gorakhpur), Gorakhpur, India
| | - Kamlesh Kumar
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre Gorakhpur (ICMR-RMRC Gorakhpur), Gorakhpur, India
| | - Ravi Shankar Singh
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre Gorakhpur (ICMR-RMRC Gorakhpur), Gorakhpur, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre Gorakhpur (ICMR-RMRC Gorakhpur), Gorakhpur, India
| | - Shashikant Tiwari
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre Gorakhpur (ICMR-RMRC Gorakhpur), Gorakhpur, India
| | - Ajay Verma
- Maximum Containment Facility, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology Pune (ICMR-NIV Pune), Pune, India
| | - Pragya D Yadav
- Maximum Containment Facility, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology Pune (ICMR-NIV Pune), Pune, India
| | - Rajni Kant
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre Gorakhpur (ICMR-RMRC Gorakhpur), Gorakhpur, India
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Takke A, Zarekar M, Muthuraman V, Ashar A, Patil K, Badhavkar A, Trivedi J, Khargekar N, Madkaikar M, Banerjee A. Comparative study of clinical features and vaccination status in Omicron and non-Omicron infected patients during the third wave in Mumbai, India. J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:6135-6142. [PMID: 36618147 PMCID: PMC9810849 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_430_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The Omicron variant-mediated COVID-19 wave is responsible for a global tsunami of cases. There is scarce data about the clinical and epidemiological characteristic analyses of the third wave. We present the data of COVID-19 patients from Mumbai region during the early third wave by taking S-gene target failure (SGTF) as a proxy for probable Omicron cases. Methods We collected retrospective data of RT-PCR-confirmed (COVID-19) patients, and measured the proportion of possible Omicron cases by SGTF. We segregated and analyzed the clinical and lab data of patients with outcomes such as differing symptoms, vaccination coverage, previous infection, and travel history. We also performed a trend analysis of Mumbai's COVID-19 data before and during the third wave. Results All patients had mild clinical symptoms while few were asymptomatic. Myalgia was more significantly present in SGTF/Omicron cases compared to non-SGTF/Delta patients. Out of the total 101 COVID-positive individuals, 94 individuals (93%) had taken two doses of COVID vaccine. Among these 94 individuals, 9 (8.9%) had been previously infected with COVID 19 in the first or second waves. 77.7% of the previously infected were now infected with Omicron variant and only 22.3% by a non-Omicron variant. Conclusion Rapid rise and fall during the third wave in Mumbai was due to Omicron cases gradually replacing Delta. The overall milder clinical spectrum in both Omicron and Delta cases imply that vaccines might not be effective against re-infection but can attenuate disease severity and mortality, as evident by high coverage of vaccination in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Takke
- ICMR- National Institute of Immunohaematology (NIIH), KEM Hospital Campus, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohini Zarekar
- ICMR- National Institute of Immunohaematology (NIIH), KEM Hospital Campus, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vigneshwaran Muthuraman
- ICMR- National Institute of Immunohaematology (NIIH), KEM Hospital Campus, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aditee Ashar
- ICMR- National Institute of Immunohaematology (NIIH), KEM Hospital Campus, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kranti Patil
- ICMR- National Institute of Immunohaematology (NIIH), KEM Hospital Campus, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anagha Badhavkar
- ICMR- National Institute of Immunohaematology (NIIH), KEM Hospital Campus, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jayshil Trivedi
- ICMR- National Institute of Immunohaematology (NIIH), KEM Hospital Campus, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Naveen Khargekar
- ICMR- National Institute of Immunohaematology (NIIH), KEM Hospital Campus, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manisha Madkaikar
- ICMR- National Institute of Immunohaematology (NIIH), KEM Hospital Campus, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anindita Banerjee
- ICMR- National Institute of Immunohaematology (NIIH), KEM Hospital Campus, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Anindita Banerjee, Scientist E (Medical), Head, Department of Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, ICMR- National Institute of Immunohaematology, 13th Floor, New Multistoreyed Building, KEM Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai - 400 012, Maharashtra, India. E-mail:
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