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Galler A, Thönnes A, Joas J, Joisten C, Körner A, Reinehr T, Röbl M, Schauerte G, Siegfried W, Weghuber D, Weihrauch-Blüher S, Wiegand S, Holl RW, Prinz N. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of children, adolescents and young adults with overweight or obesity and mental health disorders. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:423-432. [PMID: 38195831 PMCID: PMC10896720 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01449-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental disorders are important comorbidities in youth with obesity. Aim was to describe the clinical characteristics and outcome of youth with overweight or obesity having comorbid mental disorders. METHODS Data from children, adolescents, and young adults (age 6-30 years) with overweight or obesity and mental disorders (depression, anxiety disorder, eating disorder, attention deficit disorder (ADHD)) from 226 centers in Germany and Austria participating in the Adiposity Patient Registry (APV) were analyzed and compared with those without reported mental disorders using regression modeling. RESULTS Mental health comorbidity was reported in a total of 3969 out of 114,248 individuals with overweight or obesity: 42.5% had ADHD, 31.3% anxiety disorders, 24.3% depression, and 12.9% eating disorders. Being male (OR 1.39 (95%CI 1.27;1.52)), of older age (1.42 (1.25;1.62)), or with extreme obesity (1.45 (1.30;1.63)) were most strongly associated with mental health comorbidity. Regression analysis showed that mean BMI-SDS was significantly higher in the group of individuals with depression and eating disorders (BMI-SDS 2.13 (lower; upper mean:2.09;2.16) and 2.22 (2.17;2.26)) compared to those without reported mental health comorbidity (BMI-SDS 2.008 (2.005;2.011); p < 0.001). In youth with ADHD, BMI-SDS was lower compared to those without reported mental disorders (BMI-SDS 1.91 (1.89;1.93) vs 2.008 (2.005;2.011); p < 0.001). Proportion of severe obesity was higher in individuals with depression (23.7%), anxiety disorders (17.8%), and eating disorders (33.3%), but lower in ADHD (10.3%), compared to those without reported mental disorders (13.5%, p < 0.002). Proportions of dyslipidaemia and abnormal carbohydrate metabolism were not different in youth with and without reported mental health comorbidity. BMI-SDS change after one year of lifestyle intervention program ranged between -0.22 and -0.16 and was similar in youth without and with different mental disorders. CONCLUSION Health care professionals caring for youth with overweight or obesity should be aware of comorbid mental disorders and regular mental health screening should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Galler
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Angelika Thönnes
- Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie and Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jens Joas
- Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Homburg, Germany
| | - Christine Joisten
- Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, Institut für Bewegungs- und Neurowissenschaft, Köln, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Markus Röbl
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Georg-August-Universität, Klinik für Kinder und Jugendmedizin, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Susanna Wiegand
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhard W Holl
- University of Ulm, Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, Ulm, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nicole Prinz
- University of Ulm, Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, Ulm, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
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Shank LM, Moursi NA, Tanofsky-Kraff M. Loss-of-Control Eating and Cardiometabolic Health in Relation to Overweight and Obesity. Curr Diab Rep 2022; 22:257-266. [PMID: 35403985 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-022-01466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Loss-of-control (LOC) eating, the subjective feeling of being unable to control what or how much is being consumed, is common. The purpose of this review was to examine the relationships among LOC eating, cardiometabolic health, and weight management intervention outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS In youth and adults, LOC eating is associated with and predictive of psychological symptoms, high weight, and worsened cardiometabolic health. While LOC eating pre-intervention does not appear to impact outcomes, LOC eating during or following is associated with worsened outcomes from behavioral and surgical weight management interventions. When individuals are undergoing weight management interventions, it may be important to regularly assess for LOC eating. There is limited research on the examined relationships in diverse populations (e.g., males, individuals of a lower socio-economic status, racial/ethnic minority groups). Future research should examine these relationships across the lifespan in diverse populations, with a focus on how these relationships can be impacted through targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Shank
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Medicine, Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, USU, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Nasreen A Moursi
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, USU, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
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Altman DR, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Shank LM, Swanson TN, Ramirez E, Moore NA, Rubin SG, Byrne ME, LeMay-Russell S, Schvey NA, Kelly NR, Parker MN, Gubbi S, Brady SM, Yanovski SZ, Yanovski JA. Assessment of loss-of-control eating in healthy youth by interview and questionnaire. Int J Eat Disord 2020; 53:510-519. [PMID: 32202658 PMCID: PMC7217739 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate two questionnaires, an updated youth version of the questionnaire on eating and weight patterns (Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns-5 Children/Adolescent [QEWP-C-5]) and the Loss-of-Control (LOC) Eating Disorder Questionnaire (LOC-ED-Q), against the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) interview to assess the presence of LOC-eating among youth. METHOD Two-hundred and eighteen youths (12.8 ± 2.7 years) completed the QEWP-C-5, LOC-ED-Q, and EDE, depressive and anxiety questionnaires, and adiposity assessment. Sensitivity, specificity, positive-predictive value, negative-predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy were calculated; Cochran's Q and McNemar's tests were used to compare measures. Receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC) analyses were performed. Mood and adiposity based on LOC-eating presence and absence based on each measure were examined. RESULTS The QEWP-C-5 and LOC-ED-Q demonstrated poor sensitivity (33%; 30%) and high specificity (95%; 96%) compared with the EDE. The AUCs suggested neither the QEWP-C-5 (0.64) nor the LOC-ED-Q (0.62) demonstrated acceptable diagnostic accuracy. Comparing distributions of LOC-eating presence between assessments, the QEWP-C-5 and EDE did not differ significantly (p = .10), while the LOC-ED-Q and EDE had significantly different distributions (p = .03). LOC-eating presence was associated with higher depressive and anxiety symptoms across all measures (ps < .02). Greater adiposity (ps < .02) was associated with LOC-eating presence on the EDE and LOC-ED-Q, and higher BMI z-score (p = .02) on the LOC-ED-Q. DISCUSSION Neither the QEWP-C-5 nor the LOC-ED-Q was sensitive for identifying LOC-eating presence as determined by the EDE, although both were associated with greater mood symptoms. Research is needed to improve self-report questionnaires to better screen for LOC-eating presence among pediatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah R. Altman
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA,Medical and Clinical Psychology Department, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA,Medical and Clinical Psychology Department, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA,Department of Medicine, Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, USU, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Lisa M. Shank
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA,Metis Foundation, 300 Convent St #1330, San Antonio, TX 78205,Department of Medicine, Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, USU, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Taylor N. Swanson
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA,Metis Foundation, 300 Convent St #1330, San Antonio, TX 78205,Department of Medicine, Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, USU, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Eliana Ramirez
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nia A. Moore
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sarah G. Rubin
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Meghan E. Byrne
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA,Medical and Clinical Psychology Department, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Sarah LeMay-Russell
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA,Medical and Clinical Psychology Department, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Natasha A. Schvey
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA,Medical and Clinical Psychology Department, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Nichole R. Kelly
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, and Prevention Science, College of Education, 5207 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-5207, USA
| | - Megan N. Parker
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA,Medical and Clinical Psychology Department, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Sriram Gubbi
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sheila M. Brady
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Susan Z. Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA,Office of Obesity Research, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jack A. Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA,Correspondence to: Marian Tanofsky-Kraff, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology and Medicine, USU, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814; ; Phone: 301-295-1482; Fax: 301-400-4296
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Smith AD, Sanchez N, Reynolds C, Casamassima M, Verros M, Annameier SK, Melby C, Johnson SA, Lucas-Thompson RG, Shomaker LB. Associations of parental feeding practices and food reward responsiveness with adolescent stress-eating. Appetite 2020; 152:104715. [PMID: 32315656 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Rates of adolescent obesity have continued to rise over the past decade. As adolescence is an important time for developing eating habits that endure into adulthood, more information is needed about the potentially modifiable family- and individual-level factors that influence the development of common overeating behaviors such as stress-eating during adolescence. In this study, we conducted secondary data analyses to evaluate how parental feeding practices and adolescents' food reward responsiveness related to adolescents' stress-eating during a laboratory test meal. Participants were 90 healthy adolescents (50% female), 12-17 years of age (M = 14.3, SD = 1.7 years), at risk for excess weight gain (BMI percentile M = 92.7, SD = 7.5). Parental feeding behaviors were assessed with parent-report on the Child Feeding Questionnaire-Adolescent Version. Adolescents' relative reward value of food was measured with a behavioral task. Stress-eating was assessed as total energy intake from a buffet lunch meal after adolescents participated in the Trier Social Stress Test adapted for adolescents. Results revealed that parental concern about their child's weight (t = 2.27, p = .02) and adolescents' relative reward value of food (t = 2.24, p = .03) were related to greater stress-eating, controlling for BMI standard score, age, sex, and general perceived stress. Parental restriction was not related to stress-eating in this sample (p = .21). These findings suggest that parental attitudes about their adolescent's weight and adolescents' own internalized responsiveness to food as a reward may play a role in propensity to engage in overeating in response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy D Smith
- Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University, 1570 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States
| | - Natalia Sanchez
- Colorado School of Public Health, 1612 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States
| | - Chelsea Reynolds
- Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University, 1570 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States
| | - Milena Casamassima
- Colorado School of Public Health, 1612 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States
| | - Megan Verros
- Colorado School of Public Health, 1612 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States
| | - Shelly K Annameier
- Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University, 1570 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States
| | - Christopher Melby
- Colorado School of Public Health, 1612 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States; Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, 1501 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States
| | - Sarah A Johnson
- Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, 1501 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States
| | - Rachel G Lucas-Thompson
- Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University, 1570 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States
| | - Lauren B Shomaker
- Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University, 1570 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States; Colorado School of Public Health, 1612 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States.
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Shank LM, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Kelly NR, Jaramillo M, Rubin SG, Altman DR, Byrne ME, LeMay-Russell S, Schvey NA, Broadney MM, Brady SM, Yang SB, Courville AB, Ramirez S, Crist AC, Yanovski SZ, Yanovski JA. The association between alexithymia and eating behavior in children and adolescents. Appetite 2019; 142:104381. [PMID: 31344421 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alexithymia, or the difficulty identifying or describing one's own emotions, may be a risk factor for dysregulated eating and excess weight gain. However, the relationships between alexithymia and eating behaviors in community samples of non-clinical youth have not been well-characterized. We hypothesized that alexithymia would be positively associated with disordered and disinhibited eating in a community-based sample of boys and girls without an eating disorder. METHOD Two hundred children (8-17 years old) across the weight spectrum completed an interview to assess loss of control (LOC) eating and eating-related psychopathology, a laboratory test meal designed to induce disinhibited eating, and questionnaires to assess alexithymia, eating in the absence of hunger, and emotional eating. Linear and logistic regressions were conducted to examine the relationship between alexithymia and eating variables, with age, sex, race, and fat mass as covariates. Test meal analyses also adjusted for lean mass. Given the overlap between alexithymia and depression, all models were repeated with depressive symptoms as an additional covariate. RESULTS Alexithymia was associated with an increased likelihood of reporting LOC eating (p < .05). Moreover, alexithymia was positively associated with disordered eating attitudes, emotional eating, and eating in the absence of hunger (ps < .05). Greater alexithymia was associated with more carbohydrate and less fat intake at the test meal (ps < .05). After adjusting for depressive symptoms, alexithymia remained associated with eating in the absence of hunger and carbohydrate and fat intake (ps < .05). DISCUSSION In healthy children, alexithymia is associated with some facets of eating behavior and food intake. If supported prospectively, these preliminary findings suggest alexithymia may be a modifiable risk factor to reduce disordered eating and excess weight gain in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Shank
- Medical and Clinical Psychology Department, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA; Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA; Metis Foundation, 300 Convent St #1330, San Antonio, TX, 78205, USA
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Medical and Clinical Psychology Department, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA; Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Nichole R Kelly
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, and Prevention Science, College of Education, 5207 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403-5207, USA
| | - Manuela Jaramillo
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sarah G Rubin
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Deborah R Altman
- Medical and Clinical Psychology Department, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA; Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Meghan E Byrne
- Medical and Clinical Psychology Department, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA; Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sarah LeMay-Russell
- Medical and Clinical Psychology Department, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA; Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Natasha A Schvey
- Medical and Clinical Psychology Department, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA; Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Miranda M Broadney
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sheila M Brady
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Shanna B Yang
- Nutrition Department, Clinical Research Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Amber B Courville
- Nutrition Department, Clinical Research Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sophie Ramirez
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alexa C Crist
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Susan Z Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA; Office of Obesity Research, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jack A Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Jaramillo M, Burke NL, Shomaker LB, Brady SM, Kozlosky M, Yanovski JA, Tanofsky-Kraff M. Perceived Family Functioning in Relation to Energy Intake in Adolescent Girls with Loss of Control Eating. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1869. [PMID: 30513811 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Family functioning is hypothesized to influence the development, maintenance, and treatment of obesity and eating disorders. However, there are limited data examining family functioning in relation to energy intake in the laboratory among youth at high-risk for eating disorders and excess weight gain. Therefore, we examined the relationship between perceived family functioning and energy intake during a laboratory test meal designed to model a binge episode. We performed hierarchical multiple regression analyses among 108 adolescent girls in an excess weight gain prevention trial. Participants were at high-risk for eating disorders and excess weight gain due to reports of loss of control eating (LOC) and high body mass index (BMI). Participants completed the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale III to assess family adaptability and cohesion. Following an overnight fast, girls consumed lunch from a laboratory test meal. Poorer family adaptability, but not cohesion, was associated with lower percentage of total energy intake from protein and greater percentage of total energy intake from carbohydrates. Neither adaptability nor cohesion were significantly associated with total intake. We conclude that among girls with LOC eating and high BMI, poor reported family adaptability is associated with greater consumption of obesity-promoting macronutrients during binge episodes. Directionality and temporality of this association between unhealthy consumption and family rigidity requires further study.
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Haynos AF, Roberto CA. The effects of restaurant menu calorie labeling on hypothetical meal choices of females with disordered eating. Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:275-283. [PMID: 28130796 PMCID: PMC5378635 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Concerns have been raised that obesity public policy measures may have harmful effects on individuals with eating disorders. However, little research has investigated this topic. We examined the impact of a popular obesity public policy, menu calorie labeling, on hypothetical food choices of women with disordered eating. Seven hundred sixteen adult females completed an online survey in which they were randomly assigned to receive a restaurant menu with or without calorie information listed. Participants selected foods representative of a meal they would choose to consume and answered questions on restaurant ordering and menu labeling. Participants completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (Fairburn & Beglin, ) to assess global eating pathology. Diagnoses of anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge-eating disorder (BED) were also derived from this measure. Generalized linear modeling examined the impact of menu label condition, disordered eating, and the menu label by disordered eating interaction on hypothetical food selection and related variables. When disordered eating was examined continuously, menu labeling did not differentially affect food selections of those with elevated disordered eating (p = .45). However, when examined by eating disorder diagnosis, participants with AN or BN ordered significantly fewer (p < .001) and participants with BED ordered significantly more (p = .001) calories in the menu label versus no label condition. Menu labeling may decrease the calories ordered among individuals with AN or BN and increase calories ordered among individuals with BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann F. Haynos
- University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN
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Baxter SD, Hitchcock DB, Royer JA, Smith AF, Guinn CH. Fourth-Grade Children's Reporting Accuracy for Amounts Eaten at School-Provided Meals: Insight from a Reporting-Error-Sensitive Analytic Approach Applied to Validation Study Data. J Acad Nutr Diet 2016; 116:1932-1941. [PMID: 27720409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Validation studies that have directly assessed reporting accuracy for amounts eaten have provided results in various ways. OBJECTIVE To analyze amount categories of a reporting-error-sensitive approach for insight concerning reporting accuracy for amounts eaten. DESIGN For a cross-sectional validation study, children were observed eating school-provided breakfast and lunch, and randomized to one of eight 24-hour recall conditions (two retention intervals [short and long] crossed with four prompts [forward, meal name, open, and reverse]). PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Data collected during 3 school years (2011-2012 to 2013-2014) on 455 children from 10 schools (four districts) in a southern US state. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Items were classified as matches (observed and reported), omissions (observed but unreported), or intrusions (unobserved but reported). Within amount categories (matches [corresponding, overreported, and underreported], intrusions [overreported], and omissions [underreported]), item amounts were converted to kilocalories. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED A multilevel model was fit with food-level explanatory variables (amount category and meal) and child-level explanatory variables (retention interval, prompt, sex, and race/ethnicity). To investigate inaccuracy differences, t tests on three contrasts were performed. RESULTS Inaccuracy differed by amount category (P<0.001; in order from largest to smallest: omission, intrusion, underreported match, and overreported match), meal (P=0.01; larger for breakfast), retention interval (P=0.003; larger for long), sex (P=0.004; larger for boys), race/ethnicity (P=0.045; largest for non-Hispanic whites), and amount category×meal interaction (P=0.046). Overreported amounts were larger for intrusions than overreported matches (P<0.0001). Underreported amounts were larger for omissions than underreported matches (P<0.0001). Overall underreported amounts (from omissions and underreported matches) exceeded overall overreported amounts (from intrusions and overreported matches) (P<0.003). CONCLUSIONS Amount categories provide a standard way to analyze validation study data on reporting accuracy for amounts eaten, and compare results across studies. Multilevel analytic models reflecting the data structure are recommended for inference. To enhance reporting accuracy for amounts eaten, focus on increasing reports of correct items, thereby yielding more matches with fewer intrusions and omissions.
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Fearnbach SN, Thivel D, Meyermann K, Keller KL. Intake at a single, palatable buffet test meal is associated with total body fat and regional fat distribution in children. Appetite 2015; 92:233-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Jarcho JM, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Nelson EE, Engel SG, Vannucci A, Field SE, Romer AL, Hannallah L, Brady SM, Demidowich AP, Shomaker LB, Courville AB, Pine DS, Yanovski JA. Neural activation during anticipated peer evaluation and laboratory meal intake in overweight girls with and without loss of control eating. Neuroimage 2015; 108:343-53. [PMID: 25550068 PMCID: PMC4323624 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The interpersonal model of loss of control (LOC) eating proposes that socially distressing situations lead to anxious states that trigger excessive food consumption. Self-reports support these links, but the neurobiological underpinnings of these relationships remain unclear. We therefore examined brain regions associated with anxiety in relation to LOC eating and energy intake in the laboratory. Twenty-two overweight and obese (BMIz: 1.9±0.4) adolescent (15.8±1.6y) girls with LOC eating (LOC+, n=10) and without LOC eating (LOC-, n=12) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a simulated peer interaction chatroom paradigm. Immediately after the fMRI scan, girls consumed lunch ad libitum from a 10,934-kcal laboratory buffet meal with the instruction to "let yourself go and eat as much as you want." Pre-specified hypotheses regarding activation of five regions of interest were tested. Analysis of fMRI data revealed a significant group by peer feedback interaction in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), such that LOC+ had less activity following peer rejection (vs. acceptance), while LOC- had increased activity (p<.005). Moreover, functional coupling between vmPFC and striatum for peer rejection (vs. acceptance) interacted with LOC status: coupling was positive for LOC+, but negative in LOC- (p<.005). Activity of fusiform face area (FFA) during negative peer feedback from high-value peers also interacted with LOC status (p<.005). A positive association between FFA activation and intake during the meal was observed among only those with LOC eating. In conclusion, overweight and obese girls with LOC eating may be distinguished by a failure to engage regions of prefrontal cortex implicated in emotion regulation in response to social distress. The relationship between FFA activation and food intake supports the notion that heightened sensitivity to incoming interpersonal cues and perturbations in socio-emotional neural circuits may lead to overeating in order to cope with negative affect elicited by social discomfort in susceptible youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Jarcho
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg 15K, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, DHHS, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Eric E Nelson
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg 15K, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Scott G Engel
- Neuropsychiatric Research Institute and University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 700 1st Ave S, Fargo, ND 58103, USA
| | - Anna Vannucci
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, DHHS, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sara E Field
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, DHHS, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adrienne L Romer
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg 15K, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Louise Hannallah
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, DHHS, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sheila M Brady
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, DHHS, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew P Demidowich
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, DHHS, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lauren B Shomaker
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, DHHS, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amber B Courville
- Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, NIH, DHHS, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel S Pine
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg 15K, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jack A Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, DHHS, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Gill R, Chen Q, D'Angelo D, Chung WK. Eating in the absence of hunger but not loss of control behaviors are associated with 16p11.2 deletions. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:2625-31. [PMID: 25234362 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The ∼600-kb BP4-BP5 16p11.2 deletion has been consistently associated with obesity. We studied two heritable disinhibited eating behaviors, eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) and loss of control (LOC), to better characterize the relationship between the deletion and obesity. METHODS Our study population included ninety-three 16p11.2 CNV carriers (64 with deletions and 29 with duplications) and their families. We performed analyses using linear mixed models and focused on deletion carriers. RESULTS We confirmed previous associations between the 16p11.2 deletion and obesity (P < 0.0001) and between all EAH subscales and obesity (P < 0.05), after adjusting for confounders. We found significant associations between the deletion and EAH due to external cues (P = 0.004) and EAH due to boredom (P = 0.003), but not EAH due to fatigue/anxiety or negative affect. Conditioning BMI on the 16p11.2 deletion and each EAH behavior did not abolish the association between the deletion and obesity. LOC was underrepresented and not associated with the deletion. CONCLUSIONS We report evidence that the 16p11.2 deletion may influence specific obesity-associated disinhibited eating behaviors: EAH due to external trigger and EAH due to boredom. Prospective studies are needed to confirm the temporal order of EAH behaviors and obesity related to the deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Gill
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Madowitz J, Liang J, Peterson CB, Rydell S, Zucker NL, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Harnack L, Boutelle KN. Concurrent and convergent validity of the eating in the absence of hunger questionnaire and behavioral paradigm in overweight children. Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:287-95. [PMID: 24186043 PMCID: PMC4104791 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the concurrent and convergent validity of the Eating in the Absence of Hunger (EAH) questionnaire parent report of child (EAH-PC) and child self-report (EAH-C) with the EAH behavioral paradigm (EAH%) and usual dietary intake. METHOD Data were obtained at baseline assessment for 117 treatment-seeking overweight and obese (BMI > 85th percentile) 8- to 12-year old children (53% female, 54% white) and their parents. Children participated in the EAH free access paradigm after a standardized ad libitum meal. Parents and children completed EAH questionnaires, and the children completed three 24 h recalls. EAH External Eating subscale and total scores were assessed. RESULTS EAH% was inversely associated with the EAH-PC total score (p < .04), however, it was not associated with the EAH-PC External Eating scale, EAH-C total score or EAH-C External Eating scale. Daily caloric intake was positively related to both the EAH-C total score (p < .02) and External Eating subscale (p < .007). Daily caloric intake was inversely related to EAH-PC total score (p < .05), but was not related to EAH-PC External Eating subscale or EAH%. DISCUSSION Concurrent validity was not supported for EAH questionnaires, but convergent validity was supported for EAH-C and child daily caloric intake. Further research is warranted to assess whether EAH questionnaires and paradigm are measuring different aspects of EAH in treatment-seeking children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Madowitz
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, California,Correspondence to: Jennifer Madowitz; San Diego State University/ University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, California.
| | - June Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Carol B. Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sarah Rydell
- Department of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Nancy L. Zucker
- Department of Psychiatry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lisa Harnack
- Department of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kerri N. Boutelle
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, California,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, La Jolla, California
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Mooreville M, Shomaker LB, Reina SA, Hannallah LM, Adelyn Cohen L, Courville AB, Kozlosky M, Brady SM, Condarco T, Yanovski SZ, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Yanovski JA. Depressive symptoms and observed eating in youth. Appetite 2014; 75:141-9. [PMID: 24424352 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Depressive symptoms in youth may be a risk factor for obesity, with altered eating behaviors as one possible mechanism. We tested whether depressive symptoms were associated with observed eating patterns expected to promote excessive weight gain in two separate samples. In Study 1, 228 non-treatment-seeking youth, ages 12-17y (15.3±1.4y; 54.7% female), self-reported depressive symptoms using the Beck Depression Inventory. Energy intake was measured as consumption from a 10,934-kcal buffet meal served at 11:00am after an overnight fast. In Study 2, 204 non-treatment-seeking youth, ages 8-17y (13.0±2.8y; 49.5% female), self-reported depressive symptoms using the Children's Depression Inventory. Energy intake was measured as consumption from a 9835-kcal buffet meal served at 2:30pm after a standard breakfast. In Study 1, controlling for body composition and other relevant covariates, depressive symptoms were positively related to total energy intake in girls and boys. In Study 2, adjusting for the same covariates, depressive symptoms among girls only were positively associated with total energy intake. Youth high in depressive symptoms and dietary restraint consumed the most energy from sweets. In both studies, the effects of depressive symptoms on intake were small. Nevertheless, depressive symptoms were associated with significantly greater consumption of total energy and energy from sweet snack foods, which, over time, could be anticipated to promote excess weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Mooreville
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lauren B Shomaker
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, 1570 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80524, USA.
| | - Samantha A Reina
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Louise M Hannallah
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - L Adelyn Cohen
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Amber B Courville
- Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Merel Kozlosky
- Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sheila M Brady
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tania Condarco
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Susan Z Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, 6707 Democracy Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Jack A Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Theim KR, Wilfley DE, Beach E, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Goldschmidt AB. Content of children's loss of control eating episodes assessed by self-report and laboratory test meal. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2014; 22:72-6. [PMID: 24019221 PMCID: PMC4096902 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric loss of control (LOC) eating heightens risk for excessive weight gain and further disordered eating. Assessment of LOC typically involves self-report interview or laboratory test meal, although no study has concurrently examined data from both methods. We gathered eating episode data via interview (Child Eating Disorder Examination; ChEDE) and a laboratory test meal, among 22 overweight girls (aged 7-12 years) reporting LOC eating. Children consumed more energy during ChEDE episodes, although ChEDE and test meal episodes did not differ in macronutrient content. Episodes' correlation for amount consumed (grams) did not reach significance, p = .076. In exploratory analyses among the seven children reporting LOC during the test meal, episodes were significantly correlated for grams consumed. Findings provide preliminary data to suggest that semi-structured interviews accurately capture children's LOC episode quantity. Episodes did not qualitatively differ, although children reported consuming more energy during self-reported episodes. Replication is warranted in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly R Theim
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Glasofer DR, Haaga DA, Hannallah L, Field SE, Kozlosky M, Reynolds J, Yanovski JA, Tanofsky-Kraff M. Self-efficacy beliefs and eating behavior in adolescent girls at-risk for excess weight gain and binge eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:663-8. [PMID: 23881587 PMCID: PMC3938189 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between self-related agency beliefs and observed eating behavior in adolescent girls with loss of control (LOC) eating. METHOD One-hundred eleven adolescent girls (14.5 ± 1.7 years; BMI: 27.1 ± 2.6 kg/m(2)) were administered the General Self-Efficacy Scale and the Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire (WEL). Adolescents then participated in a laboratory test meal. RESULTS Greater general and eating self-efficacy were associated with fewer episodes of LOC eating. General self-efficacy was inversely related to total intake at the meal (p < .01). Only the WEL availability subscale score, but not the other WEL subscales, was inversely related to total energy, snack, and dessert intake (ps < 0.05). DISCUSSION General self-related agency beliefs may be important in relation to energy consumption. Among girls susceptible to disordered eating and obesity, the domain-specific belief in one's ability to refrain from eating when food is widely available may be especially salient in determining overeating in the current food environment. Further research is therefore needed to assess the predictive validity of these beliefs on eating and weight outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah R. Glasofer
- Division of Clinical Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY
| | | | - Louise Hannallah
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sara E. Field
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - James Reynolds
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Hatfield Clinical Research Center, NIH, DHHS
| | - Jack A. Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
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Shomaker LB, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Mooreville M, Reina SA, Courville AB, Field SE, Matheson BE, Brady SM, Yanovski SZ, Yanovski JA. Links of adolescent- and parent-reported eating in the absence of hunger with observed eating in the absence of hunger. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:1243-50. [PMID: 23913735 PMCID: PMC3740450 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) typically was assessed by measuring snack intake after consumption of a meal. There were no validated self-report measures of EAH. The relationship of adolescent self-report and parent-reported EAH to adolescents' measured intake in the absence of hunger was examined. DESIGN AND METHODS Ninety adolescents completed the Eating in the Absence of Hunger Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (EAH-C) to describe eating when not hungry. Parents described children's EAH on a parallel version designed for parents (EAH-P). In a randomized crossover study, adolescent EAH in response to external cues was measured as snack intake after a lunch meal standardized to provide 50% of daily energy requirements and after a large array (>10,000 kcal). RESULTS Parents' reports of children's EAH in response to external cues were associated with greater EAH after both meals, adjusting for body composition, sex, age, race, puberty, and meal intake. Adolescent-reported EAH was unrelated or showed an inverse association with observed EAH. CONCLUSIONS Parent-reported EAH showed a positive association with adolescents' observed EAH and may be a useful research and clinical tool for assessing EAH in response to external cues in conditions when laboratory assessments are not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B. Shomaker
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology (MPS), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS)
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology (MPS), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS)
| | - Mira Mooreville
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
| | - Samantha A. Reina
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
| | | | - Sara E. Field
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology (MPS), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS)
| | - Brittany E. Matheson
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology (MPS), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS)
| | - Sheila M. Brady
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
| | - Susan Z. Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH
| | - Jack A. Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH)
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Sonneville KR, Horton NJ, Micali N, Crosby RD, Swanson SA, Solmi F, Field AE. Longitudinal associations between binge eating and overeating and adverse outcomes among adolescents and young adults: does loss of control matter? JAMA Pediatr 2013; 167:149-55. [PMID: 23229786 PMCID: PMC3654655 DOI: 10.1001/2013.jamapediatrics.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between overeating (without loss of control) and binge eating (overeating with loss of control) and adverse outcomes. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Adolescents and young adults living throughout the United States. PARTICIPANTS Sixteen thousand eight hundred eighty-two males and females participating in the Growing Up Today Study who were 9 to 15 years old at enrollment in 1996. MAIN EXPOSURE Overeating and binge eating assessed via questionnaire every 12 to 24 months between 1996 and 2005. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Risk of becoming overweight or obese, starting to binge drink frequently, starting to use marijuana, starting to use other drugs, and developing high levels of depressive symptoms. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate associations. All models controlled for age and sex; additional covariates varied by outcome. RESULTS Among this large cohort of adolescents and young adults, binge eating was more common among females than males. In fully adjusted models, binge eating, but not overeating, was associated with incident overweight/obesity (odds ratio, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.11-2.69) and the onset of high depressive symptoms (odds ratio, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.40-3.45). Neither overeating nor binge eating was associated with starting to binge drink frequently, while both overeating and binge eating predicted starting to use marijuana and other drugs. CONCLUSIONS Although any overeating, with or without loss of control, predicted the onset of marijuana and other drug use, we found that binge eating is uniquely predictive of incident overweight/obesity and the onset of high depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that loss of control is an important indicator of severity of overeating episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendrin R. Sonneville
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nicholas J. Horton
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Smith College, Northampton, MA
| | - Nadia Micali
- University College London, Institute of Child Health, Behavioural and Brain Sciences Unit, London, UK
| | - Ross D. Crosby
- Neuropsychiatric Research Institute and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, ND
| | - Sonja A. Swanson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Francesca Solmi
- University College London, Institute of Child Health, Behavioural and Brain Sciences Unit, London, UK
| | - Alison E. Field
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Abstract
The onset of psychiatric symptoms and disorders is relatively common in childhood, occurring among youths across the weight spectrum. However, available research suggests that certain psychiatric comorbidities are more prevalent in obese children and adolescents than in healthy weight youths. First, we review research on disordered eating, including evidence to suggest that loss of control eating is associated with weight gain and obesity in youths, as well as poor outcome in family-based treatment of paediatric obesity. Second, we highlight evidence on the relationship between depression and obesity, especially in girls. Third, we present data on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), particularly the symptoms of impulsivity and inattention, and childhood obesity. We also consider that some medical conditions and psychotropic medications contribute to weight gain and obesity in children and adolescents. Throughout the review, we emphasize that psychiatric comorbidity may be a cause or consequence of childhood obesity, or they may share common aetiological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Kalarchian
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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