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Thirion A, Loots DT, Williams ME, Solomons R, Mason S. 1H-NMR metabolomics investigation of CSF from children with HIV reveals altered neuroenergetics due to persistent immune activation. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1270041. [PMID: 38745940 PMCID: PMC11091326 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1270041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background HIV can invade the central nervous system (CNS) early during infection, invading perivascular macrophages and microglia, which, in turn, release viral particles and immune mediators that dysregulate all brain cell types. Consequently, children living with HIV often present with neurodevelopmental delays. Methods In this study, we used proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy to analyze the neurometabolic profile of HIV infection using cerebrospinal fluid samples obtained from 17 HIV+ and 50 HIV- South African children. Results Nine metabolites, including glucose, lactate, glutamine, 1,2-propanediol, acetone, 3-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, 2-hydroxybutyrate, and myo-inositol, showed significant differences when comparing children infected with HIV and those uninfected. These metabolites may be associated with activation of the innate immune response and disruption of neuroenergetics pathways. Conclusion These results elucidate the neurometabolic state of children infected with HIV, including upregulation of glycolysis, dysregulation of ketone body metabolism, and elevated reactive oxygen species production. Furthermore, we hypothesize that neuroinflammation alters astrocyte-neuron communication, lowering neuronal activity in children infected with HIV, which may contribute to the neurodevelopmental delay often observed in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anicia Thirion
- Department of Biochemistry, Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Du Toit Loots
- Department of Biochemistry, Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Monray E. Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Regan Solomons
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Shayne Mason
- Department of Biochemistry, Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Rodriguez NR, Fortune T, Hegde E, Weinstein MP, Keane AM, Mangold JF, Swartz TH. Oxidative phosphorylation in HIV-1 infection: impacts on cellular metabolism and immune function. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1360342. [PMID: 38529284 PMCID: PMC10962326 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1360342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) presents significant challenges to the immune system, predominantly characterized by CD4+ T cell depletion, leading to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively suppresses the viral load in people with HIV (PWH), leading to a state of chronic infection that is associated with inflammation. This review explores the complex relationship between oxidative phosphorylation, a crucial metabolic pathway for cellular energy production, and HIV-1, emphasizing the dual impact of HIV-1 infection and the metabolic and mitochondrial effects of ART. The review highlights how HIV-1 infection disrupts oxidative phosphorylation, promoting glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis to facilitate viral replication. ART can exacerbate metabolic dysregulation despite controlling viral replication, impacting mitochondrial DNA synthesis and enhancing reactive oxygen species production. These effects collectively contribute to significant changes in oxidative phosphorylation, influencing immune cell metabolism and function. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generated through oxidative phosphorylation can influence the metabolic landscape of infected cells through ATP-detected purinergic signaling and contributes to immunometabolic dysfunction. Future research should focus on identifying specific targets within this pathway and exploring the role of purinergic signaling in HIV-1 pathogenesis to enhance HIV-1 treatment modalities, addressing both viral infection and its metabolic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Talia H. Swartz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Thirion A, Loots DT, Williams ME, Solomons R, Mason S. An exploratory investigation of the CSF metabolic profile of HIV in a South African paediatric cohort using GCxGC-TOF/MS. Metabolomics 2024; 20:33. [PMID: 38427142 PMCID: PMC10907482 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-024-02098-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Because cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples are difficult to obtain for paediatric HIV, few studies have attempted to profile neurometabolic dysregulation. AIM AND OBJECTIVE The aim of this exploratory study was to profile the neurometabolic state of CSF from a South African paediatric cohort using GCxGC-TOF/MS. The study included 54 paediatric cases (< 12 years), 42 HIV-negative controls and 12 HIV-positive individuals. RESULTS The results revealed distinct metabolic alterations in the HIV-infected cohort. In the PLS-DA model, 18 metabolites significantly discriminated between HIV-infected and control groups. In addition, fold-change analysis, Mann-Whitney U tests, and effect size measurements verified these findings. Notably, lactose, myo-inositol, and glycerol, although not significant by p-value alone, demonstrated practical significance based on the effect size. CONCLUSIONS This study provided valuable insights on the impact of HIV on metabolic pathways, including damage to the gut and blood-brain barrier, disruption of bioenergetics processes, gliosis, and a potential marker for antiretroviral therapy. Nevertheless, the study recognized certain constraints, notably a limited sample size and the absence of a validation cohort. Despite these limitations, the rarity of the study's focus on paediatric HIV research underscores the significance and unique contributions of its findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anicia Thirion
- Department of Biochemistry, Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, North West, South Africa
| | - Du Toit Loots
- Department of Biochemistry, Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, North West, South Africa
| | - Monray E Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, North West, South Africa
| | - Regan Solomons
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - Shayne Mason
- Department of Biochemistry, Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, North West, South Africa.
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Mu W, Patankar V, Kitchen S, Zhen A. Examining Chronic Inflammation, Immune Metabolism, and T Cell Dysfunction in HIV Infection. Viruses 2024; 16:219. [PMID: 38399994 PMCID: PMC10893210 DOI: 10.3390/v16020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection remains a significant challenge to global public health. Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART), which has transformed HIV infection from a fatal disease into a manageable chronic condition, a definitive cure remains elusive. One of the key features of HIV infection is chronic immune activation and inflammation, which are strongly associated with, and predictive of, HIV disease progression, even in patients successfully treated with suppressive ART. Chronic inflammation is characterized by persistent inflammation, immune cell metabolic dysregulation, and cellular exhaustion and dysfunction. This review aims to summarize current knowledge of the interplay between chronic inflammation, immune metabolism, and T cell dysfunction in HIV infection, and also discusses the use of humanized mice models to study HIV immune pathogenesis and develop novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Mu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Vaibhavi Patankar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Scott Kitchen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anjie Zhen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA AIDS Institute and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Flora GD, Nayak MK, Ghatge M, Chauhan AK. Metabolic targeting of platelets to combat thrombosis: dawn of a new paradigm? Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2497-2507. [PMID: 37706546 PMCID: PMC10676458 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Current antithrombotic therapies used in clinical settings target either the coagulation pathways or platelet activation receptors (P2Y12 or GPIIb/IIIa), as well as the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme through aspirin. However, they are associated with bleeding risk and are not suitable for long-term use. Thus, novel strategies which provide broad protection against platelet activation with minimal bleeding risks are required. Regardless of the nature of agonist stimulation, platelet activation is an energy-intensive and ATP-driven process characterized by metabolic switching toward a high rate of aerobic glycolysis, relative to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Consequently, there has been considerable interest in recent years in investigating whether targeting metabolic pathways in platelets, especially aerobic glycolysis and OXPHOS, can modulate their activation, thereby preventing thrombosis. This review briefly discusses the choices of metabolic substrates available to platelets that drive their metabolic flexibility. We have comprehensively elucidated the relevance of aerobic glycolysis in facilitating platelet activation and the underlying molecular mechanisms that trigger this switch from OXPHOS. We have provided a detailed account of the antiplatelet effects of targeting vital metabolic checkpoints such as pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) that preferentially drive the pyruvate flux to aerobic glycolysis. Furthermore, we discuss the role of fatty acids and glutamine oxidation in mitochondria and their subsequent role in driving OXPHOS and platelet activation. While the approach of targeting metabolic regulatory mechanisms in platelets to prevent their activation is still in a nascent stage, accumulating evidence highlights its beneficial effects as a potentially novel antithrombotic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagan D Flora
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Manasa K Nayak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Madankumar Ghatge
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Anil K Chauhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Jang Y, Park TS, Park BC, Lee YM, Heo TH, Jun HS. Aberrant glucose metabolism underlies impaired macrophage differentiation in glycogen storage disease type Ib. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23216. [PMID: 37779422 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300592rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type Ib (GSD-Ib) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency in the glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) transporter (G6PT) that is responsible for transporting G6P into the endoplasmic reticulum. GSD-Ib is characterized by disturbances in glucose homeostasis, neutropenia, and neutrophil dysfunction. Although some studies have explored neutrophils abnormalities in GSD-Ib, investigations regarding monocytes/macrophages remain limited so far. In this study, we examined the impact of G6PT deficiency on monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation using bone marrow-derived monocytes from G6pt-/- mice as well as G6PT-deficient human THP-1 monocytes. Our findings revealed that G6PT-deficient monocytes exhibited immature differentiation into macrophages. Notably, the impaired differentiation observed in G6PT-deficient monocytes seemed to be associated with abnormal glucose metabolism, characterized by enhanced glucose consumption through glycolysis, even under quiescent conditions with oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, we observed a reduced secretion of inflammatory cytokines in G6PT-deficient THP-1 monocytes during the inflammatory response, despite their elevated glucose consumption. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the significance of G6PT in monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and underscores its importance in maintaining glucose homeostasis and supporting immune response in GSD-Ib. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of GSD-Ib and potentially pave the way for the development of targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyeon Jang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Sub Park
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, and Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Park
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, and Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mok Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tae-Hwe Heo
- Laboratory of Pharmacoimmunology, Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and BK21 FOUR Team for Advanced Program for SmartPharma Leaders, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sik Jun
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
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Kim J, Kim Y, La J, Park WH, Kim HJ, Park SH, Ku KB, Kang BH, Lim J, Kwon MS, Lee HK. Supplementation with a high-glucose drink stimulates anti-tumor immune responses to glioblastoma via gut microbiota modulation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113220. [PMID: 37804509 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A high-sugar diet induces lifestyle-associated metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, which may underlie the pro-tumor effects of a high-sugar diet. We supply GL261 syngeneic glioblastoma (GBM) mice with a short-term high-glucose drink (HGD) and find an increased survival rate with no evidence of metabolic disease. Modulation of the gut microbiota through HGD supplementation is critical for enhancing the anti-tumor immune response. Single-cell RNA sequencing shows that gut microbiota modulation by HGD supplementation increases the T cell-mediated anti-tumor immune response in GBM mice. We find that the cytotoxic CD4+ T cell population in GBM is increased due to synergy with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitors, but this effect depends upon HGD supplementation. Thus, we determine that HGD supplementation enhances anti-tumor immune responses in GBM mice through gut microbiota modulation and suggest that the role of HGD supplementation in GBM should be re-examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yumin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongwoo La
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hyung Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Bon Ku
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Hoon Kang
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Lim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Seung Kwon
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Kyu Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Kaushik N, Patel P, Bhartiya P, Shin Y, Kim JH, Choi EH, Kaushik NK. Glycolytic stress deteriorates 229E virulence to improve host defense response. Microbes Infect 2023; 25:105150. [PMID: 37178787 PMCID: PMC10174727 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Viral infection treatment is a difficult task due to its complex structure and metabolism. Additionally, viruses can alter the metabolism of host cells, mutate, and readily adjust to harsh environments. Coronavirus stimulates glycolysis, weakens mitochondrial activity, and impairs infected cells. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of 2-DG in inhibiting coronavirus-induced metabolic processes and antiviral host defense systems, which have not been explored so far. 2-Deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG), a molecule restricting substrate availability, has recently gained attention as a potential antiviral drug. The results revealed that 229E human coronavirus promoted glycolysis, producing a significant increase in the concentration of fluorescent 2-NBDG, a glucose analog, particularly in the infected host cells. The addition of 2-DG decreased its viral replication and suppressed infection-induced cell death and cytopathic effects, thereby improving the antiviral host defense response. It was also observed that administration of low doses of 2-DG inhibited glucose uptake, indicating that 2-DG consumption in virus-infected host cells was mediated by high-affinity glucose transporters, whose levels were amplified upon coronavirus infection. Our findings indicated that 2-DG could be a potential drug to improve the host defense system in coronavirus-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Kaushik
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong, 18323, Republic of Korea
| | - Paritosh Patel
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Pradeep Bhartiya
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Yungoh Shin
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - June Hyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong, 18323, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Herbert C, Luies L, Loots DT, Williams AA. The metabolic consequences of HIV/TB co-infection. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:536. [PMID: 37592227 PMCID: PMC10436461 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The synergy between the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis during co-infection of a host is well known. While this synergy is known to be driven by immunological deterioration, the metabolic mechanisms that contribute to the associated disease burden experienced during HIV/tuberculosis (TB) co-infection remain poorly understood. Furthermore, while anti-HIV treatments suppress viral replication, these therapeutics give rise to host metabolic disruption and adaptations beyond that induced by only infection or disease. METHODS In this study, the serum metabolic profiles of healthy controls, untreated HIV-negative TB-positive patients, untreated HIV/TB co-infected patients, and HIV/TB co-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART), were measured using two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Since no global metabolic profile for HIV/TB co-infection and the effect of ART has been published to date, this pilot study aimed to elucidate the general areas of metabolism affected during such conditions. RESULTS HIV/TB co-infection induced significant changes to the host's lipid and protein metabolism, with additional microbial product translocation from the gut to the blood. The results suggest that HIV augments TB synergistically, at least in part, contributing to increased inflammation, oxidative stress, ART-induced mitochondrial damage, and its detrimental effects on gut health, which in turn, affects energy availability. ART reverses these trends to some extent in HIV/TB co-infected patients but not to that of healthy controls. CONCLUSION This study generated several new hypotheses that could direct future metabolic studies, which could be combined with other research techniques or methodologies to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms of these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandré Herbert
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Laneke Luies
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Du Toit Loots
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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10
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Wang YY, Zhen C, Hu W, Huang HH, Li YJ, Zhou MJ, Li J, Fu YL, Zhang P, Li XY, Yang T, Song JW, Fan X, Zou J, Meng SR, Qin YQ, Jiao YM, Xu R, Zhang JY, Zhou CB, Yuan JH, Huang L, Shi M, Cheng L, Wang FS, Zhang C. Elevated glutamate impedes anti-HIV-1 CD8 + T cell responses in HIV-1-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy. Commun Biol 2023; 6:696. [PMID: 37419968 PMCID: PMC10328948 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04975-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8 + T cells are essential for long-lasting HIV-1 control and have been harnessed to develop therapeutic and preventive approaches for people living with HIV-1 (PLWH). HIV-1 infection induces marked metabolic alterations. However, it is unclear whether these changes affect the anti-HIV function of CD8 + T cells. Here, we show that PLWH exhibit higher levels of plasma glutamate than healthy controls. In PLWH, glutamate levels positively correlate with HIV-1 reservoir and negatively correlate with the anti-HIV function of CD8 + T cells. Single-cell metabolic modeling reveals glutamate metabolism is surprisingly robust in virtual memory CD8 + T cells (TVM). We further confirmed that glutamate inhibits TVM cells function via the mTORC1 pathway in vitro. Our findings reveal an association between metabolic plasticity and CD8 + T cell-mediated HIV control, suggesting that glutamate metabolism can be exploited as a therapeutic target for the reversion of anti-HIV CD8 + T cell function in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Yuan Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Zhen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Emergency, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Huang Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Jun Li
- Guangxi AIDS Clinical Treatment Centre, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Ming-Ju Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Long Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Wen Song
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Guangxi AIDS Clinical Treatment Centre, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Si-Run Meng
- Guangxi AIDS Clinical Treatment Centre, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Ya-Qin Qin
- Guangxi AIDS Clinical Treatment Centre, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Yan-Mei Jiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ruonan Xu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Bao Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Hong Yuan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.
- Guangxi AIDS Clinical Treatment Centre, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.
- Guangxi AIDS Clinical Treatment Centre, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China.
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11
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Wanjalla CN, Simmons J, Oakes J, Zhang X, Nochowicz C, Priest S, Bailin SS, Warren CM, Mashayekhi M, Beasley HK, Wang J, Meenderink L, Sheng Q, Stolze J, Gangula R, Chopra A, Gabriel CL, Temu T, Pakala S, Wilfong EM, Gianella S, Phillips EJ, Harrison DG, Hinton A, Kalams SA, Mallal SA, Koethe JR. Distinct CD3 + CD14 + T Cell-Monocytes are dynamic complexes that harbor HIV and are increased with glucose intolerance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.24.538020. [PMID: 37162990 PMCID: PMC10168203 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.24.538020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Persistent systemic inflammation in persons with HIV (PWH) is accompanied by an increased risk of metabolic disease. Yet, changes in the innate and adaptive immune system in PWH who develop metabolic disease remain poorly defined. Using unbiased approaches, we show that PWH with prediabetes/diabetes have a significantly higher proportion of circulating CD14 + monocytes complexed to T cells. The complexed CD3 + T cells and CD14 + monocytes demonstrate functional immune synapses, increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and greater glucose utilization. Furthermore, these complexes harbor more latent HIV DNA compared to CD14 + monocytes or CD4 + T cells. Our results demonstrate that circulating CD3 + CD14 + T cell-monocyte pairs represent functional dynamic cellular interactions that likely contribute to inflammation and, in light of their increased proportion, may have a role in metabolic disease pathogenesis. These findings provide an incentive for future studies to investigate T cell-monocyte immune complexes as mechanistic in HIV cure and diseases of aging. Highlights Persons with HIV and diabetes have increased circulating CD3 + CD14 + T cell-monocyte complexes. CD3 + CD14 + T cell-monocytes are a heterogenous group of functional and dynamic complexes. We can detect HIV in T cell-monocyte complexes. The proportion of CD3 + CD14 + T cell-monocyte complexes is positively associated with blood glucose levels and negatively with plasma IL-10 and CD4 + T regulatory cells.
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12
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Liu S, Liao S, Liang L, Deng J, Zhou Y. The relationship between CD4 + T cell glycolysis and their functions. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:345-360. [PMID: 37061430 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells are effector T cells (Teffs) produced by the differentiation of initial T cells in peripheral lymphoid tissue after being attacked by antigens, and have an indispensable role in the development and activation of B cells and CD8+ T cells to regulate and assist immunity. In this review, we provide a new perspective on the relationship between CD4+ T cell glycolysis and its function. We summarize the effects of changes in the glycolysis level of CD4+ T cells on their activation, differentiation, proliferation, and survival. In addition, we emphasize that regulation of the glycolysis level of CD4+ T cells changes their inflammatory phenotypes and function. The study of immune metabolism has received more attention recently, but more work is needed to answer many open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Shan Liao
- Department of Pathology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Lin Liang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Early Clinical Trial Center, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
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13
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Atehortua L, Baig M, Morris J, Trentman S, Davidson WS, Fichtenbaum CJ, Chougnet CA. Impaired response of memory Treg to high density lipoproteins is associated with intermediate/high cardiovascular disease risk in persons with HIV. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1146624. [PMID: 36969259 PMCID: PMC10036595 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1146624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of enhanced morbidity and mortality in persons with HIV (PWH) in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (AART). However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Regulatory T cells (Treg), notably the highly suppressive memory subset, have been shown to limit CVD. Importantly, memory Treg cell numbers remain low in many treated PWH. High density lipoproteins (HDL) also protect from CVD, and we previously found that Treg-HDL interactions reduce oxidative stress in these cells. Here, we evaluated Treg-HDL interactions in PWH and whether they were operative in those higher CVD risk. To do that, we recruited a cohort of PWH with intermediate/high CVD risk (median ASCVD risk score of 13.2%, n=15) or low/borderline risk (median ASCVD risk score of 3.6%, n=14), as well as a group of statins treated PWH with intermediate/high CVD risk (median ASCVD risk score of 12.7%, n=14). We evaluated Treg frequency, phenotype and response to HDL. PWH with Int/High CVD risk had a significantly lower number of memory Treg, but memory Treg were more activated and displayed an inflammatory phenotype, versus those with Low/BL CVD risk. In untreated patients, Treg absolute numbers were negatively correlated with ASCVD score. Although HDL decreased oxidative stress in memory Treg in all subjects, memory Treg from PWH with Int/High CVD risk were significantly less responsive to HDL than those from PWH with Low/BL CVD risk. The level of oxidative stress in memory Treg positively correlated with ASCVD scores. In contrast, plasma HDL from PWH, regardless of CVD risk, retained their anti-oxidative properties, suggesting that the defect in memory Treg response to HDL is intrinsic. Statin treatment partially ameliorated the memory Treg defect. In conclusion, the defective HDL-Treg interactions may contribute to the inflammation-induced increased CVD risk observed in many AART-treated PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Atehortua
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Mirza Baig
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jamie Morris
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Sarah Trentman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - W. Sean Davidson
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Carl J. Fichtenbaum
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Claire A. Chougnet
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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14
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1,2- 13C 2-Glucose Tracing Approach to Assess Metabolic Alterations of Human Monocytes under Neuroinflammatory Conditions. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:765-781. [PMID: 36661537 PMCID: PMC9857935 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is one of the common features in most neurological diseases including multiple sclerosis (MScl) and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is associated with local brain inflammation, microglial activation, and infiltration of peripheral immune cells into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the central nervous system (CNS). It has been shown that the diversity of phenotypic changes in monocytes in CSF relates to neuroinflammation. It remains to be investigated whether these phenotypic changes are associated with functional or metabolic alteration, which may give a hint to their function or changes in cell states, e.g., cell activation. In this article, we investigate whether major metabolic pathways of blood monocytes alter after exposure to CSF of healthy individuals or patients with AD or MScl. Our findings show a significant alteration of the metabolism of monocytes treated with CSF from patients and healthy donors, including higher production of citric acid and glutamine, suggesting a more active glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and reduced production of glycine and serine. These alterations suggest metabolic reprogramming of monocytes, possibly related to the change of compartment (from blood to CSF) and/or disease-related. Moreover, the levels of serine differ between AD and MScl, suggesting different phenotypic alterations between diseases.
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15
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Leacy E, Batten I, Sanelli L, McElheron M, Brady G, Little MA, Khouri H. Optimal LC-MS metabolomic profiling reveals emergent changes to monocyte metabolism in response to lipopolysaccharide. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1116760. [PMID: 37033938 PMCID: PMC10077522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1116760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immunometabolism examines the links between immune cell function and metabolism. Dysregulation of immune cell metabolism is now an established feature of innate immune cell activation. Advances in liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technologies have allowed discovery of unique insights into cellular metabolomics. Here we have studied and compared different sample preparation techniques and data normalisation methods described in the literature when applied to metabolomic profiling of human monocytes. Methods Primary monocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for four hours was used as a study model. Monocytes (n=24) were freshly isolated from whole blood and stimulated for four hours with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A methanol-based extraction protocol was developed and metabolomic profiling carried out using a Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) LC-MS method. Data analysis pipelines used both targeted and untargeted approaches, and over 40 different data normalisation techniques to account for technical and biological variation were examined. Cytokine levels in supernatants were measured by ELISA. Results This method provided broad coverage of the monocyte metabolome. The most efficient and consistent normalisation method was measurement of residual protein in the metabolite fraction, which was further validated and optimised using a commercial kit. Alterations to the monocyte metabolome in response to LPS can be detected as early as four hours post stimulation. Broad and profound changes in monocyte metabolism were seen, in line with increased cytokine production. Elevated levels of amino acids and Krebs cycle metabolites were noted and decreases in aspartate and β-alanine are also reported for the first time. In the untargeted analysis, 154 metabolite entities were significantly altered compared to unstimulated cells. Pathway analysis revealed the most prominent changes occurred to (phospho-) inositol metabolism, glycolysis, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Discussion These data report the emergent changes to monocyte metabolism in response to LPS, in line with reports from later time points. A number of these metabolites are reported to alter inflammatory gene expression, which may facilitate the increases in cytokine production. Further validation is needed to confirm the link between metabolic activation and upregulation of inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Leacy
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Emma Leacy, ; Mark A. Little,
| | - Isabella Batten
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laetitia Sanelli
- Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Matthew McElheron
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gareth Brady
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark A. Little
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Health Kidney Centre, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Emma Leacy, ; Mark A. Little,
| | - Hania Khouri
- Agilent Technologies, Stockpoty, England, United Kingdom
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16
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Li SY, Yin LB, Ding HB, Liu M, Lv JN, Li JQ, Wang J, Tang T, Fu YJ, Jiang YJ, Zhang ZN, Shang H. Altered lipid metabolites accelerate early dysfunction of T cells in HIV-infected rapid progressors by impairing mitochondrial function. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1106881. [PMID: 36875092 PMCID: PMC9981933 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1106881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex mechanism of immune-system damage in HIV infection is incompletely understood. HIV-infected "rapid progressors" (RPs) have severe damage to the immune system early in HIV infection, which provides a "magnified" opportunity to study the interaction between HIV and the immune system. In this study, forty-four early HIV-infected patients (documented HIV acquisition within the previous 6 months) were enrolled. By study the plasma of 23 RPs (CD4+ T-cell count < 350 cells/µl within 1 year of infection) and 21 "normal progressors" (NPs; CD4+ T-cell count > 500 cells/μl after 1 year of infection), eleven lipid metabolites were identified that could distinguish most of the RPs from NPs using an unsupervised clustering method. Among them, the long chain fatty acid eicosenoate significantly inhibited the proliferation and secretion of cytokines and induced TIM-3 expression in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Eicosenoate also increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and mitochondrial mass in T cells, indicating impairment in mitochondrial function. In addition, we found that eicosenoate induced p53 expression in T cells, and inhibition of p53 effectively decreased mitochondrial ROS in T cells. More importantly, treatment of T cells with the mitochondrial-targeting antioxidant mito-TEMPO restored eicosenoate-induced T-cell functional impairment. These data suggest that the lipid metabolite eicosenoate inhibits immune T-cell function by increasing mitochondrial ROS by inducing p53 transcription. Our results provide a new mechanism of metabolite regulation of effector T-cell function and provides a potential therapeutic target for restoring T-cell function during HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yao Li
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Units of Medical Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin-Bo Yin
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Liaoning, China
| | - Hai-Bo Ding
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Units of Medical Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Mei Liu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Units of Medical Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun-Nan Lv
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Units of Medical Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia-Qi Li
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Units of Medical Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Units of Medical Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Tian Tang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Units of Medical Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Ya-Jing Fu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Units of Medical Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong-Jun Jiang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Units of Medical Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Zi-Ning Zhang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Units of Medical Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong Shang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Units of Medical Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
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17
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More TH, Mozafari B, Märtens A, Herr C, Lepper PM, Danziger G, Volk T, Hoersch S, Krawczyk M, Guenther K, Hiller K, Bals R. Plasma Metabolome Alterations Discriminate between COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Pneumonia. Metabolites 2022; 12:1058. [PMID: 36355140 PMCID: PMC9693035 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is a common cause of morbidity and mortality and is most often caused by bacterial pathogens. COVID-19 is characterized by lung infection with potential progressive organ failure. The systemic consequences of both disease on the systemic blood metabolome are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to compare the blood metabolome of both diseases and we hypothesize that plasma metabolomics may help to identify the systemic effects of these diseases. Therefore, we profiled the plasma metabolome of 43 cases of COVID-19 pneumonia, 23 cases of non-COVID-19 pneumonia, and 26 controls using a non-targeted approach. Metabolic alterations differentiating the three groups were detected, with specific metabolic changes distinguishing the two types of pneumonia groups. A comparison of venous and arterial blood plasma samples from the same subjects revealed the distinct metabolic effects of pulmonary pneumonia. In addition, a machine learning signature of four metabolites was predictive of the disease outcome of COVID-19 subjects with an area under the curve (AUC) of 86 ± 10 %. Overall, the results of this study uncover systemic metabolic changes that could be linked to the etiology of COVID-19 pneumonia and non-COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar H. More
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Bahareh Mozafari
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Andre Märtens
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christian Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Philipp M. Lepper
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Guy Danziger
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Volk
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Hoersch
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Marcin Krawczyk
- Department of Internal Medicine II-Gastroenterology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Guenther
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Hiller
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Robert Bals
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University Campus, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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18
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Abstract
Metabolic adaptation to viral infections critically determines the course and manifestations of disease. At the systemic level, a significant feature of viral infection and inflammation that ensues is the metabolic shift from anabolic towards catabolic metabolism. Systemic metabolic sequelae such as insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia represent long-term health consequences of many infections such as human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The long-held presumption that peripheral and tissue-specific 'immune responses' are the chief line of defence and thus regulate viral control is incomplete. This Review focuses on the emerging paradigm shift proposing that metabolic engagements and metabolic reconfiguration of immune and non-immune cells following virus recognition modulate the natural course of viral infections. Early metabolic footprints are likely to influence longer-term disease manifestations of infection. A greater appreciation and understanding of how local biochemical adjustments in the periphery and tissues influence immunity will ultimately lead to interventions that curtail disease progression and identify new and improved prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clovis S Palmer
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA.
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19
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Hwang N, Huh Y, Bu S, Seo KJ, Kwon SH, Kim JW, Yoon BK, Ahn HS, Fang S. Single-cell sequencing of PBMC characterizes the altered transcriptomic landscape of classical monocytes in BNT162b2-induced myocarditis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:979188. [PMID: 36225942 PMCID: PMC9549039 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.979188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been the most dangerous threat to public health worldwide for the last few years, which led to the development of the novel mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2). However, BNT162b2 vaccination is known to be associated with myocarditis. Here, as an attempt to determine the pathogenesis of the disease and to develop biomarkers to determine whether subjects likely proceed to myocarditis after vaccination, we conducted a time series analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a patient with BNT162b2-induced myocarditis. Single-cell RNA sequence analysis identified monocytes as the cell clusters with the most dynamic changes. To identify distinct gene expression signatures, we compared monocytes of BNT162b2-induced myocarditis with monocytes under various conditions, including SARS-CoV-2 infection, BNT162b2 vaccination, and Kawasaki disease, a disease similar to myocarditis. Representative changes in the transcriptomic profile of classical monocytes include the upregulation of genes related to fatty acid metabolism and downregulation of transcription factor AP-1 activity. This study provides, for the first time, the importance of classical monocytes in the pathogenesis of myocarditis following BNT162b2 vaccination and presents the possibility that vaccination affects monocytes, further inducing their differentiation and infiltration into the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahee Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yune Huh
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seonghyeon Bu
- Divison of Cardiology, Department of Internal medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Catholic Research Institute for Intractable Cardiovascular Disease (CRID), College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Seo
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Hwan Kwon
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-woo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Bo Kyung Yoon, ; Hyo-Suk Ahn, ; Sungsoon Fang,
| | - Hyo-Suk Ahn
- Divison of Cardiology, Department of Internal medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Catholic Research Institute for Intractable Cardiovascular Disease (CRID), College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Bo Kyung Yoon, ; Hyo-Suk Ahn, ; Sungsoon Fang,
| | - Sungsoon Fang
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Bo Kyung Yoon, ; Hyo-Suk Ahn, ; Sungsoon Fang,
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20
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Cribioli E, Giordano Attianese GMP, Ginefra P, Signorino-Gelo A, Vuillefroy de Silly R, Vannini N, Hess C, Irving M, Coukos G. Enforcing GLUT3 expression in CD8+ T cells improves fitness and tumor control by promoting glucose uptake and energy storage. Front Immunol 2022; 13:976628. [PMID: 36203587 PMCID: PMC9530831 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.976628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the tremendous success of adoptive T-cell therapies (ACT) in fighting certain hematologic malignancies, not all patients respond, a proportion experience relapse, and effective ACT of most solid tumors remains elusive. In order to improve responses to ACT suppressive barriers in the solid tumor microenvironment (TME) including insufficient nutrient availability must be overcome. Here we explored how enforced expression of the high-affinity glucose transporter GLUT3 impacted tumor-directed T cells. Overexpression of GLUT3 in primary murine CD8+ T cells enhanced glucose uptake and increased glycogen and fatty acid storage, and was associated with increased mitochondrial fitness, reduced ROS levels, higher abundance of the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1, and better resistance to stress. Importantly, GLUT3-OT1 T cells conferred superior control of B16-OVA melanoma tumors and, in this same model, significantly improved survival. Moreover, a proportion of treated mice were cured and protected from re-challenge, indicative of long-term T cell persistence and memory formation. Enforcing expression of GLUT3 is thus a promising strategy to improve metabolic fitness and sustaining CD8+ T cell effector function in the context of ACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Cribioli
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Greta Maria Paola Giordano Attianese
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierpaolo Ginefra
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amandine Signorino-Gelo
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Romain Vuillefroy de Silly
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Vannini
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hess
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Melita Irving
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Melita Irving, ; George Coukos,
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Melita Irving, ; George Coukos,
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21
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Bizymi N, Matthaiou AM, Matheakakis A, Voulgari I, Aresti N, Zavitsanou K, Karasachinidis A, Mavroudi I, Pontikoglou C, Papadaki HA. New Perspectives on Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Their Emerging Role in Haematology. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11185326. [PMID: 36142973 PMCID: PMC9504532 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are immature cells of myeloid origin that have gained researchers’ attention, as they constitute promising biomarkers and targets for novel therapeutic strategies (i.e., blockage of development, differentiation, depletion, and deactivation) in several conditions, including neoplastic, autoimmune, infective, and inflammatory diseases, as well as pregnancy, obesity, and graft rejection. They are characterised in humans by the typical immunophenotype of CD11b+CD33+HLA-DR–/low and immune-modulating properties leading to decreased T-cell proliferation, induction of T-regulatory cells (T-regs), hindering of natural killer (NK) cell functionality, and macrophage M2-polarisation. The research in the field is challenging, as there are still difficulties in defining cell-surface markers and gating strategies that uniquely identify the different populations of MDSCs, and the currently available functional assays are highly demanding. There is evidence that MDSCs display altered frequency and/or functionality and could be targeted in immune-mediated and malignant haematologic diseases, although there is a large variability of techniques and results between different laboratories. This review presents the current literature concerning MDSCs in a clinical point of view in an attempt to trigger future investigation by serving as a guide to the clinical haematologist in order to apply them in the context of precision medicine as well as the researcher in the field of experimental haematology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta Bizymi
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pneumonology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Andreas M. Matthaiou
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pneumonology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, University of Cyprus, 2029 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Angelos Matheakakis
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ioanna Voulgari
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Nikoletta Aresti
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Konstantina Zavitsanou
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Anastasios Karasachinidis
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Irene Mavroudi
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Charalampos Pontikoglou
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Helen A. Papadaki
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2810394637
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22
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Understanding the Pivotal Role of the Vagus Nerve in Health from Pandemics. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9080352. [PMID: 36004877 PMCID: PMC9405360 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9080352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic seems endless with the regular emergence of new variants. Is the SARS-CoV-2 virus particularly evasive to the immune system, or is it merely disrupting communication between the body and the brain, thus pre-empting homeostasis? Retrospective analysis of the COVID-19 and AIDS pandemics, as well as prion disease, emphasizes the pivotal but little-known role of the 10th cranial nerve in health. Considering neuroimmunometabolism from the point of view of the vagus nerve, non-invasive bioengineering solutions aiming at monitoring and stimulating the vagal tone are subsequently discussed as the next optimal and global preventive treatments, far beyond pandemics.
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23
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Impact of anti-diabetic sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on tumor growth of intractable hematological malignancy in humans. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112864. [PMID: 35367765 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Under the dysfunction of mitochondria, cancer cells preferentially utilize both glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathways rather than electron transport chains to desperately generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form) (NADPH), classically recognized as the Warburg effect. Based on this background, the present study tested the hypothesis that anti-diabetic sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors would exert a tumor-suppressive impact on intractable human hematological malignancies via the modulation of glucose metabolism within cells and cell cycles. The level of mRNA for SGLT2 was remarkably elevated in leukemic cells from patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), one of the most intractable blood cancers in humans, and as well as in two kinds of ATL cell lines (MT-1 and MT-2). Two kinds of SGLT2 inhibitors, Luseogliflozin and Tofogliflozin substantially suppressed the proliferation of MT-1 and MT-2 cells in both adherent and anchorage-independent culture conditions. Such a suppressive effect on tumor cell growth was reproduced by Luseogliflozin in leukemic cells in peripheral blood from patients with ATL. In MT-2 cells, both of SGLT2 inhibitors considerably attenuated glucose uptake, intracellular ATP levels, and NADPH production, resultantly enhancing cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. From the standpoint of metabolic oncology, the present study suggests that SGLT2 inhibitors would be a promising adjunctive option for the treatment of the most intractable human hematological malignancies like ATL.
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Sun F, Geng H, Sun Y, Feng W, Tian T, Ye L, Lei M. Exosomes derived from the blood of patients with sepsis regulate apoptosis and aerobic glycolysis in human myocardial cells via the hsa‑miR‑1262/SLC2A1 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:119. [PMID: 35137927 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial injury occurs in the majority of patients with sepsis and is associated with early mortality. MicroRNAs (miRs) transported by exosomes have been implicated in numerous diseases, such as tumors, acute myocardial infarction and cardiovascular disease. Human serum albumin (hsa)‑miR‑1262 has been shown to serve a role in sepsis; however, its role in exosomes isolated from patients with sepsis and septic myocardial injury remains unclear. In the present study, serum exosomes were isolated via ultracentrifugation. Solute carrier family 2 member 1 (SLC2A1), an essential mediator in energy metabolism, was silenced and overexpressed in the human myocardial AC16 cell line using lentiviral plasmids containing either SLC2A1‑targeting short interfering RNAs or SLC2A1 cDNA, respectively. Cell apoptosis was analyzed using flow cytometry, and the extracellular acidification rate and oxygen consumption rate of AC16 cells were determined using an XFe24 Extracellular Flux Analyzer. Furthermore, the dual‑luciferase reporter assay was used to evaluate the interaction between hsa‑miR‑1262 and SLC2A1. Finally, reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to evaluate gene and protein expression levels, respectively. Exosomes isolated from the blood of patients with sepsis (Sepsis‑exo) markedly reduced aerobic glycolysis activity, but significantly promoted the apoptosis of human AC16 cells in a time‑dependent manner. Moreover, Sepsis‑exo significantly increased hsa‑miR‑1262 expression levels, but significantly decreased SLC2A1 mRNA expression levels in a time‑dependent manner. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that hsa‑miR‑1262 bound to the 3' untranslated region of SLC2A1 to negatively regulate its expression. The silencing of SLC2A1 promoted apoptosis and suppressed glycolysis in AC16 cells, whereas SLC2A1 overexpression resulted in the opposite effects. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that exosomes derived from patients with sepsis may inhibit glycolysis and promote the apoptosis of human myocardial cells through exosomal hsa‑miR‑1262 via its target SLC2A1. These findings highlighted the importance of the hsa‑miR‑1262/SLC2A1 signaling pathway in septic myocardial injury and provided novel insights into therapeutic strategies for septic myocardial depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Sun
- Trauma Emergency Center, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Huan Geng
- Trauma Emergency Center, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Yuxia Sun
- Trauma Emergency Center, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Wentao Feng
- Trauma Emergency Center, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Tianning Tian
- Trauma Emergency Center, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Liang Ye
- Trauma Emergency Center, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Ming Lei
- Trauma Emergency Center, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
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25
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Dash PK, Alomar FA, Cox JL, McMillan J, Hackfort BT, Makarov E, Morsey B, Fox HS, Gendelman HE, Gorantla S, Bidasee KR. A Link Between Methylglyoxal and Heart Failure During HIV-1 Infection. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:792180. [PMID: 34970611 PMCID: PMC8712558 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.792180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-onset heart failure (HF) continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in people living with human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1) infection (PLWH), yet the molecular causes for this remain poorly understood. Herein NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ humanized mice (Hu-mice), plasma from PLWH, and autopsied cardiac tissues from deceased HIV seropositive individuals were used to assess if there is a link between the glycolysis byproduct methylglyoxal (MG) and HF in the setting of HIV-1 infection. At five weeks post HIV infection, Hu-mice developed grade III-IV diastolic dysfunction (DD) with an associated two-fold increase in plasma MG. At sixteen-seventeen weeks post infection, cardiac ejection fraction and fractional shortening also declined by 26 and 35%, and plasma MG increased to four-fold higher than uninfected controls. Histopathological and biochemical analyses of cardiac tissues from Hu-mice 17 weeks post-infection affirmed MG increase with a concomitant decrease in expression of the MG-degrading enzyme glyoxalase-1 (Glo1). The endothelial cell marker CD31 was found to be lower, and coronary microvascular leakage and myocardial fibrosis were prominent. Increasing expression of Glo1 in Hu-mice five weeks post-infection using a single dose of an engineered AAV2/9 (1.7 × 1012 virion particles/kg), attenuated the increases in plasma and cardiac MG levels. Increasing Glo1 also blunted microvascular leakage, fibrosis, and HF seen at sixteen weeks post-infection, without changes in plasma viral loads. In plasma from virally suppressed PLWH, MG was also 3.7-fold higher. In autopsied cardiac tissues from seropositive, HIV individuals with low viral log, MG was 4.2-fold higher and Glo1 was 50% lower compared to uninfected controls. These data show for the first time a causal link between accumulation of MG and HF in the setting of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanta K Dash
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Fadhel A Alomar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jesse L Cox
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - JoEllyn McMillan
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Bryan T Hackfort
- Departments of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Edward Makarov
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Brenda Morsey
- Departments of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Howard S Fox
- Departments of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Santhi Gorantla
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Keshore R Bidasee
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.,Departments of Environment and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.,Nebraska Redox Biology Center, Lincoln, NE, United States
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26
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Awad K, Maghraby AS, Abd-Elshafy DN, Bahgat MM. Carbohydrates Metabolic Signatures in Immune Cells: Response to Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:912899. [PMID: 35983037 PMCID: PMC9380592 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.912899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic reprogramming in immune cells is diverse and distinctive in terms of complexity and flexibility in response to heterogeneous pathogenic stimuli. We studied the carbohydrate metabolic changes in immune cells in different types of infectious diseases. This could help build reasonable strategies when understanding the diagnostics, prognostics, and biological relevance of immune cells under alternative metabolic burdens. METHODS Search and analysis were conducted on published peer-reviewed papers on immune cell metabolism of a single pathogen infection from the four known types (bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses). Out of the 131 selected papers based on the PIC algorithm (pathogen type/immune cell/carbohydrate metabolism), 30 explored immune cell metabolic changes in well-studied bacterial infections, 17 were on fungal infections of known medical importance, and 12 and 57 were on parasitic and viral infections, respectively. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION While carbohydrate metabolism in immune cells is signaled by glycolytic shift during a bacterial or viral infection, it is widely evident that effector surface proteins are expressed on the surface of parasites and fungi to modulate metabolism in these cells. CONCLUSIONS Carbohydrate metabolism in immune cells can be categorized according to the pathogen or the disease type. Accordingly, this classification can be used to adopt new strategies in disease diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem Awad
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Kareem Awad, ; Mahmoud Mohamed Bahgat, ,
| | - Amany Sayed Maghraby
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
- Research Group Immune- and Bio-Markers for Infection, the Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina Nadeem Abd-Elshafy
- Research Group Immune- and Bio-Markers for Infection, the Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Water Pollution Research, Institute of Environmental Research, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Mohamed Bahgat
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
- Research Group Immune- and Bio-Markers for Infection, the Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Kareem Awad, ; Mahmoud Mohamed Bahgat, ,
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27
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Kamyshnyi O, Matskevych V, Lenchuk T, Strilbytska O, Storey K, Lushchak O. Metformin to decrease COVID-19 severity and mortality: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112230. [PMID: 34628168 PMCID: PMC8492612 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has become a serious challenge for medicine and science. Analysis of the molecular mechanisms associated with the clinical manifestations and severity of COVID-19 has identified several key points of immune dysregulation observed in SARS-CoV-2 infection. For diabetic patients, factors including higher binding affinity and virus penetration, decreased virus clearance and decreased T cell function, increased susceptibility to hyperinflammation, and cytokine storm may make these patients susceptible to a more severe course of COVID-19 disease. Metabolic changes induced by diabetes, especially hyperglycemia, can directly affect the immunometabolism of lymphocytes in part by affecting the activity of the mTOR protein kinase signaling pathway. High mTOR activity can enhance the progression of diabetes due to the activation of effector proinflammatory subpopulations of lymphocytes and, conversely, low activity promotes the differentiation of T-regulatory cells. Interestingly, metformin, an extensively used antidiabetic drug, inhibits mTOR by affecting the activity of AMPK. Therefore, activation of AMPK and/or inhibition of the mTOR-mediated signaling pathway may be an important new target for drug therapy in COVID-19 cases mostly by reducing the level of pro-inflammatory signaling and cytokine storm. These suggestions have been partially confirmed by several retrospective analyzes of patients with diabetes mellitus hospitalized for severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olexandr Kamyshnyi
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Victoriya Matskevych
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Medicine, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Tetyana Lenchuk
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Medicine, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Olha Strilbytska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Kenneth Storey
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Oleh Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine; Research and Development University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine.
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28
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Tarancón-Diez L, Rull A, Herrero P, Vazquez-Alejo E, Peraire J, Guillén S, Navarro-Gomez ML, Viladés C, Muñoz-Fernandez MÁ, Vidal F. Early antiretroviral therapy initiation effect on metabolic profile in vertically HIV-1-infected children. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:2993-3001. [PMID: 34463735 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early combined antiretroviral treatment (cART) in perinatally acquired HIV-1 children has been associated with a rapid viral suppression, small HIV-1 reservoir size and reduced mortality and morbidity. Immunometabolism has emerged as an important field in HIV-1 infection offering both relevant knowledge regarding immunopathogenesis and potential targets for therapies against HIV-1. OBJECTIVES To characterize the proteomic, lipidomic and metabolomic profile of HIV-1-infected children depending on their age at cART initiation. PATIENTS AND METHODS Plasma samples from perinatally HIV-1-infected children under suppressive cART who initiated an early cART (first 12 weeks after birth, EARLY, n = 10) and late cART (12-50 weeks after birth, LATE, n = 10) were analysed. Comparative plasma proteomics, lipidomics and metabolomics analyses were performed by nanoLC-Orbitrap, UHPLC-qTOF and GC-qTOF, respectively. RESULTS Seven of the 188 proteins identified exhibited differences comparing EARLY and LATE groups of HIV-1-infected children. Despite no differences in the lipidomic (n = 115) and metabolomic (n = 81) profiles, strong correlations were found between proteins and lipid levels as well as metabolites, including glucidic components and amino acids, with clinical parameters. The ratio among different proteins showed high discriminatory power of EARLY and LATE groups. CONCLUSIONS Protein signature show a different proinflammatory state associated with a late cART introduction. Its associations with lipid levels and the relationships found between metabolites and clinical parameters may potentially trigger premature non-AIDS events in this HIV-1 population, including atherosclerotic diseases and metabolic disorders. Antiretroviral treatment should be started as soon as possible in perinatally acquired HIV-1-infected children to prevent them from future long-life complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tarancón-Diez
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Rull
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain.,Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pol Herrero
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Ciències Òmiques (Unitat Mixta de Eurecat-Universitat Rovira i Virgili), Infraestructura Científico-Tècnica Singular (ICTS), Reus, Spain
| | - Elena Vazquez-Alejo
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquim Peraire
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain.,Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sara Guillén
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa Navarro-Gomez
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Consuelo Viladés
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain.,Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mª Ángeles Muñoz-Fernandez
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Spanish HIV-HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Vidal
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain.,Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
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Krishnan S, Nordqvist H, Ambikan AT, Gupta S, Sperk M, Svensson-Akusjärvi S, Mikaeloff F, Benfeitas R, Saccon E, Ponnan SM, Rodriguez JE, Nikouyan N, Odeh A, Ahlén G, Asghar M, Sällberg M, Vesterbacka J, Nowak P, Végvári Á, Sönnerborg A, Treutiger CJ, Neogi U. Metabolic Perturbation Associated With COVID-19 Disease Severity and SARS-CoV-2 Replication. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100159. [PMID: 34619366 PMCID: PMC8490130 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses hijack host metabolic pathways for their replicative advantage. In this study, using patient-derived multiomics data and in vitro infection assays, we aimed to understand the role of key metabolic pathways that can regulate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 reproduction and their association with disease severity. We used multiomics platforms (targeted and untargeted proteomics and untargeted metabolomics) on patient samples and cell-line models along with immune phenotyping of metabolite transporters in patient blood cells to understand viral-induced metabolic modulations. We also modulated key metabolic pathways that were identified using multiomics data to regulate the viral reproduction in vitro. Coronavirus disease 2019 disease severity was characterized by increased plasma glucose and mannose levels. Immune phenotyping identified altered expression patterns of carbohydrate transporter, glucose transporter 1, in CD8+ T cells, intermediate and nonclassical monocytes, and amino acid transporter, xCT, in classical, intermediate, and nonclassical monocytes. In in vitro lung epithelial cell (Calu-3) infection model, we found that glycolysis and glutaminolysis are essential for virus replication, and blocking these metabolic pathways caused significant reduction in virus production. Taken together, we therefore hypothesized that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 utilizes and rewires pathways governing central carbon metabolism leading to the efflux of toxic metabolites and associated with disease severity. Thus, the host metabolic perturbation could be an attractive strategy to limit the viral replication and disease severity. COVID-19 disease severity was characterized by increased plasma glucose and mannose. Mannose is a strong biomarker of COVID-19 disease severity. Glycolysis and glutaminolysis are essential for virus replication. Blocking the metabolic pathways caused significant reduction in virus production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuba Krishnan
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Anoop T Ambikan
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Soham Gupta
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maike Sperk
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Svensson-Akusjärvi
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Flora Mikaeloff
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rui Benfeitas
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden (NBIS), Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisa Saccon
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Jimmy Esneider Rodriguez
- Division of Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Negin Nikouyan
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amani Odeh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustaf Ahlén
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Asghar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matti Sällberg
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Vesterbacka
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Piotr Nowak
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden MIMS, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Ákos Végvári
- Division of Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Sönnerborg
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl Johan Treutiger
- Södersjukhuset (The South General Hospital), Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine Huddinge, Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ujjwal Neogi
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden; Manipal Institute of Virology (MIV), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
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30
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The Amino Acid-mTORC1 Pathway Mediates APEC TW-XM-Induced Inflammation in bEnd.3 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179245. [PMID: 34502151 PMCID: PMC8431488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is key to establishing and maintaining homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS); meningitis bacterial infection can disrupt the integrity of BBB by inducing an inflammatory response. The changes in the cerebral uptake of amino acids may contribute to inflammatory response during infection and were accompanied by high expression of amino acid transporters leading to increased amino acid uptake. However, it is unclear whether amino acid uptake is changed and how to affect inflammatory responses in mouse brain microvascular endothelial (bEnd.3) cells in response to Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli TW-XM (APEC XM) infection. Here, we firstly found that APEC XM infection could induce serine (Ser) and glutamate (Glu) transport from extracellular into intracellular in bEnd.3 cells. Meanwhile, we also shown that the expression sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2) for Ser and excitatory amino acid transporter 4 (EAAT4) for Glu was also significantly elevated during infection. Then, in amino acid deficiency or supplementation medium, we found that Ser or Glu transport were involving in increasing SNAT2 or EAAT4 expression, mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) activation and inflammation, respectively. Of note, Ser or Glu transport were inhibited after SNAT2 silencing or EAAT4 silencing, resulting in inhibition of mTORC1 pathway activation, and inflammation compared with the APEC XM infection group. Moreover, pEGFP-SNAT2 overexpression and pEGFP-EAAT4 overexpression in bEnd.3 cells all could promote amino acid uptake, activation of the mTORC1 pathway and inflammation during infection. We further found mTORC1 silencing could inhibit inflammation, the expression of SNAT2 and EAAT4, and amino acid uptake. Taken together, our results demonstrated that APEC TW-XM infection can induce Ser or Glu uptake depending on amino acid transporters transportation, and then activate amino acid-mTORC1 pathway to induce inflammation in bEnd.3 cells.
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31
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Wu X, Zhang G, Yang WH, Cui JT, Zhang L, Xiao M, Xu YC. GLUT3 as an Intersection of Glycerophospholipid Metabolism and the Innate Immune Response to Candida albicans. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:648988. [PMID: 34222036 PMCID: PMC8253260 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.648988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cells can optimize the management of metabolic resources to balance their energy requirements in order to regulate immune responses. The interconnection between immunometabolism and fungal infections is becoming increasingly apparent. Using proteome and metabolome assays, we found that stimulation of primary human monocytes by Candida albicans was accompanied by upregulation of glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) and activation of the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway. Upregulated GLUT3 expression has been preliminarily confirmed in monocytes from patients with C. albicans bloodstream infection. Our findings support the importance of GLUT3 in the complex network of glycerophospholipid metabolism and the innate immune responses against C. albicans. In summary, this study might contribute to decipher the regulatory mechanism between the monocyte metabolic reprogramming and innate immune response and reveal potential targets for the antifungal treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Hang Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Tao Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Chun Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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32
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Gramatica A, Schwarzer R, Brantley W, Varco-Merth B, Sperber HS, Hull PA, Montano M, Migueles SA, Rosenthal D, Hogan LE, Johnson JR, Packard TA, Grimmett ZW, Herzig E, Besnard E, Nekorchuk M, Hsiao F, Deeks SG, Snape M, Kiernan B, Roan NR, Lifson JD, Estes JD, Picker LJ, Verdin E, Krogan NJ, Henrich TJ, Connors M, Ott M, Pillai SK, Okoye AA, Greene WC. Evaluating a New Class of AKT/mTOR Activators for HIV Latency Reversing Activity Ex Vivo and In Vivo. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.02393-20. [PMID: 33536176 PMCID: PMC8103695 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02393-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An ability to activate latent HIV-1 expression could benefit many HIV cure strategies, but the first generation of latency reversing agents (LRAs) has proven disappointing. We evaluated AKT/mTOR activators as a potential new class of LRAs. Two glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitors (GSK-3i's), SB-216763 and tideglusib (the latter already in phase II clinical trials) that activate AKT/mTOR signaling were tested. These GSK-3i's reactivated latent HIV-1 present in blood samples from aviremic individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the absence of T cell activation, release of inflammatory cytokines, cell toxicity, or impaired effector function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes or NK cells. However, when administered in vivo to SIV-infected rhesus macaques on suppressive ART, tideglusib exhibited poor pharmacodynamic properties and resulted in no clear evidence of significant SIV latency reversal. Whether alternative pharmacological formulations or combinations of this drug with other classes of LRAs will lead to an effective in vivo latency-reversing strategy remains to be determined.IMPORTANCE If combined with immune therapeutics, latency reversing agents (LRAs) have the potential to reduce the size of the reservoir sufficiently that an engineered immune response can control the virus in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. We have identified a new class of LRAs that do not induce T-cell activation and that are able to potentiate, rather than inhibit, CD8+ T and NK cell cytotoxic effector functions. This new class of LRAs corresponds to inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase-3. In this work, we have also studied the effects of one member of this drug class, tideglusib, in SIV-infected rhesus monkeys. When tested in vivo, however, tideglusib showed unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties, which resulted in lack of SIV latency reversal. The disconnect between our ex vivo and in vivo results highlights the importance of developing next generation LRAs with pharmacological properties that allow systemic drug delivery in relevant anatomical compartments harboring latent reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gramatica
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Roland Schwarzer
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - William Brantley
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Benjamin Varco-Merth
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Hannah S Sperber
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Free University of Berlin, Institute of Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip A Hull
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mauricio Montano
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Stephen A Migueles
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Danielle Rosenthal
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Louise E Hogan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Johnson
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Thomas A Packard
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zachary W Grimmett
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eytan Herzig
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Emilie Besnard
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael Nekorchuk
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Feng Hsiao
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steven G Deeks
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Nadia R Roan
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jacob D Estes
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Louis J Picker
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Eric Verdin
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Timothy J Henrich
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mark Connors
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Satish K Pillai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Afam A Okoye
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Warner C Greene
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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33
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Vinhaes CL, Araujo-Pereira M, Tibúrcio R, Cubillos-Angulo JM, Demitto FO, Akrami KM, Andrade BB. Systemic Inflammation Associated with Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in Persons Living with HIV. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11010065. [PMID: 33477581 PMCID: PMC7831327 DOI: 10.3390/life11010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has represented a major advancement in the care of people living with HIV (PLWHH), resulting in significant reductions in morbidity and mortality through immune reconstitution and attenuation of homeostatic disruption. Importantly, restoration of immune function in PLWH with opportunistic infections occasionally leads to an intense and uncontrolled cytokine storm following ART initiation known as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). IRIS occurrence is associated with the severe and rapid clinical deterioration that results in significant morbidity and mortality. Here, we detail the determinants underlying IRIS development in PLWH, compiling the available knowledge in the field to highlight details of the inflammatory responses in IRIS associated with the most commonly reported opportunistic pathogens. This review also highlights gaps in the understanding of IRIS pathogenesis and summarizes therapeutic strategies that have been used for IRIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caian L. Vinhaes
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (C.L.V.); (M.A.-P.); (R.T.); (J.M.C.-A.); (K.M.A.)
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador 40210-320, Brazil;
- Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Bahia Foundation for the Development of Sciences, Salvador 40290-000, Brazil
| | - Mariana Araujo-Pereira
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (C.L.V.); (M.A.-P.); (R.T.); (J.M.C.-A.); (K.M.A.)
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador 40210-320, Brazil;
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Rafael Tibúrcio
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (C.L.V.); (M.A.-P.); (R.T.); (J.M.C.-A.); (K.M.A.)
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador 40210-320, Brazil;
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Juan M. Cubillos-Angulo
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (C.L.V.); (M.A.-P.); (R.T.); (J.M.C.-A.); (K.M.A.)
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador 40210-320, Brazil;
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Fernanda O. Demitto
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador 40210-320, Brazil;
| | - Kevan M. Akrami
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (C.L.V.); (M.A.-P.); (R.T.); (J.M.C.-A.); (K.M.A.)
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador 40210-320, Brazil;
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40110-100, Brazil
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bruno B. Andrade
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (C.L.V.); (M.A.-P.); (R.T.); (J.M.C.-A.); (K.M.A.)
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador 40210-320, Brazil;
- Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Bahia Foundation for the Development of Sciences, Salvador 40290-000, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40110-100, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Centro Universitário Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (UniFTC), Salvador 41741-590, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-71-3176-2264
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34
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Rosch JC, Neal EH, Balikov DA, Rahim M, Lippmann ES. CRISPR-Mediated Isogenic Cell-SELEX Approach for Generating Highly Specific Aptamers Against Native Membrane Proteins. Cell Mol Bioeng 2020; 13:559-574. [PMID: 33184583 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-020-00651-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The generation of affinity reagents that bind native membrane proteins with high specificity remains challenging. Most in vitro selection paradigms utilize different cell types for positive and negative rounds of selection (where the positive selection is against a cell that expresses the desired membrane protein and the negative selection is against a cell that lacks the protein). However, this strategy can yield affinity reagents that bind unintended membrane proteins on the target cells. To address this issue, we developed a systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) scheme that utilizes isogenic pairs of cells generated via CRISPR techniques. Methods Using a Caco-2 epithelial cell line with constitutive Cas9 expression, we knocked out the SLC2A1 gene (encoding the GLUT1 glucose transporter) via lipofection with synthetic gRNAs. Cell-SELEX rounds were carried out against wild-type and GLUT1-null cells using a single-strand DNA (ssDNA) library. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to quantify enrichment of prospective binders to the wild-type cells. Results 10 rounds of cell-SELEX were conducted via simultaneous exposure of ssDNA pools to wild-type and GLUT1-null Caco-2 cells under continuous perfusion. The top binders identified from NGS were validated by flow cytometry and immunostaining for their specificity to the GLUT1 receptor. Conclusions Our data indicate that highly specific aptamers can be isolated with a SELEX strategy that utilizes isogenic cell lines. This approach may be broadly useful for generating affinity reagents that selectively bind to membrane proteins in their native conformations on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah C Rosch
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351604, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235-1604 USA
| | - Emma H Neal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351604, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235-1604 USA
| | - Daniel A Balikov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Mohsin Rahim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351604, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235-1604 USA
| | - Ethan S Lippmann
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351604, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235-1604 USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA.,Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
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35
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Abstract
Antiretroviral therapies efficiently block HIV-1 replication but need to be maintained for life. Moreover, chronic inflammation is a hallmark of HIV-1 infection that persists despite treatment. There is, therefore, an urgent need to better understand the mechanisms driving HIV-1 pathogenesis and to identify new targets for therapeutic intervention. In the past few years, the decisive role of cellular metabolism in the fate and activity of immune cells has been uncovered, as well as its impact on the outcome of infectious diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that immunometabolism has a key role in HIV-1 pathogenesis. The metabolic pathways of CD4+ T cells and macrophages determine their susceptibility to infection, the persistence of infected cells and the establishment of latency. Immunometabolism also shapes immune responses against HIV-1, and cell metabolic products are key drivers of inflammation during infection. In this Review, we summarize current knowledge of the links between HIV-1 infection and immunometabolism, and we discuss the potential opportunities and challenges for therapeutic interventions.
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36
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Zhao S, Battiston KG, Santerre JP. Sequence-Controlled Polyurethane Block Copolymer Displays Differentiated Immunoglobulin-G Adsorption That Influences Human Monocyte Adhesion and Activity. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4433-4445. [PMID: 33455182 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ability to specify an adsorbed protein layer through the polymer chemistry design of immunomodulatory biomaterials is important when considering a desired immune response, such as reducing pro-inflammatory activity. Limited work has been undertaken to elucidate the role of monomer sequence in this process, when copolymeric systems are involved. In this study, we demonstrate the advantage of an alternating radical copolymerization strategy as opposed to a random statistical copolymerization to order monomers in the synthesis of degradable polar-hydrophobic-ionic polyurethanes (D-PHI), biomaterials originally designed to reduce inflammatory monocyte activation. A monomer system consisting of a vinyl-terminated polyurethane cross-linker, maleic acid (MA), and ethyl vinyl ether (EVE), not only generated a diverse chemical environment of polar, hydrophobic, and ionic functional groups, but also formed a charge transfer complex (CTC) reactive to alternating polymerizations. Conversion of MA and EVE occurred in a constant proportion regardless of monomer availability, a phenomenon not observed in conventional D-PHI formulations. For feeds with unequal molar quantities of MA and EVE, the final conversion was limited and proportional to the limiting reagent, leading to an overall higher polyurethane cross-linker content. The presence of a reactive CTC was also found to limit the monomer conversion. Compared to a D-PHI with random monomer arrangement using methacrylic acid (MAA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA), a reduction in Fab region exposure from adsorbed immunoglobulin G and a reduction in average adherent monocyte activity were found in the sequence-controlled version. These results represent the first example of using an alternating copolymerization approach to generate regularly defined polymer chemistries in radical chain-growth biomaterials for achieving immunomodulation, and highlight the importance of considering sequence control as a design strategy for future immunomodulatory biomaterial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer Zhao
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Kyle G Battiston
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - J Paul Santerre
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
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HIV Infection and Neurocognitive Disorders in the Context of Chronic Drug Abuse: Evidence for Divergent Findings Dependent upon Prior Drug History. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2020; 15:715-728. [PMID: 32533296 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-020-09928-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The fronto-striatal circuitry, involving the nucleus accumbens, ventral tegmental area, and prefrontal cortex, mediates goal-directed behavior and is targeted by both drugs of abuse and HIV-1 infection. Acutely, both drugs and HIV-1 provoke increased dopamine activity within the circuit. However, chronic exposure to drugs or HIV-1 leads to dysregulation of the dopamine system as a result of fronto-striatal adaptations to oppose the effects of repeated instances of transiently increased dopamine. Specifically, chronic drug use leads to reduced dopaminergic tone, upregulation of dopamine transporters, and altered circuit connectivity, sending users into an allosteric state in which goal-directed behaviors are dysregulated (i.e., addiction). Similarly, chronic exposure to HIV-1, even with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), dysregulates dopamine and dopamine transporter function and alters connectivity of the fronto-striatal circuit, contributing to apathy and clinical symptoms of HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Thus, in a drug user also exposed to HIV-1, dysregulation of the fronto-striatal dopamine circuit advances at an exacerbated rate and appears to be driven by mechanisms unique from those seen with chronic drug use or HIV-1 exposure alone. We posit that the effects of drug use and HIV-1 infection on microglia interact to drive the progression of motivational dysfunction at an accelerated rate. The current review will therefore explore how the fronto-striatal circuit adapts to drug use (using cocaine as an example), HIV-1 infection, and both together; emphasizing proper methods and providing future directions to develop treatments for pathologies disrupting goal-directed behaviors and improve clinical outcomes for affected patients. Graphical Abstract Drug use and HIV-1 in the fronto-striatal circuit. Drugs of abuse and HIV-1 infection both target the fronto-striatal circuit which mediates goal-directed behavior. Acutely, drugs and HIV-1 increase dopamine activity; in contrast chronic exposure produces circuit adaptions leading to dysregulation, addiction and/or apathy. Comorbid drug use and HIV-1 infection may interact with microglia to exacerbate motivational dysregulation.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review highlights current knowledge on the dichotomous role played by T helper 17 cells (Th17)-polarized CD4 T cells in maintaining mucosal immunity homeostasis versus fueling HIV/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) replication/persistence during antiretroviral therapy (ART), with a focus on molecular mechanisms underlying these processes. RECENT FINDING Th17 cells bridge innate and adaptive immunity against pathogens at mucosal barrier surfaces. Th17 cells are located at portal sites of HIV/SIV entry, express a unique transcriptional/metabolic status compatible with viral replication, and represent the first targets of infection. The paucity of Th17 cells during HIV/SIV infection is caused by infection itself, but also by an altered Th17 differentiation, survival, and trafficking into mucosal sites. This causes major alterations of mucosal barrier integrity, microbial translocation, and disease progression. Unless initiated during the early acute infection phases, ART fails to restore the frequency/functionality of mucosal Th17 cells. A fraction of Th17 cells is long-lived and carry HIV reservoir during ART. Recent studies identified Th17-specific host factors controlling HIV transcription, a step untargeted by current ART. SUMMARY The identification of molecular mechanisms contributing to HIV replication/persistence in mucosal Th17 cells paves the way toward the design of new Th17-specific therapeutic strategies aimed at improving mucosal immunity in HIV-infected individuals.
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis Reactivates HIV-1 via Exosome-Mediated Resetting of Cellular Redox Potential and Bioenergetics. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.03293-19. [PMID: 32127457 PMCID: PMC7064780 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03293-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The synergy between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) interferes with therapy and facilitates the pathogenesis of both human pathogens. Fundamental mechanisms by which M. tuberculosis exacerbates HIV-1 infection are not clear. Here, we show that exosomes secreted by macrophages infected with M. tuberculosis, including drug-resistant clinical strains, reactivated HIV-1 by inducing oxidative stress. Mechanistically, M. tuberculosis-specific exosomes realigned mitochondrial and nonmitochondrial oxygen consumption rates (OCR) and modulated the expression of host genes mediating oxidative stress response, inflammation, and HIV-1 transactivation. Proteomics analyses revealed the enrichment of several host factors (e.g., HIF-1α, galectins, and Hsp90) known to promote HIV-1 reactivation in M. tuberculosis-specific exosomes. Treatment with a known antioxidant-N-acetyl cysteine (NAC)-or with inhibitors of host factors-galectins and Hsp90-attenuated HIV-1 reactivation by M. tuberculosis -specific exosomes. Our findings uncover new paradigms for understanding the redox and bioenergetics bases of HIV-M. tuberculosis coinfection, which will enable the design of effective therapeutic strategies.IMPORTANCE Globally, individuals coinfected with the AIDS virus (HIV-1) and with M. tuberculosis (causative agent of tuberculosis [TB]) pose major obstacles in the clinical management of both diseases. At the heart of this issue is the apparent synergy between the two human pathogens. On the one hand, mechanisms induced by HIV-1 for reactivation of TB in AIDS patients are well characterized. On the other hand, while clinical findings clearly identified TB as a risk factor for HIV-1 reactivation and associated mortality, basic mechanisms by which M. tuberculosis exacerbates HIV-1 replication and infection remain poorly characterized. The significance of our research is in identifying the role of fundamental mechanisms such as redox and energy metabolism in catalyzing HIV-M. tuberculosis synergy. The quantification of redox and respiratory parameters affected by M. tuberculosis in stimulating HIV-1 will greatly enhance our understanding of HIV-M. tuberculosis coinfection, leading to a wider impact on the biomedical research community and creating new translational opportunities.
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Abstract
Glucose addiction is observed in cancer and other diseases that are associated with hyperproliferation. The development of compounds that restrict glucose supply and decrease glycolysis has great potential for the development of new therapeutic approaches. Addressing facilitative glucose transporters (GLUTs), which are often upregulated in glucose-dependent cells, is therefore of particular interest. This article reviews a selection of potent, isoform-selective GLUT inhibitors and their biological characterization. Potential therapeutic applications of GLUT inhibitors in oncology and other diseases that are linked to glucose addiction are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena S. Reckzeh
- Department Chemical BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 1144227DortmundGermany
- Department Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Strasse 4a44227DortmundGermany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department Chemical BiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 1144227DortmundGermany
- Department Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Strasse 4a44227DortmundGermany
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Gojanovich GS, Shikuma CM, Milne C, Libutti DE, Chow DC, Gerschenson M. Subcutaneous Adipocyte Adenosine Triphosphate Levels in HIV Infected Patients. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2020; 36:75-82. [PMID: 31407586 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2019.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoatrophy, or fat wasting, remains a syndrome plaguing HIV+ patients receiving antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. Both HIV infection per se and certain ARV are associated with lowered adipose tissue mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) and mitochondrial ribonucleic acid (mtRNA) levels, but effects on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production are unclear. We hypothesized that such alterations would accompany lowering of ATP levels in fat of HIV+ patients and would be worse in those displaying lipoatrophy. Gluteal-fold, subcutaneous adipose tissue was obtained from HIV seronegative control patients, from HIV+ ARV-naive patients, and those on ARV with or without lipoatrophy. Cellular ATP was measured in isolated adipocytes and preadipocyte fraction cells by bioluminescence. mtDNA copies/cell and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) mtRNA transcripts were evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reactions. ATP levels were consistently higher in preadipocyte fraction cells than adipocytes, but values strongly correlated with each other (r = 0.66, p < .001). ATP levels in adipocytes were higher in both ARV-naive and nonlipoatrophic HIV+ patients compared to seronegative controls, but significantly lower in adipocytes and preadipocytes of lipoatrophic versus other HIV+ patients. Fat mtDNA copies/cell and OXPHOS mtRNA transcripts were lower in lipoatrophic patient samples compared to HIV seronegative. The ratio of specific OXPHOS transcripts to each other was significantly higher in nonlipoatrophic patients versus all groups, and this ratio correlated significantly with ATP levels in adipocytes. Thus, HIV infection is associated with an increase in adipose tissue ATP stores. Decreases in adipose mtDNA and OXPHOS mtRNA are found in those with HIV on ARV; however, ATP level is effected only in patients displaying lipoatrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg S. Gojanovich
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Cecilia M. Shikuma
- Department of Medicine, Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Cris Milne
- Department of Medicine, Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Daniel E. Libutti
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Dominic C. Chow
- Department of Medicine, Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
- Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Mariana Gerschenson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
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Bourgeois C, Gorwood J, Barrail-Tran A, Lagathu C, Capeau J, Desjardins D, Le Grand R, Damouche A, Béréziat V, Lambotte O. Specific Biological Features of Adipose Tissue, and Their Impact on HIV Persistence. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2837. [PMID: 31921023 PMCID: PMC6927940 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although white AT can contribute to anti-infectious immune responses, it can also be targeted and perturbed by pathogens. The AT's immune involvement is primarily due to strong pro-inflammatory responses (with both local and paracrine effects), and the large number of fat-resident macrophages. Adipocytes also exert direct antimicrobial responses. In recent years, it has been found that memory T cells accumulate in AT, where they provide efficient secondary responses against viral pathogens. These observations have prompted researchers to re-evaluate the links between obesity and susceptibility to infections. In contrast, AT serves as a reservoir for several persistence pathogens, such as human adenovirus Ad-36, Trypanosoma gondii, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, influenza A virus, and cytomegalovirus (CMV). The presence and persistence of bacterial DNA in AT has led to the concept of a tissue-specific microbiota. The unexpected coexistence of immune cells and pathogens within the specific AT environment is intriguing, and its impact on anti-infectious immune responses requires further evaluation. AT has been recently identified as a site of HIV persistence. In the context of HIV infection, AT is targeted by both the virus and the antiretroviral drugs. AT's intrinsic metabolic features, large overall mass, and wide distribution make it a major tissue reservoir, and one that may contribute to the pathophysiology of chronic HIV infections. Here, we review the immune, metabolic, viral, and pharmacological aspects that contribute to HIV persistence in AT. We also evaluate the respective impacts of both intrinsic and HIV-induced factors on AT's involvement as a viral reservoir. Lastly, we examine the potential consequences of HIV persistence on the metabolic and immune activities of AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Bourgeois
- Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, CEA, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U1184, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jennifer Gorwood
- INSERM UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-Métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Barrail-Tran
- Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, CEA, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U1184, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- AP-HP, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Hôpital Bicêtre, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Claire Lagathu
- INSERM UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-Métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jacqueline Capeau
- INSERM UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-Métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Desjardins
- Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, CEA, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U1184, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, CEA, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U1184, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Abderaouf Damouche
- Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, CEA, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U1184, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Véronique Béréziat
- INSERM UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-Métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lambotte
- Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, CEA, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U1184, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- AP-HP, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Hôpital Bicêtre, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Tryptophan Metabolism Activates Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Pathway To Promote HIV-1 Infection and Reactivation. mBio 2019; 10:mBio.02591-19. [PMID: 31848275 PMCID: PMC6918076 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02591-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple cellular metabolic pathways are altered by HIV-1 infection, with an impact on immune activation, inflammation, and acquisition of non-AIDS comorbid diseases. The dysfunction of tryptophan (Trp) metabolism has been observed clinically in association with accelerated HIV-1 pathogenesis, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, is activated by Trp metabolites to promote HIV-1 infection and reactivation. AHR directly binds to the HIV-1 5' long terminal repeat (5'-LTR) at the molecular level to activate viral transcription and infection, and AHR activation by Trp metabolites increases its nuclear translocation and association with the HIV 5'-LTR; moreover, the binding of AHR with HIV-1 Tat facilitates the recruitment of positive transcription factors to viral promoters. These findings not only elucidate a previously unappreciated mechanism through which cellular Trp metabolites affect HIV pathogenesis but also suggest that a downstream target AHR may be a potential target for modulating HIV-1 infection.IMPORTANCE Cellular metabolic pathways that are altered by HIV-1 infection may accelerate disease progression. Dysfunction in tryptophan (Trp) metabolism has been observed clinically in association with accelerated HIV-1 pathogenesis, but the mechanism responsible was not known. This study demonstrates that Trp metabolites augment the activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, to promote HIV-1 infection and transcription. These findings not only elucidate a previously unappreciated mechanism through which cellular Trp metabolites affect HIV pathogenesis but also suggest that a downstream target AHR may be a potential target for modulating HIV-1 infection.
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Valencia-Sánchez S, Nava-Castro KE, Palacios-Arreola MI, Prospéro-García O, Morales-Montor J, Drucker-Colín R. Chronic exercise modulates the cellular immunity and its cannabinoid receptors expression. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220542. [PMID: 31738771 PMCID: PMC6860935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of performing exercise on the immune system presents contrasting effects on health when performed at different intensities. In addition, the consequences of performing chronic exercise have not been sufficiently studied in contrast to the effects of acute bouts of exercise. The porpoise of this work was to determine the effect that a popular exercise regimen (chronic/moderate/aerobic exercise) has on the proportion of different immune cell subsets, their function and if it affects the cannabinoid system with potentially functional implications on the immune system. A marked increase in several immune cell subsets and their expression of cannabinoid receptors was expected, as well as an enhanced proliferative and cytotoxic activity by total splenocytes in exercised animals. For this study male Wistar rats performed treadmill running 5 times a week for a period of 10 weeks, at moderate intensity. Our results showed a significant decrease in lymphocyte subpopulations (CD4+, Tγδ, and CD45 RA+ cells) and an increase in the cannabinoid receptors expression in those same cell. Although functional assays did not reveal any variation in total immunoglobulin production or NK cells cytotoxic activity, proliferative capability of total splenocytes increased in trained rats. Our results further support the notion that exercise affects the immunological system and extends the description of underlying mechanisms mediating such effects. Altogether, our results contribute to the understanding of the benefits of exercise on the practitioner´s general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Valencia-Sánchez
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Karen Elizabeth Nava-Castro
- Genotoxicología y Mutagénesis Ambientales, Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Oscar Prospéro-García
- Laboratorio de Cannabinoides, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad De Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jorge Morales-Montor
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP, Ciudad de México, México
- * E-mail:
| | - René Drucker-Colín
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
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Liu P, Yin Y, Gong Y, Qiu X, Sun Y, Tan L, Song C, Liu W, Liao Y, Meng C, Ding C. In Vitro and In Vivo Metabolomic Profiling after Infection with Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus. Viruses 2019; 11:v11100962. [PMID: 31635316 PMCID: PMC6832399 DOI: 10.3390/v11100962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is an acute, febrile, highly contagious disease caused by the virulent Newcastle disease virus (vNDV). The disease causes serious economic losses to the poultry industry. However, the metabolic changes caused by vNDV infection remain unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the metabolomic profiling after infection with vNDV. DF-1 cells infected with the vNDV strain Herts/33 and the lungs from Herts/33-infected specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were analyzed via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) in combination with multivariate statistical analysis. A total of 305 metabolites were found to have changed significantly after Herts/33 infection, and most of them belong to the amino acid and nucleotide metabolic pathway. It is suggested that the increased pools of amino acids and nucleotides may benefit viral protein synthesis and genome amplification to promote NDV infection. Similar results were also confirmed in vivo. Identification of these metabolites will provide information to further understand the mechanism of vNDV replication and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panrao Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Yuncong Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yabin Gong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Xusheng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Lei Tan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Cuiping Song
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Ying Liao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Chunchun Meng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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Deguit CDT, Hough M, Hoh R, Krone M, Pilcher CD, Martin JN, Deeks SG, McCune JM, Hunt PW, Rutishauser RL. Some Aspects of CD8+ T-Cell Exhaustion Are Associated With Altered T-Cell Mitochondrial Features and ROS Content in HIV Infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2019; 82:211-219. [PMID: 31513075 PMCID: PMC6746248 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reversing or preventing T-cell exhaustion is an important treatment goal in the context of HIV disease; however, the mechanisms that regulate HIV-specific CD8 T-cell exhaustion are incompletely understood. Since mitochondrial mass (MM), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) content are altered in exhausted CD8 T cells in other settings, we hypothesized that similar lesions may arise in HIV infection. METHODS We sampled cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-uninfected (n = 10) and HIV-infected participants with varying levels and mechanisms of viral control: viremic (VL > 2000 copies/mL; n = 8) or aviremic (VL < 40 copies/mL) due to antiretroviral therapy (n = 11) or natural control (n = 9). We characterized the MM, MMP, and ROS content of bulk CD8 T cells and MHC class I tetramer+ HIV-specific CD8 T cells by flow cytometry. RESULTS We observed higher MM, MMP, and ROS content across bulk effector-memory CD8 T-cell subsets in HIV-infected compared with HIV-uninfected participants. Among HIV-specific CD8 T cells, these features did not vary by the extent or mechanism of viral control but were significantly altered in cells displaying characteristics associated with exhaustion (eg, high PD-1 expression, low CD127 expression, and impaired proliferative capacity). CONCLUSIONS While we did not find that control of HIV replication in vivo correlates with the CD8 T-cell MM, MMP, or ROS content, we did find that some features of CD8 T-cell exhaustion are associated with alterations in mitochondrial state. Our findings support further studies to probe the relationship between mitochondrial dynamics and CD8 T-cell functionality in HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Deo T. Deguit
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
- Current Address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Michelle Hough
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
- Current Address: Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
| | - Rebecca Hoh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
| | - Melissa Krone
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
| | - Christopher D. Pilcher
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
| | - Jeffrey N. Martin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
| | - Joseph M. McCune
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
- Current Address: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, U.S.A
| | - Peter W. Hunt
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
| | - Rachel L. Rutishauser
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
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Malabi R, Lebohang Manoto S, Ombinda-Lemboumba S, Maaza M, Mthunzi-Kufa P. Laser-enhanced drug delivery of antiretroviral drugs into human immunodeficiency virus-1 infected TZMbl cells. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201800424. [PMID: 31140728 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly increased life expectancy and improved management of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) disease globally. This well-established treatment regime has shown to reduce viral capacity to undetectable limits when using traditional clinical assays. The establishment of viral reservoirs during the early stages of infection are the major contributors to failure of the current regimens to eradicate HIV-1 infection since the reservoirs are not affected by antiretroviral drugs (ARVs). Therefore, advanced modification of the present treatment and investigation of novel antiretroviral drug delivery system are needed. The aim of this study was to use femtosecond (fs) laser pulses to deliver ARVs into HIV-1 infected TZMbl cells. Different ARVs were translocated into TZMbl cells using fs pulsed laser (800 nm) with optimum power of 4 μW and 10 ms laser to cell exposure time. Changes in cellular processes were evaluated using cellular morphology, viability, cytotoxicity and luciferase activity assays. Cells treated with the laser in the presence of ARVs showed a significant reduction in viral infectivity, cell viability and an increase in cytotoxicity. This study demonstrated that fs laser pulses were highly effective in delivering ARVs into HIV-1 infected TZMbl cells, causing a significant reduction in HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudzani Malabi
- Biophotonics, National Laser Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
- College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Department of Physics, NB Pityana Building, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Sello Lebohang Manoto
- Biophotonics, National Laser Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Saturnin Ombinda-Lemboumba
- Biophotonics, National Laser Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Malik Maaza
- College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Department of Physics, NB Pityana Building, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Patience Mthunzi-Kufa
- Biophotonics, National Laser Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
- College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Department of Physics, NB Pityana Building, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
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Tan DHS, Rolon MJ, Figueroa MI, Sued O, Gun A, Kaul R, Raboud JM, Szadkowski L, Hull MW, Walmsley SL, Cahn P. Inflammatory biomarker levels over 48 weeks with dual vs triple lopinavir/ritonavir-based therapy: Substudy of a randomized trial. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221653. [PMID: 31490959 PMCID: PMC6730918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality in HIV-positive patients. We compared inflammatory biomarkers with dual therapy using lopinavir/ritonavir plus lamivudine (LPV/r+3TC) versus triple therapy using LPV/r plus two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (LPV/r+2NRTIs) in treatment-naïve HIV-positive adults. Methods This was a substudy among Argentinian participants in the randomized trial GARDEL. We measured hsCRP, IL-6, MCP-1, TNF, D-dimer and sCD14 from plasma collected at baseline, week 24 and week 48. Generalized estimating equations with an identity/logit link were used to model the average impact of dual versus triple therapy on each biomarker over time, controlling for baseline levels. Additional models estimated the average effect of virologic suppression on biomarker levels over time, adjusting for age, sex, and baseline CD4 count. Results Of 191 trial participants enrolled in Argentina, 172 had baseline and follow-up measurements and were included. Median (IQR) age was 35.5 (28.5, 45) years and CD4 cell count was 310 (219, 414) cells/mm3. Dual therapy was not associated with significantly different biomarker levels over 48 weeks relative to triple therapy. Virologic suppression was associated with statistically significant decreases in MCP-1, TNF and D-dimer levels and an unexpected increase in sCD14 levels. No change was observed in hsCRP or the proportion of participants with undetectable IL-6 levels. Conclusions In addition to having virologic non-inferiority, LPV/r+3TC dual therapy is generally associated with similar inflammatory biomarker levels over 48 weeks compared to LPV/r+2NRTIs triple therapy in treatment-naïve adults. Further study of dual treatment regimens is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrell H. S. Tan
- St. Michael’s Hospital Division of Infectious Diseases, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University Health Network Division of Infectious Diseases, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto Department of Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Maria Jose Rolon
- Fundación Huésped, Pasaje Angel Peluffo 3932 (C1202ABB), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Ines Figueroa
- Fundación Huésped, Pasaje Angel Peluffo 3932 (C1202ABB), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Omar Sued
- Fundación Huésped, Pasaje Angel Peluffo 3932 (C1202ABB), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Gun
- Fundación Huésped, Pasaje Angel Peluffo 3932 (C1202ABB), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rupert Kaul
- University Health Network Division of Infectious Diseases, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto Department of Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto Department of Immunology, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Janet M. Raboud
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leah Szadkowski
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Sharon L. Walmsley
- University Health Network Division of Infectious Diseases, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto Department of Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pedro Cahn
- Fundación Huésped, Pasaje Angel Peluffo 3932 (C1202ABB), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Reckzeh ES, Karageorgis G, Schwalfenberg M, Ceballos J, Nowacki J, Stroet MC, Binici A, Knauer L, Brand S, Choidas A, Strohmann C, Ziegler S, Waldmann H. Inhibition of Glucose Transporters and Glutaminase Synergistically Impairs Tumor Cell Growth. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:1214-1228.e25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Alzahrani J, Hussain T, Simar D, Palchaudhuri R, Abdel-Mohsen M, Crowe SM, Mbogo GW, Palmer CS. Inflammatory and immunometabolic consequences of gut dysfunction in HIV: Parallels with IBD and implications for reservoir persistence and non-AIDS comorbidities. EBioMedicine 2019; 46:522-531. [PMID: 31327693 PMCID: PMC6710907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal mucosa is critical for maintaining the integrity and functions of the gut. Disruption of this barrier is a hallmark and a risk factor for many intestinal and chronic inflammatory diseases. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and HIV infection are characterized by microbial translocation and systemic inflammation. Despite the clinical overlaps between HIV and IBD, significant differences exist such as the severity of gut damage and mechanisms of immune cell homeostasis. Studies have supported the role of metabolic activation of immune cells in promoting chronic inflammation in HIV and IBD. This inflammatory response persists in HIV+ persons even after long-term virologic suppression by antiretroviral therapy (ART). Here, we review gut dysfunction and microbiota changes during HIV infection and IBD, and discuss how this may induce metabolic reprogramming of monocytes, macrophages and T cells to impact disease outcomes. Drawing from parallels with IBD, we highlight how factors such as lipopolysaccharides, residual viral replication, and extracellular vesicles activate biochemical pathways that regulate immunometabolic processes essential for HIV persistence and non-AIDS metabolic comorbidities. This review highlights new mechanisms and support for the use of immunometabolic-based therapeutics towards HIV remission/cure, and treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehad Alzahrani
- Life Sciences, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia; School of Medical Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tabinda Hussain
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Simar
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Suzanne M Crowe
- Life Sciences, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Clovis S Palmer
- Life Sciences, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia; School of Medical Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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