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Senwitz C, Butscher D, Holtmann L, Vogel M, Steudtner R, Drobot B, Stumpf T, Barkleit A, Heller A. Effect of Ba(II), Eu(III), and U(VI) on rat NRK-52E and human HEK-293 kidney cells in vitro. Sci Total Environ 2024; 923:171374. [PMID: 38432374 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metals pose a potential health risk to humans when they enter the organism. Renal excretion is one of the elimination pathways and, therefore, investigations with kidney cells are of particular interest. In the present study, the effects of Ba(II), Eu(III), and U(VI) on rat and human renal cells were investigated in vitro. A combination of microscopic, biochemical, analytical, and spectroscopic methods was used to assess cell viability, cell death mechanisms, and intracellular metal uptake of exposed cells as well as metal speciation in cell culture medium and inside cells. For Eu(III) and U(VI), cytotoxicity and intracellular uptake are positively correlated and depend on concentration and exposure time. An enhanced apoptosis occurs upon Eu(III) exposure whereas U(VI) exposure leads to enhanced apoptosis and (secondary) necrosis. In contrast to that, Ba(II) exhibits no cytotoxic effect at all and its intracellular uptake is time-independently very low. In general, both cell lines give similar results with rat cells being more sensitive than human cells. The dominant binding motifs of Eu(III) in cell culture medium as well as cell suspensions are (organo-) phosphate groups. Additionally, a protein complex is formed in medium at low Eu(III) concentration. In contrast, U(VI) forms a carbonate complex in cell culture medium as well as each one phosphate and carbonate complex in cell suspensions. Using chemical microscopy, Eu(III) was localized in granular, vesicular compartments near the nucleus and the intracellular Eu(III) species equals the one in cell suspensions. Overall, this study contributes to a better understanding of the interactions of Ba(II), Eu(III), and U(VI) on a cellular and molecular level. Since Ba(II) and Eu(III) serve as inactive analogs of the radioactive Ra(II) and Am(III)/Cm(III), the results of this study are also of importance for the health risk assessment of these radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Senwitz
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Professorship of Radiochemistry/Radioecology, 01062 Dresden, Germany; Technische Universität Dresden, SG 4.6 Radiation Protection, Central Radionuclide Laboratory, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel Butscher
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Linus Holtmann
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute of Radioecology and Radiation Protection, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Manja Vogel
- VKTA - Strahlenschutz, Analytik & Entsorgung Rossendorf e.V, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Robin Steudtner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Björn Drobot
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stumpf
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Professorship of Radiochemistry/Radioecology, 01062 Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Astrid Barkleit
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Heller
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Professorship of Radiochemistry/Radioecology, 01062 Dresden, Germany; Technische Universität Dresden, SG 4.6 Radiation Protection, Central Radionuclide Laboratory, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
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Lin Z, Zhang Y, Liang X, Huang G, Fan F, Yin X, Chen Z. Spatial distribution of rare earth elements and their impact factors in an area with a high abundance of regolith-hosted deposits. Chemosphere 2024; 352:141374. [PMID: 38342144 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Despite the widespread occurrence of regolith-hosted rare earth elements (REEs) across South China, their spatial distribution characteristics in soils and their impact factors remain largely uncertain. This knowledge gap impedes the exploration of regolith-hosted REE deposits and the assessment of the environmental risks associated with REEs. To address this issue, 180 soil samples were collected from Meizhou City, Guangdong Province, a region known for its high abundance of regolith-hosted REEs. Subsequently, the correlations between REE enrichment/fractionation and various factors, i.e., topography, climate conditions, land use, and landform were analysed using the geo-detector method. The results revealed a highly uneven spatial distribution of REEs and their fractionation features with some regions displaying distinct spatial patterns. Elevation was the dominant factor influencing this distribution, and showed strong correlations with the concentrations of REEs, light REEs (LREEs) and heavy REEs (HREEs); the LREE/HREE ratio; and the positive Ce anomaly (δCe). The negative Eu anomaly (δEu) showed a good correlation with rock type. The enrichment and fractionation of REEs indicated a coupling among the abovementioned factors. For REE enrichment, areas with elevations of 138-148 m, precipitation levels of 1553-1574 mm, annual average land surface temperatures of 30.4-30.5 °C, leaf area index values of 22-29 and surface cutting degree of 21.5-29.9 m showed the highest average abundance within each type (scope) of the predominant factors. These findings highlight the key factors affecting REE distribution, thereby aiding the efficient utilization of regolith-hosted REE resources and the evaluation of their environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoling Lin
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; Guangdong Public Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences Guangzhou, 510070, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yaduo Zhang
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Xiaoliang Liang
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Material Research & Development, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China.
| | - Guangqing Huang
- Guangdong Public Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences Guangzhou, 510070, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Fenglei Fan
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
| | - Xiaoling Yin
- Guangdong Public Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences Guangzhou, 510070, PR China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
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Chen Y, Xu F, Xiao X, Chi H, Lai Y, Lin X, Li Q, Song J, Wu W, Li Z, Yang X. Assessment of osteopontin as an early nephrotoxicity indicator in human renal proximal tubule cells and its application in evaluating lanthanum-induced nephrotoxicity. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 271:115928. [PMID: 38215666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.115928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Nephrotoxicity is a common adverse effect induced by various chemicals, necessitating the development of reliable toxicity screening models for nephrotoxicity assessment. In this study, we assessed a group of nephrotoxicity indicators derived from different toxicity pathways, including conventional endpoints and kidney tubular injury biomarkers such as clusterin (CLU), kidney injury molecule-I (KIM-1), osteopontin (OPN), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), using HK-2 and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived renal proximal tubular epithelial-like cells (PTLs). Among the biomarkers tested, OPN emerged as the most discerning and precise marker. The predictive potential of OPN was tested using a panel of 10 nephrotoxic and 5 non-nephrotoxic compounds. The results demonstrated that combining OPN with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) enhanced the diagnostic accuracy in both cellular models. Additionally, PTLs cells showed superior predictive efficacy for nephrotoxicity compared to HK-2 cells in this investigation. The two cellular models were utilized to evaluate the nephrotoxicity of lanthanum. The findings indicated that lanthanum possesses nephrotoxic properties; however, the degree of nephrotoxicity was relatively low, consistent with the outcomes of in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingsi Chen
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Feifei Xu
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Xiaoxuan Xiao
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Huiqin Chi
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Yuefei Lai
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Xiuqin Lin
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Qiuyun Li
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Jia Song
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Weiliang Wu
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Ziyin Li
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
| | - Xingfen Yang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
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Friedrich S, Sieber C, Drobot B, Tsushima S, Barkleit A, Schmeide K, Stumpf T, Kretzschmar J. Eu(III) and Cm(III) Complexation by the Aminocarboxylates NTA, EDTA, and EGTA Studied with NMR, TRLFS, and ITC-An Improved Approach to More Robust Thermodynamics. Molecules 2023; 28:4881. [PMID: 37375436 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex formation of Eu(III) and Cm(III) was studied via tetradentate, hexadentate, and octadentate coordinating ligands of the aminopolycarboxylate family, viz., nitrilotriacetate (NTA3-), ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA4-), and ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetate (EGTA4-), respectively. Based on the complexones' pKa values obtained from 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic pH titration, complex formation constants were determined by means of the parallel-factor-analysis-assisted evaluation of Eu(III) and Cm(III) time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS). This was complemented by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), providing the enthalpy and entropy of the complex formation. This allowed us to obtain genuine species along with their molecular structures and corresponding reliable thermodynamic data. The three investigated complexones formed 1:1 complexes with both Eu(III) and Cm(III). Besides the established Eu(III)-NTA 1:1 and 1:2 complexes, we observed, for the first time, the existence of a Eu(III)-NTA 2:2 complex of millimolar metal and ligand concentrations. Demonstrated for thermodynamic studies on Eu(III) and Cm(III) interaction with complexones, the utilized approach is commonly applicable to many other metal-ligand systems, even to high-affinity ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Friedrich
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Sieber
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Björn Drobot
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Satoru Tsushima
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- International Research Frontiers Initiative, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Astrid Barkleit
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Katja Schmeide
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stumpf
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jerome Kretzschmar
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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Heller A, Senwitz C, Foerstendorf H, Tsushima S, Holtmann L, Drobot B, Kretzschmar J. Europium(III) Meets Etidronic Acid (HEDP): A Coordination Study Combining Spectroscopic, Spectrometric, and Quantum Chemical Methods. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114469. [PMID: 37298946 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Etidronic acid (1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid, HEDP, H4L) is a proposed decorporation agent for U(VI). This paper studied its complex formation with Eu(III), an inactive analog of trivalent actinides, over a wide pH range, at varying metal-to-ligand ratios (M:L) and total concentrations. Combining spectroscopic, spectrometric, and quantum chemical methods, five distinct Eu(III)-HEDP complexes were found, four of which were characterized. The readily soluble EuH2L+ and Eu(H2L)2- species with log β values of 23.7 ± 0.1 and 45.1 ± 0.9 are formed at acidic pH. At near-neutral pH, EuHL0s forms with a log β of ~23.6 and, additionally, a most probably polynuclear complex. The readily dissolved EuL- species with a log β of ~11.2 is formed at alkaline pH. A six-membered chelate ring is the key motif in all solution structures. The equilibrium between the Eu(III)-HEDP species is influenced by several parameters, i.e., pH, M:L, total Eu(III) and HEDP concentrations, and time. Overall, the present work sheds light on the very complex speciation in the HEDP-Eu(III) system and indicates that, for risk assessment of potential decorporation scenarios, side reactions of HEDP with trivalent actinides and lanthanides should also be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Heller
- Chair of Radiochemistry/Radioecology, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Central Radionuclide Laboratory, Radiation Protection Office, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Senwitz
- Chair of Radiochemistry/Radioecology, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Central Radionuclide Laboratory, Radiation Protection Office, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Harald Foerstendorf
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Satoru Tsushima
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- International Research Frontiers Initiative (IRFI), Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Linus Holtmann
- Institute of Radioecology and Radiation Protection, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Björn Drobot
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jerome Kretzschmar
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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Neumann J, Lessing J, Lee SS, Stubbs JE, Eng PJ, Demnitz M, Fenter P, Schmidt M. Y(III) Sorption at the Orthoclase (001) Surface Measured by X-ray Reflectivity. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:266-276. [PMID: 36562683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Interactions of heavy metals with charged mineral surfaces control their mobility in the environment. Here, we investigate the adsorption of Y(III) onto the orthoclase (001) basal plane, the former as a representative of rare earth elements and an analogue of trivalent actinides and the latter as a representative of naturally abundant K-feldspar minerals. We apply in situ high-resolution X-ray reflectivity to determine the sorption capacity and molecular distribution of adsorbed Y species as a function of the Y3+ concentration, [Y3+], at pH 7 and 5. With [Y3+] ≥ 1 mM at pH 7, we observe an inner-sphere (IS) sorption complex at a distance of ∼1.5 Å from the surface and an outer-sphere (OS) complex at 3-4 Å. Based on the adsorption height of the IS complex, a bidentate, binuclear binding mode, in which Y3+ binds to two terminal oxygens, is proposed. In contrast, mostly OS sorption is observed at pH 5. The observed maximum Y coverage is ∼1.3 Y3+/AUC (AUC: area of the unit cell = 111.4 Å2) for all the investigated pH values and Y concentrations, which is in the expected range based on the estimated surface charge of orthoclase (001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Neumann
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden01328, Germany
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Jessica Lessing
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden01328, Germany
| | - Sang Soo Lee
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Joanne E Stubbs
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois60637, United States
| | - Peter J Eng
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois60637, United States
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois60637, United States
| | - Maximilian Demnitz
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden01328, Germany
| | - Paul Fenter
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Moritz Schmidt
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden01328, Germany
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Yan L, Gao F, Shi W, Geng B, Zhang J, Mao J, Tian Y, Ren L, Dai X, Chen J, Zhu J, Zhang X. A Two-Generation Reproductive Toxicity Study of Lanthanum Nitrate in SD Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2268-2282. [PMID: 34347232 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02841-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of lanthanum nitrate on the development of the parent, offspring, and the third generation of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, a two-generation reproductive toxicity experiment, was conducted. Two hundred and forty specific pathogen-free (SPF) healthy SD rats were randomly divided into the control group, low-, medium-, and high-dose group, with 30 male and 30 female rats in each group. The rats in each group were given 0 mg/kg, 10.0 mg/kg, 30.0 mg/kg, and 90.0 mg/kg lanthanum nitrate by gavage, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the weight gain and food intake of rats in each group. High-dose lanthanum nitrate had no effect on rat implantation and no embryo toxicity. The absolute and relative liver weights of F1a and F1b male rats in the high-dose group were significantly decreased. The absolute liver and spleen weight of F1b female rats in the high-dose group decreased significantly, but the relative weight did not change significantly. Histopathological examination results showed that there were no significant differences in the effects of different doses of lanthanum nitrate on the uterus, ovaries, oviduct, testes and epididymis, and liver of SD rats. Under the experimental conditions, 90.0 mg/kg lanthanum nitrate had an effect on the liver weight of the SD rats, but there was no liver toxicity. The no visible harmful effect level (NOAEL) of lanthanum nitrate on SD rats' reproduction toxicity is 90 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Yan
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fangyuan Gao
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wenjing Shi
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Bijiang Geng
- School of Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jiqianzhu Zhang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jingjing Mao
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yijun Tian
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lijun Ren
- School of Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xiaoyu Dai
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jikuai Chen
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Jiangbo Zhu
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Heller A, Pisarevskaja A, Bölicke N, Barkleit A, Bok F, Wober J. The effect of four lanthanides onto a rat kidney cell line (NRK-52E) is dependent on the composition of the cell culture medium. Toxicology 2021; 456:152771. [PMID: 33831499 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanide (Ln) exposure poses a serious health risk to animals and humans. In this study, we investigated the effect of 10-9-10-3 M La, Ce, Eu, and Yb exposure onto the viability of rat renal NRK-52E cells in dependence on Ln concentration, exposure time, and composition of the cell culture medium. Especially, the influence of fetal bovine serum (FBS) and citrate onto Ln cytotoxicity, solubility, and speciation was investigated. For this, in vitro cell viability studies using the XTT assay and fluorescence microscopic investigations were combined with solubility and speciation studies using TRLFS and ICP-MS, respectively. The theoretical Ln speciation was predicted using thermodynamic modeling. All Ln exhibit a concentration- and time-dependent effect on NRK-52E cells. FBS is the key parameter influencing both Ln solubility and cytotoxicity. We demonstrate that FBS is able to bind Ln3+ ions, thus, promoting solubility and reducing cytotoxicity after Ln exposure for 24 and 48 h. In contrast, citrate addition to the cell culture medium has no significant effect on Ln solubility and speciation nor cytotoxicity after Ln exposure for 24 and 48 h. However, a striking increase of cell viability is observable after Ln exposure for 8 h. Out of the four Ln elements under investigation, Ce is the most effective. Results from TRLFS and solubility measurements correlate well to those from in vitro cell culture experiments. In contrast, results from thermodynamic modeling do not correlate to TRLFS results, hence, demonstrating that big gaps in the database render this method, currently, inapplicable for the prediction of Ln speciation in cell culture media. Finally, this study demonstrates the importance and the synergistic effects of combining chemical and spectroscopic methods with cell culture techniques and biological methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Heller
- Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chair of Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01217, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Alina Pisarevskaja
- Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chair of Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01217, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Nora Bölicke
- Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chair of Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01217, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Astrid Barkleit
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Frank Bok
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Jannette Wober
- Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chair of Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01217, Dresden, Germany.
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Lyczko K, Rode JE, Dobrowolski JC. Chiral Lanthanide Complexes with l- and d-Alanine: An X-ray and Vibrational Circular Dichroism Study. Molecules 2020; 25:E2729. [PMID: 32545530 PMCID: PMC7357152 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A whole series of [Ln(H2O)4(Ala)2]26+ dimeric cationic lanthanide complexes with both L- and D-alanine enantiomers was synthesized. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 100 and 292 K shows the formation of two types of dimers (I and II) in crystals. Between the dimer centers, the alanine molecules behave as bridging (μ2-O,O'-) and chelating bridging (μ2-O,O,O'-) ligands. The first type of bridge is present in dimers I, while both bridge forms can be observed in dimers II. The IR and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra of all L- and D-alanine complexes were registered in the 1750-1250 cm-1 range as KBr pellets. Despite all the studied complexes are exhibiting similar crystal structures, the spectra reveal correlations or trends with the Ln-O1 distances which exemplify the lanthanide contraction effect in the IR spectra. This is especially true for the positions and intensities of some IR bands. Unexpectedly, the ν(C=O) VCD bands are quite intense and their composed shapes reveal the inequivalence of the C=O vibrators in the unit cell which vary with the lanthanide. Unlike in the IR spectra, the ν(C=O) VCD band positions are only weakly correlated with the change of Ln and the VCD intensities at most show some trends. Nevertheless, this is the first observation of the lanthanide contraction effect in the VCD spectra. Generally, for the heavier lanthanides (Ln: Dy-Lu), the VCD band maxima are very close to each other and the mirror reflection of the band of two enantiomers is usually better than that of the lighter Lns. DFT calculations show that the higher the multiplicity the higher the stability of the system. Actually, the molecular geometry in crystals (at 100 K) is well predicted based on the highest-spin structures. Also, the simulated IR and VCD spectra strongly depend on the Ln electron configuration but the best overall agreement was reached for the Lu complex, which is the only system with a fully filled f-shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Lyczko
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; (J.E.R.); (J.C.D.)
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