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Fedeli R, Cruz C, Loppi S, Munzi S. Hormetic Effect of Wood Distillate on Hydroponically Grown Lettuce. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:447. [PMID: 38337980 PMCID: PMC10856926 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The addition of biostimulants to nutrient solutions of hydroponically grown crops to speed up plant growth and improve plant yield and quality has been attracting more and more attention. This study investigated the effects of wood distillate (WD) addition to hydroponically grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants. Two concentrations of WD, 0.2% and 0.5%, were added to the nutrient solution, and biometric (i.e., leaf fresh weight, root fresh weight, root length and root surface area), photosynthetic (i.e., chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid content) and biochemical (i.e., electrolyte leakage, total polyphenols, total flavonoids, and total antioxidant power content) parameters were evaluated. The effects of WD were hormetic, as the 0.2% concentration stimulated biometric and biochemical parameters, while the 0.5% concentration inhibited plant growth. Based on these results, it can be suggested that the addition of 0.2% WD to the nutrient solution has a stimulating effect on the growth of lettuce plants, and could be a successful strategy to boost the yield of crops grown hydroponically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Fedeli
- BioAgry Lab, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Cristina Cruz
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Stefano Loppi
- BioAgry Lab, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- BAT Center—Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Silvana Munzi
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.C.); (S.M.)
- Centro Interuniversitário de Historia das Ciências e da Tecnologia Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
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Cândido NR, Pasa VMD, Vilela ADO, Campos ÂD, de Fátima Â, Modolo LV. Understanding the multifunctionality of pyroligneous acid from waste biomass and the potential applications in agriculture. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 881:163519. [PMID: 37061061 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Efforts have been directed to the development of environmentally friendly processes and manufacturing of green products, use of renewable energy and more sustainable agricultural practices. Pyroligneous acid (PA) is a byproduct of biomass pyrolysis that consists of a complex mixture of bioactive substances. The complexity and richness of PA composition have opened a window for PA application in agriculture and mitigation of environmental pollution. This review brings a brief historical on the use of PA and regulatory policies adopted in Brazil, China, Japan and Thailand for PA application in agriculture. The composition and stability of PAs of several origins are presented, together with a discussion of the use of PA to boost plant growth and crop productivity, remove toxic metals from soil, inhibit soil ureases, mitigate the emission of greenhouse gases, control phytopathogen proliferation and weed dissemination. A great variety of biomass types are reported as feedstock to produce PA with distinct chemically diverse and active substances at wide-ranging concentrations. PA has been shown to successfully improve farming practices in a more sustainable fashion. The disclosure of the mechanisms of action that drive the PA's effects, together with the pursue of safety and efficacy data in a case-by-case way to address toxicity and shelf stability, will be valuable to expand the use of PA worldwide for food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núbia Rangel Cândido
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vânya Márcia Duarte Pasa
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Ângela Diniz Campos
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Clima Temperado (CPACT), Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Monte Bonito, RS, Brazil
| | - Ângelo de Fátima
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Luzia Valentina Modolo
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Maliang H, Li Y, Wang Y, Jin L, Liu H, Chen A, Chen J, Ma J. Pyroligneous acids from biomass charcoal by-product as a potential non-selective bioherbicide for organic farming: its chemical components, greenhouse phytotoxicity and field efficacy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:14126-14138. [PMID: 36149555 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23087-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Effective and environmentally friendly herbicides are urgently needed to meet consumer demand for organic products. To evaluate the weed control effect of four pyroligneous acid (PAs) mixtures, the byproducts of bamboo/wood/straw vinegar, two herbicide discovery tests were done: (1) the greenhouse tests by using four indicative plants: wheat (Triticum sativa), radish (Raphanus sativus), cucumber (Cucumus sativus), and Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv; (2) Field trials with four weeds: E. crusgalli, Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn, Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb, and Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. Greenhouse tests showed that the efficacy of PAs and acetic acid (AA) to control four test plants increased with the increasing of PAs concentration. The inhibition rates of four tested PAs (FBV (0.6-9.2% AA + (0.3-5.0% tar), HWV (0.2-1.8% AA + 0.3-4.3% tar), ASV (0.5-8.7% AA + 0.4-7.0% tar), and CWV (0.7-5.3% AA + 0.5-7.5% tar) gave inhibition rates of 56 ± 4-97 ± 2%, 21 ± 2-90 ± 6%, 29 ± 3-98 ± 5%, and 44 ± 6-86 ± 2%, respectively, and the field effects of PAs against four weeds were enhanced with the increasing of concentrations and time after spraying (1 to 14 days). Their control effects against E. crusgalli, E. indica, A. philoxeroides, and C. canadensis were 4 ± 1-93 ± 4%, 7 ± 3-90 ± 3%, 32 ± 2-95 ± 3%, and 31 ± 5-96 ± 4%, respectively. The mixed effect of the four PAs was higher than the same dose of AA. These results will help to determine the potential of PAs to be developed as non-selective herbicides to control weeds in organic farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidong Maliang
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A and F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A and F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A and F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Lancao Jin
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A and F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A and F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Anliang Chen
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A and F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A and F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyi Ma
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A and F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, People's Republic of China.
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Sivaram AK, Logeshwaran P, Abinandan S, Mukunthan K, Megharaj M. Cyto-genotoxicity evaluation of pyroligneous acid using Allium cepa assay. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2022; 57:852-857. [PMID: 36093751 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2119741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pyroligneous acid (PA) is a highly oxygenated organic condensate obtained by cooling the gases generated from the pyrolysis process. PA has been used in agriculture for several years with multiple beneficial effects, including plant health and yields, pest resilience, and seed germination. It is generally applied to agricultural soils in the dilution of 1:1000 to 1:100, corresponding to 0.1-1% PA concentration. In this study, the cyto-genotoxic potential of PA to Allium cepa meristematic root-tips (where all cells undergo repeated division and form primary root tissues) was examined. Exposure to PA concentrations of 0.1% and above showed a reduction in the mitotic index percentage, and at 5%, a complete arrest in the cell division was recorded. However, chromosomal aberrations at 0.5, 1, and 3% PA were reversible types such as bridges, vagrants, laggards, and multipolar anaphase, with a maximum of only 5.8% chromosomal aberration observed at 3% PA. Comet assay (single-cell gel electrophoresis) for genotoxicity assessment determined using PA exposed A. cepa root tips showed that it was not genotoxic. The absence of cyto-genotoxicity in A. cepa, even at concentrations far above what would be typically encountered in agricultural applications, strongly suggests that PA is unlikely to cause adverse effects on crops and ultimately on the biota and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anithadevi Kenday Sivaram
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Panneerselvan Logeshwaran
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environments, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Sudharsanam Abinandan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environments, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | | | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environments, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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Goetten de Lima G, Wilke Sivek T, Matos M, Lundgren Thá E, de Oliveira KMG, Rodrigues de Souza I, de Morais de Lima TA, Cestari MM, Esteves Magalhães WL, Hansel FA, Morais Leme D. A biocide delivery system composed of nanosilica loaded with neem oil is effective in reducing plant toxicity of this biocide. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 294:118660. [PMID: 34896221 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
One possible way to reduce the environmental impacts of pesticides is by nanostructuring biocides in nanocarriers because this promotes high and localized biocidal activity and can avoid toxicity to non-target organisms. Neem oil (NO) is a natural pesticide with toxicity concerns to plants, fish, and other organisms. Thus, loading NO in a safe nanocarrier can contribute to minimizing its toxicity. For this study, we have characterized the integrity of a nanosilica-neem oil-based biocide delivery system (SiO2NP#NO BDS) and evaluated its effectiveness in reducing NO toxicity by the Allium cepa test. NO, mainly consisted of unsaturated fatty acids, was well binded to the SiO2NP with BTCA crosslinker. Overall, this material presented all of its pores filled with the NO with fatty acid groups at both the surface and bulk level of the nanoparticle. The thermal stability of NO was enhanced after synthesis, and the NO was released as zero-order model with a total of 20 days without burst release. The SiO2NP#NO BDS was effective in reducing the individual toxicity of NO to the plant system. NO in single form inhibited the seed germination of A. cepa (EC50 of 0.38 g L-1), and the effect was no longer observed at the BDS condition. Contrarily to the literature, the tested NO did not present cyto- and geno-toxic effects in A. cepa, which may relate to the concentration level and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Goetten de Lima
- Graduate Program in Engineering and Science of Materials - PIPE, Federal University of Paraná - UFPR, 81.531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
| | - Tainá Wilke Sivek
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Mailson Matos
- Graduate Program in Engineering and Science of Materials - PIPE, Federal University of Paraná - UFPR, 81.531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Oliveira KMGD, Carvalho EHDS, Santos Filho RD, Sivek TW, Thá EL, Souza IRD, Coelho LDDS, Pimenta MEB, Oliveira GARD, Oliveira DPD, Cestari MM, Leme DM. Single and mixture toxicity evaluation of three phenolic compounds to the terrestrial ecosystem. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 296:113226. [PMID: 34252852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are primarily studied regarding endocrine-mediated effects in mammals and fish. However, EDCs can cause toxicity by mechanisms outside the endocrine system, and, as they are released continuously into soils, they may pose risks to terrestrial organisms. In this work, the plant Allium cepa and the earthworm Eisenia foetida were used as test systems to evaluate the toxicity and cyto-/geno-toxicity of three environmental phenols known as EDCs (Bisphenol A - BPA, Octylphenol - OP, Nonylphenol - NP). The tested phenols were evaluated in environmentally relevant concentrations (μg/L) and in single forms and mixture. BPA, OP, and NP did not inhibit the seed germination and root development in A. cepa in their single forms and mixture. However, all single forms of the tested phenols caused cellular and DNA damages in A. cepa, and although these effects persist in the mixtures, the effects were verified at lower levels. These phenols caused acute toxicity to E. foetida after 48 h of exposure and at both conditions evaluated (single forms and mixture); however, unlike A. cepa, in earthworms, mixtures and single forms presented the same level of effects, indicating that interspecies physiological different might influence the mixture toxicity. In summary, our results suggest that BPA, OP, and NP are toxicants to earthworm and cyto-/geno-toxicants to monocotyledonous plants at low concentrations. However, interaction among these phenols reduces the magnitude of their individual effects (antagonistic effect) in the plant test system. Therefore, this study draws attention to the need to raise knowledge about the ecotoxicity of phenolic compounds to help predict their ecological risks and protect non-target terrestrial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketelen Michele Guilherme de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Departament of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Ronaldo Dos Santos Filho
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Departament of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Tainá Wilke Sivek
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Departament of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Emanoela Lundgren Thá
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Departament of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Irisdoris Rodrigues de Souza
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Departament of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Lauren Dalat de Sousa Coelho
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Environmental Toxicology Research Laboratory (EnvTox), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Maria Eunice Bertelli Pimenta
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Environmental Toxicology Research Laboratory (EnvTox), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Gisele Augusto Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Environmental Toxicology Research Laboratory (EnvTox), Goiânia, GO, Brazil; National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Danielle Palma de Oliveira
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Marta Margarete Cestari
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Departament of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniela Morais Leme
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Departament of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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Maliang H, Wang P, Chen A, Liu H, Lin H, Ma J. Bamboo Tar as a Novel Fungicide: Its Chemical Components, Laboratory Evaluation, and Field Efficacy Against False Smut and Sheath Blight of Rice and Powdery Mildew and Fusarium Wilt of Cucumber. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:331-338. [PMID: 32772833 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-20-1157-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The application of agricultural and forest residues can benefit the environment and the economy; however, they also generate a large amount of byproducts. In this study, bamboo tar (BT), a waste product of bamboo charcoal production, was dissolved in natural ethanol and the surfactant alkyl glucoside to manufacture a 50% (wt/wt) BT emulsifiable concentrate (BTEC) biopesticide. BTEC was screened for fungicidal activity against pathogens. The greatest activity was seen against Ustilaginoidea virens with a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) value of 6 mg/liter. Four phytopathogenic fungi, Podosphaera xanthii, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, and Botrytis cinerea, showed EC50 values of <60 mg/liter. Greenhouse tests in vivo showed 2,000 mg/liter BTEC had a 78.4% protective effect against U. virens, and replicated treatments had an 80.6% protective effect. In addition, replicated 2-year field trials were conducted in two geographic locations with four plant diseases: false smut (U. virens), rice sheath blight (Thanatephorus cucumeris [Frank] Donk), cucumber powdery mildew (P. xanthii), and cucumber Fusarium wilt (F. oxysporum). Results showed that 1,000 to 2,000 mg/liter BTEC significantly inhibited these diseases. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that the total phenolic mass fractions of two BT samples were 45.39 and 48.26%. Eleven components were detected, and their percentage content was as follows (from high to low): 2,6-dimethoxyphenol > 2- or 4-ethylphenol > 2- or 4-methylphenol > phenol > 4-ethylguaiacol > dimethoxyphenol > 4-methylguaiacol > 4-propenyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol > 2,4-dimethylphenol. Some of the phenolic compounds identified from the tar might be fungicidally active components. BT is a biochar waste, which has potential as a biofungicide and has promise in organic agriculture. The value of this tar may not be because of any fundamental physical differences from other synthetic fungicides but rather caused by reduced production expenses and more efficient use of waste products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidong Maliang
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, P.R. China
| | - Pinwei Wang
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, P.R. China
| | - Anliang Chen
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, P.R. China
| | - Haiping Lin
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, P.R. China
| | - Jianyi Ma
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, P.R. China
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Barbero-López A, Akkanen J, Lappalainen R, Peräniemi S, Haapala A. Bio-based wood preservatives: Their efficiency, leaching and ecotoxicity compared to a commercial wood preservative. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 753:142013. [PMID: 32890867 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Companies in the wood industry are constantly developing their outdoor products. The possibility of using bio-based chemicals as an alternative to traditional wood preservatives-regulated in Europe by The Biocidal Products Regulation No 528/2012-has been considered, but chemical leaching from the wood decreases its effectiveness and may negatively affect the environment. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of bio-based chemicals with potential use in wood preservation to commercially available preservatives, to investigate their fixation to wood and their ecotoxicity and to quantify the potentially toxic elements leached from the wood. Pyrolysis distillates of tree bark, organic acids found in distillates, Colatan GT10 tannin extract and log soaking liquid as a hardwood veneer process residue were tested and compared with commercial pine oil and a copper-based wood preservative. In the wood decay test of impregnated pine sapwood specimens, Colatan GT10 extract performed as well as the commercial wood preservatives. The same decay trial with leached specimens significantly reduced the performance of the bio-based chemicals. The results of the ecotoxicity test with photoluminescent Aliivibrio fischeri bacteria showed that many bio-based chemicals with potential use in wood preservation have markedly lower ecotoxicity than commercially available wood preservatives, but the ecotoxicity of some bio-based chemicals is higher, as in the case of some of the pyrolysis distillates. The wood preservation efficiency and the ecotoxicity of the studied chemicals had a poor correlation, implying that other factors besides treatment agent toxicity play a role in deterring fungal growth on treated wood. The amount of elemental toxins in the leachates was low. These results emphasize the importance of the chemical ecotoxicity of bio-based preservative compounds, as their detrimental effect on the environment can be higher than that of the traditional preservatives unless effectively linked to wood to prevent leaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Barbero-López
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, Joensuu 80101, Finland.
| | - Jarkko Akkanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, Joensuu 80101, Finland
| | - Reijo Lappalainen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sirpa Peräniemi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antti Haapala
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, Joensuu 80101, Finland
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Soares WNC, Lira GPO, Santos CS, Dias GN, Pimenta AS, Pereira AF, Benício LDM, Rodrigues GSO, Amora SSA, Alves ND, Feijó FMC. Pyroligneous acid from Mimosa tenuiflora and Eucalyptus urograndis as an antimicrobial in dairy goats. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:604-614. [PMID: 33342017 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the applicability of the Mimosa tenuiflora and Eucalyptus urograndis pyroligneous acids (PAs) as alternative antiseptics in dairy goats. METHODS AND RESULTS Cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro using bacteria, as well as in vivo using goats, and the influence of PAs on the physicochemical parameters of fresh milk were examined. The cytotoxicity of PAs was evaluated in terms of morphology, cell viability and metabolic activity of goat tegumentary cells. The PA of M. tenuiflora had results similar to those of 2% iodine. For the in vitro tests, strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used with the well technique, demonstrating inhibition halos greater than 9 mm. In the in vivo test, 15 animals were used per phase of the experiment, and the plate counting technique showed that there was antiseptic action of both extracts, with emphasis on the M. tenuiflora PA. Physicochemical analysis of the milk showed that neither PAs interfered with its physical-chemical parameters. CONCLUSIONS The PA of M. tenuiflora presented potential as an alternative antiseptic in dairy goats. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study demonstrates the use of PA as an antimicrobial agent in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- W N C Soares
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - G P O Lira
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semi-arid Region, UFERSA, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - C S Santos
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - G N Dias
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - A S Pimenta
- Forest Engineering, Master Program in Forest Sciences, Agricultural Sciences Unit, Agricultural School of Jundiaí, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Jundiai, RN, Brazil
| | - A F Pereira
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semi-arid Region, UFERSA, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - L D M Benício
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - G S O Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - S S A Amora
- Laboratory of Food Tecnology, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semi-arid Region, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - N D Alves
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - F M C Feijó
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Aguirre JL, Baena J, Martín MT, González S, Manjón JL, Peinado M. Herbicidal effects of wood vinegar on nitrophilous plant communities. Food Energy Secur 2020; 9:e253. [PMID: 35865269 PMCID: PMC9285909 DOI: 10.1002/fes3.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In Europe, and many parts of the world, the number and variety of animal species on farmland is in marked decline. There is a need to search for alternatives that are safe for the environmental and are effective in controlling weeds. Wood vinegar from biomass pyrolysis may be an alternative for herb control. In this study, Wood vinegar (WV) pH, moisture content, and composition were analyzed, with subsequent assessment of the effects of WV on nitrophilous plant communities under natural conditions. The following three treatments were used: WV dissolved in water to form 25 vol% and 50 vol% dilutions and undiluted WV (100 vol%). The results showed a greater than 70% decrease in biomass at 7 days after WV application in all treatments. At the end of the sampling period (day 42), the plots treated with WV had four‐times less biomass than the controls. No significant differences were observed among different treatments, thus indicating that a 25% dilution may suffice for use as an herbicide. However, this concentration also produced the highest variability in results. The area cleared by the affected species was colonized by perennial species. At the end of the sampling, 80% of the area of the treated plots was occupied by perennial species, whereas this percentage was 30% in control plots. Electron micrographs showed that the epidermis of the treated plants was severely affected within a few hours of the treatment, particularly of the stomatal cells. The most affected species were those with smooth leaves without protective structures and those with lighter stems and leaves. The good herbicidal performance of WV notwithstanding, regulations must be clarified for its use as an herbicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luis Aguirre
- Cátedra de Medio Ambiente Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad de Alcalá Madrid Spain
- Environment and Bioproducts Group Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad de Alcalá Madrid Spain
| | - Juan Baena
- Cátedra de Medio Ambiente Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad de Alcalá Madrid Spain
- Environment and Bioproducts Group Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad de Alcalá Madrid Spain
| | - María Teresa Martín
- Cátedra de Medio Ambiente Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad de Alcalá Madrid Spain
- Environment and Bioproducts Group Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad de Alcalá Madrid Spain
| | - Sergio González
- Cátedra de Medio Ambiente Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad de Alcalá Madrid Spain
- Environment and Bioproducts Group Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad de Alcalá Madrid Spain
| | - José Luis Manjón
- Departamento de Ciencias de la vida Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad de Alcalá Madrid Spain
| | - Manuel Peinado
- Environment and Bioproducts Group Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad de Alcalá Madrid Spain
- Instituto Franklin de Estudios Norteamericanos Universidad de Alcalá Madrid Spain
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11
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Composition, Ageing and Herbicidal Properties of Wood Vinegar Obtained through Fast Biomass Pyrolysis. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13102418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis could be an economically feasible option for forest management as it reduces the need to burn litter and helps in fire prevention thus avoiding the release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. This study characterises wood vinegar (WV) obtained via a continuous fast pyrolysis process in terms of its composition, ageing and herbicidal properties. The aqueous WV fraction had a moisture content of 84% in weight and contained more than 200 compounds. Acetic acid, hydroxyacetaldehyde and hydroxyacetone were the major components. No significant differences were found in WV composition according to the starting material (poplar, pine, pruning litter, forest waste). No residual aromatic polycyclic compounds that could be harmful to the environment were detected. In a series of climate-controlled glass chamber experiments, the WV proved to be as effective an inhibitor of seed germination and seedling growth as a contact herbicide acting against weeds, especially through aerial contact. Sprayed WV concentrations of 50, 75 and 100 vol. % were effective against all plant species tested. This product could therefore be of commercial interest and help make biomass pyrolysis economically viable, once environmental exposure limits and the safe application for agricultural and urban use of this product have been established.
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