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Wang L, Wang Z, Chen Y, Cao J. Effects of monochromatic light on hepatic glycogen and lipid synthesis in broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103193. [PMID: 37931402 PMCID: PMC10654228 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal growth is closely related to glycolipid metabolism, and the liver is the main organ for glycogen storage and fat synthesis in birds, but whether monochromatic light affects glycogen and lipid synthesis in the liver is unclear. Therefore, in this study, a total of 96 Arbor Acre (AA) broilers at posthatching d 0 (P0) were raised under 4 kinds of light-emitting diode (LED) lights, white light (WL), red light (RL), green light (GL), and blue light (BL), to posthatching d 21 (P21) and 35 (P35). The results showed that the liver, abdominal fat, and abdominal fat indices gradually increased with increasing age under monochromatic light treatments. The liver glycogen and triglyceride (TG) contents also showed an increasing trend. Furthermore, compared with those at P21, the mRNA levels of glycogen synthase (GS), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), and protein kinase B (AKT1) in the liver were increased in the WL and RL groups at P35, and the mRNA levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and apolipoprotein B (APOB) increased in all groups at P35. At the same time, the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) contents increased in all groups at P35 compared with those at P21. In addition, at P21, compared with WL, GL and BL promoted the serum glucose (GLU) and TG contents by increasing the mRNA levels of GS, GSK-3β, glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC), ACC, and fatty acid synthase (FAS), but no effect on the proliferative ability and damage of hepatocytes. At P35, RL promoted the hepatic glycogen and TG contents by increasing GSK-3β, AKT1, ACC, and APOB mRNA levels, and the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were increased than in the WL group. These results suggest that the effects of light color on liver glycogen and lipid synthesis in broilers changed with age, and also provide a theoretical guidance for scientific use of color of light information to improve productive performance in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animal, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Guan Q, Li Y, Wang Z, Cao J, Dong Y, Ren F, Chen Y. Monochromatic Light Pollution Exacerbates High-Fat Diet-Induced Adipocytic Hypertrophy in Mice. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233808. [PMID: 36497068 PMCID: PMC9737108 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Light pollution worldwide promotes the progression of obesity, which is widely considered a consequence of circadian rhythm disruptions. However, the role of environmental light wavelength in mammalian obesity is not fully understood. Herein, mice fed a normal chow diet (NCD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) were exposed to daytime white (WL), blue (BL), green (GL), and red light (RL) for 8 weeks. Compared with WL and RL, BL significantly increased weight gain and white adipose tissue (WAT) weight, and it disrupted glucose homeostasis in mice fed with HFD but not NCD. The analysis of WAT found that BL significantly aggravated HFD-induced WAT hypertrophy, with a decrease in IL-10 and an increase in NLRP3, p-P65, p-IκB, TLR4, Cd36, Chrebp, Srebp-1c, Fasn, and Cpt1β relative to WL or RL. More interestingly, BL upregulated the expression of circadian clocks in the WAT, including Clock, Bmal1, Per1, Cry1, Cry2, Rorα, Rev-erbα, and Rev-erbβ compared with WL or RL. However, most of the changes had no statistical difference between BL and GL. Mechanistically, BL significantly increased plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels and glucocorticoid receptors in the WAT, which may account for the changes in circadian clocks. Further, in vitro study confirmed that CORT treatment did promote the expression of circadian clocks in 3T3-L1 cells, accompanied by an increase in Chrebp, Cd36, Hsp90, P23, NLRP3, and p-P65. Thus, daily BL, rather than RL exposure-induced CORT elevation, may drive changes in the WAT circadian clocks, ultimately exacerbating lipid dysmetabolism and adipocytic hypertrophy in the HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Guan
- Neurobiology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- Neurobiology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Neurobiology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yulan Dong
- Neurobiology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- Neurobiology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62733778; Fax: +86-10-62733199
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Guan Q, Wang Z, Cao J, Dong Y, Chen Y. The role of light pollution in mammalian metabolic homeostasis and its potential interventions: A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 312:120045. [PMID: 36030956 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Irregular or unnatural artificial light causes severe environmental stress on the survival and health of organisms, which is rapidly becoming a widespread new type of environmental pollution. A series of disruptive behaviors to body homeostasis brought about by light pollution, including metabolic abnormalities, are likely to be the result of circadian rhythm disturbances. Recently, the proposed role of light pollution in metabolic dysregulation has accelerated it into an emerging field. Hence, the regulatory role of light pollution in mammalian metabolic homeostasis is reviewed in this contribution. Light at night is the most widely affected type of light pollution, which disrupts metabolic homeostasis largely due to its disruption of daily food intake patterns, alterations of hormone levels such as melatonin and glucocorticoids, and changes in the rhythm of inflammatory factor production. Besides, light pollution impairs mammalian metabolic processes in an intensity-, photoperiod-, and wavelength-dependent manner, and is also affected by species, gender, and diets. Nevertheless, metabolic disorders triggered by light pollution are not irreversible to some extent. Potential interventions such as melatonin supplementation, recovery to the LD cycle, time-restricted feeding, voluntary exercise, wearing blue light-shied goggles, and bright morning light therapy open a bright avenue to prevent light pollution. This work will help strengthen the relationship between light information and metabolic homeostasis and provide new insights for the better prevention of metabolic disorders and light pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Guan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yulan Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China.
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Guan Q, Wang Z, Cao J, Dong Y, Chen Y. Monochromatic blue light not green light exposure is associated with continuous light-induced hepatic steatosis in high fat diet fed-mice via oxidative stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 239:113625. [PMID: 35588616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Irregular light exposure is a newly identified environmental factor for the progression of lipid metabolism; however, the specific effect of light color exposure on lipid homeostasis remains unknown. Herein, 4-week-old male C57BL/6 J mice (n = 12) fed a high-fat diet (HFD) were exposed to a standard 12-h light: 12-h dark cycle (LD-WF) and a 24-h continuous monochromatic blue light (LL-BF), green light (LL-GF), or white light (LL-WF) condition for 12 weeks. LL-BF interfered with the expression of circadian genes in the hypothalamus and upregulated the plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels (p < 0.05) compared with LD-WF. Along with elevation of the CORT level, LL-BF enhanced glucocorticoid receptor synthesis, increased the Hsp90 mRNA level, reduced the antioxidant capacity, increased the production of ROS and MDA, and reduced the Pgc-1α mRNA level in the liver (p < 0.05). Furthermore, LL-BF disrupted the hepatic expression levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism, Acc and Hl, which further aggravated the hepatic steatosis status and significantly increased the liver pathological scores, TG, TC, IL-6, and TNF-α levels (p < 0.05). LL-BF consistently increased the body weight and incidence of dyslipidemia and lipid deposition. However, no difference was observed between LL-BF and LL-WF (p > 0.05). Surprisingly, LL-GF did not show any changes induced by LL-BF and LL-WF, and contrary to LL-BF, LL-GF and LD-WF showed no significantly differing changes (p > 0.05). Taken together, exposure to monochromatic blue light but not green light is associated with continuous light-aggravated hepatic steatosis in HFD-fed mice. The effect of continuous blue light exposure may be attributed to the disturbance of biological rhythm, increase in CORT secretion, induction of oxidative stress, and interference of the Acc and Hl levels in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Guan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yulan Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China.
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