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Coussement J, Henke M, Lootens P, Roldán-Ruiz I, Steppe K, De Swaef T. Modelling leaf spectral properties in a soybean functional-structural plant model by integrating the prospect radiative transfer model. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 122:669-676. [PMID: 29905760 PMCID: PMC6153468 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Currently, functional-structural plant models (FSPMs) mostly resort to static descriptions of leaf spectral characteristics, which disregard the influence of leaf physiological changes over time. In many crop species, including soybean, these time-dependent physiological changes are of particular importance as leaf chlorophyll content changes with leaf age and vegetative nitrogen is remobilized to the developing fruit during pod filling. Methods PROSPECT, a model developed to estimate leaf biochemical composition from remote sensing data, is well suited to allow a dynamic approximation of leaf spectral characteristics in terms of leaf composition. In this study, measurements of the chlorophyll content index (CCI) were linked to leaf spectral characteristics within the 400-800 nm range by integrating the PROSPECT model into a soybean FSPM alongside a wavelength-specific light model. Key Results Straightforward links between the CCI and the parameters of the PROSPECT model allowed us to estimate leaf spectral characteristics with high accuracy using only the CCI as an input. After integration with an FSPM, this allowed digital reconstruction of leaf spectral characteristics on the scale of both individual leaves and the whole canopy. As a result, accurate simulations of light conditions within the canopy were obtained. Conclusions The proposed approach resulted in a very accurate representation of leaf spectral properties, based on fast and simple measurements of the CCI. Integration of accurate leaf spectral characteristics into a soybean FSPM leads to a better, dynamic understanding of the actual perceived light within the canopy in terms of both light quantity and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Coussement
- Plant Sciences Unit, Institute of Agricultural, Fisheries and Food Research (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Michael Henke
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Peter Lootens
- Plant Sciences Unit, Institute of Agricultural, Fisheries and Food Research (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | - Isabel Roldán-Ruiz
- Plant Sciences Unit, Institute of Agricultural, Fisheries and Food Research (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Tom De Swaef
- Plant Sciences Unit, Institute of Agricultural, Fisheries and Food Research (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
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Perez RPA, Dauzat J, Pallas B, Lamour J, Verley P, Caliman JP, Costes E, Faivre R. Designing oil palm architectural ideotypes for optimal light interception and carbon assimilation through a sensitivity analysis of leaf traits. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 121:909-926. [PMID: 29293866 PMCID: PMC5906926 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Enhancement of light harvesting in annual crops has successfully led to yield increases since the green revolution. Such an improvement has mainly been achieved by selecting plants with optimal canopy architecture for specific agronomic practices. For perennials such as oil palm, breeding programmes were focused more on fruit yield, but now aim at exploring more complex traits. The aim of the present study is to investigate potential improvements in light interception and carbon assimilation in the study case of oil palm, by manipulating leaf traits and proposing architectural ideotypes. Methods Sensitivity analyses (Morris method and metamodel) were performed on a functional-structural plant model recently developed for oil palm which takes into account genetic variability, in order to virtually assess the impact of plant architecture on light interception efficiency and potential carbon acquisition. Key Results The most sensitive parameters found over plant development were those related to leaf area (rachis length, number of leaflets, leaflet morphology), although fine attributes related to leaf geometry showed increasing influence when the canopy became closed. In adult stands, optimized carbon assimilation was estimated on plants with a leaf area index between 3.2 and 5.5 m2 m-2 (corresponding to usual agronomic conditions), with erect leaves, short rachis and petiole, and high number of leaflets on the rachis. Four architectural ideotypes for carbon assimilation are proposed based on specific combinations of organ dimensions and arrangement that limit mutual shading and optimize light distribution within the plant crown. Conclusions A rapid set-up of leaf area is critical at young age to optimize light interception and subsequently carbon acquisition. At the adult stage, optimization of carbon assimilation could be achieved through specific combinations of architectural traits. The proposition of multiple morphotypes with comparable level of carbon assimilation opens the way to further investigate ideotypes carrying an optimal trade-off between carbon assimilation, plant transpiration and biomass partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël P A Perez
- CIRAD, UMR AMAP, Montpellier, France
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Dauzat
- CIRAD, UMR AMAP, Montpellier, France
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Benoît Pallas
- AGAP, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, SupAgro, Monpellier, France
| | | | - Philippe Verley
- IRD, UMR AMAP, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Evelyne Costes
- AGAP, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, SupAgro, Monpellier, France
| | - Robert Faivre
- Université Fédérale de Toulouse, INRA, UR875 MIAT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Coussement JR, De Swaef T, Lootens P, Roldán-Ruiz I, Steppe K. Introducing turgor-driven growth dynamics into functional-structural plant models. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 121:849-861. [PMID: 29324998 PMCID: PMC5906928 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims In many scenarios the availability of assimilated carbon is not the constraining factor of plant growth. Rather, organ growth appears driven by sink activity in which water availability plays a determinant role. Current functional-structural plant models (FSPMs) mainly focus on plant-carbon relations and largely disregard the importance of plant water status in organogenesis. Consequently, incorporating a turgor-driven growth concept, coupling carbon and water dynamics in an FSPM, presents a significant improvement towards capturing plant development in a more mechanistic manner. Methods An existing process-based water flow and storage model served as a basis for implementing water control in FSPMs. Its concepts were adjusted to the scale of individual plant organs and interwoven with the basic principles of modelling carbon dynamics to allow evaluation of turgor pressure across the entire plant. This was then linked to plant organ growth by applying the principles of the widely used Lockhart equation. Key results This model successfully integrates a mechanistic understanding of plant water transport dynamics coupled with simple carbon dynamics within a dynamically developing plant architecture. It allows evaluation of turgor pressure on the scale of plant organs, resulting in clear diel and long-term patterns, directly linked to plant organ growth. Conclusions A conceptual sap flow and turgor-driven growth model was introduced for functional-structural plant modelling. It is applicable to any plant architecture and allows visual exploration of the diel patterns of organ water content and growth. Integrated in existing FSPMs, this new concept fosters an array of possibilities for FSPMs, as it presents a different formulation of growth in terms of local processes, influenced by local and external conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas R Coussement
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Plant Sciences Unit, Institute of Agricultural, Fisheries and Food Research (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | - Tom De Swaef
- Plant Sciences Unit, Institute of Agricultural, Fisheries and Food Research (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | - Peter Lootens
- Plant Sciences Unit, Institute of Agricultural, Fisheries and Food Research (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | - Isabel Roldán-Ruiz
- Plant Sciences Unit, Institute of Agricultural, Fisheries and Food Research (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Pallas B, Da Silva D, Valsesia P, Yang W, Guillaume O, Lauri PE, Vercambre G, Génard M, Costes E. Simulation of carbon allocation and organ growth variability in apple tree by connecting architectural and source-sink models. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2016; 118:317-30. [PMID: 27279576 PMCID: PMC4970356 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plant growth depends on carbon availability and allocation among organs. QualiTree has been designed to simulate carbon allocation and partitioning in the peach tree (Prunus persica), whereas MappleT is dedicated to the simulation of apple tree (Malus × domestica) architecture. The objective of this study was to couple both models and adapt QualiTree to apple trees to simulate organ growth traits and their within-tree variability. METHODS MappleT was used to generate architectures corresponding to the 'Fuji' cultivar, accounting for the variability within and among individuals. These architectures were input into QualiTree to simulate shoot and fruit growth during a growth cycle. We modified QualiTree to account for the observed shoot polymorphism in apple trees, i.e. different classes (long, medium and short) that were characterized by different growth function parameters. Model outputs were compared with observed 3D tree geometries, considering shoot and final fruit size and growth dynamics. KEY RESULTS The modelling approach connecting MappleT and QualiTree was appropriate to the simulation of growth and architectural characteristics at the tree scale (plant leaf area, shoot number and types, fruit weight at harvest). At the shoot scale, mean fruit weight and its variability within trees was accurately simulated, whereas the model tended to overestimate individual shoot leaf area and underestimate its variability for each shoot type. Varying the parameter related to the intensity of carbon exchange between shoots revealed that behaviour intermediate between shoot autonomy and a common assimilate pool was required to properly simulate within-tree fruit growth variability. Moreover, the model correctly dealt with the crop load effect on organ growth. CONCLUSIONS This study provides understanding of the integration of shoot ontogenetic properties, carbon supply and transport between entities for simulating organ growth in trees. Further improvements regarding the integration of retroaction loops between carbon allocation and the resulting plant architecture are expected to allow multi-year simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Pallas
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1334 AGAP, CIRAD-INRA-Montpellier SupAgro, F-34398 Montpellier, France,
| | - David Da Silva
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1334 AGAP, CIRAD-INRA-Montpellier SupAgro, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Valsesia
- INRA, UR 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, F-84914 Avignon, France and
| | - Weiwei Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Olivier Guillaume
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1334 AGAP, CIRAD-INRA-Montpellier SupAgro, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre-Eric Lauri
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1334 AGAP, CIRAD-INRA-Montpellier SupAgro, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Vercambre
- INRA, UR 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, F-84914 Avignon, France and
| | - Michel Génard
- INRA, UR 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, F-84914 Avignon, France and
| | - Evelyne Costes
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1334 AGAP, CIRAD-INRA-Montpellier SupAgro, F-34398 Montpellier, France
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Fourcaud T, Kang M, Dumont Y, Guo Y. Editorial of the Special Issue of the 4th International Symposium on Plant Growth Modeling, Simulation, Visualization and Applications (PMA’12). Ecol Modell 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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