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Crespo D, Faião R, Freitas V, Oliveira VH, Sousa AI, Coelho JP, Dolbeth M. Using seagrass as a nature-based solution: Short-term effects of Zostera noltei transplant in benthic communities of a European Atlantic coastal lagoon. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 197:115762. [PMID: 37979526 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Seagrass meadows provide several ecological functions that improve the overall ecological health of coastal systems and therefore, it is urgent to promote the restoration of such habitats. In Ria de Aveiro, a coastal lagoon in the Atlantic Coast of Portugal, a restoration initiative was responsible for transplanting the dwarf eelgrass Zostera noltei into a highly degraded area. This eelgrass was used as a nature-based solution (NbS) to mitigate some of the impacts of historical mercury contamination. Comparisons of key-species features (density and biomass), and some community-derived indicators (total density and biomass, species richness and Shannon-Wiener index) between the transplanted seagrass patch, their bare vicinities, and their counterpart habitats on the source area, provided signs of the effectiveness of the restoration action on the benthic communities' recovery. Indicators were higher within the restored meadow, and biomass derived indicators of the restored meadow were similar to the source meadow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Crespo
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Rita Faião
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Vânia Freitas
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Vitor Hugo Oliveira
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ana I Sousa
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - João Pedro Coelho
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Marina Dolbeth
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
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Jiang W, Coppola F, Jiang Z, Freitas R, Mao Y, Tan Z, Fang J, Fang J, Zhang Y. A food-web model as a tool for the ecosystem-level management of bivalves in an Atlantic coastal lagoon. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 190:106117. [PMID: 37540962 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The Ria de Aveiro is an important coastal lagoon for wildlife in Portugal, where the production of bivalves reaches approximately 2700 tons annually. However, the illegal overfishing of bivalves is frequent in this lagoon, which causes critical changes in the ecosystem. In this study, using a developed food-web model (Ecopath model), the ecological carrying capacity (ECC) and maximum sustained yield (MSY) of the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum were estimated, and the effects of further increases in clam biomass on other species were investigated. The results showed that 1) the current biomass and legal catch of R. philippinarum do not yet exceed the ECC (172.40 tons km-2) or the MSY (86.20 tons km-2 year-1) in Ria de Aveiro; 2) the harvested Manila clams of the MSY represent removing from the ecosystem ∼ 581 tons carbon (C) and ∼83 tons nitrogen (N) annually, with substantial ecological and economic implications; and 3) a further increase in the biomass levels of this species may cause the ecotrophic efficiency of other groups to become unrealistic, potentially leading to decreases in ecosystem transfer efficiency, biodiversity and health. The results here are expected to guide the sustainable development and management of bivalve aquaculture in Ria de Aveiro and the protection of the local environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266200, China
| | - Francesca Coppola
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Zengjie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266200, China.
| | - Rosa Freitas
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal.
| | - Yuze Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266200, China
| | - Zhijun Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jinghui Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266200, China
| | - Jianguang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266200, China
| | - Yitao Zhang
- Rongcheng Chudao Aquaculture Corporation, Rongcheng, 264312, China
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Rodrigues-Filho JL, Macêdo RL, Sarmento H, Pimenta VRA, Alonso C, Teixeira CR, Pagliosa PR, Netto SA, Santos NCL, Daura-Jorge FG, Rocha O, Horta P, Branco JO, Sartor R, Muller J, Cionek VM. From ecological functions to ecosystem services: linking coastal lagoons biodiversity with human well-being. HYDROBIOLOGIA 2023; 850:2611-2653. [PMID: 37323646 PMCID: PMC10000397 DOI: 10.1007/s10750-023-05171-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this review we highlight the relevance of biodiversity that inhabit coastal lagoons, emphasizing how species functions foster processes and services associated with this ecosystem. We identified 26 ecosystem services underpinned by ecological functions performed by bacteria and other microbial organisms, zooplankton, polychaetae worms, mollusks, macro-crustaceans, fishes, birds, and aquatic mammals. These groups present high functional redundancy but perform complementary functions that result in distinct ecosystem processes. Because coastal lagoons are located in the interface between freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, the ecosystem services provided by the biodiversity surpass the lagoon itself and benefit society in a wider spatial and historical context. The species loss in coastal lagoons due to multiple human-driven impacts affects the ecosystem functioning, influencing negatively the provision of all categories of services (i.e., supporting, regulating, provisioning and cultural). Because animals' assemblages have unequal spatial and temporal distribution in coastal lagoons, it is necessary to adopt ecosystem-level management plans to protect habitat heterogeneity and its biodiversity, ensuring the provision of services for human well-being to multi-actors in the coastal zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L. Rodrigues-Filho
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada e Conservação, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca e Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina, Laguna, SC Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Planejamento Territorial e Desenvolvimento Socioambiental (PPGPLAN)/UDESC/FAED, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Rafael L. Macêdo
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Hugo Sarmento
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Ecology of Inland Water Ecosystems (PEA), State University of Maringá (UEM), Centre of Research in Limnology, Ichthyology and Aquaculture (Nupélia), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Victor R. A. Pimenta
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada e Conservação, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca e Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina, Laguna, SC Brazil
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Alonso
- Microbial Ecology of Aquatic Systems Research Group, Centro Universitario Regional del Este, Universidad de la República, Rocha, Uruguay
| | - Clarissa R. Teixeira
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos (LAMAQ), Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Whale Habitat, Ecology & Telemetry Laboratory (WHET), Oregon State University (OSU), Newport, OR USA
| | - Paulo R. Pagliosa
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade Costeira, Coordenadoria Especial de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Sérgio A. Netto
- Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, UNISUL, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Natália C. L. Santos
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Fábio G. Daura-Jorge
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos (LAMAQ), Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia (POSECO), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Trindade, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Odete Rocha
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Paulo Horta
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Joaquim O. Branco
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, SC Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Sartor
- Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, UNISUL, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jean Muller
- Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, UNISUL, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Vivian M. Cionek
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, SC Brazil
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Fernández-Alías A, Montaño-Barroso T, Conde-Caño MR, Manchado-Pérez S, López-Galindo C, Quispe-Becerra JI, Marcos C, Pérez-Ruzafa A. Nutrient overload promotes the transition from top-down to bottom-up control and triggers dystrophic crises in a Mediterranean coastal lagoon. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157388. [PMID: 35850350 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The excess input of nutrients that triggers eutrophication processes is one of the main destabilizing factors of coastal ecosystems, being coastal lagoons prone to suffer these effects and present dystrophic crises. This process is aggravated by the current trend of rising temperatures and more frequent torrential rains due to climate change. We observed that the Mar Menor lagoon had a great capacity for self-regulation of its trophic web and resistance to the eutrophication process, but after 30 years of nutrient input due to the change in the agricultural regime in its drainage basin in the 1990s, the lagoon ecosystem has suffered several of these events. In this work, we characterize the seasonal dynamic of the pelagic system during the last dystrophic crises. Phosphorus and nitrogen alternate as the limiting nutrient for phytoplankton proliferation. The entrance of phosphorus is mainly related to vacation periods, while nitrogen inputs, both superficial and sub-superficial, are more related to chronic high nitrates concentration in the water table after the agricultural activities carried out in the area changed. Our analysis reveals that the summer season is prone to suffer periodical hypoxia events when the N/P ratio decreases, and the temperature rises. In the Mar Menor, the ecological balance has been maintained in recent decades thanks to, among other mechanisms, the spatial and temporal segregation of top-down control over phytoplankton exerted by three species of jellyfish. However, the deep reduction in the abundance of the summer jellyfish species and the excessive proliferation of phytoplankton has meant the loss of this control. Moreover, we have registered a decline in the abundance of all the other zooplanktonic groups during the dystrophic crises. We suggest that management actions should address the input sources of water and nutrients, and an integrated management of the activities carried out throughout the watershed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Fernández-Alías
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology and Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Spain.
| | - Teresa Montaño-Barroso
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology and Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Manuel-Rosendo Conde-Caño
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology and Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Sara Manchado-Pérez
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology and Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Cristina López-Galindo
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology and Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Jhoni-Ismael Quispe-Becerra
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology and Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Concepción Marcos
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology and Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Angel Pérez-Ruzafa
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology and Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Spain
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Crespo D, Leston S, Rato LD, Martinho F, Novais SC, Pardal MA, Lemos MFL. Does an Invasive Bivalve Outperform Its Native Congener in a Heat Wave Scenario? A Laboratory Study Case with Ruditapes decussatus and R. philippinarum. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121284. [PMID: 34943199 PMCID: PMC8698865 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Global climate change is responsible for more frequent heat waves, which offers opportunities for invasive species to expand their range. Two congener bivalves, the native Ruditapes decussatus and the invasive R. philippinarum, were exposed to a heat wave aquaria simulation and analysed for ecological and subcellular biomarkers responses. Despite reduced responses on the ecological level (bioturbation and nutrient concentration), there were differential responses to the heat wave at the subcellular level, where the invasive species seems to be less impacted than the native by the heat wave. This reinforces the common notion that climate change events may provide opportunities for biological invasions. Abstract Global warming and the subsequent increase in the frequency of temperature anomalies are expected to affect marine and estuarine species’ population dynamics, latitudinal distribution, and fitness, allowing non-native opportunistic species to invade and thrive in new geographical areas. Bivalves represent a significant percentage of the benthic biomass in marine ecosystems worldwide, often with commercial interest, while mediating fundamental ecological processes. To understand how these temperature anomalies contribute to the success (or not) of biological invasions, two closely related species, the native Ruditapes decussatus and the introduced R. philippinarum, were exposed to a simulated heat wave. Organisms of both species were exposed to mean summer temperature (~18 °C) for 6 days, followed by 6 days of simulated heat wave conditions (~22 °C). Both species were analysed for key ecological processes such as bioturbation and nutrient generation—which are significant proxies for benthic function and habitat quality—and subcellular biomarkers—oxidative stress and damage, and energetic metabolism. Results showed subcellular responses to heat waves. However, such responses were not expressed at the addressed ecological levels. The subcellular responses to the heat wave in the invasive R. philippinarum pinpoint less damage and higher cellular energy allocation to cope with thermal stress, which may further improve its fitness and thus invasiveness behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Crespo
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (L.D.R.); (S.C.N.)
- CFE—Centre for Functional Ecology—Science for People & the Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.L.); (F.M.); (M.A.P.)
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (M.F.L.L.)
| | - Sara Leston
- CFE—Centre for Functional Ecology—Science for People & the Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.L.); (F.M.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Lénia D. Rato
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (L.D.R.); (S.C.N.)
| | - Filipe Martinho
- CFE—Centre for Functional Ecology—Science for People & the Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.L.); (F.M.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Sara C. Novais
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (L.D.R.); (S.C.N.)
| | - Miguel A. Pardal
- CFE—Centre for Functional Ecology—Science for People & the Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.L.); (F.M.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Marco F. L. Lemos
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (L.D.R.); (S.C.N.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (M.F.L.L.)
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6
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Governance for Sustainability of Estuarine Areas—Assessing Alternative Models Using the Case of Ria de Aveiro, Portugal. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11040846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Estuaries are one of the most productive and complex types of ecosystems supporting a wide range of economic activities. Departing from a set of governance problems and emergent goals, such as sustainability or climate change adaptation faced by an estuarine case study area, Ria de Aveiro, in Portugal, this article assesses the adequacy of alternative governance models under the existing water resources legal framework and traditional political culture. It shows that apart from the centrally-based compliance model, all other alternatives require high degrees of institutional reforms. Moreover, although the model based on a dedicated new agency, long preferred by many users of Ria de Aveiro, is the most understandable and focused, it does not assure the pursuance of adaptability or collaboration, which are considered essential for estuary governance. As it relies on collective action and multi-level and multi-agent contexts, estuarine governance may require a new institutional design. Where one begins a process of institutional change, however, is not a simple issue to address and demands a deeper analysis, particularly on the types of required institutional changes, as well as on their impacts on policy and decision-making outcomes over estuarine environments and associated socio-ecological networks.
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Lillebø AI, Teixeira H, Morgado M, Martínez-López J, Marhubi A, Delacámara G, Strosser P, Nogueira AJA. Ecosystem-based management planning across aquatic realms at the Ria de Aveiro Natura 2000 territory. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:1898-1912. [PMID: 30286356 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ria de Aveiro represents a coastal territory, in which its natural capital, mostly classified under a Natura 2000 network of protected areas, is of paramount importance for the regional and national economy, supporting harbour activities and maritime traffic, agriculture, commercial fisheries, aquaculture, manufacturing, tourism, sports and recreational activities. Current and foreseen changes connected to human activities, namely land and water uses and potential conflicts, in frame of environmental policies, sustainable economic development and human well-being require the implementation of ecosystem-based management (EBM) planning processes considering the connectivity across marine, transitional, freshwater, and terrestrial domains. The main objective is to elaborate on the co-development of the EBM planning process across the three water domains, all characterized by high biodiversity and by the wide range of services provided by ecosystems and their abiotic components, for the mitigation of impacts from the management plan under implementation. The approach used follows a stepwise procedure in frame of resilience principles, considering the analysis of the relationship between the social and ecological components and on how these can be connected through risk assessment and a spatial multi-criteria analysis based on the delivery of ecosystem services. Stakeholders' perception matched the ecosystem services provisioning risk assessment and supported the planning EBM response that consist in saltmarshes and seagrasses meadows restoration programs. Compliance of the proposed measures is achievable regarding policies (policy targets and policy instruments) and feasibility (scientific and technological knowledge and financial resources). The EBM response can support the Vouga estuary management plan and regional smart specialization (RIS3 Centro).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Lillebø
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Heliana Teixeira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Mariana Morgado
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Javier Martínez-López
- BC3 - Basque Centre for Climate Change, Scientific Campus of the University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Asya Marhubi
- IMDEA Water Institute, Av/Punto Com, 2, Parque Científico Tecnológico, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Delacámara
- IMDEA Water Institute, Av/Punto Com, 2, Parque Científico Tecnológico, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - António J A Nogueira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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